Статті в журналах: "Residential pathways"

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Dill, Alexandra, Tristan R. Brown, Robert W. Malmsheimer, HakSoo Ha, Jenny Frank, Pradheep Kileti, and Brian Barkwill. "Quantifying the Financial and Climate Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Abatement Pathways in Residential Space Heating." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (March 5, 2024): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16052135.

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New York State (NYS) has set strict greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets across all sectors of its economy, including the heating sector. This study examines the financial value and environmental impacts of the residential space heating sector in NYS under different GHG abatement options by comparing the existing natural gas heating pathway with three potential GHG abatement pathways: renewable natural gas (RNG), hydrogen blended into RNG, and air-source heat pumps (ASHPs). These pathways are analyzed via a comparative net present value (NPV) framework from 2022 to 2042 with the emission reduction represented as a revenue stream that serves as a function of the social cost of GHGs. The investment timing of each of these pathways is also accounted for to reflect the pathways’ varying deployment timelines. The ASHP pathway with a 10% financial discount rate and a 2% social cost of the GHG discount rate achieves the lowest NPV. The RNG pathway achieves the highest NPV. A sensitivity analysis determines the impact of key factors on the NPV results. This study aims to inform policymakers, homeowners, and stakeholders of the potential benefits and costs of each of the four pathways to aid them in their decision-making process.

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Li, Hansen, Matthew H. E. M. Browning, Angel M. Dzhambov, Guodong Zhang, and Yang Cao. "Green Space for Mental Health in the COVID-19 Era: A Pathway Analysis in Residential Green Space Users." Land 11, no. 8 (July 22, 2022): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081128.

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Residential green space is among the most accessible types of urban green spaces and may help maintain mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is insufficiently understood how residents use residential green space for exercise during the epidemic. The pathways between residential green space and mental health also merit further exploration. Therefore, we conducted an online study among Chinese residents in December 2021 to capture data on engagement with urban green space for green exercise, the frequency of green exercise, perceived pollution in green space, perceptions of residential green space, social cohesion, depression, and anxiety. Among the 1208 respondents who engaged in green exercise last month, 967 (80%) reported that green exercise primarily occurred in residential neighborhoods. The rest (20%) reported that green exercise occurred in more distant urban green spaces. The most common reasons that respondents sought green exercise in urban green spaces were better air and environmental qualities. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was then employed to explore the pathways between the perceived greenness of residential neighborhoods and mental health among respondents who used residential green space for exercise. The final model suggested that residential green space was negatively associated with anxiety (β = −0.30, p = 0.001) and depression (β = −0.33, p < 0.001), mainly through indirect pathways. Perceived pollution and social cohesion were the two mediators that contributed to most of the indirect effects. Perceived pollution was also indirectly associated with green exercise through less social cohesion (β = −0.04, p = 0.010). These findings suggest a potential framework to understand the mental health benefits of residential green space and its accompanying pathways during the COVID-19 era.

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Nord, Natasa, Yiyu Ding, Ola Skrautvol, and Stian Fossmo Eliassen. "Energy Pathways for Future Norwegian Residential Building Areas." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040934.

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Owing to stricter building energy requirements, future buildings will be characterized by low base loads and occasional high peaks. However, future building areas will still contain existing and historical buildings with high energy demand. Meanwhile, there is a requirement that future building areas should obtain energy from renewable energy sources, while existing buildings need to be transited to renewables. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an approach for modelling energy pathways for future Norwegian residential building areas by analyzing different energy supply systems. Several calculation methods were combined: building simulation, energy supply technology simulation, heat demand aggregation, and data post-processing. The results showed that the energy pathways would be very dependent on CO2-factors for energy sources, and it is hard to predict accurate CO2-factors. An increasing housing stock development would slightly increase the CO2 emissions towards 2050, although the new buildings used much less energy and the existing buildings underwent renovation. A constant housing stock would yield a 22–27% reduction of CO2 emissions by 2050. This showed that implementing stricter building codes had a lower impact on the total CO2 emissions than CO2-factors and energy technologies. The focus should lie on energy supply systems.

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Ren, Zhengen, Zhengdong Chen, and Xiaoming Wang. "Climate change adaptation pathways for Australian residential buildings." Building and Environment 46, no. 11 (November 2011): 2398–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.05.022.

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5

Li, Hansen, Matthew H. E. M. Browning, Yang Cao, and Guodong Zhang. "From Childhood Residential Green space to Adult Mental Wellbeing: A Pathway Analysis among Chinese Adults." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12030084.

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Residential green spaces, arguably the most accessible type of urban green space, may have lasting impacts on children and even change their lives later in adulthood. However, the potential pathways from childhood residential green space to adulthood mental wellbeing are not well understood. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey among Chinese adults (N = 770) in September 2021 to capture data on subjective measures of residential green space and nature contact during childhood, and nature connectedness, nature contact, and mental wellbeing during adulthood. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine theoretical pathways between childhood residential green space and adult mental wellbeing. The results suggest that childhood residential green space positively predicts childhood nature contact and also has direct and indirect positive impacts on nature contact, nature connectedness, and mental wellbeing during adulthood. These findings advance understanding of the long-term impacts of childhood residential green space. Policymakers are advised to prioritize residential greening as well as other recreational facilities for children when planning health-promoting environments in urban spaces. Due to limitations in our study design, we also advise future studies to re-examine and extend the framework documented here.

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Roca-Puigròs, Marta, Romain Guillaume Billy, Andreas Gerber, Patrick Wäger, and Daniel Beat Müller. "Pathways toward a carbon-neutral Swiss residential building stock." Buildings and Cities 1, no. 1 (2020): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bc.61.

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Pereira, Sandra Marques, and Ana Cristina Ferreira. "The pathways of Lisbon metropolization: Focusing on residential trajectories." Portuguese Journal of Social Science 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pjss.15.1.7_1.

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Whittaker, James K. "Pathways to Evidence-Based Practice in Therapeutic Residential Care." Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 25, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063426616686345.

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9

Leibowicz, Benjamin D., Christopher M. Lanham, Max T. Brozynski, José R. Vázquez-Canteli, Nicolás Castillo Castejón, and Zoltan Nagy. "Optimal decarbonization pathways for urban residential building energy services." Applied Energy 230 (November 2018): 1311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.046.

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10

Greer, Sophia, Michael R. Kramer, Jessica N. Cook-Smith, and Michele L. Casper. "Metropolitan Racial Residential Segregation and Cardiovascular Mortality: Exploring Pathways." Journal of Urban Health 91, no. 3 (October 24, 2013): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-013-9834-7.

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11

Berrill, Peter, Eric J. H. Wilson, Janet L. Reyna, Anthony D. Fontanini, and Edgar G. Hertwich. "Decarbonization pathways for the residential sector in the United States." Nature Climate Change 12, no. 8 (August 2022): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01429-y.

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12

Song, Xinyan, and Cantao Ye. "Climate Change Adaptation Pathways for Residential Buildings in Southern China." Energy Procedia 105 (May 2017): 3062–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.635.

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13

He, Miaomiao, Isabell Nemeth, Astrid von Blumenthal, Thomas Haupt, Jochen Stopper, and Johannes Jungwirth. "Assessing pathways to carbon neutrality in a neighbourhood study in Germany." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, no. 8 (November 1, 2023): 082010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/8/082010.

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Abstract Neighbourhoods are becoming more and more important for the success of the energy transition and achieving the climate protection goals. This paper describes results from a case study of a typical residential neighbourhood in Germany, in which investigation of pathways to climate neutrality has been carried out. Both technical potential and challenge under the current legal framework are presented. The aims are to answer questions such as to what extent and in what sequence the energy-related emissions of an existing neighbourhood can be reduced in the long term through further integration of photovoltaics, low-carbon technology, thermal storage and, if necessary, building refurbishment. Two pathways are exanimated: in the gas pathway by using CHP units with biogas and in the electricity pathway by electrifying the heat demand through the use of heat pumps. Three scenarios are defined for both pathways, which differ in particular by the level of building refurbishment, PV generation, supply temperatures in the heating network and uptake of electric vehicles.

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Reymond, Liz, Fiona J. Israel, and Margaret A. Charles. "A residential aged care end-of-life care pathway (RAC EoLCP) for Australian aged care facilities." Australian Health Review 35, no. 3 (2011): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10899.

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The objective of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate an end-of-life (terminal) care pathway and associated infrastructure suitable for Australian residential aged care facilities that improves resident and health system outcomes. The residential aged care end-of-life care pathway was developed by a multidisciplinary collaboration of government and non-government professionals and incorporated best clinical management for dying residents to guide care and increase palliative care capacity of generalist staff. Implementation included identifying and up-skilling Link Nurses to champion the pathway, networking facilities with specialist palliative care services, delivering education to generalists and commencing a Palliative Care Medication Imprest System in each facility. The primary outcome measure for evaluation was transfer to hospital; secondary measures included staff perceived changes in quality of palliative care provided and family satisfaction with care. Results indicated that the pathway, delivered within a care framework that guides provision of palliative care, resulted in improved resident outcomes and decreased inappropriate transfers to acute care settings. What is known about the topic? Residential aged care facilities (RACFs) are the hospices of today. Many RACF staff are not confident in the delivery of high quality palliative care, resulting in inappropriate transfers of dying residents to acute care facilities. Needs-based palliative care pathways are being used increasingly to direct care in a variety of healthcare environments. What does this paper add? Provides the first evidence in Australia that a residential aged care end-of-life care pathway (RAC EoLCP) improves outcomes of care for dying residents and results in fewer residents being inappropriately transferred to acute care facilities. What are the implications for practitioners? Use of the RAC EoLCP will improve resident and health system outcomes by guiding the delivery of high quality palliative care and improving the palliative care capacity of generalist health providers.

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Lee, Bethany R., and J. Curtis McMillen. "Pathways Forward for Embracing Evidence-Based Practice in Group Care Settings." Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 25, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063426616688210.

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Evidence-based practices are often discussed but less easily implemented. Almost all the existing manualized, diagnostic-specific evidence-based practices were neither designed for nor tested in residential programs. However, a recent survey of group care providers found great interest and some success in infusing evidence-based programs and practices in serving youth. This article described four possible pathways for group care programs to pursue to advance the use of evidence-based practices and programs. These examples include using the common elements approach, building a home-grown program and its evidence, adapting an existing manualized practice for a group care setting, and adapting a residential program to incorporate an evidence-based practice. An extended case study is provided to illustrate the process and potential challenges of creating an intervention and testing it in a group care setting.

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Blinn, M., S. Lautenbach, J. Grade, G. Lennartz, A. Fischer, D. Weiss, and T. Kötter. "HOW TO GROW? - MODELING LAND USE CHANGE TO DEVELOP SUSTAINABLE PATHWAYS FOR SETTLEMENT GROWTH IN THE HINTERLAND OF COLOGNE, GERMANY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W1-2022 (August 5, 2022): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w1-2022-67-2022.

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Abstract. Urban sprawl, with its negative consequences for nature and agriculture, is one of the great challenges of the 21st century. A particular problem is the strong population growth in metropolitan regions and the associated need for new residential areas. For the study area presented in this article, the western part of the Cologne metropolitan region, an increase of up to 200,000 inhabitants (30% of the population in 2040) is expected by 2040. If planning practices remain unchanged, this would result in a need for up to 4,460 hectares of new residential areas by 2040. Much of this development would take place at the edge of existing residential areas which frequently are of high value for agricultural production. To simulate different scenarios for the allocation of the necessary residential areas in the study area, a land use model was developed based on an open software stack. To evaluate the results of the simulations, a set of 20 indicators covering aspects of agriculture, ecology, housing and economy was used to assess both the sustainability and quality of possible new residential areas. In this article, two scenarios were used to show the effects of different building densities and the protection of particularly high-quality agricultural land. While the increase in building density is expected to reduce the area needed for new residential areas, the protection of high value agricultural land has negative effects on species protection. Using two species as examples, the limitations of an indicator-based assessment of the model results are shown.

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Karhula, Aleksi, Patricia McMullin, Elina Sutela, Sanna Ala-Mantila, and Hannu Ruonavaara. "Rural-Urban Migration Pathways and Residential Segregation in the Helsinki Region." Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 55 (January 11, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.96011.

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Migration and residential segregation are intrinsically linked. However, little attention has been given to internal migration and its relationship with socioeconomic segregation. In this study, we illustrate the pathways individuals take between rural and urban settings and examine the association between these pathways and segregation in the Helsinki region. We use register data from Statistics Finland and sequence analysis to illustrate the mobility patterns of two 1980s birth cohorts aged 7 to 37. The majority of Finnish rural-urban pathways are associated with either a childhood spent in an urban area or a move to an urban area in young adulthood. We show that an even larger majority of people living in Helsinki at age 37 spent their childhood there or in other urban environments. We find that internal migrants are positively selected for education and income. A childhood in the outer urban regions of a city reduces the probability of living in lowincome neighbourhoods when controlling for socioeconomic status and family structure. We found no association between rural childhood and living in poor neighbourhoods.

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Sulimani-Aidan, Yafit. "Assets and pathways in achieving future goals of residential care alumni." Children and Youth Services Review 89 (June 2018): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.04.023.

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Tischer, Christina, Mireia Gascon, Ana Fernández-Somoano, Adonina Tardón, Aitana Lertxundi Materola, Jesus Ibarluzea, Amparo Ferrero, et al. "Urban green and grey space in relation to respiratory health in children." European Respiratory Journal 49, no. 6 (June 2017): 1502112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02112-2015.

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We assessed the effect of three different indices of urban built environment on allergic and respiratory conditions.This study involved 2472 children participating in the ongoing INMA birth cohort located in two bio-geographic regions (Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean) in Spain. Residential surrounding built environment was characterised as 1) residential surrounding greenness based on satellite-derived normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), 2) residential proximity to green spaces and 3) residential surrounding greyness based on urban land use patterns. Information on wheezing, bronchitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis up to age 4 years was obtained from parent-completed questionnaires. Logistic regression and generalised estimating equation modelling were performed.Among children from the Euro-Siberian region, higher residential surrounding greenness and higher proximity to green spaces were negatively associated with wheezing. In the Mediterranean region, higher residential proximity to green spaces was associated with a reduced risk for bronchitis. A higher amount of residential surrounding greyness was found to increase the risk for bronchitis in this region.Associations between indices of urban residential greenness and greyness with respiratory diseases differ by region. The pathways underlying these associations require further exploration.

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Salim, Steven S., Stefan L. Luxembourg, Francesco Dalla Longa, and Bob van der Zwaan. "From Retrofitting to Renewables: Navigating Energy Transition Pathways for European Residential Space Heating." Energies 17, no. 10 (May 14, 2024): 2363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17102363.

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Transformative actions are crucial across all sectors emitting greenhouse gases. Nonetheless, energy transition research to date displays a notable imbalance, with a larger emphasis on the supply side than on the demand side. The present study addresses this inequity by focusing on residential sector space heating demand, a frequently overlooked energy service that currently contributes substantially to global greenhouse gas emissions. Our primary objective is to pinpoint effective climate policies and space heating strategies that align with the EU’s ambitious targets for emission reduction. We employ the recently developed TIMES-Europe model to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the residential sector’s policy frameworks, technological advancements, and associated costs. This analysis aims to determine the measures necessary to meet ambitious climate objectives within the European context. To achieve this, we formulate four distinct scenarios, each representing varying levels of ambition and collaboration among EU member states, thereby providing insight into the pathways toward achieving these targets. By implementing current intended EU policies on the renovation of dwellings, we project a substantial reduction of at most 850 PJ, or, i.e., a 19% decrease, in yearly energy demand for space heating between 2020 and 2050. In contrast, if the recent pace of dwelling renovation within the EU were to continue, space heating energy savings from renovation would only amount to less than 400 PJ/yr (i.e., a 9% reduction) in the same period. In our more ambitious climate scenarios, phasing out fossil fuels leads to widespread electrification of the European residential sector, and by 2050, electricity from heat pumps and electric boilers accounts for over 68% of the total residential sector space heating demand. The outcomes of our study underline the importance of implementing the currently planned EU policies. We also demonstrate the necessity for collaboration among EU member states in order to attain the common European climate targets under the most effective resource allocation.

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Johnson, Sonia, Brynmor Lloyd-Evans, Louise Howard, David P. J. Osborn, and Mike Slade. "Where next with residential alternatives to admission?" British Journal of Psychiatry 197, S53 (August 2010): s52—s54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.081125.

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SummaryThe quest for alternatives to traditional psychiatric wards has a long history but methodological difficulties have limited research into their benefits. Two UK studies suggest that community-based residential alternatives are valued by service users and may be cost-effective. Establishing and/or maintaining such services, where they function as an integrated component of local acute care pathways, is a justifiable decision. However, our findings do not provide compelling evidence that they should be seen as essential in every catchment area. Quality of therapeutic relationships appears central to service user experiences, and future research should explore how this may be improved in both hospital and community settings.

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Alshehri, Abeer, Patrick James, and AbuBakr Bahaj. "Pathways to the Large-Scale Adoption of Residential Photovoltaics in Saudi Arabia." Energies 17, no. 13 (June 28, 2024): 3180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17133180.

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This survey of predominantly middle–high-income owner-occupier households in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) assessed household perspectives to residential photovoltaics (PVs) (n = 268). Higher-income households were statistically more likely to (i) accept financial payback times of more than 12 months for the CAPEX cost of a PV system, and (ii) be prepared to contribute up to SAR 10,000 (USD 2666) towards the CAPEX cost of a system. A multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that a high household education level and the dwelling tenure (owner) are key variables that positively influence PV acceptability. Median apartment and villa households in this survey had annual electricity demands of 22,969 kWh and 48,356 kWh, respectively. The available roof area per apartment and villa was assessed, considering parapet shading and roof furniture limitations (the presence of AC units, etc.), at 20 m2 and 75 m2, respectively. This would accommodate either a 4 kWp apartment system or a 10 kWp villa system mounted horizontally. Time-of-use tariffs or grant subsidies towards the cost of a PV system will be required to enable the surveyed households to meet their stated economic conditions for purchasing a PV system. This indicates that PV policies in KSA will need to be adapted to encourage the uptake of PVs.

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Sasso, Francesco, and Martin K. Patel. "Thermal performance of residential and non-residential sectors: describing differences and understanding underlying reasons." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, no. 2 (November 1, 2023): 022003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/2/022003.

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Abstract This paper presents a comparative analysis of thermal performance and heating demand for selected residential (single-family houses, SFHs and multi-family houses, MFHs) and non-residential sectors (Offices and Schools). The thermal performance and space heating demand of the Swiss building stock were analysed by a bottom-up element-based archetypal model. SFHs are characterised by the best envelope thermal performance (average envelope U-value = 0.62 W/(m2K)), followed by MFH (0.73 W/(m2K)), Schools (0.75 W/(m2K)), and Offices (0.84 W/(m2K). Results show significant differences regarding architectural features between building sectors: SFHs are characterised by the highest envelope factor (median value = 2.00), defined as the ratio between external surfaces and heated area, followed by Schools (1.50), MFH (1.30), and Offices (1.25). As a consequence of the above-mentioned differences, SFHs show higher specific final energy demand for space heating (on average 148 kWh/(m2year)), followed by Schools (117 kWh/(m2year)), Offices (100 kWh/(m2year)), and MFH (93 kWh/(m2year)). Moreover, a high potential for decarbonisation of heating systems in the Swiss building stock was identified: more than 70% of the ERA is heated by fossil fuel-based heating systems, with some differences amongst the studied sectors. This analysis serves as an important starting point to examine possible retrofit pathways and policies across sectors.

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Anabitarte, Asier, Mikel Subiza-Pérez, Jesús Ibarluzea, Kepa Azkona, Gonzalo García-Baquero, Carme Miralles-Guasch, Jon Irazusta, Kristina W. Whitworth, Guillem Vich, and Aitana Lertxundi. "Testing the Multiple Pathways of Residential Greenness to Pregnancy Outcomes Model in a Sample of Pregnant Women in the Metropolitan Area of Donostia-San Sebastián." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 4520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124520.

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Residential greenness may positively impact diverse human health indicators through the reduction of air pollution, the improvement of psychological health, and the promotion of physical activity. Previous studies indicate a weak but positive association with pregnancy outcomes. Our aim was to test the multiple pathways from residential greenness to pregnancy outcomes model, using residential NO2 concentrations, psychological health, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the first trimester of pregnancy, in a sample of 440 pregnant women residing in Donostia, Spain. Three metrics of residential greenness were calculated around each participant’s home address: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within 300 m, and green space (>5000 m2) availability within 300 and 500 m. Residential NO2 concentrations, psychological health, and MVPA were explored as mediators of the associations between these metrics and the following pregnancy outcomes: birth weight (BW), low birth weight (LBW), prematurity, small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). Educational attainment, parity, and body mass index (BMI) were treated as covariates. Counterfactual mediation analyses showed very low to null statistical support for an association between any of the greenspace metrics and pregnancy outcomes in the full sample. Green space availability (300 m) was associated with lower BW and showed a marginal protective effect against LGA.

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Graham, Yikita, Sarah Keith, Maria Freeman, Ken Haggerty, Kathryn Dimmock, and Catherine Hayes. "Optimising working practices in nursing and residential care settings: an evaluation of a hospital transfer pathway." Nursing and Residential Care 22, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2020.22.1.22.

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Patient care transfer pathways in the context of nursing and residential care settings remain a challenge. Researchers from the University of Sunderland provide insight into a scheme designed to streamline this process, encouraging collaboration between patients, their families and carers

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Trabucchi, Andrea, Lidia Premoli Vilà, Marco Borgarello, and Giorgio Besagni. "Assessing the Impact on Grid Infrastructure of Electrification Pathways for the Italian Residential Sector." Electricity 2, no. 1 (February 3, 2021): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity2010003.

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To achieve the decarbonization objectives described in the Paris Agreement, thermal appliances’ electrification is considered an essential factor. Unfortunately, the substitution of thermal appliances with electric alternatives will inevitably increase the load on the national electric system; thus, it is crucial to perform analyses to assess these policies’ impact. This paper, using as a reference the electrification pathways studied by Besagni et al. employing the MOIRAE (bottom-up MOdel to compute the energy consumption of the Italian REsidential sector) model, calculates the energy and power increase in the residential sector in 2030 due to the substitution of different thermal appliances and discusses potential policies to take into account the effect of their implementation on the Italian electric system. Even if the current generation capacity can sustain the electrification process without problems, investments will be needed to limit the possibility of congestions on transmission lines connecting the country’s northern and southern parts.

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López-Gálvez, Wagoner, Quirós-Alcalá, Horne, Furlong, Avila, and Beamer. "Systematic Literature Review of the Take-Home Route of Pesticide Exposure via Biomonitoring and Environmental Monitoring." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122177.

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Background: Exposure to pesticides via take-home can be an important pathway for farmworkers' families. Objective: The aim of this review was to summarize and analyze the literature published during the last decade of exposure to pesticides via take-home pathway in farmworkers' families. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to identify peer-reviewed articles of interest; only articles related to take-home pathway that included some sort of pesticide monitoring were considered for inclusion. Systematic reviews, literature reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded, resulting in a total of 39 articles elected for analysis. The articles were summarized based on the location of the study, population (sample size), pesticide analyzed, and type of sample. Results: The majority of the reviewed studies were conducted in the U.S., but there seems to be an increase in literature on pesticide take-home pathway in developing countries. Most of the articles provided evidence that farmworkers’ families are exposed to pesticides at higher levels than non-farmworkers’ families. The levels may depend on several factors such as seasonality, parental occupation, cohabitation with a farmworker, behavior at work/home, age, and gender. Community-based interventions disrupting the take-home pathway seem to be effective at reducing pesticide exposure. Discussion/Conclusion: The take-home pathway is an important contributor to overall residential exposures, but other pathways such as pesticide drift, indoor-residential applications, and dietary intake need to be considered. A more comprehensive exposure assessment approach is necessary to better understand exposures to pesticides.

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McLeod, Robert S., Michael Swainson, Christina J. Hopfe, Kostas Mourkos, and Chris Goodier. "The importance of infiltration pathways in assessing and modelling overheating risks in multi-residential buildings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624420906765.

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With the help of building diagnostics, the causes and solutions to complex problems in buildings can be determined. In central and greater London, an increasing number of cases of chronic, year-round, overheating in buildings have been reported. We present three cases of unexpected temperatures in multi-storey residential buildings. Detailed analysis and modelling of these scenarios have led to an investigation of whether the way in which infiltration is currently modelled in building performance simulation may be exerting a pronounced effect on the results of overheating studies. An EnergyPlus model, of one of the dwellings in a multi-residential building in London, was created to investigate the influence of infiltration and exfiltration pathway assumptions on the prediction of overheating. The simulation results were compared to empirical data and show that the predicted indoor temperatures are highly sensitive to how the infiltration airflow network is modelled. The findings of this study have been used to provide practical guidance for modellers and building designers on critical aspects to consider when creating building performance simulation models to ensure more reliable outcomes. Overheating in buildings is an emerging topic of critical importance to the future of the built environment. The importance of understanding infiltration pathways in assessing and modelling overheating risks in flats and multi-residential buildings has been hitherto underestimated or simply ignored. In this paper, examples are given which highlight the need for a fuller understanding of internal air movement where accurate predictions of internal temperatures are required. At present, common building simulation practices and existing technical memorandum (TM) standards are masking the problem and do not provide a basis from which typical or worst-case scenarios can be adequately considered.

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Gosselin, Anne, Annabel Desgrées du Loû, and Eva Lelièvre. "How to use sequence analysis for life course epidemiology? An example on HIV-positive Sub-Saharan migrants in France." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 6 (February 2, 2018): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209739.

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BackgroundLife course epidemiology is now an established field in social epidemiology; in sociodemography, the quantitative analysis of biographies recently experienced significant trend from event history analysis to sequence analysis. The purpose of this article is to introduce and adapt this methodology to a social epidemiology question, taking the example of the impact of HIV diagnosis on Sub-Saharan migrants’ residential trajectories in the Paris region.MethodsThe sample consists of 640 migrants born in Sub-Saharan Africa receiving HIV care. They were interviewed in healthcare facilities in the Paris region within the PARCOURS project, conducted from 2012 to 2013, using life event history calendars, which recorded year by year their health, family and residential histories. We introduce a two-step methodological approach consisting of (1) sequence analysis by optimal matching to build a typology of migrants’ residential pathways before and after diagnosis, and (2) a Cox model of the probability to experience changes in the residential situation.ResultsThe seven-clusters typology shows that for a majority, the HIV diagnosis did not entail changes in residential situation. However 30% of the migrants experienced a change in their residential situation at time of diagnosis. The Cox model analysis reveals that this residential change was in fact moving in with one’s partner (HR 2.99, P<0.000) rather than network rejection.ConclusionThis original combination of sequence analysis and Cox models is a powerful process that could be applied to other themes and constitutes a new approach in the life course epidemiology toolbox.Trial registration numberNCT02566148.

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Ferreira, Daniela, and Ariana Cosme. "Os percursos escolares das crianças e jovens em acolhimento residencial na escola pública portuguesa." education policy analysis archives 29 (June 21, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.29.5530.

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By principles established in LBSE, the Portuguese public school commits itself to ensure the inclusion of all children and youth; however, when we look at the pathways of those in residential care, under measures of promotion and protection, we realize that this is one of the most vulnerable populations in education. The data analysis of their school pathways presents conceptual problems arising from the organization of age groups. Through the collection of data about the school pathways of children and youth in residential care who receive basic education from three groups of schools in Portugal, we seek to understand information about school success and failure. Based on an interpretative phenomenological paradigm, this study portrays one of the most problematic situations of the Portuguese educational system. When comparing school failure rates of these children and youth with Portuguese national rates, we realize that the failure rate in the first cycle is 13 times higher, the second cycle is 11 times higher, and the third cycle is six times higher than the national average. We conclude that it is urgent to think about education policies in which inclusion, in addition to being a technical-pedagogical issue, is assumed as an ethical imperative.

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Goldscheider, Frances K., and Julie DaVanzo. "Pathways to Independent Living in Early Adulthood: Marriage, Semiautonomy, and Premarital Residential Independence." Demography 26, no. 4 (November 1989): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2061260.

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Lopez, M., and J. F. del Valle. "The Waiting Children: Pathways (and Future) of Children in Long-Term Residential Care." British Journal of Social Work 45, no. 2 (October 7, 2013): 457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bct130.

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Jumiati, Jumiati, Putranty Widha Nugraheni, and Yulisa Fitrianingsih. "Carbon Absorbing Vegetation and Enhancement of Ecosystem Benefits on Residential Environment." Volume 6 No.1. March 2022 6, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v6i1.5114.

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With the increase in population, mainly in urban sprawls, the available vegetation decreases due to land conversion into the residential area. At the same time, the rise in population is proportional to the increase in air pollution, which is characterized by the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) problems. However, naturally, vegetation can absorb greenhouse gas emissions as a component in the photosynthesis process. Increasing space for housing is balanced with spatial regulations for the use of built-up land so that some of the carbon emissions from daily activities are reduced. Based on the research, there is still a difference between carbon absorption and carbon emissions; therefore, increasing the amount of vegetation as a Green Open Space (GOS) needs to be maximized based on the number and type of plants. The air pollution problem is attempted to be done naturally so that the ecosystem will naturally reduce the existing pollutants. The Community Service (CS) stages starting from land preparation, seed preparation, pathway construction, monitoring plantation, can be a solution to answer the problems of city dwellers on a housing scale. The overall implementation of the community services has gone well, such as constructing access pathways, planting trees and flower plants, and using land for public housing facilities into parks. The environment will be safer from wild and dangerous animals to create a better environment.

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Szcześniak, Dorota, Rose-Marie Dröes, Franka Meiland, Dawn Brooker, Elisabetta Farina, Rabih Chattat, Shirley B. Evans, et al. "Does the community-based combined Meeting Center Support Programme (MCSP) make the pathway to day-care activities easier for people living with dementia? A comparison before and after implementation of MCSP in three European countries." International Psychogeriatrics 30, no. 11 (February 13, 2018): 1717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217002885.

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ABSTRACTBackground:The “pathway to care” concept offers a helpful framework for preparing national dementia plans and strategies and provides a structure to explore the availability and accessibility of timely and effective care for people with dementia and support for their informal carers. Within the framework of the JPND-MEETINGDEM implementation project the pathways to regular day-care activities and the Meeting Centers Support Programme (MCSP), an innovative combined support form for people with dementia and carers, was explored.Methods:An exploratory, descriptive, qualitative, cross-country design was applied to investigate the pathways to day care in several regions in four European countries (Italy, Poland, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands).Results:Before implementation of MCSP, of the four countries the United Kingdom had the most structured pathway to post-diagnostic support for people with dementia. MCSP introduction had a positive impact on the pathways to day-care activities in all countries. MCSP filled an important gap in post-diagnostic care, increasing the accessibility to support for both people with dementia and carers. Key elements such as program of activities, target group, and collaboration between healthcare and social services were recognized as success factors.Conclusions:This study shows that MCSP fills (part of) the gap between diagnosis and residential care and can therefore be seen as a pillar of post-diagnostic care and support. Further dissemination of Meeting Centers in Europe may have a multiple impact on the structure of dementia services in European countries and the pathways to day care for people with dementia and their carer(s).

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Duan, Haiyan, Shipei Zhang, Siying Duan, Weicheng Zhang, Zhiyuan Duan, Shuo Wang, Junnian Song, and Xian’en Wang. "Carbon Emissions Peak Prediction and the Reduction Pathway in Buildings during Operation in Jilin Province Based on LEAP." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 4540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174540.

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The building sector has gradually become a major contributor of carbon emissions in recent years. Its carbon emissions, which result from the long heating period and considerable consumption of coal in residential buildings during operation, must be reduced. To this end, the long-range energy alternatives planning system was adopted for the forecasting of carbon emissions in baseline scenarios, energy-saving, energy-saving–low-carbon, and low-carbon. On the basis of these predictions, the contributions of heating, cooling, cooking, illumination, washing, and other activities to carbon emissions were analyzed. The influencing factors in the reduction of carbon emissions from residential buildings in a cold region were identified. The results showed that energy-saving–low-carbon was the optimal scenario to reduce carbon emissions. Meanwhile, carbon emissions will peak in 2030, with a value of 42.06 Mt under the same scenario. As the top three influencing factors, heating, cooling, and cooking contribute 55.74%, 18.86%, and 17.29% of carbon emissions, respectively. Sensitivity results showed the differential effects of 32 factors on the reduction of carbon emissions in residential buildings. Carbon emissions could be reduced by 17.41%, 35.51%, 31.10%, and 14.10% by controlling the building scale, heating, cooling, and cooking, respectively. To this end, seven factors, including the rationing of central heating, were identified. Then, pathways to reducing carbon emissions were proposed under different scenarios. The present research fills the gap between reality and the predicted pathway, considering the heterogeneity of the climate.

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Furstenberg, Anne-Linda. "Trajectories Of Aging: Imagined Pathways In Later Life." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 55, no. 1 (July 2002): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3h62-78vr-6d9d-plmh.

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The model of aging that people construct influences interpretations of and responses to actual situations when they occur, as well as preparatory actions that people take. Thus the question of what people foresee for themselves and the process by which they construct and revise this subjective aging trajectory has implications for such issues as health behavior, retirement planning, migration and residential moves, and advance directives, as well as for overall well-being in old age. This exploratory, hypothesis-generating study found that informants referred frequently to the course of aging and the events they envisioned in their own futures. The analysis delineates 1) types of events that older people see as part of aging in general and their own aging in particular, 2) factors and processes that enter into the construction of the subjective trajectory of aging, and 3) feeling and behavioral responses to the imagined future.

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Corley, Connie, Maureen Feldman, and Scott Kaiser. "PATHWAYS TO RESILIENCE: TRANSFORMING TRAUMA THROUGH THE POWER OF NETWORKS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2958.

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Abstract Resilience has been examined in various age groups, initially focused on vulnerable children and more recently in enhancement of resilience in various age groups and in response to trauma. Based on studies of resilience in Holocaust survivors and intergenerational engagement to promote resilience in former gang members and isolated older adults, Corley’s 3E model of Experience, Expression and Engagement is discussed in terms of multiple studies and the implications for forming and strengthening networks in communities at risk. This includes initiating creative coalition-building endeavors to address loneliness in residential settings for older adults evolving from a project funded to the Motion Picture and Television Fund in Los Angeles from the AARP Foundation.

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Dzhambov, Angel M., Iana Markevych, Boris Tilov, Zlatoslav Arabadzhiev, Drozdstoj Stoyanov, Penka Gatseva, and Donka D. Dimitrova. "Pathways linking residential noise and air pollution to mental ill-health in young adults." Environmental Research 166 (October 2018): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.031.

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Besagni, Giorgio, Lidia Premoli Vilà, Marco Borgarello, Andrea Trabucchi, Marco Merlo, Jacopo Rodeschini, and Francesco Finazzi. "Electrification pathways of the Italian residential sector under socio-demographic constrains: Looking towards 2040." Energy 217 (February 2021): 119438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119438.

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Calvillo, Christian F., Antonios Katris, Oluwafisayo Alabi, Jamie Stewart, Long Zhou, and Karen Turner. "Technology pathways, efficiency gains and price implications of decarbonising residential heat in the UK." Energy Strategy Reviews 48 (July 2023): 101113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2023.101113.

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Jaffe, Yitzchak, Anke Hein, Andrew Womack, Katherine Brunson, Jade d’Alpoim Guedes, Rongzhen Guo, Jing Zhou, et al. "Complex Pathways Towards Emergent Pastoral Settlements: New Research on the Bronze Age Xindian Culture of Northwest China." Journal of World Prehistory 34, no. 4 (December 2021): 595–647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10963-021-09160-w.

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AbstractThe Xindian culture of northwest China has been seen as a prototypical example of a transition toward pastoralism, resulting in part from environmental changes that started around 4000 years ago. To date, there has been little available residential data to document how and whether subsistence strategies and community organization in northwest China changed following or in association with documented environmental changes. The Tao River Archaeology Project is a collaborative effort aimed at gathering robust archaeological information to solidify our baseline understanding of economic, technological, and social practices in the third through early first millennia BC. Here we present data from two Xindian culture residential sites, and propose that rather than a total transition to nomadic pastoralism—as it is often reconstructed—the Xindian culture reflects a prolonged period of complex transition in cultural traditions and subsistence practices. In fact, communities maintained elements of earlier cultivation and animal-foddering systems, selectively incorporating new plants and animals into their repertoire. These locally-specific strategies were employed to negotiate ever-changing environmental and social conditions in the region of developing ‘proto-Silk Road’ interregional interactions.

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Sadraei, Rosa, Puru Pathy, and Michael Collins. "Survey to evaluate care of complex clients in residential setting." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.577.

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AimsDelivering a new efficient assessment and shorter term secondary mental Health intervention service for individual sectorsBackgroundIn November 2015, there was a transition to services with the focus on delivering more efficient service to clientsPreviously we had been a combined sector Service. This transition, a reduction in resources and a move away from delivering care Through specialist mental health teams created from the national service framework - such as Assertive outreach, early intervention in psychosis and community rehabilitation - to a more Streamlined generic service, catering for these differing groups of people using a “Pathways Model” approachResultAcross the two sectors we had 47 clients on CPA Pathway living in 24 hour residential Settings who all had a current care coordinator.These 47 clients represented the workload currently of 2.8 FTE Band 6 care coordinators.There were at Origin, 13 Residential/Nursing/Secure 24 Hour care providers, where clients were residing.However of these 90% of residents lived in one of 5 settings, 3 settings in Ashfield and 2 in Mansfield.Over 50% of individuals residing did not have existing connections with Mansfield or Ashfield before being placed into the area.18 Clients (%38) were under section of the mental health act and 1client (%2) was on a life-Licence from criminal justice.ConclusionTransfer of CPA Care Coordination ProtocolTo send paper referral to our Single Point of Access Meeting at the listed address at the earliest point relocation/placement is confirmed.Formal handover meeting for care will be coordinated, not sooner than 3 months after the placement commences. It will be expected that services currently involved in provision of service continue to hold care responsibility in the interim period.As we move to a paperless environment, provision of electronic documentation such has previous CPA documents, Risk assessments, social circumstance reports & Discharge summaries, would be greatly appreciated

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Zhang, Zixuan, Junchen Pan, and Yun Qian. "Collaborative Governance for Participatory Regeneration Practices in Old Residential Communities within the Chinese Context: Cases from Beijing." Land 12, no. 7 (July 16, 2023): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071427.

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The regeneration of old residential communities in China is one of the most important tasks in urban renewal. In recent years, distinctive models and pathways have emerged in the emerging practice of participatory community regeneration, all of which can be seen as applications of collaborative governance theory at the community level. Collaborative governance is considered an effective way to achieve multiple goals in urban regeneration, but there has been relatively little research on collaborative governance in small-scale regeneration projects. This paper summarizes three nuanced pathways in the collaborative governance model through case studies, which are led by different initiators, resulting in collaborative models, rights dynamics, and implementation pathways that are applicable to different scenarios, effectively resolving community conflicts and producing sustainable practical results. This study compares how the three models achieve their respective objectives in participatory regeneration projects by coordinating the different stakeholder participation processes. These three models complement and extend international experience and will provide a vivid Chinese example for other developing countries around the world.

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Yang, Xin, Yifei Sima, Yabo Lv, and Mingwei Li. "Research on Influencing Factors of Residential Building Carbon Emissions and Carbon Peak: A Case of Henan Province in China." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 28, 2023): 10243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310243.

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Buildings are considered to have significant emission reduction potential. Residential building carbon emissions, as the most significant type of building-related carbon emissions, represent a crucial factor in achieving both carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets for China. Based on carbon emission data from Henan Province, a large province located in central China, between 2010 and 2020, this study employed the Kaya-LMDI decomposition method to analyze seven driving factors of carbon emission evolution, encompassing energy, population, and income, and assessed the historical reduction in CO2 emissions from residential buildings. Then, by integrating Kaya identity static analysis with Monte Carlo dynamic simulation, various scenarios were established to infer the future evolution trend, peak time, and potential for carbon emission reduction in residential buildings. The analysis results are as follows: (1) The carbon emissions of residential buildings in Henan exhibited a rising trend from 2010 to 2020, albeit with a decelerating growth rate. (2) Per capita household disposable income is the main driving factor for the increase in carbon emissions, but the household housing purchase index inhibits most of the growth of carbon emissions for the residential buildings in Henan, with the total carbon emission reduction of residential buildings reaches 106.42 million tons of CO2 during the research period. (3) During the period from 2020 to 2050, residential buildings in Henan Province will exhibit an “inverted U-shaped” trend in carbon emissions under the three static scenarios. The base scenario predicts that carbon emissions will reach their peak of 131.66 million tons in 2036, while the low-carbon scenario forecasts a peak of 998.8 million tons in 2030 and the high-carbon scenario projects a peak of 138.65 million tonnes in 2041. (4) Under the dynamic simulation scenario, it is anticipated that residential buildings in Henan Province will reach their carbon peak in 2036 ± 3 years, with a corresponding carbon emission of 155.34 million tons. This study can serve as a valuable reference for the future development of low-carbon pathways within the building sector.

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Conway, Laura. "93 A Multidisciplinary Approach to Restrictive Interventions in Residential Care." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (September 2019): iii17—iii65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz103.55.

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Abstract Background A residential service in Dublin is home to 100 older persons with wide-ranging, complex care requirements. Traditionally restrictive interventions (RI) for residents in the setting were the decision of the Nursing/Medical team. Evidence based best practice stipulates that RI must be supported by a systematic and collaborative assessment between the resident, their family/representative and members of the multi-disciplinary team (MDT). Thus, the MDT identified a need for a change in practice in respect of RI and to facilitate formal MDT discussions regarding the assessment, introduction and review of RI for individual residents. Methods A Restrictive Interventions Working Group (RIWG) was set up to facilitate an overall change in practice in respect of RI. The working group developed pathways for planned/emergency RI with particular focus on the development of a Planned RI form to guide MDT discussion. The pathways were implemented across the service. The RIWG drafted a new RI Policy to reflect the changes in practice, followed by education sessions facilitated by Occupational Therapy and Practice Support. Feedback was sought after each education session. Results The project was launched on August 1st 2018. Sixteen Planned RI Forms were presented to MDT from August 2018 to February 2019. Seven of those restrictions were discontinued following MDT discussion. 43% reduction in mechanical RI and a 54% reduction in PRN psychotropic prescription between August and December 2018. Staff reported the education sessions as being `very informative', `relevant to the setting', `allowed us to think about the key issues we face in our day to day work' and `improved my understanding of RI and the best practice approach'. Conclusion An MDT forum for discussing RI provides improved governance over the introduction, review and discontinuation of RI. Further education in respect of RI, management of responsive behaviours and staff competency assessment will further improve practice, with the goal of achieving a RI free home.

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Xing, Li, Jiarui Wu, Miriam Elser, Shengrui Tong, Suixin Liu, Xia Li, Lang Liu, et al. "Wintertime secondary organic aerosol formation in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH): contributions of HONO sources and heterogeneous reactions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 4 (February 22, 2019): 2343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2343-2019.

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Abstract. Organic aerosol (OA) concentrations are simulated over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region from 9 to 26 January 2014 using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-CHEM), with the goal of examining the impact of heterogeneous HONO sources on SOA formation and SOA formation from different pathways during wintertime haze days. The model generally shows good performance with respect to simulating air pollutants and organic aerosols against measurements in BTH. Model results show that heterogeneous HONO sources substantially enhance near-surface SOA formation, increasing the regional average near-surface SOA concentration by about 46.3 % during the episode. Oxidation and partitioning of primary organic aerosols treated as semi-volatile dominate SOA formation, contributing 58.9 % of the near-surface SOA mass in BTH. Irreversible uptake of glyoxal and methylglyoxal on aerosol surfaces constitutes the second most important SOA formation pathway during the episode, with the SOA contribution increasing from 8.5 % under non-haze conditions to 30.2 % under haze conditions. Additionally, direct emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from residential sources contribute about 25.5 % of the total SOA mass on average in BTH. Our study highlights the importance of heterogeneous HONO sources and primary residential emissions of glyoxal and methylglyoxal to SOA formation over the BTH region in winter.

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Meehan, Tom, Terry Stedman, Stephen Parker, Bretine Curtis, and Donna Jones. "Comparing clinical and demographic characteristics of people with mental illness in hospital- and community-based residential rehabilitation units in Queensland." Australian Health Review 41, no. 2 (2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15207.

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Objective The aim of the present study was to examine care pathways and characteristics of mental health consumers participating in both hospital- and community-based residential rehabilitation programs. Methods An audit of consumers (n = 240) in all publicly funded residential rehabilitation units in Queensland was performed on the same day in 2013. Data collection focused on demographic characteristics, clinical information and measures of consumer functioning. Results Significant differences emerged for consumers in community- and hospital-based services with regard to age, length of stay, functioning, Mental Health Act status, guardianship status, family contact and risk of violence. Consumers in hospital-based programs have more severe and complex problems. Conclusions Consumers in residential rehabilitation units have high levels of disability, poor physical health and high levels of vulnerability. Nonetheless, it is likely that a sizeable proportion of consumers occupying rehabilitation beds in Queensland could be discharged if more ‘step-down’ options to move patients on were available. What is known about the topic? A small subgroup of people with severe and complex mental health problems is likely to require time in a residential rehabilitation program. This group is characterised by failure to respond to treatment, severe negative symptoms and some degree of cognitive impairment. What does this paper add? Patients currently occupying residential rehabilitation beds in Queensland have high levels of disability, poor physical health and high levels of vulnerability. Patients in hospital-based programs are more severely disabled than those in community-based programs. What are the implications for practitioners? It is likely that a sizeable proportion of patients occupying rehabilitation beds in Queensland could be discharged if more ‘step-down’ options were available. Future planning initiatives need to focus on developing a greater array of community support options to facilitate the discharge of people from residential services.

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Park, Su-Kyoung, and Jeong-Min Moon. "A Design Study of the 'Pathways' According to the Characteristics of the Deteriorated Residential Area." Journal of the Korean housing association 26, no. 2 (April 25, 2015): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.6107/jkha.2015.26.2.039.

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Kucheva, Yana. "What Would It Take to Desegregate U.S. Metropolitan Areas? Pathways to Residential Desegregation by Race." Demography 59, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 433–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9737156.

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Abstract Patterns of household mobility across neighborhoods reproduce patterns of racial segregation at the metropolitan level. Substantial literature across the social sciences has explored the scale and predictors of household mobility as well as changes in metropolitan residential segregation over time. This study unifies these two strands of inquiry by connecting the sorting of households across neighborhoods to aggregate changes in segregation levels. Using discrete choice models of intrametropolitan mobility and restricted decennial census and American Community Survey data for 1960–2014, I model the correlates of household mobility and identify the counterfactual scenarios under which lower segregation levels can be achieved. The results show that even though the mobility flows of the White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations across census tracts have become more similar over time, U.S. metropolitan areas are far from experiencing large drops in segregation.

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Dzhambov, Angel M., Iana Markevych, Boris Tilov, Zlatoslav Arabadzhiev, Drozdstoj Stoyanov, Penka Gatseva, and Donka D. Dimitrova. "Lower Noise Annoyance Associated with GIS-Derived Greenspace: Pathways through Perceived Greenspace and Residential Noise." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7 (July 19, 2018): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071533.

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Growing amounts of evidence support an association between self-reported greenspace near the home and lower noise annoyance; however, objectively defined greenspace has rarely been considered. In the present study, we tested the association between objective measures of greenspace and noise annoyance, with a focus on underpinning pathways through noise level and perceived greenspace. We sampled 720 students aged 18 to 35 years from the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Objective greenspace was defined by several Geographic Information System (GIS)-derived metrics: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), tree cover density, percentage of green space in circular buffers of 100, 300 and 500 m, and the Euclidean distance to the nearest structured green space. Perceived greenspace was defined by the mean of responses to five items asking about its quantity, accessibility, visibility, usage, and quality. We assessed noise annoyance due to transportation and other neighborhood noise sources and daytime noise level (Lday) at the residence. Tests of the parallel mediation models showed that higher NDVI and percentage of green space in all buffers were associated with lower noise annoyance, whereas for higher tree cover this association was observed only in the 100 m buffer zone. In addition, the effects of NDVI and percentage of green space were mediated by higher perceived greenspace and lower Lday. In the case of tree cover, only perceived greenspace was a mediator. Our findings suggest that the potential for greenspace to reduce noise annoyance extends beyond noise abatement. Applying a combination of GIS-derived and perceptual measures should enable researchers to better tap individuals’ experience of residential greenspace and noise.

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