Дисертації з теми "Réseaux virtuels et slicing"
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Elkael, Maxime. "Reinforcement learning and optimization for energy efficient 5G slicing with Quality of Service guarantees." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAS015.
This thesis addresses resource allocation problems in 5G networks. Our objective is to leverage network slicing (e.g. the set of techniques based on virtualization and network softwarization which allows the network operator to provide different amounts of resources to different tenants) in order to to improve the energy-efficiency and resource consumption of 5G networks, while guaranteeing Quality of Service constraints. To do so, we formulate and solve optimization problems at the different domains of the network: We are first concerned with the placement of slices in the core network. To solve the problem, a new approach combining Monte Carlo Search and Neighborhood Search is formulated. We show it accepts more core slices than state-of-the-art approaches for the core network placement problem. Then we shift the focus to energy efficiency in resource allocation in 5G networks shared between Physical Network Operators (PNOs) and Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs). This framework jointly considers software component placement, user request routing, and resource dimensioning while meeting Service Level Agreements (SLAs) based on latency and reliability constraints. Through Column Generation, we obtain exact solutions, demonstrating energy savings of up to 50% in real networks compared to existing placement or resource minimization algorithms. Finally, we delve into the realm of energy optimization in Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) networks, a key component of dense 5G deployments. Leveraging the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) framework, our model minimizes active IAB nodes while ensuring a minimum capacity for User Equipment (UE). Formulated as a binary nonlinear program, this approach reduces RAN energy consumption by 47%, while maintaining Quality-Of-Service for UEs. Overall, this thesis provides novel algorithms for improving resource and energy efficiency of 5G network slicing. Such improvement is studied in different parts of the network, from the core up to the access network
Arora, Sagar. "Cloud Native Network Slice Orchestration in 5G and Beyond." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS278.
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is the founding pillar of 5G Service Based Architecture. It has the potential to revolutionize the future mobile communication generations. NFV started long back in 2012 with Virtual-Machine (VM) based Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). The use of VMs raised multiple questions because of the compatibility issues between VM hypervisors and their high resource consumption. This made containers to be an alternative network function packaging technology. The lightweight design of containers improves their instantiation time and resource footprints. Apart from network functions, containerization can be a promising enabler for Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) applications that provides a home to low-latency demanding services. Edge computing is one of the key technology of the last decade, enabling several emerging services beyond 5G (e.g., autonomous driving, robotic networks, Augmented Reality (AR)) requiring high availability and low latency communications. The resource scarcity at the edge of the network requires technologies that efficiently utilize computational, storage, and networking resources. Containers' low-resource footprints make them suitable for designing MEC applications. Containerization is meant to be used in the framework of cloud-native application design fundamentals, loosely coupled microservices-based architecture, on-demand scalability, and high resilience. The flexibility and agility of containers can certainly benefit 5G Network Slicing that highly relies on NFV and MEC. The concept of Network slicing allows the creation of isolated logical networks on top of the same physical network. A network slice can have dedicated network functions or its network functions can be shared among multiple slices. Indeed, network slice orchestration requires interaction with multiple technological domain orchestrators, access, transport, core network, and edge computing. The paradigm shift of using cloud-native application design principles has created challenges for legacy orchestration systems and the ETSI NFV and MEC standards. They were designed for handling virtual machine-based network functions, restricting them in their approach to managing a cloud-native network function. The thesis examines the existing standards of ETSI NFV, ETSI MEC, and network service/slice orchestrators. Aiming to overcome the challenges around multi-domain cloud-native network slice orchestration. To reach the goal, the thesis first proposes MEC Radio Network Information Service (RNIS) that can provide radio information at the subscriber level in an NFV environment. Second, it provides a Dynamic Resource Allocation and Placement (DRAP) algorithm to place cloud-native network services considering their cost and availability matrix. Third, by combining NFV, MEC, and Network Slicing, the thesis proposes a novel Lightweight edge Slice Orchestration framework to overcome the challenges around edge slice orchestration. Fourth, the proposed framework offers an edge slice deployment template that allows multiple possibilities for designing MEC applications. These possibilities were further studied to understand the impact of the microservice design architecture on application availability and latency. Finally, all this work is combined to propose a novel Cloud-native Lightweight Slice Orchestration (CLiSO) framework extending the previously proposed Lightweight edge Slice Orchestration (LeSO) framework. In addition, the framework offers a technology-agnostic and deployment-oriented network slice template. The framework has been thoroughly evaluated via orchestrating OpenAirInterface container network functions on public and private cloud platforms. The experimental results show that the framework has lower resource footprints than existing orchestrators and takes less time to orchestrate network slices
Li, Shuopeng. "Contribution à une instanciation efficace et robuste des réseaux virtuels sous diverses contraintes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD066/document.
Network virtualization allows to create logical or virtual networks on top of a shared physical or substrate network. The resource allocation problem is an important issue in network virtualization. It corresponds to a well known problem called virtual network embedding (VNE). VNE consists in mapping each virtual node to one substrate node and each virtual link to one or several substrate paths in a way that the objective is optimized and the constraints verified. The objective often corresponds to the optimization of the node computational resources and link bandwidth whereas the constraints generally include geographic location of nodes, CPU, bandwidth, etc. In the multi-domain context where the knowledge of routing information is incomplete, the optimization of node and link resources are difficult and often impossible to achieve. Moreover, to ensure service continuity even upon failure, VNE should cope with failures by selecting the best and resilient mappings. Inthisthesis,westudytheVNEresourceallocationproblemunderdifferentrequirements. To embed a virtual network on multi-domain substrate network, we propose a joint peering and intra domain link mapping method. With reduced and limited information disclosed by the domains, our downsizing algorithm maps the intra domain and peering links in the same stage so that the resource utilization is optimized. To enhance the reliability of virtual networks, we propose a failure avoidance approach that minimizes the failure probability of virtual networks. Exact and heuristic solutions are proposed and detailed for the infinite and limited bandwidth link models. Moreover, we combine the failure avoidance with the failure protection in our novel protection-level-aware survivable VNE in order to improve the reliability. With this last approach, the protectable then the less vulnerable links are first selected for link mapping. To determine the protectable links, we propose a maxflow based heuristic that checks for the existence of backup paths during the primary mapping stage. In case of insufficient backup resources, the failure probability is reduced
Stiti, Oussama. "Étude de l'Urbanisation des Accès Virtuels et Stratégie de Métamorphose de Réseaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066632/document.
Virtualization was originally introduced in networks to reduce maintenance and deployment costs. It has experienced tremendous growth and reshaped the landscape of IT and ITC networks. Virtualization permits the sharing of physical resources for instantiating isolated virtual machines despite the fact that it is drawing its resources from the same physical hardware. More recently NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) appeared, it allows to virtualize entire classes of network functions node in blocks that can connect to create communication services. In this thesis we virtualize the access network nodes, namely Wi-Fi access points. The Wi-Fi became one of the hot-topic technology for mobile operators, it allows them to offload some of the customers’ data traffic via hotspots. The problem that arises in such a mechanism is the existing wireless standards, and mobile devices connection management software have not been developed for this purpose. The Hotspot2.0 standard was created to overcome this limitation, by making the Wi-Fi experience similar to the cellular in terms of roaming, transparency and security. We have in our work, applied the concept of NFV by virtualizing these brand new Wi-Fi access points. One of the problems that we faced is the high security required by such standard, including the provisioning of client credentials in public areas. In our thesis we propose an innovative architecture for the repatriation of these credentials through NFC terminals. These same terminals will be used for access points’ urbanization by allowing users to create their own Wi-Fi virtual access point on the fly. The last aspect of this thesis is related to the management of virtualized entities changing communication patterns of legacy networks. In this context, SDN (Software Defined Network) emerged in data centers to redefine the way we think about networks, and is designed for virtualized environments. In this thesis we brought SDN to the edge of the network in our Wi-Fi virtual access points. More than a new paradigm of networks communications, we will see that NFV/SDN in Wi-Fi networks will in the near future make Wi-Fi networks more flexible, open and scalable
Stiti, Oussama. "Étude de l'Urbanisation des Accès Virtuels et Stratégie de Métamorphose de Réseaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066632.
Virtualization was originally introduced in networks to reduce maintenance and deployment costs. It has experienced tremendous growth and reshaped the landscape of IT and ITC networks. Virtualization permits the sharing of physical resources for instantiating isolated virtual machines despite the fact that it is drawing its resources from the same physical hardware. More recently NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) appeared, it allows to virtualize entire classes of network functions node in blocks that can connect to create communication services. In this thesis we virtualize the access network nodes, namely Wi-Fi access points. The Wi-Fi became one of the hot-topic technology for mobile operators, it allows them to offload some of the customers’ data traffic via hotspots. The problem that arises in such a mechanism is the existing wireless standards, and mobile devices connection management software have not been developed for this purpose. The Hotspot2.0 standard was created to overcome this limitation, by making the Wi-Fi experience similar to the cellular in terms of roaming, transparency and security. We have in our work, applied the concept of NFV by virtualizing these brand new Wi-Fi access points. One of the problems that we faced is the high security required by such standard, including the provisioning of client credentials in public areas. In our thesis we propose an innovative architecture for the repatriation of these credentials through NFC terminals. These same terminals will be used for access points’ urbanization by allowing users to create their own Wi-Fi virtual access point on the fly. The last aspect of this thesis is related to the management of virtualized entities changing communication patterns of legacy networks. In this context, SDN (Software Defined Network) emerged in data centers to redefine the way we think about networks, and is designed for virtualized environments. In this thesis we brought SDN to the edge of the network in our Wi-Fi virtual access points. More than a new paradigm of networks communications, we will see that NFV/SDN in Wi-Fi networks will in the near future make Wi-Fi networks more flexible, open and scalable
Ebilitigué, Ines. "Réseaux virtuels et commerces ethniques : une dynamique entre l’espace des flux et l’espace urbain." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100152/document.
This research deals with the future of the urban space in a context marked by the Technologies of Information and Communication (ICT). This subject is approached by the prism of the ethnic businesses situated in three localities, Parisian and regional. The outlook is focused on these places to understand why ICT are included in those spaces open to the public.Three hypotheses are suggested. First, The ICT are included in the businesses thanks to the commercial message diffused through the setting up of goods. Then, the networking of businesses can be explained by the need which the migrants have to maintain the links with their cultural origins and their family, lastly through the membership of the storekeepers in the community of the migrants.The methodology favors the methods of qualitative investigation coming from the anthropology and the micro-sociology. The empirical data allows a validation of the hypotheses. The analysis of those data underline first that, in the network society, urban places don’t disappear. Among them, the ethnic shops are areas of socialization of the virtual networks by placing them at the same level as the offers of the goods and the trade services. Then, the space produced by those businesses offers to the main clientele the possibility of preserving its anchoring in the urban places while being mobile and virtually mobile. By this last idea, this research shows that the ethnic business and ICT are articulated tools which the migrants and their family situated abroad know how to seize to allow an evolution of their daily situations and projects. This analysis gives possibility to considered migrants out terms of the digital divide, and as integrated into the networks society. This new figure of migrant has overtaken the situation of double presence in their origin country and to their family living there, to actually know situations of multiple presences in this country and to their relatives
Bourguiba, Manel. "Plateforme flexible et performante pour les routeurs virtuels sur une architecture multi-coeur." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066237.
Cloutier, Kayla. "L'entre-deux des jeunes migrants franco-ontariens : appartenances territoriales et réseaux sociaux virtuels." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26218.
Gréhant, Xavier. "Allocation efficace et non contraignante des ressources de grilles de calcul à l'aide d'environnements virtuels." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569373.
Computing grids aggregate computing centers that autonomously manage their own resources. Grid users are scientists that group into user collaborations according to their project or application. Every collaboration has its own resource requirements. An application that executes on a grid is divided in tasks. Resource allocation consists in mapping tasks to servers for their execution. Can grids efficiently orchestrate an allocation that involves multiple user collaborations and resource administrative domains with diverging interests? ln order to answer this question, we present a formai model that allows us to reason on resource allocations, an architectural design pattern that separates the responsibilities of the different parties, a software solution for its deployment, and two novel cache misses prediction techniques in order to help optimize allocation performance
Guittard, Claude. "Forums virtuels : source de création et de diffusion des connaissances et nouvelle organisation productive ?" Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/GUITTARD_Claude_2006.pdf.
Benchaib, Yacine. "Virtualisation de réseaux fixes et mobiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066653.
A significant number of experimental tools now allow the study of problems for fixed and mobile multi -hop networks. Based on a state of the art reporting different features and characteristics specific to different testing methods, this thesis aims to provide some assessment of these innovative experiments tools. Concerning the study of fixed networks , we propose and evaluate VIRCONEL , a tool for the definition of virtual network topologies as well as the realization of scenario under realistic conditions. For the study of mobile multi-hop networks , we first propose SILUMOD , a language that allows using specific keywords and operators to easily define characteristics of the movement of a mobile node. We then propose VIRMANEL , a tool for managing connections between mobile nodes represented by virtual machines, using an algorithm optimizing the update of effective links between mobile nodes. By combining SILUMOD and VIRMANEL , we obtain a tool to simulate the movement of a mobile node while evaluating and establishing potential connections between mobile nodes. Evaluations of these tools show that if virtualization is indeed a relevant and useful tool for network experiments , it also has its limitations and the realism of results depends on experimental conditions. We discuss this problem and propose at the end of this thesis , some criteria for assessing the degree of trust to give a result
Marvie, Jean-Eudes. "Visualisation Interactive d'Environnements Virtuels Complexes à travers des Réseaux et sur des Machines à Performances Variables." Rennes, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAR0011.
Solutions dedicated to remote visualisation of virtual environnements are multiple. They are most often dedicated to specific problems and the different architectures that are proposed are rarely used jointly. Our solution, Magellan, provides a framework as well as a generic distributed application that allows, thanks to a component approach, the integration of these solutions. It allows the user to develop freely, for its component, the streaming modes, the distributions of the states and execution schemas as well as the adaptive rendering mode. We then propose a streaming solution dedicated to remote visualisation of architectural and urban sceneries. We finally present two new local optimisations: the first one handles the adaptive management of progressive texture maps and the other one makes use of procedural geometric models to optimize the remote visualisation of large urban models
Bouville, Rozenn. "Interopérabilité des environnements virtuels 3 D : modèle de réconciliation des contenus et des composants logiciels." Rennes, INSA, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909107.
3D virtual environments are used in several domains and cover many usages from entertainment to learning through computer-aided design for industrials. Even if they grow in number each year, a remaining problem impedes their adoption and distribution. It is indeed very difficult to import data into a virtual environment other than the one it has been designed for. This situation leads to several other problems that impede the creation of new virtual environment, increase their production cost and restrict user access. Here, we present a solution that proposes reconciliation of existing and coming models in order to make 3D virtual environments contents and software components interoperables. This solution relies on two complementary elements: a software architecture and a 3D file container model. We called our system the SGA for Scene Graph Adapter. It is a generic and modular architecture which allows the loading of several 3D formats in most 3D virtual environments software components. The SGA not only adapts scene graphs encoded in 3D files into scene graphs used by rendering software components but also manages the synchronization between the involved scene graphs during the running of the application of a 3D virtual environment. We have made an implementation of this architecture as well as several instantiations that allows the loading of X3D and COLLADA files into an application which relies on the Ogre3D rendering engine and the Bullet physics engine. It allows us to demonstrate the feasibility of our solution and also to assess its performances. Our 3D file container makes it possible not only to compose 3D scenes made of several 3D files but also to combine their features as well as make them interact in the rendered environment. This model has been called 3DFC for 3D File Container and it relies on the SGA for the adaptation of the encapsulated scene graphs from the referenced files. We have made an instantiation for 3DFC that has been integrated into our SGA implementation. Thus, we are able to mix X3D and COLLADA models in a single scene and to combine interaction features provided by X3D with physics properties allowed by COLLADA
Di, Lena Giuseppe. "Emulation fiable et distribuée de réseaux virtualisés et programmables sur bancs de test et infrastructures cloud." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4028.
In recent years, there have been multiple enhancements in virtualization technologies, cloud computing, and network programmability. The emergence of concepts like Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are changing the way the Internet Service Providers manage their services. In parallel, the last decade witnessed the rise of secure public cloud platforms like Amazon AWS and Microsoft Azure. These new concepts lead to cost reductions and fast innovation, driving the adoption of these paradigms by the industry. All these changes also bring new challenges. Networks have become huge and complex while providing different kinds of services. Testing them is increasingly complicated and resource-intensive. To tackle this issues, we propose a new tool that combines emulation technologies and optimization techniques to distribute SDN/NFV experiments in private test-beds and public cloud platforms. Cloud providers, in general, deliver specific metrics to the users in terms of CPU and memory resources for the services they propose, but they tend to give a high-level overview for the network delay, without any specific value. This is a problem when deploying a delay-sensitive application in the cloud, since the users do not have any precise data about the delay. We propose a testing framework to monitor the network delay between multiple datacenters in the cloud infrastructures. Finally, in the context of SDN/NFV networks, we exploit the SDN centralized logic to implement an optimal routing strategy in case of multiple link failures in the network. We also created a test-bed environment to validate our proposition in different network topologies
Tfaily, Souayed Rima. "Les applications des environnements virtuels distribués à retour d'effort : contraintes et solutions sur un réseau IP." Troyes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TROY0002.
Recently, as an increasing number of haptic devices became commercially available, more and more distributed virtual reality systems are integrated with haptic interfaces. However, there are technical difficulties in providing real-time haptic interaction in distributed virtual environments and these problems persist. Whenever virtual environments communicate via the network, unpredictable time delay and delay variation, packet loss, etc. Affects the performance of haptic interaction. Despite that many research works have been conducted to find a way of establishing multimodal interaction over networks, studies on the performance of DHVEs on IP networks have not been fully investigated and the literature on this topic is limited. In addition, Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of force feedback have not been clearly determined and solutions to deal with the network impairments are scarce. In this dissertation, I focus on determining the QoS requirements for conveying the force feedback over IP networks and for determining the upper thresholds that the haptic data should request. To do so, subjective and objective assessments have been conducted on two experimental platforms: Fast Ethernet Network and Network Impairment Emulation platforms, installed at Queen’s University of Belfast. The QoS requirements for DHVE applications cannot be satisfied in best effort service as the experiments report. Therefore, I applied differentiated Services (DiffServ) on network nodes and I determined which policies are appropriate to improve the DHVE application performance. However, DiffServ is insufficient to adapt the DHVE requirements to the dynamic network conditions; Thus, I incorporated adaptive control strategies into the haptic communication system. Control strategies are to adapt the haptic communication according to the network conditions. These techniques have been simulated on MatLab
Benchaib, Yacine. "Virtualisation de réseaux fixes et mobiles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066653.
A significant number of experimental tools now allow the study of problems for fixed and mobile multi -hop networks. Based on a state of the art reporting different features and characteristics specific to different testing methods, this thesis aims to provide some assessment of these innovative experiments tools. Concerning the study of fixed networks , we propose and evaluate VIRCONEL , a tool for the definition of virtual network topologies as well as the realization of scenario under realistic conditions. For the study of mobile multi-hop networks , we first propose SILUMOD , a language that allows using specific keywords and operators to easily define characteristics of the movement of a mobile node. We then propose VIRMANEL , a tool for managing connections between mobile nodes represented by virtual machines, using an algorithm optimizing the update of effective links between mobile nodes. By combining SILUMOD and VIRMANEL , we obtain a tool to simulate the movement of a mobile node while evaluating and establishing potential connections between mobile nodes. Evaluations of these tools show that if virtualization is indeed a relevant and useful tool for network experiments , it also has its limitations and the realism of results depends on experimental conditions. We discuss this problem and propose at the end of this thesis , some criteria for assessing the degree of trust to give a result
Anhalt, Fabienne. "Virtualisation des réseaux : performance, partage et applications." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0630.
Virtualization appears as a key solution to revolutionize the architecture of ossified networks, such as the Internet. By adding a layer of abstraction on top of the actual hardware, virtual networks can be managed and configured flexibly and independently. The flexibility introduced into the network provides the operator with options for topology reconfiguration, besides allowing it to play with the software stacks and protocols. Today, network virtualization has been realized in research testbeds, allowing researchers to experiment with routing. Introducing virtualization in a production network such as those of the Internet raises several challenges, in particular the performance and the sharing of the routing and switching resources. These are in particular relevant, when the network data plane is virtualized, for maximum isolation and configurability in virtual networks. Therefore, we first evaluate and analyze the impact of virtualization on the performance of virtual software routers. Then, for being able to virtualize the data plane in production networks, we propose a hardware architecture of a virtualized switch, enabling the differentiated sharing of resources such as the ports and the memory buffers. Moreover, we examine the possible applications of virtual networks and propose a service for virtual networks on demand with configurable routing and controlled bandwidth. We apply and evaluate this service in the context of virtual infrastructures
Combettes, Stéphanie. "Contribution à la définition d'un cadre de conception des systèmes virtuels par l'utilisation conjointe de la simulation distribuée et des réseaux de Pétri." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30110.
Javel, Aymeric de. "5G RAN : implémentation de la couche physique et découpage du réseau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT031.
A critical evolution from 4G to 5G is the heterogeneity of the terminals that connect the network. Those terminals range from smartphones to connected vehicles and sensors for agriculture. Given that the constraints and requirements associated with the different kinds of terminals are heterogeneous, it is not trivial to multiplex the services associated with them on top of a single physical infrastructure. Network slicing is the technology that enables the physical infrastructure to provide multiple logical networks (called network slices) to serve the various devices and associated services: this thesis studies network slicing and its implementation at the RAN level.One main issue raised by network slicing is resource allocation. Indeed, many models exist for resource allocation of the RAN but we are missing models which take into account new constraints implied by network slicing. The first contribution of this thesis is to define a new model for network slicing at the RAN level. This model takes into account diverse slices constraints such as capacity, UEs density, latency, and reliability. Simplicial homology is used to validate slices constraints fulfillment. Furthermore, this model is applied to power optimization, which is a critical aspect of network deployment. The second challenge addressed in this work is the network's supervision and control. Indeed, some verticals have ultra-high control requirements, and the network itself might not be able to satisfy this constraint fully. Therefore, we introduce a probe that can extract data from the network to feed supervision tools for the network's monitoring and control. This probe is designed to be resilient to cyber-attacks and is thus independent of the network.The last main contribution of this thesis is the introduction of an open-source 5G physical layer called free5GRAN. The physical layer provides all the minimal procedures and algorithms for communications between the gNodeB and UEs. The project's structure is built so one can easily modify it and implement new features. Furthermore, the software architecture is designed so that the physical layer is modular and can be derived to implement the open-RAN split 7.2
Cherrared, Sihem. "Gestion des fautes dans les réseaux multi-tenants et programmables." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S016.
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is one promising attempt at solving some of the 5G challenges. NFV is about running network functions as virtualized workloads on commodity hardware. This may optimize deployment costs and simplify the life cycle management, but it introduces new challenges such as the dynamic network topology and the lack of visibility. In this thesis, we propose a self-modeling algorithm and an active diagnosis process to face these challenges. We define a dependency model learned from faults injection. The self-modeling and the active diagnosis approach was applied to the real-world virtual Ip Multimedia Subsystem (vIMS) use-case
Giguère, Nicholas. "La collection comme vivier réseaux réels et virtuels au sein de la collection "Les poètes du jour" (1963-1975) des Éditions du Jour." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2623.
Tomassilli, Andrea. "Vers les réseaux de nouvelle génération avec SDN et NFV." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4044.
Recent advances in networks, such as Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), are changing the way network operators deploy and manage Internet services. On one hand, SDN introduces a logically centralized controller with a global view of the network state. On the other hand, NFV enables the complete decoupling of network functions from proprietary appliances and runs them as software applications on general–purpose servers. In such a way, network operators can dynamically deploy Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). SDN and NFV benefit network operators by providing new opportunities for reducing costs, enhancing network flexibility and scalability, and shortening the time-to-market of new applications and services. Moreover, the centralized routing model of SDN jointly with the possibility of instantiating VNFs on–demand, may open the way for an even more efficient operation and resource management of networks. For instance, an SDN/NFV-enabled network may simplify the Service Function Chain (SFC) deployment and provisioning by making the process easier and cheaper. In this study, we aim at investigating how to leverage both SDN and NFV in order to exploit their potential benefits. We took steps to address the new opportunities offered in terms of network design, network resilience, and energy savings, and the new problems that arise in this new context, such as the optimal network function placement in the network. We show that a symbiosis between SDN and NFV can improve network performance and significantly reduce the network's Capital Expenditure (CapEx) and Operational Expenditure (OpEx)
Ikhelef, Issam Abdeldjalil. "Optimisation de placement et chainage de fonctions réseaux selon le paradigme SDN/NFV." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 13, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA131002.
The current landscape of networking has witnessed a growing interest in two significant technologies: Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software-DefinedNetworking (SDN). These technologies offer novel approaches to network management,bringing flexibility and programmability to the forefront.Software-Defined Networking (SDN) revolutionizes the network management by decoupling the control plane from the data plane. This separation of plans allows forcentralized control and programmability, replacing traditional hardware-centric control withsoftware-based control. SDN can create virtual networks or efficiently control traditionalhardware networks through software, offering enhanced flexibility and adaptability.Network Function Virtualization (NFV), on the other hand, focuses on cost reduction and service deployment acceleration for network operators. It achieves this by decoupling network functions (NF), such as firewall or encryption, from dedicated hardware andvirtualizing them on standard servers. NFV enables the consolidation of multiple functions onto a single physical server, resulting in cost savings and minimized field interventions.Adding new network functions becomes more streamlined, requiring the activation of virtualmachines (VM) rather than deploying additional hardware across the entire network.The research thesis aims to tackle the NP-hard problem of optimal VNFs placementand chaining within a NFV network. This problem involves determining the most efficientsequence of service function chains (SFC) while directing flows through the VNFs. Theprimary objective is to develop an algorithm that achieves a cost optimal placement and chaining of VNFs, considering various constraints such as chaining order, processing capacity,and bandwidth capacity.The algorithm seeks to minimize the overall allocation costs while ensuring effectiveflow routing through the VNFs. By leveraging the capabilities of NFV and SDN, the thesis aimsto contribute to the advancement of network virtualization and software-defined networking.The proposed algorithms will empower network operators to make informed decisionsregarding VNFs placement, leading to improved network efficiency, cost reduction, andenhanced service provisioning. Ultimately, the thesis aims to enable network operators toeffectively manage their networks, allocate resources optimally and deliver services withincreased agility and cost-effectiveness
Marchal, Xavier. "Architectures et fonctions avancées pour le déploiement progressif de réseaux orientés contenus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0049.
Internet historical protocols (TCP/IP) that were used to interconnect the very first comput-ers are no longer suitable for the massive distribution of content that is now being made. New content-based network protocols (Information-Centric Networking) are currently being designed to optimize these exchanges by betting on a paradigm shift where content, rather than machines, are addressable across the Internet. However, such a change can only be made gradually and if all operational imperatives are met. Thus, this thesis aims to study and remove the main tech-nological obstacles preventing the adoption of the NDN (Name Data Networking) protocol by operators by guaranteeing the security, performance, interoperability, proper management and automated deployment of an NDN network. First, we evaluate the current performance of an NDN network thanks to a tool we made, named ndnperf, and observe the high cost for a provider delivering fresh content using this protocol. Then, we propose some optimizations to improve the efficiency of packet generation up to 6.4 times better than the default parameters. Afterwards, we focus on the security of the NDN protocol with the evaluation of the content poisoning attack, known as the second more critical attack on NDN, but never truly characterized. Our study is based on two scenarios, with the usage of a malicious user and content provider, or by exploiting a flaw we found in the packet processing flow of the NDN router. Thus, we show the danger of this kind of attacks and propose a software fix to prevent the most critical scenario. Thirdly, we are trying to adapt the HTTP protocol in a way so that it can be transported on an NDN network for interoperability purposes. To do this, we designed an adaptation protocol and developed two gateways that perform the necessary conversions so that web content can seamlessly enter or exit an NDN network. After describing our solution, we evaluate and improve it in order to make web content benefit from a major NDN feature, the in-network caching, and show up to 61.3% cache-hit ratio in synthetic tests and 25.1% in average for browsing simulations with multiple users using a Zipf law of parameter 1.5. Finally, we propose a virtualized and orchestrated microservice architecture for the deploy-ment of an NDN network following the Network Fonction Virtualization (NFV) paradigm. We developed seven microservices that represent either an atomic function of the NDN router or a new one for specific purposes. These functions can then be chained to constitute a full-fledged network. Our architecture is orchestrated with the help of a manager that allows it to take the full advantages of the microservices like scaling the bottleneck functions or dynamically change the topology for the current needs (an attack for example). Our architecture, associated with our other contributions on performance, security and in-teroperability, allows a better and more realistic deployment of NDN, especially with an easier development of new features, a network running on standard hardware, and the flexibility allowed by this kind of architecture
Bonfils, Philippe. "Dispositifs socio-techniques et mondes persistants : quelles médiations pour quelle communication dans un contexte situé ?" Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257247.
Bonfils, Philippe. "Dispositifs socio-techniques et mondes persistants : quelles médiations pour quelle communication dans un contexte situé ?" Phd thesis, Toulon, 2007. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00257247/fr/.
This institutional research was conducted with one main purpose : identify the building mecanisrns of a new situation of communication within virtual environment like persistent worlds (Second Lire) in an e-leaming situated context. The study explores the concepts of communicational artifact as symbolic place of representations and construction of a new reality. We favour a pragmatic point of view of the communication by using the four mediations approach and the study of the fonciional interactivies regarding human-human communication and social interactions in our context. Our hypothesis concern firstly the perception oi'a kind of materialization of the situation of communication, and secondly the possible social role of the projections of the users : the avatars. The methodology consists of a communicational analysis of analogic signals like gestuelle and proxemic practices in those spatials environments populated by avatars caracterized by users. Our findings : The caracterization of the avatar plays a part in the social rites and the group identity construction. The possibility for the users to choose differents points of views (centered or off-centered) of the avatar allows them to be spectators-actors of the situation of communication. The result of the study indicated that ;The constant alternation of points of views generates in the mean time liberties and inconveniences for the users which modify the distanciation of the subject v\jth his object, and as an episteniologic consequence, lead to a kind of circularity in this process
Marchal, Xavier. "Architectures et fonctions avancées pour le déploiement progressif de réseaux orientés contenus." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0049/document.
Internet historical protocols (TCP/IP) that were used to interconnect the very first comput-ers are no longer suitable for the massive distribution of content that is now being made. New content-based network protocols (Information-Centric Networking) are currently being designed to optimize these exchanges by betting on a paradigm shift where content, rather than machines, are addressable across the Internet. However, such a change can only be made gradually and if all operational imperatives are met. Thus, this thesis aims to study and remove the main tech-nological obstacles preventing the adoption of the NDN (Name Data Networking) protocol by operators by guaranteeing the security, performance, interoperability, proper management and automated deployment of an NDN network. First, we evaluate the current performance of an NDN network thanks to a tool we made, named ndnperf, and observe the high cost for a provider delivering fresh content using this protocol. Then, we propose some optimizations to improve the efficiency of packet generation up to 6.4 times better than the default parameters. Afterwards, we focus on the security of the NDN protocol with the evaluation of the content poisoning attack, known as the second more critical attack on NDN, but never truly characterized. Our study is based on two scenarios, with the usage of a malicious user and content provider, or by exploiting a flaw we found in the packet processing flow of the NDN router. Thus, we show the danger of this kind of attacks and propose a software fix to prevent the most critical scenario. Thirdly, we are trying to adapt the HTTP protocol in a way so that it can be transported on an NDN network for interoperability purposes. To do this, we designed an adaptation protocol and developed two gateways that perform the necessary conversions so that web content can seamlessly enter or exit an NDN network. After describing our solution, we evaluate and improve it in order to make web content benefit from a major NDN feature, the in-network caching, and show up to 61.3% cache-hit ratio in synthetic tests and 25.1% in average for browsing simulations with multiple users using a Zipf law of parameter 1.5. Finally, we propose a virtualized and orchestrated microservice architecture for the deploy-ment of an NDN network following the Network Fonction Virtualization (NFV) paradigm. We developed seven microservices that represent either an atomic function of the NDN router or a new one for specific purposes. These functions can then be chained to constitute a full-fledged network. Our architecture is orchestrated with the help of a manager that allows it to take the full advantages of the microservices like scaling the bottleneck functions or dynamically change the topology for the current needs (an attack for example). Our architecture, associated with our other contributions on performance, security and in-teroperability, allows a better and more realistic deployment of NDN, especially with an easier development of new features, a network running on standard hardware, and the flexibility allowed by this kind of architecture
Seddiki, Mohamed Said. "Allocation dynamique des ressources et gestion de la qualité de service dans la virtualisation des réseaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0031.
Internet has been successful in the recent years. The critical infrastructure of the internet has become stagnant due to the absence of changes in the core networks and stiffness of deployed equipment. It has become difficult and expensive to deploy new network services. Network virtualization is a new paradigm to overcome this problem. In this thesis, we present network virtualization and Software Defined Networking (SDN) as a solution that can be used by service providers. It enables them to provide new services to users through virtual networks (VNs) with better quality of service while optimizing the use of physical network resources. Firstly, we demonstrate the potential of SDN in the QoS management ofa virtualized home network (VN). We propose and implement ''FlowQoS'', a mechanism that can be deployed by an Internet Service Provider in the last-mile hop or in the home gateway. Performance measurements show that this solution can share bandwidth between applications according to user-defined configuration to guarantee QoS for each active traffic. The second contribution is modeling the interaction between service providers and infrastructure providers using game theoretic framework to offer dynamic sharing of physical infrastructure across multiple VN with different QoS requirements. We present a set of non-cooperative games to model the negotiation phase and the dynamic allocation of nodes and physical links for each deployed VN. Finally we focus on a predictive approach that allows an adaptive control of bandwidth allocation in order to reduce the packet delays for a given VN on each physical link. The last two contributions offer dynamic sharing models of physical infrastructure resources while guaranteeing the QoS for each VN
Slim, Farah. "Etude et implémentation d'algorithmes de gestion de ressources pour un système d'exploitation de réseau." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0071.
Network programmability is a major issue in the evolution of telecommunication systems. However, the emergence of new initiatives in the context of the internet of the future, such as network function virtualization and specialized tools such as Openstack makes it possible to develop new approaches to control and manage the network infrastructure. This new approach on which telecom operators rely to accelerate their digital transformation will impact not only the way networks are defined but also the main role of the operator, who now hasto manage cloud resources in combination with network resources. The main goal of the thesis is to analyze the modifications that will affect the infrastructure of the operator in order to design resource allocation algorithms adapted to the context of the virtualization of network functions
Seddiki, Mohamed Said. "Allocation dynamique des ressources et gestion de la qualité de service dans la virtualisation des réseaux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0031/document.
Internet has been successful in the recent years. The critical infrastructure of the internet has become stagnant due to the absence of changes in the core networks and stiffness of deployed equipment. It has become difficult and expensive to deploy new network services. Network virtualization is a new paradigm to overcome this problem. In this thesis, we present network virtualization and Software Defined Networking (SDN) as a solution that can be used by service providers. It enables them to provide new services to users through virtual networks (VNs) with better quality of service while optimizing the use of physical network resources. Firstly, we demonstrate the potential of SDN in the QoS management ofa virtualized home network (VN). We propose and implement ''FlowQoS'', a mechanism that can be deployed by an Internet Service Provider in the last-mile hop or in the home gateway. Performance measurements show that this solution can share bandwidth between applications according to user-defined configuration to guarantee QoS for each active traffic. The second contribution is modeling the interaction between service providers and infrastructure providers using game theoretic framework to offer dynamic sharing of physical infrastructure across multiple VN with different QoS requirements. We present a set of non-cooperative games to model the negotiation phase and the dynamic allocation of nodes and physical links for each deployed VN. Finally we focus on a predictive approach that allows an adaptive control of bandwidth allocation in order to reduce the packet delays for a given VN on each physical link. The last two contributions offer dynamic sharing models of physical infrastructure resources while guaranteeing the QoS for each VN
Desprat, Caroline. "Architecture événementielle pour les environnements virtuels collaboratifs sur le web : application à la manipulation et à la visualisation d'objets en 3D." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20103/document.
Web technologies evolutions during last decades fostered the development of collaborative virtual environments for 3D design at large scale. Despite the fact that collaborative environments gather in a same shared space geographically distant users in a common objective, the hardware ressources of their clients (calcul, storage, graphics ...) are often underused because of the challenge it represents. It is indeed a matter of offering an easy-to-use, efficient and transparent collaborative system to the user supporting both computationnal and 3D design visualisation and business logic needs in heterogeneous web environments. To scale well, numerous systems use a network architecture called "hybrid", combining both client-server and peer-to-peer. Optimistic replication is well adapted to distributed application such as 3D collaborative envionments : the dynamicity of users and their numbers, the 3D data type used and the large amount and size of it.This document presents a model for 3D web-based collaborative editing systems. This model integrates 3DEvent, an client-based architecture allowing us to bring 3D business logic closer to the user using events. Indeed, the need of traceability and history awareness is required during 3D design especially when several experts are involved during the process. This aspect is intrinsec to event-sourcing design pattern. This architecture is completed by a peer-to-peer middleware responsible for the synchronisation and the consistency of the system. To implement it, we propose to use the recent web standard API called WebRTC, close to cloud development services know by developers. To evaluate the model, two user studies were conducted on several group of users concerning its responsiveness and the acceptance by users in the frame of cooperative assembly tasks of 3D models
Haddad, Ahmed. "GeRoFan : une architecture et un plan de contrôle basés sur la radio-sur-fibre pour la mutualisation des réseaux d'accès mobile de nouvelle génération." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0025.
Current radio access networks architectures are not suited in terms of capacity and backhauling capabilities to fit the continuing traffic increase of 4G cellular systems. The objective of the thesis is to propose an innovative and generic mobile backhauling network architecture, called GeRoFAN (Generic Radio-over-Fiber Access Network), for next generation mobile systems (WiMAX, 4G LTE). Two major technological innovations are used to implement GeRo-FAN: analog Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) and reflective amplified absorption modulators. The aim of this thesis is to design for such an architecture an original Control Plane (CP) and a signaling channel enabling to balance radio resources between a set of neighboring cells at the access/metropolitan scale according to traffic fluctuations. The transmission of several radio frequencies by means of an analog RoF link suffers from several impairments that may degrade the capacity of the radio system. The originality of the GeRoFAN-CP consists in mapping radio frequencies with optical carriers by means of Sub-Carrier Multiplexing (SCM) in order to optimize the Shannon’s capacity within the various cells covered by the system according to the current traffic load. For that purpose, a deep analysis and modeling of the various physical layer impairments impacting the quality of the radio signal is carried out. Unlike comparable approaches, the GeRoFAN-CP is as independent as possible from the radio layer protocols. Thus, the "radio MAC-agnostic" nature of the GeRoFAN-CP enables to federate multiple operators using different radio technologies onto the same backhauling optical infrastructure. Subcarrier and wavelength division multiplexing (SCM/WDM) as well as WDM optical routing capabilities are exploited onto the GeRoFAN transparent architecture. More globally, the GeRoFAN-CP enables a form of "radio frequency virtualization" while promoting new business models for Telecom service providers. The last part of the thesis focuses on the business value of the GeRoFAN paradigm. The expectations of the different stake-holders and main regulatory/organizational entities that could be involved in the deployment of GeRoFAN infrastructures should be addressed in order to achieve a smooth deployment of this new type of mobile backhauling. Economics of the GeRoFAN architecture are investigated in terms of OpEx/CapEx valuation and investment profitability, especially in reference to digitized RoF. Two business models are then proposed to study how GeRoFAN contributes to enriching the cellular backhauling service value chain
Pan, Cheng-Yu. "Entre ciel et terre, l'horizon virtuel : expériences artistiques et géographie du virtuel à l'ère interconnectée." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010522/document.
This thesis aims to examine the situation of individuals facing virtual space in the interconnected era and the creativity that emerges in the cyberspace. The thesis is divides into two parts. The first part consists of an analysis of my personal experience in conducting four art projects elaborated in various forms, including installation art, net.art, video art, digital photography and GPS performance art. Regardless of which artistic form is in question, « look » is the key in connecting the author, the audience as well as the visual media. The second part aims to further explore the artistic issues derivated from the personal experience, namely net art, map and virtuality. In order to fulfil this task, the metaphor of « water cycle » is applied to conceptualize the development of internet in a systematic way. In addition, world maps at different stages of human civilization are analyzed to shed light on how the worlview has changed over time. Based on that, a hypothesis is proposed : if the changes in world maps over the course of human history reflects a gradual replacement of a mythological perception of the world by a more rational perspective, the creativity shown in trendy digital maps nowadays might point to a resuscitation of a world view featuring mythological representation. Some cultural phenomena in the cyber space are also analyzed. The focus of the analysis is on a few issues related to virtuality, such as augmented reality, the duration of virtual immersion, as well as « auto-virtualization ». Such analysis should help corroborate the above mentioned hypothesis, namely the rise of mythological representation in virtual space
Moualla, Ghada. "Virtualisation résiliente des fonctions réseau pour les centres de données et les environnements décentralisés." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4061.
Traditional networks are based on an ever-growing variety of network functions that run on proprietary hardware devices called middleboxes. Designing these vendor-specific appliances and deploying them is very complex, costly and time-consuming. Moreover, with the ever-increasing and heterogeneous short-term services requirements, service providers have to scale up their physical infrastructure periodically, which results in high CAPEX and OPEX. This traditional paradigm leads to network ossification and high complexity in network management and services provisioning to address emerging use cases. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has attracted notable attention as a promising paradigm to tackle such challenges by decoupling network functions from the underlying proprietary hardware and implementing them as software, named Virtual Network Functions (VNFs), able to work on inexpensive commodity hardware. These VNFs can be arranged and chained together in a predefined order, the so-called Service Function chaining (SFC), to provide end-to-end services. Despite all the benefits associated with the new paradigm, NFV comes with the challenge of how to place the functions of the users' requested services within the physical network while providing the same resiliency as if a dedicated infrastructure were used, given that commodity hardware is less reliable than the dedicated one. This problem becomes particularly challenging when service requests have to be fulfilled as soon as they arise (i.e., in an online manner). In light of these new challenges, we propose new solutions to tackle the problem of online SFC placement while ensuring the robustness of the placed services against physical failures in data-center (DC) topologies. Although recovery solutions exist, they still require time in which the impacted services will be unavailable while taking smart placement decisions can help in avoiding the need for reacting against simple network failures. First, we provide a comprehensive study on how the placement choices can affect the overall robustness of the placed services. Based on this study we propose a deterministic solution applicable when the service provider has full knowledge and control on the infrastructure. Thereafter, we move from this deterministic solution to a stochastic approach for the case where SFCs are requested by tenants oblivious to the physical DC network, where users only have to provide the SFC they want to place and the required availability level (e.g., 5 nines). We simulated several solutions and the evaluation results show the effectiveness of our algorithms and the feasibility of our propositions in very large scale data center topologies, which make it possible to use them in a productive environment. All these solutions work well in trusted environments with a central authority that controls the infrastructure. However, in some cases, many enterprises need to collaborate together in order to run tenants' application, e.g., MapReduce applications. In such a scenario, we move to a completely untrusted decentralized environment with no trust guarantees in the presence of not only byzantine nodes but also rational nodes. We considered the case of MapReduce applications in such an environment and present an adapted MapReduce framework called MARS, which is able to work correctly in such a context without the need of any trusted third party. Our simulations show that MARS grants the execution integrity in MapReduce linearly with the number of byzantine nodes in the system
Haddad, Ahmed. "GeRoFan : une architecture et un plan de contrôle basés sur la radio-sur-fibre pour la mutualisation des réseaux d'accès mobile de nouvelle génération." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0025/document.
Current radio access networks architectures are not suited in terms of capacity and backhauling capabilities to fit the continuing traffic increase of 4G cellular systems. The objective of the thesis is to propose an innovative and generic mobile backhauling network architecture, called GeRoFAN (Generic Radio-over-Fiber Access Network), for next generation mobile systems (WiMAX, 4G LTE). Two major technological innovations are used to implement GeRo-FAN: analog Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) and reflective amplified absorption modulators. The aim of this thesis is to design for such an architecture an original Control Plane (CP) and a signaling channel enabling to balance radio resources between a set of neighboring cells at the access/metropolitan scale according to traffic fluctuations. The transmission of several radio frequencies by means of an analog RoF link suffers from several impairments that may degrade the capacity of the radio system. The originality of the GeRoFAN-CP consists in mapping radio frequencies with optical carriers by means of Sub-Carrier Multiplexing (SCM) in order to optimize the Shannon’s capacity within the various cells covered by the system according to the current traffic load. For that purpose, a deep analysis and modeling of the various physical layer impairments impacting the quality of the radio signal is carried out. Unlike comparable approaches, the GeRoFAN-CP is as independent as possible from the radio layer protocols. Thus, the "radio MAC-agnostic" nature of the GeRoFAN-CP enables to federate multiple operators using different radio technologies onto the same backhauling optical infrastructure. Subcarrier and wavelength division multiplexing (SCM/WDM) as well as WDM optical routing capabilities are exploited onto the GeRoFAN transparent architecture. More globally, the GeRoFAN-CP enables a form of "radio frequency virtualization" while promoting new business models for Telecom service providers. The last part of the thesis focuses on the business value of the GeRoFAN paradigm. The expectations of the different stake-holders and main regulatory/organizational entities that could be involved in the deployment of GeRoFAN infrastructures should be addressed in order to achieve a smooth deployment of this new type of mobile backhauling. Economics of the GeRoFAN architecture are investigated in terms of OpEx/CapEx valuation and investment profitability, especially in reference to digitized RoF. Two business models are then proposed to study how GeRoFAN contributes to enriching the cellular backhauling service value chain
Alokla, Abdulrahman. "Agir en français autrement : expérimentation du Web social et de la perspective actionnelle pour les nouveaux arrivants en France." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30038/document.
Cette recherche a comme objectif de profiter des avantages de la mise en œuvre du Web social avec la perspective actionnelle proposée par le Cadre Européen Commun de Références pour les langues (désormais CECR) pour amener les nouveaux arrivants en France à être des acteurs sociaux dans la société française. L’expérimentation s’est déroulée au cours de l’année universitaire 2014-2015 avec deux publics arabophones dont le niveau linguistique et la durée de séjour sont différents. Contrairement aux tâches de simulation de l’approche communicative et à celles du CECR qui sont proches de la vie réelle, les tâches de la présente étude sont ancrées dans la vie réelle. Comment inciter les apprenants arabophones résidant en France à interagir tous ensemble afin de réaliser des tâches réelles au sein de la société française virtuelle en s’appuyant sur la perspective actionnelle et sur le Web social, afin de résoudre leurs problèmes en français et d’acquérir de nouvelles compétences ? Pour éclaircir cette problématique générale, la recherche s’interroge sur la manière d’étendre la tâche pour qu’elle soit ancrée dans la vie réelle, sur la démarche de réaliser des tâches réelles, sur l’agir des participants en tant qu’acteurs sociaux, sur les compétences développées et acquises au cours l’expérience, et sur le manière d’évaluer une tâche de la vie réelle. Chaque groupe constitue une communauté de pratique en ligne. Dans chacune d’elles, il s’agit d’analyser, dans une démarche netnographique avec des captures d’écran, les co-actions, les échanges et les relations interpersonnelles entre les différents acteurs et le rôle dans les trois espaces de l’expérience : espace de discussion (Facebook), de rédaction (Google Docs) et de publication (site social visé)
Thierry, Philippe. "Systèmes véhiculaires à domaines de sécurité et de criticité multiples : une passerelle systronique temps réel." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1102/document.
Nowadays, vehicular systems are composed of more and more interconnected systems. Those systems manage a lot of complex functions and must comply with various safety-critical requirements (such as real-time) but also more and more with security requirements. With the new connected vehicles, it is necessary to make these various systems communicate, in order to manage locally or remotely the overall vetronic system. Make these systems communicate, moreover in military vehicles, implies to support various constraints. Theses constraints need to be supported by specific elements, used as gateways between each vehicle system needing external communication. This gateway has to protect each system in term of safety and security, but also has to guarantee an efficient upper-bounded transfer between them. In this thesis, we have proposed a software architecture for these gateways, compliant with the various vehicular security and safety requirements. The solution is proposed as a framework, supporting a modular configuration and able to aggregate various modules on a partitioned software architecture. Such an aggregation is then able to respond to the various vehicular specific needs such as security and real-time
Luu, Quang Trung. "Dynamic Control and Optimization of Wireless Virtual Networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG039.
Network slicing is a key enabler for 5G networks. With network slicing, Mobile Network Operators (MNO) create various slices for Service Providers (SP) to accommodate customized services. As network slices are operated on a common network infrastructure owned by some Infrastructure Provider (InP), efficiently sharing the resources across various slices is very important. In this thesis, taking the InP perspective, we propose several methods for provisioning resources for network slices. Previous best-effort approaches deploy the various Service Function Chains (SFCs) of a given slice sequentially in the infrastructure network. In this thesis, we provision aggregate resources to accommodate slice demands. Once provisioning is successful, the SFCs of the slice are ensured to get enough resources to be properly operated. This facilitates the satisfaction of the slice quality of service requirements. The proposed provisioning solutions also yield a reduction of the computational resources needed to deploy the SFCs
Graff, Philippe. "Caractérisation, identification dans le réseau et optimisation du transport de trafic à faible latence - le cas du Cloud-Gaming." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0314.
This thesis focuses on the transport of low-latency traffic in networks, and in particular on Cloud Gaming (CG) services we selected as our case study. CG plaforms have gained much popularity recently and are expected to become a significant part of Internet traffic share in the upcoming years. However, the characteristics of their traffic, at the same time high bandwidth and low latency, are challenging for networks and make it difficult to maintain good quality of service (QoS) in degraded network conditions. We first analyze the traffic of four CG platforms to evaluate the capacity of adaptation and responsiveness of their congestion control algorithm (CCA). We synthetically lower the network conditions by impacting in turn the delay, jitter, loss rate and available bandwidth with different intensities, and observe the resulting traffic. Then, we study CG traffic on cellular networks by reproducing the conditions observed on the Orange 4G network, including a user mobility scenario. We noted a some disparities in the platforms' behavior. Some do not adapt adequately to the different constraints and are therefore exposed to long queuing delays, sometimes resulting in packet losses. Others overreact, to the detriment of their video quality. All of the data collected was made available to the community. Considering the limitations of end-to-end CCA, we propose to identify CG traffic in the network to make it benefit from an improved traffic processing, in particular at the level of queues which can induce latency in case of congestion. We have developed a classifier able to recognize CG traffic with high precision (98.5%) by relying on a machine learning approach featuring the statistical properties of CG traffic which are calculated on the fly. We propose an implementation of our classifier as a set of virtual network functions (VNF) that can handle 10Gb/s. In collaboration with Orange Labs, we also considered the acceleration of some functions on a programmable hardware switch in P4 and implemented the extraction of flow statistical features, which proves that a realistic deployment at an ISP level is possible. Finally, we propose to experiment the transport of CG traffic in a “Low Latency, Low Loss, and Scalable Throughput” (L4S) architecture. As current CG platforms are not compatible, we developed our own platform coupled with Scream, a CCA based on loss and delays for the RTP protocol and supporting explicit congestion notification (ECN). We propose to use it in conjunction with DualPI2, an active queue manager (AQM) with a low latency queue. We then monitor the traffic on the bottleneck against different competing flows. For the first time, we evaluate the performance of L4S against traditional traffic engineering approaches on a real low latency service
Nitu, Vlad-Tiberiu. "Improving energy efficiency of virtualized datacenters." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23799/1/NITU_Vlad%20Tiberiu.pdf.
Almeida, Erika Pereira de. "Les immigrés brésiliens au Québec : une diaspora sélectionnée en territoire francophone." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB191.
This thesis analyzes the migration policy recruitment of skilled immigrants, led by the Canadian province of Quebec and the Brazilian community in this French-speaking province. For this, the concept of diaspora has been used as an analytical model of the formation of the immigrant community in a non-traditional installation area. Initially this work presents the history of this province and the development of thematic and linguistic migration and the role of migration policies that led to the autonomy of the province in the recruitment and selection of its economic immigrants using the points system. Then, the main characteristics of Brazilian communities in major country of installation are presented in order to place the issue of Brazilian emigration as a contemporary phenomenon. It is shown how, since the 1980s, this movement, previously residual, has become so prevalent in Brazilian culture. Then, the concept of diaspora is introduced to show the Brazilian emigration as a diaspora. Subsequently, this work presents, analyzes and discusses the migration of Brazilians under this prism through semi-structured interviews, with institutional and formal means, as well as non-institutional and informal to be here and there that are widely used. It highlights the role of virtual social networks in the process, in their migration history and the formation of community. It is shown that these Brazilians, when leaving their country, were looking for a certain quality of life and social guarantees that in Brazil they believed to be excluded
Esta tese analisa a política migratória de recrutamento de imigrantes qualificados conduzida pela província canadense do Québec e a comunidade brasileira nessa província francófona. Para isso, o conceito de diáspora foi empregado como um modelo de análise da formação dessa comunidade imigrante em uma área de instalação não-tradicional. Primeiramente, este trabalho apresenta a história desta província e do desenvolvimento da temática migratória e linguística e o papel das políticas de migração que levaram à autonomia da província no recrutamento e na seleção de seus imigrantes da categoria econômica através do sistema de pontos. Em seguida, as principais características das comunidades brasileiras nos principais países de instalação foram abordadas a fim de apresentar a questão da emigração brasileira como um fenômeno contemporâneo. É mostrado como, desde os anos 1980, este movimento, até então residual, se difundiu na cultura brasileira. Em seguida, é introduzido o conceito de diáspora afim de situarmos a emigração brasileira como uma diáspora. Posteriormente, este trabalho apresenta, analisa e discute a migração de brasileiros sob esse prisma por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, cujos meios institucionais e formais, bem como não institucionais e informais para estar aqui e estar lá são amplamente utilizados. Ademais, destaca-se o papel das redes sociais virtuais no processo de imigração, na trajetória migratória e na formação dessa comunidade imigrante. É mostrado que esses brasileiros, quando deixaram o seu país, estavam à procura de certa qualidade de vida e de garantias sociais que eles acreditavam ser sido excluídos no Brasil
Alleg, Abdelhamid. "Service Function Placement and Chaining in Network Function Virtualization Environments." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0117.
The emergence of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technology has aroused keen interest to design, manage and deploy network services in a flexible, automated and vendor-agnostic manner. Implementing NFV technology is expected to be a win-win solution for both service providers and costumers. However, this paradigm shift, sparked by NFV, calls for a progressive abandon of network services that are provided as hardware appliance and rather it proposes a fully or partially virtualized environment that offers software modules called Virtual Network Functions (VNFs). This shift rises a set of challenges related to service deployment and operation such as orchestration and management, service resiliency, Quality of Service (QoS) and resource provisioning among others. Furthermore, the core question that needs to be solved within NFV context is “What is the best way to place and chain VNFs that form a service in order to meet Service Level Agreement requirements (costumer side) while optimizing resource usage (service provider side)?”.This thesis investigates the problem of VNF Placement and Chaining considering service requirements such as end-to-end delay, service availability and energy consumption and proposes a set of algorithms and mechanisms that aim to achieve an optimized deployment of the requested/provided services. Our contributions in this thesis are threefold. First, we propose a delay-aware Placement and Chaining algorithms for delay-sensitive applications over NFV networks. The proposed algorithms aim to meet the appropriate end-to-end delay defined according to the deployed service (VoIP, Streaming, etc.). Second, we provide a comprehensive service availability benchmarking and we propose two availability-aware mechanisms for VNFs chain. The aim is to provide resilient service provisioning by fine-tuning the parameters of the protection scheme (the number, the type, the placement and the size of the spare instances) needed to reach a predefined availability level, despite network failures. Finally, we propose a framework architecture that explores the possibility to extend the virtualization paradigm to Internet of Things (IoT). Toward this end, we define an energy-aware Placement and Chaining for IoT services where inherent IoT functionalities are decoupled from specific dedicated IoT devices and instantiated on-demand. By bringing together NFV and IoT paradigms, this extension opens new perspectives and push toward designing new use cases
Marrder, Ninozka. "Facebook et la réalité des amis virtuels." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10234.
The last decade was marked by the advent of social networking sites, Facebook, with 900 million users, is by far the most popular of these sites (Facebook, 2013). The inherent characteristics of this platform, such as the information archived online as well as the public nature of the interactions, require a reflection on its social potential. Many authors suggested that the use of Facebook could lead to an increase of social capital and more specifically bridging social capital. Based on this theorization of social network established by Putnam (2001), this research questioned the involvement of Facebook during the restructuration of young adults’ social network. Data was retrieved using a questionnaire and interviews from 176 students newly arrived at the University of Montreal. This procedure allowed comparing students online interactions with their offline interactions. It is clear from this research that Facebook secures emerging social ties and facilitates the formation of groups in a new environment. In addition, the use of this platform accompanies the young adults throughout their life trajectories and is part of an evolutionary process.
Turletti, Thierry. "Étude et conception de mécanismes pour applications multimédias sur réseaux IP filaires et sans fil." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00406588.
sans fil. Je décris un mécanisme de différenciation de services efficace pour transmettre des flots multimédias à débit variable dans les réseaux IEEE 802.11e, ainsi qu'un mécanisme d'adaptation intercouches pour la transmission multimédia dans les réseaux WIFI.