Дисертації з теми "Réseaux de distribution d'électricité"
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Lehmann, Marjorie. "L'accès aux réseaux de distribution publique d'électricité en France métropolitaine." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA035.
Повний текст джерелаThe evolution of the internal electricity market in France is following the wave of liberalization at the instigation of the European Union law. However, the electricity distribution system is maintained under the monopoly of the national historical operators. Even if this situation seems questionable, the current system, under the control of the national regulator, is satisfactory, allows third parties to access to the distribution networks under transparent and non discriminatory conditions and assures tariff equalization essential to the balance between territories. In addition, the management of the electrical network is provided consistently at an appropriate scale allowing mutualisation of infrastructure costs and ensuring the role of local authorities. An opening to competition of the activity would result in a more complex system and would present only a very limited impact in tenns of better pricing. In any case, it would imply an overhaul of the established system
Xu, Jianhong. "Filtrage actif parallèle des harmoniques des réseaux de distribution d'électricité." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_XU_J.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAli, Zazou Abdelkrim. "Conception d'un outil d'optimisation dynamique du schéma d'exploitation du réseau de distribution d'électricité de SRD." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0010.
Повний текст джерелаThe French electrical distribution network was originally built to bring electricity from very large producers to consumers, but it has now become a place of multi-directional energy flows that rely on local production and consumption. Because of this new situation, the way of operating electrical networks needs to be renewed. In light of this, the local Distribution System Operator (SRO) of the French department Vienne and the different teams of the LIAS laboratory have worked together on the development of a distribution network configuration optimization tool. In this thesis the majority of the work was focused on the modeling part of the problem rather than on the development of new optimization methods. The industrial root of this project gave the opportunity to be very close to the reality of the available network data. Based on those observations,it was more consistent to use exact and precise optimization methods to solved simplified versions of the complex electrical network models.Thus a simple optimization model based on the minimum cost flow problem was developed, and a comparative study between the developed model and state of the art more complex one was led. This simple model was reformulated to become convex and quadratic and to reach better resolution time performances with the same solutions. This optimization problem was developed to take into account a time horizon factor into the optimization of the operation planning of the distribution network. The time horizon factor aim to represent the production and consumption variation over a selected period. Finally. because this model has to be integrated into a decision making helping tool that will be used by the DSO SRD several operational constraints were added into the optimization model. Several state of the art case studies arc presented to validate the model accuracy regarding existing methods. Simulation experiments were done on real networks data to show the applicability of the proposed optimization model over large scale case studies which correspond to the DSO SRO reality
Abdelouadoud, Seddik Yassine. "Intégration des énergies renouvelables au réseau de distribution d'électricité." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0071/document.
Повний текст джерелаMany countries have set up mechanism support in favor of renewable energy development at a short or long term, while, in parallel, long-term scenarios of predominantly renewable energy provisioning are studied. Some of these energies are intermittent and non-dispatchable and, due to the low economies of scale they exhibit, can be deployed in a decentralized manner, integrated in buildings and connected to the distribution system.However, the methods and tools currently used to plan and operate the power system rely on hypothesis of centralized generation and passive distribution network. In this context, this thesis contributes to the development of a method aimed at simulated an active distribution network by proposing three novel approaches: a decomposition and coordination method allowing the integrated simulation of the centralized power system and the active distribution network, an algorithm to solve the single-stage optimal power flow in the distribution system as well as two criticality criteria allowing to decrease the computational burden of the simulation when it is used for planning purposes
Lefort, Romain. "Contribution des technologies CPL et sans fil à la supervision des réseaux de distribution d'électricité." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2253/document.
Повний текст джерелаEstablishing a supervisory infrastructure allows a better smart management than an expensive strengthening of distribution network to respond to new constraints at the energies control (Consumption, REN, EV ...). To transmit data, Power Line Communication (PLC) technologies present an advantage in this context. In fact, it enables a superposition of High Frequency (HF) signals on electrical signal 50/60 Hz. However, electric networks have not been developed to this application because of difficult propagation conditions. This research work makes a contribution to develop a simulation platform in objective to transmit data to 1 MHz. In first time, each network element is studied singly and in second time, together, to estimate "Outdoor PLC" transmission performance. The first element studied is the networks variation in function of frequency and time. Several 24h disturbance measurements on LV customers are presented. The second element is the transformers which established connection between Medium Voltage (MV) and Low Voltage (LV). The proposed modeling method is based on a "lumped model" and a "black box model". These models are applied to a 100 kVA H61 transformer most commonly used by French distribution system operator in rural and suburban networks. The third element is the power line used in MV and LV networks. The proposed modeling method is based on a "cascaded model" from the theory of transmission line. This model is applied to one power line used in LV underground network. Each model is obtained from various impedance measurements. To complete, an introductory study on mobile radio communication is performed to remote network distribution
Giraud, Xavier. "Méthodes et outils pour la conception optimale des réseaux de distribution d'électricité dans les aéronefs." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955887.
Повний текст джерелаRauma, Kalle. "Aspects industriels de la gestion de tension et la capacité d'accueil de la génération photovoltaïque dans les réseaux basse tension." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT036/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, voltage measurements provided by the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) are used to control an on-load tap changer located at the secondary substation. The thesis presents a practical and a straightforward method of selecting the low voltage customers whose voltage measurements are used as an input to the controller of the on-load tap changer. The developed method takes into account the load and the topology of the network. Furthermore, a simple method of creating synthetic and statistically correct load curves for networks studies is presented. The created methods have been tested by using real data of low voltage networks on a common platform in the power distribution industry leading to encouraging results; a few customers per low voltage network should be monitored in order to achieve accurate voltage measurements.This methodology is further applied to estimate the hosting capacity of photovoltaic power generation in a given low voltage network.In the first part, the evolution of the hosting capacity by using three different types of voltage control; an on-load tap changer of five and nine tap positions and voltage control through photovoltaic power generators, is studied. The study considers two different cases for placing and sizing the photovoltaic generators in a low voltage network. The results of 38 low voltage networks are provided.In the second part, the hosting capacities of 631 low voltage networks, located in a French metropolitan area, are analysed by using an on-load tap changer of five and an on-load tap changer of nine tap positions.The work has been together with Électricité Réseau Distribution France (ERDF), the major French distribution system operator. All studies presented in the thesis are based on the real operational data of the company. Moreover, all studies are implemented on a platform that is widely used in the power distribution industry.As an introductory part to low voltage networks, the thesis provides a general view about the French power system. In addition, the thesis presents a number of selected technologies considering low voltage networks that seem promising in the future
Fadi, Ibrahim. "Intégration système temps réel / système d'information géographique : application aux réseaux de distribution d'électricité aux Emirats Arabes Unis." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN1526.
Повний текст джерелаBeaude, Olivier. "Modélisation et optimisation de l'interaction entre véhicules électriques et réseaux d'électricité : apport de la théorie des jeux." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS131/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis studies the technical and economical interaction between electric vehicles and electrical networks. The recent development of electric mobility leads to the analysis of potential impacts of electric vehicle charging on the electrical networks, but also to the possible support that these particular electric consumers could provide in the future smart grids. In this direction, most of the results given in this thesis also apply to a washing machine, a water-heater, a TV, as soon as these equipments are capable of being smart! When the decisions of flexible electric consumers interact, the considered framework naturally offers a unique exercise area for the tools of game-theory. The interpretation is straightforward when the considered problem is strategic by definition, but these tools allow also shedding light on other aspects: algorithmic coordination, information exchange, etc. The description of the benefits of using game-theory in this context is the aim of this work. This is done according to three aspects. In these three directions, a particular attention is drawn to the case of rectangular charging profiles, which are very practical, but often ignored by the literature. First, algorithmic issues arise when coordinating the charging of electric vehicles in a same area of the electrical network. A charging algorithm is proposed and analyzed. This is done by studying an underlying auxiliary game. This game is proved to belong to the class of potential games under very general physical and economic assumptions. In turn, it inherits from the strong properties of this class of games, namely convergence and an efficiency result in the case of a large number of electric vehicles. Considering information exchange, a model is proposed to design a good communication scheme between an operator of the electrical system and an electric vehicle. Both agents have an interest in exchanging information to schedule optimally the charging profile of the electric vehicle but they do not share the same objective. This framework is closely related to Cheap-talk in game theory and to quantization in signal processing. Amongst others, this work explains interesting connections between both topics. Furthermore, a method, which is used offline, is given to obtain a good communication mechanism between both agents. Finally, game theory is used in its traditional form, studying the strategic interaction when groups of a large number of electric vehicles – seen as fleets – coexist with individual vehicles. This allows the application of the very recent concept of composite games. In the three parts of the work, simulations are conducted in a French realistic distribution network, which could be the first part of the electrical system severely impacted by a non-coordinated charging. This highlights the robustness of rectangular charging profiles against forecasting errors on the parameters of the models
Gaonac'h, Thomas. "Contribution à l'analyse de l'impact des véhicules électrifiés sur le réseau de distribution d'électricité." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0021/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years many models of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles are available for sale. The forecasts predict high levels of penetration in the coming years. Indeed, the French government announced two million electric vehicles by 2020. Electric vehicles impact the electric grid by recharging, changing electricity flows in the grid. Electric vehicles charging changes the manner of sizing the grid which is the topic of this manuscript. Moreover, with the development of the smart grids, electric vehicles may have an interest as actor of the electrical system. This study also focuses on trying to determine the balance between interests of electrified vehicles in this context and challenges (in the form of costs) they might encounter if they are involved in the operation of the electric system.The impact of electric vehicles mainly focuses on the distribution grid lines and cables are a major infrastructure of the distribution grid. While many studies focus on electric transformers sizing, few of them analyze the lines and cables of the grid. A desire to fill that gap then appeared. This manuscript deals with the problem of sizing lines' and cables' conductors of the electric distribution grid. Electric vehicles can also be used as electricity storage device to improve the operation of electricity networks. The study also assesses the impact on grid conductors of electric vehicles use for storage (i.e. as a means for operating the system)
Hadjee, Gino Eric. "Gain environnemental lié à une gestion coordonnée de la charge sur les réseaux de distribution d'énergie électrique." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112044.
Повний текст джерелаThe electricity demand has increased with the new developments in the world. This has put the pressure on the power utilities to meet the increasing demand of costumers. On electric power distribution, one simple way for meet this demand is to reinforce the power system capacity. However, this solution need not only expensive investments for electricity distributors but also increases the cost per for the costumers. An innovative way is to operate on costumer level. Then, it is interesting to study the management strategies for smoothing electricity demand curve without compromising the consumers comfort. Generally, the load control located at the level of the house or a group of houses. On this level, it consists in analyzing how a coordinated load management, being based on the typology of the principal electrical appliances, would allow reducing the load peak on distribution network level. On the distributor level, it consists in studying the influence of the tariff profile and proposing an optimization method in order to modify the consumer's behaviour to shift part of the peak load during off peak periods
Karnib, Nour. "Application of Optimization in Regional Distribution Network Reconfiguration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ESMA0001.
Повний текст джерелаIn the domain of operations research, this thesis’s subject consists of optimizing electrical networks (specifically, distribution networks) in terms of power losses. The main adressed problem is the Distribution Network Reconfiguration (DNR) problem and several variations of the problem. The DNR problem is widely studied in the literature and is an effective approach for Distribution System Operators (DSOs) to optimize their networks in terms of power loss due to Joule heat. With the high integration of distributed generation (decentralized generation), reconfiguring the network’s operation scheme becomes crucial to improving the economics for these DSOs. The optimization model consists of a Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP) problem, where the distribution network is represented as a graph, which serves as an input for this MIQP. The binary variables consist of the state of each switch (1 or 0) along with the continuous variables representing the flows in each line. The objective function is the sum of power losses for the configuration selected by the solver. This thesis first reduces the solver’s computational time when the considered loads and generations are static (at one single point in time). It proposes a network reduction method, where the input graph in the MIQP is reduced to decrease the solution’s search space for the solver. With the same goal, a method for eliminating low-impact switches is proposed and tested on an SRD agency network. This method involves proposing a set of operating points for load and generation coefficients across the entire network, where the MIQP is launched sequentially. Then,the low-impact switches in the MIQP are fixed as data, while the most impactful switches remain as variables. The results showed that the proposed method greatly improved computational time, making it roughly 177 times faster in the case of a given operating point independent of the initial ones. After these attempts to reduce the solver’s computational time in the static case, a generalization is proposed, where the goal is to optimize power losses over a time horizon. This is referred to as multiple reconfiguration under operational constraints. Then, the case of free reconfigurations is explored, where no operational constraints are imposed. This case allows the solver to change the solution at each time point, but this approach faces many technological and economic barriers. Finally, in the case of high production integration, where no solution can handle it, power curtailment is introduced to curtail power in excess and maintain a feasible solution
Emelin, Samuel. "Analyse et intercomparaison des choix techniques majeurs en terme de structures de réseau et de règles d'exploitation parmi les grands distributeurs d'électricité." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT042.
Повний текст джерелаFaced to a context of a global lack of growth in electricity consumption, but with many potential development of new uses, added with the appearance of more and more dispersed generation, the main French distribution grid utility needs to question and compare its choicesconcerning grid structure and exploitation practices. Grid building principles have a greatimpact over its capacity to integrate at low cost consumption and production facilities, whilemeeting society needs, mainly continuity of supply. This work allows to compare thosetechnical choices between France and other countries, to determine where French utilitystands and what are its specific features in a worldwide technical environment.After setting a perspective about uses and production development, mainly on the basis of French legislation, the overall distribution grid architecture is described. Functional differences in structure choices in the world are then analysed, their consequences in thesizing of equipments is underlined. Then the equilibrium between voltage levels is questioned,as the effect of territorial features on the grid. Finally, new technical choices are proposed after advantages and drawbacks analysis of existing world grids
Nadaud, Franck. "Hétérogénéité spatiale d'un service de réseau, équité et efficacité collective : la distribution rurale d'électricité et la maîtrise de la demande." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00334731.
Повний текст джерелаNotre question de départ porte donc sur la rationalité de l'élargissement de la démarche de l'optimisation sectorielle sous contrainte d'équité à la rationalisation des usages de l'électricité dans l'espace hétérogène de la fourniture d'électricité en zones rurales. La dérive des besoins de renforcement de réseaux ruraux a conduit ainsi à partir de 1995 le régulateur à encourager les collectivités qui sont les propriétaires et investisseurs en réseaux ruraux à rechercher des alternatives moins coûteuses du côté de la demande pour deux raisons économiques. D'abord les réseaux basse tension ruraux sont généralement très longs et comptent peu de clients desservis, par conséquent, l'optimisation des usages chez les clients peut s'avérer beaucoup moins coûteuse que le simple renforcement du réseau. Ensuite cette optimisation permet de rétablir l'équité de la qualité de fourniture entre les clients par le biais de la baisse des besoins d'investissement mais aussi par la réduction du temps d'attente pour les plus défavorisés, autrement dit, les clients situés sur les réseaux les plus coûteux à renforcer.
Cette question conduit à analyser d'abord historiquement les institutions de l'électrification rurale dans le contexte évolutif de consolidation de l'industrie électrique en régime de monopole public pour repérer les structures d'intérêts inhérentes à cette organisation qui conduisent à une inefficience sociale à la fois en termes d'efficacité économique et en termes d'équité. Ce qui mène à un double questionnement :
- comment compléter les institutions de l'électrification rurale pour modifier les incitations des propriétaires de réseaux ruraux à investir au-delà du compteur chez l'usager ?
- comment, dans une situation de forte hétérogénéité spatiale des fonctions locales d'offre et de demande d'électricité dans l'espace rural, repérer les points de réseaux en sous-optimalité économique ?
Dans un chapitre liminaire nous définirons précisément l'objet de la thèse à partir du repérage des difficultés d'application de l'innovation réglementaire que constitue la MDE dans la distribution d'électricité en zones rurales. Ce repérage s'effectue par l'analyse de l'organisation de la distribution rurale et de la place du régime d'électrification dont on peut déduire les intérêts des agents économique et des acteurs politiques qui constituent les barrières à cette innovation réglementaire.
Dans la première partie on caractérise dans le premier chapitre la trajectoire institutionnelle de l'électrification rurale à partir du projet initial de solidarité nationale sous l'effet de la dynamique des consommations rurales puis de la diffusion des usages thermiques de l'électricité sur les réseaux ruraux induit par des stratégies de développement commercial totalement extérieures au dispositif de solidarité nationale. L'introduction de la MDE s'inscrit dans une mouvement de correction et d'adaptation de ce régime.
Dans la seconde partie d'analyse économique normative, le constat précédent conduit à identifier les défauts d'incitation à la MDE qui sont sous-jacents aux institutions de l'électrification rurale et à la structuration de ses acteurs pour repérer comment contourner cet obstacle. Ce constat conduit aussi à imaginer une méthode de calcul économique permettant de prendre en compte les paramètres d'hétérogénéité spatiale de la demande et des coûts de réseau en développement pour répondre à l'évolution de la fonction de demande spatialisée.
Au premier niveau d'analyse, on procède dans le quatrième chapitre à une analyse microéconomique du comportement des différents types d'acteurs de l'électrification rurale en partant de leur fonction : régulateur, propriétaire-investisseur ou exploitant, du type de choix qui relève de leurs fonctions et de leurs contraintes pour analyser la structure d'incitations à l'investissement en réseau et à la MDE. On insiste plus particulièrement sur la nature d'acteur politique de l'agent investisseur que sont les collectivités locales, nature qui éloigne du comportement de l'agent économique rationnel. On examine en particulier la relation d'asymétrie d'information entre propriétaires-investisseurs et le régulateur qui répartit les aides à l'investissement. Cette asymétrie porte sur les coûts ex-ante et ex-post des projets. Dans la relation principal-agent, la structure informationnelle est compliquée dans le cas réel par l'imperfection même de l'information que détiennent les agents sur leurs projets. Ces défauts de la structure informationnelle expliquent la dérive du régime d'électrification rurale et les défauts d'allocation des ressources.
A ce même niveau d'analyse, on propose dans le cinquième chapitre des correctifs afin d'améliorer l'allocation des ressources du régime d'électrification rurale. On identifie des règles visant à inciter à la MDE les propriétaires investisseurs en recherche récurrente de subventions. Nous utilisons une méthode de calcul du surplus social des actions de MDE et d'identification de sa répartition en termes d'avantages-coûts entre les différents agents parties prenantes : les consommateurs, les propriétaires investisseurs et l'exploitant vendeur d'électricité (ici EDF). L'idée est de sortir du seul mode d'évaluation en cours qui ne regarde que l'avantage net pour les collectivités qui investissent alors que les autres agents bénéficient des actions de MDE. Ceci conduit à définir un mode de réallocation d'une partie des externalités positives des actions de MDE sur l'agent investisseur. On teste ainsi le principe de versements incitatifs à la MDE sous la forme de dotations supplémentaires sous réserve de certification des gains en investissement dégagés par les collectivités.
Au second niveau d'analyse normative, dans le sixième chapitre, on se confronte à l'obstacle de l'hétérogénéité des actions de MDE dans le but d'éviter le coût administratif très élevé d'une multitude d'actions dispersées spatialement pour définir une méthode d'évaluation des potentiels de MDE par repérage des configurations les plus intéressantes. Le fondement de cette approche propose de dépasser le caractère aspatial de l'analyse économique (Ponsard, 1986, 1988) par le biais d'une articulation entre deux catégories d'hétérogénéités spatiales : d'une part celle du réseau électrique (Juricic, 1975) et d'autre part celle des déterminants de la demande. Nous supposons que les lieux sont porteurs de sens sur le plan économique, au travers des caractéristiques du réseau et de la demande, ce qui nous conduit à construire un zonage géographique comme moyen de faire apparaître simultanément les attributs économiques pertinents associés aux lieux (Beguin et Thisse, 1979).
L'objectif de cette méthode est de permettre de concevoir des projets de MDE d'ampleur significative à l'échelle d'un département. Il s'agit donc d'une méthodologie de recherche des potentiels économiques de MDE qui repose sur une approche d'analyse statistique spatialisée dont le but est de produire un zonage de l'espace pertinent sur le plan des projets de MDE. Le zonage est ensuite mobilisé pour proposer des paniers d'actions et sélectionner des zones d'intervention de MDE dont le montant des économies d'investissement en renforcement de réseaux est calculé.
Hamadache, Mohamed. "Détermination des besoins pour l'élaboration d'une stratégie de maintenance des équipements automatisés du réseau aérien de distribution d'électricité à moyenne tension." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/643/1/HAMADACHE_Mohamed.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLagier, Thomas. "Convertisseurs continu-continu pour les réseaux d'électricité à courant continu." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0084.
Повний текст джерелаThe catastrophic environmental effects seen in the last couple of decades have encouraged many countries to increase the proportion of C02-free energy from renewable sources. However, for the easier integration of these energies on a large scale, the need of a European SuperGrid has emerged. This new grid, mainly based on High-Voltage- Direct-Current (HVDC) will require the use of DC-DC converters. Therefore, this manuscript proposes and studies topologies based on the association of isolated elementary DC-DC converters. It is organized in one introduction, 3 chapters and one conclusion. In the introduction, a state-of-the-art of the technologies currently used in HVDC applications is proposed. The context of the study, linked to development of the meshed DC grids, is developed afterwards. In the first chapter, solutions based on the association of elementary isolated DC-DC converters are studied and then compared in terms of reactive components sizing and efficiency. This study permitted the selection of three topologies for the rest of our work. In the second chapter, we mention the issues which may appear during the implementation of the solution. Then, by taking an offshore wind farm as application case, the solution is compared, in terms of loss and component number, with a topology based on the association of Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) currently used in HVDC grids. The third chapter presents the study and the implementation of two 100 kW DC-DC converter prototypes, operating at 1.2 kV. These prototypes allowed the experimental validation of the performances of the topologies studied in the first chapter. Finally, the last part proposes a conclusion of the work achieved in this thesis. This work allowed it to be shown that the proposed solutions are interesting for the selected application case
Saplacan, Pop Roxana. "L' analyse des performances de la distribution d'électricité en environnement concurrentiel." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA111023.
Повний текст джерелаRossignol, Alexandre. "Stockage d'électricité et système électrique en mutation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLD043.
Повний текст джерелаIn addition to facilitating the development of renewable energies, electricity storage helps to strengthen the security of electricity supply. By shifting electricity consumption over time, storage makes it possible to better correlate demand with supply. It also contributes to the diversification of flexibilities, necessary due to the intermittency, variability and decentralized nature of renewable electricity production. Until 2019, there was no legal framework governing the electricity storage activity. For convenience, the public authorities qualified the storage operator as both a producer and an end consumer of electricity. But the energy policy choices, mainly focused on the development of intermittent renewable electricity production, gave renewed interest to electricity storage from the mid-2010s, which led the European legislator to create a legal framework specific to the storage activity within the framework of the fourth energy “package”. Although the new European legislative framework for the internal electricity market has introduced several provisions referring to electricity storage, the current French legal framework remains insufficient, with certain European provisions also being insufficient
Denis, Éric. "Chronique géographique de la distribution de gaz et d'électricité en France." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN1120.
Повний текст джерелаLu, Wei. "Le délestage optimal pour la prévention des grandes pannes d'électricité." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0034.
Повний текст джерелаWith the spread of deregulation, power systems are operated more and more close to their security and stability limits, and system conditions have become increasingly complex. Under this situation, blackouts occur more often, and large-scale blackouts cause enormous economic losses and social problems. Firstly, we analyze 37 important blackouts in the world from 1965 to 2005. And we classify their features in each phase, summarize their mechanism and give some recommendations for preventing the future blackouts. From the analysis, cascade overload and voltage collapse are the major incidents in the blackouts and a real-time system to prevent the blackouts is necessary. Based on the new measurement and control technologies – Wide-area measurement system (WAMS), we propose a new real-time power system stability control system. This system could provide the optimal real-time solutions based on load shedding to prevent the system instability. Load shedding, an effective method to prevent blackouts, has been widely used in power systems. Previous load-shedding plans were usually prearranged with the estimation of the system's emergency condition. However, sometimes, predesigned load shedding could not prevent blackouts in the complex and non-forecasted system conditions. We propose three real-time optimal load shedding methods and the optimal strategies which focus on the real-time non-forecasted system situation and realize both voltage stability and transient stability after load shedding. The smart home system is a system which could control the energy and keep comfort in the house at the same time. The soft load shedding, which is based on the smart home system, could realize the load shedding without switching the customer supply off. The concept of soft load shedding is then completely different from the classic load shedding
Lu, Wei. "Le délestage optimal pour la prévention des grandes pannes d'électricité." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00405654.
Повний текст джерелаAmiel-Cosme, Laurence. "Les réseaux de distribution." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010296.
Повний текст джерелаThe distribution network is an entiry organized with the sum of individual wills, joining together a supplier, the integrator, and several resellers, integrated distributors. This device gives birth to principal standard agreements linked to accessory contracts creating a group of synallagmatical contracts, concluded in the common interest of its members in order to organize the resale of products and or service supplies to a final consumer, on a determined market. Defined as above, the criteria to create a distributioin network are the following : first, to exist, the network must be based on a plurality of individual wills joining together a supplier to a multitude of distributors, which could be materialized in a group of standard agreements. Second, the creation of the network implies putting capital contributions in common. The distributors place at the network disposal their professional skills. Moreover, the rendering of services of the ones who acquire the title of integrated distributor may involves thatthe multiplicity of intuitus personae links be placed at the disposal of an intuitus firmae. As for the integrator, the placing at disposal of a commercial sign or equipment allows to adopt the qualification of network capital contribution. Besides, being a member of this network materializes the existence of an affectio cooperandi which reflects a real will to collaborate, in good faith and at the same legal level, to the development of the common goal. Finally, there is no responsability for losses and profits of the network. Each membre, as a legal independant entity, acts at his her own risks. The distribution network is the appropriate form to face the legal reality in addition to the economical one, without the necessity for the legislative power to recognize a legal entity to this association of persons
Randriamialy, Rakotomalala Haliravaka. "Réseaux de distribution et Internet." Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10015.
Повний текст джерелаBeligha, Yvan. "Réseaux de distribution et protection." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0297.
Повний текст джерелаIf the reality of the network is not in doubt, its legal recognition still has to be ratified. It is generally presented as a sum of contracts organizing relations between the supplier and its distributors. This results in a double consequence. From an internal point of view, only the bilateral link established between the supplier and each distributor is privileged, so that the protection in the network is only equivalent to the protection of the parties to the contract. Still, the asymmetry of power between the parties and the distributor's dependence may give rise to fears of abuses on the part of the supplier, imbalances that the law of obligations and competition try to stem. From an external point of view, the network is devoid of any legal consistency with regard to third parties, this is particularly evident in the context of parallel trade for which it is considered that the existence of the network is not sufficient to prohibit third parties to resell in parallel. The value of the network and the damage done to it are therefore not taken into account. The objective of this study is therefore to integrate the existence of the network within the existing intrinsic and extrinsic protection regime. Highlighting the holistic dimension of the network will lead us from the current protection regime by integrating the impact and consideration of the network
Nasser, Mohamed. "Supervision de sources de production d'électricité hybrides éolien/hydraulique dans les réseaux d'énergie interconnectés ou isolés." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00593845.
Повний текст джерелаMardenalom, Yannick. "Etude comparative des réseaux de distribution." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10016.
Повний текст джерелаDubarry, Marie. "Les réseaux de distribution et l'internet." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10016.
Повний текст джерелаProfessional retailing business is changed by a new communication tool : the internet (instantaneousness, interactivity and internationality. Each actor of existing distribution networks which are selective, exclusive selling and franchise agreement want to integrate this new selling tool. The communication dematerialization sets problems : the legality to using the internet in accordance with law texts, case law and network contracts in progress, new objective conditions for the admission in this electronic distribution network, technical modes to respect exclusive rights within a given territory. New intermediation distribution networks are born : electronic affiliation contract allows making known trademark and products to anyone due to hypertext. It is a brokerage contract. There are electronic marketplaces which have arisen. Thet gather buyers and suppliers on a same electronic infrastructure : e-marketplaces are brokers. These platforms sell other services like stock management from afar. So, electronic market places create problems in accordance with concentration law, restrictive practices, abuse of dominant position and essential facilities law. These new electronic distribution networks create property business with tangible and intangible assets of business
Sua, Mehmet. "Les effets des réseaux de distribution." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10064.
Повний текст джерелаThe analysis of the collective dimension of distribution networks in Turkish law reveals to observe in concrete the legal effects induced between the network members by the interlacing of bilateral contracts. It is important to note that the network is not formed by simple addition of contracts but with interlacing of contracts that produce legal effects for all contractors. This research applies to highlight how far a network can develop responsibilities and obligations to its members and aims to systematize the general rules of network which can organize these induced effects while respecting the limits of the law of contract. In the absence of a contractual provision, the network rules can be induced at the expense of the adherents are very small compared to those induced at the expense of the promoter, since the adherents do not have the power of directing the network comparable to the promoter's. On the one hand, adherents of the same network cannot act in their function as distributor as if he does not belong to the same network, in other words, each member has a duty to consider the other adherents in the accomplishment of its obligations, since it is about obligations where the non-execution affects the business of other members or the common image of the network, on the other hand, being the founder and permanent director of a contractual system, the promoter has the obligation to assure the coherence and cohesion of the network
Ngo, Hoang Giang. "De l'interconnexion à la coopération des systèmes pair-à-pair." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937695.
Повний текст джерелаBriceno, Vicente Wendy Carolina. "Modélisation des réseaux de distribution sous incertitudes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736141.
Повний текст джерелаMarx, Valérie. "La dimension collective des réseaux de distribution." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10043.
Повний текст джерелаModrzejewski, Remigiusz. "Distribution et Stockage de Contenus dans les Réseaux." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917032.
Повний текст джерелаBriceno, vicente Wendy carolina. "Modélisation stochastique des réseaux de distribution sous incertitude." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845650.
Повний текст джерелаBriceño, Vicente Wendy Carolina. "Modélisation stochastique des réseaux de distribution sous incertitude." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT053/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe recent developments in power systems, as consequence of the market deregulation and the international treaties, as the ones originated by the Kyoto Protocol, have serious repercussions in power networks. Particularly on distribution networks, given that a large amount of distributed generation units are connected in the grid. For instance, renewable energy sources, that are used as distributed generation, are well-known for being distributed in nature and highly unpredictable. This fact adds a strong constraint on planning and operating the distribution networks that were not originally designed to accommodate distributed generation on a large scale. To this aim, this thesis examines the impact of uncertainties on classical power system planning studies, where classical static and dynamic planning studies are carried out in several power networks taking into account some sources of uncertainty. These uncertainties are modeled in the static studies using a probabilistic and a possibilistic approach. The possibilistic approach offers good advantages over the probabilistic method in terms of time consumption and precision. The maximum wind power penetration is determined for a small mesh network by the probabilistic method using dynamic and static stability simulations of the power system
Borissova, Miroslava Andonova. "L' investisseur face aux réseaux de distribution d'OPCVM." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA4023.
Повний текст джерелаThe UCITS directive is one of the most important regulations in the field of the investment funds. As tributaries of the imagination of professionals, the various UCITS distribution networks are constantly evolving. Spurred on by open architecture, important changes in the UCITS distribution area ensued. Bearing in mind the reorganization of the distribution networks; the question of the adequate protection of non-professional investors’ interests becomes all the more important. The UCITS subscriber is confronted with a multitude of intermediaries subject to various sets of laws and national statutes. The regulatory environment on the matter proves to be particularly complex. There is no coherent framework for the distribution models of these coordinated funds. Ensuring clarity in the regulations is necessary, in particular because of the existing dependence between the quality of protection of the investors and the structure adopted by the distribution networks. The creation of a harmonized mode of UCITS distribution appears to be the most suitable way to provide a better framework for relations between the UCITS subscribers and their direct interlocutors–the distributors
Farias, de Barros Heitor. "Planification de réseaux de distribution mixtes AC/DC." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT050.
Повний текст джерелаThe increasing integration of utility-scale DC-native energy resources, such as photovoltaic systems, electric vehicles, storage systems, and data centers, challenges the conventional choice of AC distribution systems at the Medium Voltage (MV) level. This research aims to evaluate the technical and economic viability of AC/DC MV distribution networks by developing planning tools for hybrid networks.The study proposes optimal distribution system planning models to address point-to-point MVDC connections and hybrid topologies, which incorporate DC resources connected to the system through DC/DC converters, using formulations such as Mixed Integer Linear, Quadratic and Second Order Conic Programming. Some of the key contributions of this research include an extensive literature review of planning hypotheses, the proposal of a linear model of losses for AC/DC and DC/DC conversion stations accounting for part-load efficiency, the incorporation of topological constraints to accommodate piece-wise radial topologies, and the assessment of economic benefits across a wide range of parameters within the framework of unbundled electricity markets.Future perspectives include investigating the scalability of the proposed models to larger-scale distribution networks, exploring emerging trends in the optimization solving and including design-related choices in the planning tools
Gladkikh, Egor. "Optimisation de l'architecture des réseaux de distribution d'énergie électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT055/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo cope with the changes in the energy landscape, electrical distribution networks are submitted to operational requirements in order to guarantee reliability indices. In the coming years, big investments are planned for the construction of flexible, consistent and effective electrical networks, based on the new architectures, innovative technical solutions and in response to the development of renewable energy. Taking into account the industrial needs of the development of future distribution networks, we propose in this thesis an approach based on the graph theory and combinatorial optimization for the design of new architectures for distribution networks. Our approach is to study the general problem of finding an optimal architecture which respects a set of topological (redundancy) and electrical (maximum current, voltage plan) constraints according to precise optimization criteria: minimization of operating cost (OPEX) and minimization of investment (CAPEX). Thus, the two families of combinatorial problems (and their relaxations) were explored to propose effective resolutions (exact or approximate) of the distribution network planning problem using an adapted formulation. We are particularly interested in 2-connected graphs and the arborescent flow problem with minimum quadratic losses. The comparative results of tests on the network instances (fictional and real) for the proposed methods were presented
Diop, Fallilou. "Analyses probabilistes pour l'étude des réseaux électriques de distribution." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC055/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe current changes on the electrical system bring out economic and technical issues in the management of the latter. Among these issues, the impact of distributed generation and VEs on the technical constraints of the distribution network. The aim of this thesis is to study probabilistic models to estimate the impacts of photovoltaic production and electrical vehicles on medium and low voltage distribution networks. Two different probabilistic models of production and consumption were studied : one based on the fitting of historical data by one probability density function, the other one based on the data clustered in groups defined by a standard profile and a probability of occurrence. Three probabilistic load flow technics have been studied in this thesis. The first is based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the second is based on the PEM approximation method and the last, based on the use of clustering, is called pseudo Monte Carlo method
El, Dick Manal. "P2P Infrastruture for content distribution." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2127.
Повний текст джерелаLe Web connaît ces dernières années un essor important qui implique la mise en place de nouvelles solutions de distribution de contenu répondant aux exigences de performance, passage à l’échelle et robustesse. De plus, le Web 2. 0 a favorisé la participation et la collaboration entre les utilisateurs tout en mettant l’accent sur les systèmes P2P qui reposent sur un partage de ressources et une collaboration décentralisée. Nous avons visé, à travers cette thèse, la construction d’une infrastructure P2P pour la distribution de contenu. Toutefois, cette tâche est difficile étant donné le comportement dynamique et autonome des pairs ainsi que la nature des overlays P2P. Dans une première étape, nous nous intéressons au partage de fichiers en P2P. Nous abordons le problème de consommation de bande passante sous deux angles : l’inefficacité de la recherche et les transferts de fichiers longue distance. Notre solution Locaware consiste à mettre en cache des index de fichiers avec des informations sur leurs localités. Elle fournit également un support efficace pour les requêtes par mots clés qui sont courantes dans ce genre d’applications. Dans une deuxième étape, nous élaborons une infrastructure CDN P2P qui permet à tout site populaire et sous-provisionné de distribuer son contenu, par l’intermédiaire de sa communauté d’utilisateurs intéressés. Pour un routage efficace, l’infrastructure Flower-CDN combine intelligemment différents types d’overlays avec des protocoles épidémiques tout en exploitant les intérêts et les localités des pairs. PetalUp-CDN assure le passage à l’échelle alors que les protocoles de maintenance garantissent la robustesse face à la dynamicité des pairs. Nous évaluons nos solutions au travers de simulations intensives ; les résultats montrent des surcoûts acceptables et d’excellentes performances, en termes de taux de hit et de temps de réponse
Sidqi, Yousra. "Analyse et planification fractales des réseaux électriques du futur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT089.
Повний текст джерелаUrban infrastructure analysis has shifted recently from the original considerations about housing and urban segregation to a more systemic view of new facilities and utilities taking into consideration urban metabolism and vulnerabilities, smart cities, communication networks and urban networks (water, roads,..). Complex relationships between the urban structure and daily mobility were investigated and scrutinized in the literature.Power systems are a key infrastructure of smart cities. They are supposed to become in the future more and more scaling because they are made of recursive assembly of active devices, smart buildings, micro-grids, district grids…Studying the relationships of the power grid with related networks within this urban structure is getting more attention as part of planning more sustainable, energy efficient future cities.Classical approaches used to investigate power systems are mono-scale; hence they do not allow to comprehend complex systems with structural elements often belonging to different scales. Understanding this complexity helps design flexible and resilient architectures for the optimization of smart grids operations. This is a major challenge to increase efficiency and to avoid or better manage random breakdowns.Moreover, at an urban level, power networks provide energy access to buildings. Their spatial development should thus be correlated to built-up patterns. We may as well expect that power networks go through existing corridors, which means here the street networks. Therefore, it seems interesting to explore to what extent the current power grid fits the existing built-up spaces and road network. This will lead to a better perception of how the current power grid spatial coverage is with regard to the road network. These results would ultimately be used to propose a reconfiguration of the existing urban structures but and also a new architecture for future planning of urban districts.Traditional models such as complex networks theory, stochastic geometry or random graph do not consider geometrical, functional and dynamical aspects of a city and its associated networks at the same time. Hence, we carry out a fractal-based approach to analyze the properties of power systems and understand their organization across scales. To show the usefulness of our approach, results are shown for Grenoble’s Medium Voltage network but also on the LV network of the Franche-Comté region. We will focus on the structural concordance between the power grid, the road network and the buildings.Fractal geometry has been widely and rather successfully used for over twenty years in disciplines like meteorology, biology, physics, thermodynamics, art, history, philosophy of seismology but also in geography. While considering urban fabrics, fractal analysis turned out to be a powerful instrument for exploring their spatial organization. Public transportation networks were considered as well and showed a connection between both built-up spaces and street networks.The fractal approach is geometrical, which makes it possible to study spatial phenomena either by using reference models or morphometric fractal measurements. By using fractal measurements, we can verify the existence of hierarchical scaling laws in spatial distributions. Being able to study a phenomenon throughout different scales provides the possibility of discovering thresholds or breaks within spatial organization.Urban fabrics and related networks are usually not issued from any coherent planning process and show no obvious specific organization. However, they are deeply multiscale, reaching the metropolitan scale to that of buildings. Hence, using fractals seems to be an interesting way to characterize these forms and unravel the complexity of underlying layers, which is a step further than classical Euclidian approaches
Beltran, Alain. "L'énergie électrique dans la région parisienne entre 1878 et 1946 : production, distribution et consommation d'électricité dans le département de la Seine." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040405.
Повний текст джерелаHistory of electricity supply and electricity consumption in the Seine district between the 1878 universal exhibition and the 1946 nationalization of the French electricity supply industry
Laurent, Patrick. "Colonisation bactérienne des réseaux de distribution :étude expérimentale et modélisation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212600.
Повний текст джерелаBiserica, Monica ionela. "Observabilité et reconstitution d'état des réseaux de distribution du futur." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721967.
Повний текст джерелаBiserica, Monica Ionela. "Observabilité et reconstitution d'état des réseaux de distribution du futur." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT085/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the future, distribution networks will become intelligent and active and will be operated as close as possible to their limits, with the advent of deregulation and with the introduction of mass production that will lead to a decentralized infrastructure, this will guide to an optimization of energy for environmental issues in one side, but also to the introduction of competition in a sector once monopolistic. If the potential of distributed generation in the distribution networks is to be fully exploited, we will make these networks observable through measures which will be integrated into supervision systems and control, because without observability and reconstruction of network status, control network is impossible. For a large distribution network (a few thousand nodes), with an important quantity of distributed generation, real-time observability becomes very difficult. In the scientific literature, there is no work taking into consideration intelligent networks and reconfigurable of the future with decentralized mass power generation. The challenge of the project will be to develop algorithms of reconstruction of the state of the network, taking into account the characteristics of the networks of the future, to validate and integrate them into management tools distribution networks. The reconstruction of the state will assist in the automation and hence the introduction of intelligence in the distribution networks of the future and the insertion massive distributed generation
Achir, Nadjib. "Distribution de la vidéo multi-objets dans les réseaux hétérogènes." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066499.
Повний текст джерелаDias, De Amorim Marcelo. "Distribution de flux en couches dans les réseaux multicast hétérogènes." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS009V.
Повний текст джерелаCaire, Raphaël. "Gestion de la production décentralisée dans les réseaux de distribution." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0084.
Повний текст джерелаDeregulations of the energy market, followed by many privatizations, and vertical disintegrations brought a complete reorganization of the electric sector. The opening of the energy markets as well as the technological developments of the means of production of small and average power strongly encourage this evolution. A systematic methodology to study the transmission of impacts between the Low and Medium Voltage is initially proposed, after a quick state of the art of the various possible impacts. The voltage deviattion is then identified as the most critical impact. This criticality is supported by quantitative studies on French typical networks, and is confirmed by the related literature. In order to solve this impact, a research of the means of action within tension of the distribution network and their modeling is carried out. As the manipulated variables of the means of adjustment available are discrete or continuous, specific tools are then developed to coordinate them. This coordination is pressed on optimization algorithms developed by holding account of inherent specificity with the manipulated variables. A methodology for the choice or optimal location of the adjustment means associated with a management of the voltage deviation is presented. Lastly, "decentralized" strategies of coordination for the means of adjustment and a proposal for a experimental validation are presented, thanks to a real time simulator, making it possible to test the strategies of coordination and the necessary means of communication
Claeys, Gérald. "Modélisation de la production indépendante dans les réseaux de distribution." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0054.
Повний текст джерелаPower Systems are under going profond changes both in structure and opérations. Thèse changes are due to the restructring of the power industry almost ail over the wold. In this context, the development of the small power génération that can be connected to the distribution level has been one of the important and major aspect of thèse changes. This type of génération is designated under the name of "Embedded génération" or "Dispersed génération". However, distribution networks were not designed to operate with large number of generating units. Hence, the insertion of this génération will hâve an impact on the control and the opérations of thèse distribution networks. In order to study this impact, it is necessary to hâve models that can represent the behavior of the various groups likely to be connected on this network. In this thesis, we hâve developed an original model for a turbocharger Diesel engine. This model is of the type "mean torque". Its structure is modular. Each module represents a functionality of the engine. The fundamental approach consists of taking into account only dynamic mechanics of the engine ; the various thermodynamic variables being given in progress simulation by a quasi-static method. Simulation tests hâve been performed on a real distribution network (55 nodes). The results hâve showed the efficiency of the developed model
Claeys, Gérald. "Modélisation de la production indépendante dans les réseaux de distribution." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597652.
Повний текст джерелаRomary, David. "Etude technico-économique des systèmes de production et distribution de chaleur et de force : application au tertiaire." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10230.
Повний текст джерела