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Статті в журналах з теми "Residenze monumentali"
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Marano, Yuri A. "DOMUS IN QUA MANEBAT EPISCOPUS: EPISCOPAL RESIDENCES IN NORTHERN ITALY DURING LATE ANTIQUITY (4TH TO 6TH CENTURIES A.D.)." Late Antique Archaeology 3, no. 2 (2006): 95–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000062.
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This article addresses the development of three episcopal complexes in Northern Italy: at Aquileia, Milan and Parenzo-Poreč, leaving aside the very special case of Ravenna. Episcopal complexes (meaning the monumental headquarters of the bishop) initially centred on the cathedral and evidence for residence is slight in contrast, reflecting perhaps that the influence of bishops derived primarily from liturgy and their ecclesiastical status. Nevertheless, during the 5th and 6th c. A.D. monumental episcopal residences develop, that seem to reflect the rising social and political status of bishops in wider society.
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Stanley, Jessie. "Anti-monuments to the Immemorial. Exploring the how, why, and what next of our relationship to our environment." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 4 n. 3 (November 30, 2019): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v4i3.1227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monuments typify human habitation of place, memorialising ideologies of the prevailing power from moments in time. In recent decades, their form has undergone a revolution. Along with their transformation from the heavy permanence of monumentality, to the temporality of anti-monumental form — subject matter has also diametrically shifted from representing the state, to representing the marginalised. My practice-based research explores further the anti-monuments’ potential for social activism — to expand memorialisation beyond a human-centric narrative, to acknowledge the immemorial forces that shape place over deep time. An iterative creative process informs the major body of site-responsive works Human/Nature undertaken as Artist in Residence at Kyneton Botanic Gardens in regional Victoria, Australia, presented at the Kyneton Contemporary Art Triennial 2018. Drawing on the site’s deep time environmental and ideological origins as transformative forces, I created a series of anti-monuments: activating public space as an experimental laboratory to explore and discover the how, why, and what next of our relationship to our environment.
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Comas, Carlos Eduardo. "Brasilia. Monumentality Issues." Brasilis, no. 43 (2010): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/43.a.dm9eb04a.
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Lúcio Costa proposes an urbs and a civitas in his winning entry for the Brasilia competition (1957). The new seat of citizenship was to celebrate the March to the West dreamt by Brazilian Independence’s Patriarch José Bonifácio (1823) - who named the new capital - and taken up by president Juscelino Kubitschek (1955) - who promised fifty years of progress in five. Brasilia was to be a machine for remembering past, present and future hopes. Therefore, it had to be a memorable object itself, composed of memorable elements; differentiation from context counted in all levels. Like Costa, Oscar Niemeyer knew that common monumental features included volumetric simplicity, unusual size, scale or shape and extraordinary richness, as shown by his Palácio da Alvorada, the presidential residence (1956).
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Hao, Jun Hong, Fan Zhou, and E. Dong Liu. "Statements of Historical Memories - The Detail Planning and Design of Zhang Xiangwen’s Former Residence." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.136.
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This paper made an example of Zhang Xiangwe’s former residence (which in Siyang County, Jiangsu Province). Through the meaningful exploration of the environment and the spiritual significance of architectural form, this paper tried to carry out more spiritual meaning of monumental buildings and make a positive reference of the protection and development of today’s celebrity’s former residence.
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DE JONG, LIDEWIJDE. "MONUMENTS, LANDSCAPE, AND MEMORY: THE EMERGENCE OF TOWER-TOMBS IN TADMOR-PALMYRA." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 62, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 30–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-5370.12096.
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Abstract Little is known about the emergence of the iconic tower-tombs in the first century bce in Tadmor-Palmyra, the oasis settlement on the eastern edge of the Roman Empire. Scholarship has concentrated on the grand towers erected in the first two centuries ce, yet it is the older and simpler group of towers that holds the key for understanding their appearance. They reveal breaks with existing burial customs and a need to carve out a new memorial landscape in the desert. This article offers a new perspective on the tower-tombs, building on theoretical approaches to monumentality, landscape, and memory. In settings that were simultaneously conspicuous and distant, the towers represent monumental proclamations aimed at the residents of Tadmor-Palmyra and the people of the desert. As tombs, they kept alive the memory of some members of the community, becoming focal points for the (re)production of lineage identity. Internal developments, sedentarization, or migration made such identities vulnerable, and new avenues for competitive innovations about the shared past were sought. The tower-tombs provide the first glimpses of a new Tadmor-Palmyra.
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Dixon, Boyd, L. R. V. Joesink-Mandeville, Nobukatsu Hasebe, Michael Mucio, William Vincent, David James, and Kenneth Petersen. "Formative-Period Architecture at the Site of Yarumela, Central Honduras." Latin American Antiquity 5, no. 1 (March 1994): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971903.
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During the Formative period (ca. 1000 B.C.-A.D. 250) at the site of Yarumela in central Honduras, an indigenous society developed that was constructing monumental architecture well before 400 B.C. Experimentation with new building materials and techniques reached a peak ca. A.D. 200 just prior to the site's abandonment, by which time religious temples and elite residences had undergone a transition from simple pole-and-thatch structures to more complex adobe and stone constructions. Overall labor investment in monumental architecture may, on the other hand, actually have declined during this same period.
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MORROW, GRANT. "Residency Training in Management of Child Abuse." Pediatrics 82, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 513–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.82.3.513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To state that the specialty of pediatrics has undergone changes in the past 25 years would be a monumental understatement. New therapies and new diseases, as well as new societal ways of looking at children's needs, have stressed both training programs and practice. In the early 1960s, C. Henry Kempe shocked the pediatric world by defining the problem of child abuse. In the intervening time, leaders in the field of pediatrics have stressed the need to add more experience in recognizing and managing psychosocial problems of children to our training programs. In 1975, Dr Robert V. Haggerty and his colleagues formulated the concept of "the new morbidity" referring to the multiple psychosocial problems confronting children in our society.
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Stauder-Porchet, Julie. "Harkhuf’s Autobiographical Inscriptions. A study in Old Kingdom Monumental Rhetoric." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 147, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 57–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2020-0027.
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SummaryHarkhuf’s facade, inscribed with diverse types of texts, is a unitary composition. Inscriptional layout on that facade is highly complex and contributes directly to the rhetoric of the texts as inscriptions. The facade inscribes royal agency at the place, in the far south, that is farthest away from the Memphite center. Patterns of motion, out of the Valley and back to the Residence, are emphasized spatially on the wall. Along with an episodic narrative mode in the event autobiography, inscribed royal speech set Harkhuf and his monument as examples for posterity. As other facades subsequently inscribed at Qubbet el-Hawa demonstrate, this example was emulated indeed.Part I. Texts, genres, formsThe architrave: offering formulae, ideal autobiography and other ritual textsRight and left sides of facade: expanded titulary and event autobiographyThe outer right of the facade: the royal letterPart II. The inscribed facadeVerbal rhetoric: the facade as a unitary inscriptionInscriptional layout on the facadeThe inscription as an eventHarkhuf’s reception and emulation in inscribed facades at Qubbet al-Hawa
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Annis, M. Beatrice. "Appropriation and Preservation (Built) heritage as a common good." Archaeological Dialogues 3, no. 2 (December 1996): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203800000684.
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In his paper Peter Odermatt takes the local inhabitants and their right to (re)presentation and appropriation of the monumental heritage under protection against the hegemonistic pretension of the Authority – scientific, institutional, economical – that they are solely entitled to this right. The author rightly argues that, in the appropriation of cultural heritage, the Authority does not hold any greater rights than those who live in the vicinity of monuments or those who come from abroad to visit them. The examples he outlines are derived from a Sardinian context and illustrate how the ‘colonial’ pretensions of the heritage industry alienate the local residents from their monumental past and, as a consequence, how indifference led into oblivion.
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Torres Outón, Sara María. "Gentrification, touristification and revitalization of the Monumental Zone of Pontevedra, Spain." International Journal of Tourism Cities 6, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 347–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-08-2018-0059.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore, through the analysis case, how the revitalization of a historic centre has been carried out and the role of tourism in this process.Design/methodology/approachThis case study area is well-documented as there has been extensive fieldwork on the transformation of the commercial sector in the Monumental Zone of Pontevedra in the last three decades. In order to prepare this paper, a bibliographic review, in-depth interviews, premises registration data and population data have been used.FindingsThe findings show that the processes of change and revitalization do not conform to a single reality common to all historical centres, although similar strategies are developed, the role of the participating actors and, especially, the idiosyncrasy of these spaces change the outcomes. On the one hand, gentrification does not occur and the increase of residential uses is still a goal. On the other hand, the tourism strategy brings more visitors and complements the commerce activity and attraction.Social implicationsThe new challenge of these spaces, and the urban contribution from this research, is that in the appropriation of space by citizens, tourism may be a complement for commerce, and shops and hospitality (facilities) make these spaces more livable. Although tourism does not necessarily increase the number of residents, the revenue from tourism may prevent the reoccurrence of abandonment.Originality/valueThe paper focusses on both gentrification and touristification; processes that have led to the substitution of residents and activities and the conflict with the local population and the normalization of urban life. This case has been selected because despite a seemingly successful revitalization process, recently some old threats seem to be returning.
Дисертації з теми "Residenze monumentali"
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Couture, Nicole Claire. "The construction of power : monumental space and elite residence at Tiwanaku, Bolivia /." 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3060201.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Residenze monumentali"
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Early new world monumentality. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2012.
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Archaeological investigations in the lower Motagua Valley, Izabal, Guatemala: A study in monumental site function and interaction. Philadelphia: University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1993.
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Cummings, Scott L. Blue and Green. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036986.001.0001.
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This book is about the struggle over the future of work and the environment on the edge of the global economy. It traces the history of conflict in an industry that is not widely known, but sits at the epicentre for the global supply chain: short-haul trucking responsible for moving the mass of imports from enormous cargo ships to warehouses and retailers around the country. The book’s specific focus is on the largest and most important campaign at the nation’s largest and most important port complex, which straddles the border of Los Angeles and Long Beach, California. Over nearly two decades, labor and environmental groups—bound together in a pivotal “blue-green” alliance—carried forward a monumental campaign to transform working conditions for drivers and environmental conditions for communities. At bottom, the book tells a story of the unceasing resolve of courageous people seeking to make lives better for some of the most marginalized members of society: immigrant truck drivers barely scrapping by as they deliver goods to be sold by some of the richest and most powerful companies in the world; residents of neighbourhoods whose poverty consigns them to inhale the noxious residue of global trade. How law serves as a tool in their struggle is the book’s central question.
Частини книг з теми "Residenze monumentali"
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"Changes in Monumentality and Elite Residence Monumental Architecture and Residential Activity." In Identity and Power in the Ancient Andes, 229–48. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203324615-15.
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Blee, Lisa, and Jean M. O’Brien. "Casting." In Monumental Mobility, 31–63. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469648408.003.0003.
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This chapter takes up the cast of characters involved in setting the story of peaceful colonization in motion: the sculptor Cyrus Dallin and his engagement with the Massasoit in fashioning and casting Massasoit; the Improved Order of Red Men and the Massasoit Memorial Association in their imaginings of the Massasoit's role in creating the nation; and the Pilgrim Society, which provided the site for the original installation within a curated memorial landscape in Plymouth. This chapter argues that those who commissioned the original statue in Plymouth believed that men could prove their patriotism by possessing and appropriating Indians. When the statue was copied and took up residence in various locations, it continued to serve a related purpose in these different places over time. The statue filled the need in American popular culture for an innocent and innocuous reframing of the nation's founding principles of taking and profiting from Indigenous people.
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Doyle, James A. "A Tale of Two E Groups." In Maya E Groups. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813054353.003.0008.
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E Groups represent the first monumental gathering spaces in the Maya lowlands, and their distribution represents a social map of the landscape shared by distinct, autonomous communities. This chapter examines the biographies of the E Groups in two such neighboring communities, El Palmar and Tikal, Guatemala. Residents of both communities experimented with scale and aesthetics in analogous ways as they cooperated to build the monumental cores of each center. The patterns of social engagement in the E Groups at El Palmar and Tikal; however, radically diverged. Environmental change and shifts in the political landscape contributed to the abandonment of El Palmar’s E Group, while the inhabitants of Tikal continued to invest in construction in the Mundo Perdido E Group complex. The focused case study of these two communities suggests possibilities for why some people migrated away from certain E Group centers in the Early Classic (250-600 CE) while their neighbors did not.
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Hayter, Julian Maxwell. "From Intent to Effect." In The Dream Is Lost. University Press of Kentucky, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813169484.003.0004.
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Chapter 3 describes how local African Americans, with the help of the U.S. Congress, federal courts, and the U.S. Department of Justice, instigated the reapportionment revolution after 1965. This revolution carried the spirit of civil rights reform, the Great Society, and President Lyndon Johnson’s equality-of-results standard well into the 1970s. After the Supreme Court’s decision in Allen v. State Board of Elections (1969) to expand the implications of the VRA’s preclearance clause in section 5, antidilution litigation began to flood America’s court system. African American public-housing resident Curtis Holt Sr. and white suburbanites eventually sued to deannex Chesterfield County, but for very different reasons. The white residents of the annexed area saw annexation as a way to continue passive resistance to school integration. Holt’s suit led the Supreme Court to place what became a seven-year moratorium on city council elections. This suit not only plugged Richmond into the Burger Court’s campaign against vote dilution but also eventually culminated in the implementation of Richmond’s majority–minority district system. Local politics in Richmond had national implications. Litigation (e.g., City of Richmond v. United States [1975]), the Supreme Court, and the Department of Justice played a critical role in the monumental election of a black-majority council in Richmond in 1977.
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Grier, Colin. "chapter 5 Political Dimensions of Monumental Residences on the Northwest Coast of North America." In Palaces and Power in the Americas, 141–65. University of Texas Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/709843-008.
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Emmerson, Allison L. C. "Italy’s Suburban Amphitheaters." In Life and Death in the Roman Suburb, 163–95. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852759.003.0006.
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“Italy’s Suburban Amphitheaters” traces the benefits that a city might derive from placing a major entertainment building in the suburb, concentrating on examples at Verona, Capua, Herdonia, and Ocriculum. Not least, suburban amphitheaters took advantage of the zone’s open space to manage large festival crowds that included locals as well as the residents of neighboring cities. At the same time, the Italian highway system brought many regional and long-distance travelers to the suburbs, making a suburban amphitheater a particularly effective means of communicating competition with neighboring cities while at the same time expressing participation in a larger shared culture. Nearby monumental tombs, moreover, reinforced an amphitheater’s message, enhancing the urban façade while celebrating the city’s most prominent residents. In some cases, this interaction could even recall the architecture of the capital and declare a local endorsement of imperial power.
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Asch, Chris Myers, and George Derek Musgrove. "National Show Town." In Chocolate City. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635866.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the massive demographic and spatial changes that reordered Washington’s racial geography in the decades between disfranchisement in 1878 and the election of Woodrow Wilson to the presidency in 1912. As the federal government expanded and real estate boomed, the city burst its bounds and extended far beyond the central core. Driven by real estate developers, urban planners, and congressional leaders who could act without local democratic accountability, the city became a “national show town” featuring a monumental core of federal buildings and monuments. Its residents spread out into surrounding neighborhoods that were increasingly segregated by race and class, as exclusive suburban enclaves put physical and psychological distance between wealthy white Washingtonians and the masses of poor residents, black and white. Without the pull of integrated politics to promote interracial interaction, life in Washington became more segregated than ever before.
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Newman, Richard S. "Creative Destruction." In Love Canal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195374834.003.0018.
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Although the tenth anniversary of the crisis pictured Love Canal as a thing of the past, the area still inspired dreams of development in the future. That became clear in September 1988, when Health Commissioner David Axelrod returned to Niagara Falls to announce that the state would back Love Canal resettlement. The longtime mayor of Niagara Falls, Michael O’Loughlin, beamed at the news. This was the first “positive statement about Love Canal” in years, he said. Axelrod’s resettlement recommendation was the result of a five-year, $14 million study. Using massive amounts of test data, the study drilled down into Love Canal’s new nature to see if the monumental remediation plan had worked. The study determined that parts of the ten-block Emergency Declaration Area (EDA) had acceptable chemical levels and only slightly higher contamination risks than comparison areas hard by landfills, steel plants, and old manufacturing facilities in the American Rust Belt. While no one could certify the neighborhood’s absolute safety, Axelrod proposed that people might soon move into sections of the nearly empty subdivision. Former residents again fumed at Axelrod. Joann Hale called Axelrod’s decision “piece meal,” at best, and dangerous at worst. Anything but a “black and white” answer about the safety of resettlement was wrong. The ETF’s Roger Cook said that resettlement posed “unacceptable risks” to future residents. Janet Ecker, a former resident not known for screaming and shouting, told a reporter that Axelrod’s announcement was “very sad.” “I don’t agree it is a safe place. The chemicals don’t know that they’re supposed to stop” at certain places. The mere mention of Love Canal brought back unhappy memories to Ecker, who left in 1980 for Florida and was still “glad to be as far away as I can get from that place.” Lois Gibbs went even further: it was morally wrong for the state to resettle the area. As these divergent perspectives on Axelrod’s announcement indicated, Love Canal remained a hotly contested environment well after final evacuation had occurred.
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Verner, Miroslav. "In the Shadow of Memphis." In Abusir. American University in Cairo Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5743/cairo/9789774167904.003.0001.
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This chapter focuses on Memphis, a metropolis of ancient Egypt, and the possibility that it was the site of the remains of monumental temples, royal residences, palaces, and many other urban features. Meni, the legendary unifier of Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty at the turn of the fourth to third millennium BC, is credited with the founding of Memphis. It is believed that, in addition to the stronghold, Meni also founded the Temple of Ptah, the chief god of the new royal seat. The chapter traces the history of Memphis and describes the district of the Temple of Ptah, along with the pyramids, royal tombs, and other structures located in the city. It also considers some of the deities who had their cult in Memphis, including Hathor. Finally, it looks at the pharaohs who built their tombs in Memphis.
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Cassibry, Kimberly. "Introduction." In Destinations in Mind, 1–16. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190921897.003.0001.
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The Introduction addresses the emerging study of Roman souvenirs and establishes a new framework for their analysis. Whereas prior studies have valuably considered the role of Roman souvenirs in curating memory and their relation to modern memorabilia, this book explores how their craftsmanship relates to perceptions of place. The book’s four case studies focus on artifacts that conjure particular destinations through a combination of words and images. These artifacts are simultaneously portable works of art and material texts. They can be held in the hand yet they evoke monumental buildings, cities, frontiers, and roads. They are Roman, Italian, and provincial in their sites of production and use. The book’s interdisciplinary analysis therefore draws on theories of place, globalization, materiality, and multi-sensory experience in order to answer the following question: how did souvenirs allow residents of the Roman empire to be in one place while imagining another?
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Residenze monumentali"
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Valiante, Caterina, and Annunziata Maria Oteri. "The Role of Heritage Communities in Local Development Processes through the reuse of Architectural Heritage. Some Examples in Italian Rural Areas." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14304.
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Over the last three decades, various initiatives promoted by the European Union concerning the involvement and empowerment of communities in recognising and creating cultural values have flourished. They include, for instance, the Faro Convention, programs for ecomuseums and community mapping, and have contributed to giving voice to bottom-up initiatives for enhancing not only so-called monumental architecture but also "ordinary" architecture and built and vernacular cultural heritage. In general, this approach has also contributed to focusing attention on the importance of local communities in local development processes. In Italy, the so-called inner areas are often characterised by ordinary and vernacular heritage related to rural or manufacturing activities. In these small villages, some local communities, also thanks to the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas, recognised reuse of part of the vernacular local built heritage as a strength for the community itself and the broader context. Some cases have demonstrated that valorisation of architectural heritage is possible without creating tourism-related facilities only (hotels, museums, etc.) but also creating services needed by "local" users that facilitate the everyday life of the place. In this perspective, attention should also be focused on heritage education and the intergenerational transmission of knowledge, which should involve the entire community at different levels, starting from experiences already in place in similar contexts. In this sense, a community can be intended as a broad concept, a constantly evolving process that includes the resident citizens and a broader network related to a specific territory. Through analyses of case studies, this contribution aims to propose reflections on the role of heritage community experiences in empowering vernacular architectural heritage and its wider context.
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Ottaviani, Dorotea. "Il valore della memoria nei processi di riqualificazione dei grandi complessi di edilizia residenziale pubblica." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8017.
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Come affrontare i processi di riqualificazione quando “il rapporto tra le aree-residenza e
elementi primari” non è più alla base della configurazione per tessuti della città e la casa
diventa monumentale memoria e gesto rappresentativo dello Stato? Concentrando lo sguardo
sul periodo tra gli anni 60' e 70' si rende evidente un intento congiunto delle amministrazioni e
degli architetti, attraverso la progettazione di complessi a scala macroscopica, spesso isolati
dal contesto classico della città, di creare una visione chiara ed iconica del ruolo assistenzialista
dello Stato. Questa stagione, sottolineata da scelte compositive in contrapposizione con la
visione “ordinaria” della città e della sua crescita per tessuti, raggiunge la sua massima
espressione nel “grande segno” che fa coincidere tipologia architettonica con morfologia urbana
e racconta di un’amministrazione che vuole essere il referente diretto per la risoluzione di
problematiche sociali e risponde in maniera reattiva e molto rapida alle questioni e alle esigenze
poste dalle sue classi più bisognose. Il primo valore da riconoscere ai progetti di questo periodo
è di essere stati rappresentativi di vocazioni collettive e di averle riassunte con un gesto
progettuale dall'alto valore iconografico. La seconda caratteristica di questa stagione
architettonica, continuando a restringere la valutazione ad una constatazione dei fatti scevra di
componenti di giudizio, è la sua ampia vocazione ad essere terreno sperimentale sia in ambiti
architettonici che urbanistici. La domanda che ci poniamo è se sia possibile ripartire da queste
due valori per re-interpretare i progetti dei grandi complessi residenziali pubblici e renderli
“abitabili” mantenendone le loro particolari vocazioni. How can we deal with requalification process in parts of the city which are no longer based on
the “relation among residential-area and primary elements” and where the house has become
the rappresentative memory of programs and ideals of the State? Concentrating on the 60' and 70' period in Italy it is clear a joined intent of the administration and the architects to create a
neat and iconographic image of the protective and directive role of the State towards its citizen,
through the designing of large, unitary social housing, often off the normal urban scale and
isolated by the rest of the city. This season, highlighted by compositive experience in sharp
contrapposition with the “ordinary” vision of the city, reach its maximal expression in “great sign
design” that tends to an equivalence between architectural typology and urban morphology. The
first merit that have to be acknowlegde to those project is to have been a representative of
collective vocations through a high valued iconographical design. A second valor to be confered
to this period is its vocation on being a laboratory for both architectural and urban
experimentation. Question we are facing is, then, if it is possibile to start over on those two
intrinsic values, seep through the lens of the european directives for sustainable renewal of the
cities, for a reinterpretation of the large housing estates in order to give them back to their
peculiar potential and to make the the center of regenerations of the city itself.
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Capes, David B. "TOLERANCE IN THE THEOLOGY AND THOUGHT OF A. J. CONYERS AND FETHULLAH GÜLEN (EXTENDED ABSTRACT)." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/fbvr3629.
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In his book The Long Truce (Spence Publishing, 2001) the late A. J. Conyers argues that tolerance, as practiced in western democracies, is not a public virtue; it is a political strat- egy employed to establish power and guarantee profits. Tolerance, of course, seemed to be a reasonable response to the religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but tolerance based upon indifference to all values except political power and materialism relegated ultimate questions of meaning to private life. Conyers offers another model for tolerance based upon values and resources already resident in pre-Reformation Christianity. In this paper, we consider Conyer’s case against the modern, secular form of tolerance and its current practice. We examine his attempt to reclaim the practice of Christian tolerance based upon humility, hospitality and the “powerful fact” of the incarnation. Furthermore, we bring the late Conyers into dialog with Fethullah Gülen, a Muslim scholar, prolific writer and the source of inspiration for a transnational civil society movement. We explore how both Conyers and Gülen interpret their scriptures in order to fashion a theology and politi- cal ideology conducive to peaceful co-existence. Finally, because Gülen’s identity has been formed within the Sufi tradition, we reflect on the spiritual resources within Sufi spirituality that make dialog and toleration key values for him. Conyers locates various values, practices and convictions in the Christian message that pave the way for authentic toleration. These include humility, trust, reconciliation, the interrelat- edness of all things, the paradox of power--that is, that strength is found in weakness and greatness in service—hope, the inherent goodness of creation, and interfaith dialog. Conyers refers to this latter practice as developing “the listening heart” and “the open soul.” In his writings and oral addresses, Gülen prefers the term hoshgoru (literally, “good view”) to “tolerance.” Conceptually, the former term indicates actions of the heart and the mind that include empathy, inquisitiveness, reflection, consideration of the dialog partner’s context, and respect for their positions. The term “tolerance” does not capture the notion of hoshgoru. Elsewhere, Gülen finds even the concept of hoshgoru insufficient, and employs terms with more depth in interfaith relations, such as respect and an appreciation of the positions of your dialog partner. The resources Gülen references in the context of dialog and empathic acceptance include the Qur’an, the prophetic tradition, especially lives of the companions of the Prophet, the works of great Muslim scholars and Sufi masters, and finally, the history of Islamic civilization. Among his Qur’anic references, Gülen alludes to verses that tell the believers to represent hu- mility, peace and security, trustworthiness, compassion and forgiveness (The Qur’an, 25:63, 25:72, 28:55, 45:14, 17:84), to avoid armed conflicts and prefer peace (4:128), to maintain cordial relationships with the “people of the book,” and to avoid argumentation (29:46). But perhaps the most important references of Gülen with respect to interfaith relations are his readings of those verses that allow Muslims to fight others. Gülen positions these verses in historical context to point out one by one that their applicability is conditioned upon active hostility. In other words, in Gülen’s view, nowhere in the Qur’an does God allow fighting based on differences of faith. An important factor for Gülen’s embracing views of empathic acceptance and respect is his view of the inherent value of the human. Gülen’s message is essentially that every human person exists as a piece of art created by the Compassionate God, reflecting aspects of His compassion. He highlights love as the raison d’etre of the universe. “Love is the very reason of existence, and the most important bond among beings,” Gülen comments. A failure to approach fellow humans with love, therefore, implies a deficiency in our love of God and of those who are beloved to God. The lack of love for fellow human beings implies a lack of respect for this monumental work of art by God. Ultimately, to remain indifferent to the conditions and suffering of fellow human beings implies indifference to God himself. While advocating love of human beings as a pillar of human relations, Gülen maintains a balance. He distinguishes between the love of fellow human beings and our attitude toward some of their qualities or actions. Our love for a human being who inflicts suffering upon others does not mean that we remain silent toward his violent actions. On the contrary, our very love for that human being as a human being, as well as our love of those who suffer, necessitate that we participate actively in the elimination of suffering. In the end we argue that strong resonances are found in the notion of authentic toleration based on humility advocated by Conyers and the notion of hoshgoru in the writings of Gülen.