Дисертації з теми "Réseaux de capteurs (technologie) – Alimentation en énergie"
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Le, Trong Nhan. "Global power management system for self-powered autonomous wireless sensor node." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S048/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe limited energy and recharge cycles of batteries are crippling the design of autonomous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). To overcome this issue, everlasting harvested energy and supercapacitor-based energy storage are considered as potential solutions to achieve a theoretically infinite lifetime. A Power Manager (PM) is embedded in each WSN node to respect the Energy Neutral Operation condition (ENO), which means harvested energy is equal to consumed energy for a long period. In this thesis, a set of PMs are proposed for energy harvesting WSN nodes to adapt their average consumed energy by changing the wake-up interval according to the available harvested energy. Our PMs are low complexity, independent of energy sources, small memory footprint and therefore, can be easily implemented on a real EH-WSN node. Another issue addressed in this thesis when considering a multi-hop EH-WSN is the effect of wake-up interval variations to the global QoS. Due to its low harvested energy, a relay node is impractical to synchronize with a transmitter if its wake-up interval regularly changes, therefore degrading the global QoS. A new power manager, named Wake-up Variation Reduction power manager (WVR-PM) is proposed to reduce the variations of the wake-up interval. By using WVR-PM, the throughput of a multi-hop EH-WSN can be improved up to 59% compare to state-of-the-art PMs while the average consumed energy for one successful communication is reduced by 45%
Kalaagi, Mohammed. "Métasurfaces pour la récupération d'énergie électromagnétique et le transfert d'énergie sans fil dans l'environnement ferroviaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUI049.
Повний текст джерелаThe interest for electric energy power supply to different components in the railway infrastructure, has become an interesting research topic with the gain of popularity for railway systems. To develop a smart, reliable, safe and autonomous railway system, specially with the rise of different technologies such as Internet of things (IoT) devices and wireless sensor nodes (WSN), electric power supply is needed for such that devices are implemented in a reliable and autonomous manner. Energy harvesting and wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies can be a key element for power supply to such devices, to build a sufficient and convenient system. A high level of EM energy has been shown to exist up to the microwave region and which can have a high potential for EM energy harvesting.The aim of this work is to develop novel concepts based on metasurfaces, to enhance the potential and performance of EM energy harvesting and WPT technologies which can be compatible for the application in the railway environment. The main challenge is to design an efficient and compact device specially at low MHz frequencies where conventional rectenna systems can be insufficient.We first propose a novel concept to enhance the efficiency of EM conventional or off-the-shelf commercialized rectenna systems. It is based on the focusing of the ambient EM waves in an area where it can be harvested by a rectenna system. The design of focusing metasurface based on the hyperboloidal profile of the generalized phase law is proposed: the incident ambient EM energy in the far-field, is concentrated at a point known as the focal point at a given distance from the metasurface design. The metasurface designed is simulated and experimental validations in both near field and far field are proposed. Measurements have been carried in the anechoic chamber to validate the concept using a commercialized rectenna system and the focusing metasurface design at 900 MHz. The results have shown that, when implementing the rectenna system along side the focusing metasurface, the received power is enhanced by a factor of 5. Field tests were then conducted: the system was then implemented in the railway environment in the presence of a GSM-R base station, where the results have shown that, when implementing the metasurface along side the rectenna device, -20 dBm of received power was achieved which can be sufficent to wake up low-input-power devices such as wireless sensors, whereas the rectenna device (commercial energy harvester) alone showed poor results of received power around -40 dBm.An alternative solution for wireless electric power supply in the railway system is WPT. However, one of the main challenges for such technologies in this case can be line of sight with mobilty issues: better tracking and wider detection angle of the fed device is required. In this case, the design of multi-angle retrodirective metasurfaces based on different concepts such as cascading of various metamaterial super-cell designs, and surface impedance modulation are proposed. These designs can be implemented along side the fed device (IoT or WSN), in order to enhance the localization and tracking of the fed device beyond the common line-of-signt limitations reaching extreme oblique incident angles. Other solutions for efficiency enhancement and miniaturization for EM energy harvesting systems based on absorbing metasurfaces are proposed at low microwave frequencies
Bramas, Quentin. "Réseaux de capteurs sans fil efficaces en énergie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066309/document.
Повний текст джерелаA wireless sensor network is an ad-hoc network connecting small devices equipped with sensors. Such networks are self-organized and independent of any infrastructure. The deployment of a WSN is possible in areas inaccessible to humans, or for applications with a long lifetime requirement. Indeed, devices in a wireless sensor network are usually battery-powered, tolerate failure, and may use their own communication protocols, allowing them to optimize the energy consumption. The main application of WSNs it to sense the environment at different locations and aggregate all the data to a specific node that logs it and can send alerts if necessary. This task of data aggregation is performed regularly, making it the most energy consuming. As reducing the energy consumed by sensor is the leading challenge to ensure sustainable applications, we tackle in this thesis the problem of aggregating efficiently the data of the network. Then, we study lifetime evaluation techniques and apply it to benchmark existing energy-centric protocols
Khan, Zeeshan Ali. "Approche multi-niveaux pour la conception de réseaux de capteurs sans fil optimisés en énergie." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4027.
Повний текст джерелаThe sensor networks are considered to have the potential to create efficient monitoring applications. A typical wireless sensor node comprises of sensing, computing and networking capabilities. These devices are cooperatively networked to gather process and forward the data towards the interested users. They have limited battery capacity and sometimes the battery replacement is not considered to be a practical option. In case of video monitoring applications, they have to forward the multimedia packets having real-time deadlines. Thus, there is a need to have an energy efficient and minimum delay data dissemination design techniques based on the application requirement. Keeping in mind the processing capabilities of these devices, it is considered a challenging task. This thesis presents an energy efficient and minimum delay data dissemination design for a disaster management application installed inside a building. In this application, a building is considered to be a disastrous situation such at on fire. Based on the data forwarded by the installed sensor network, the first responders decide the rescue and first extinguishing strategy. There exists two class of network associated with the application. On considers the monitoring of physical parameters such as temperature, pressure and humidity inside the building and the second one performs the task of video surveillance inside the network. Sensing physical parameters do not need large processing capabilities due to less amount of data communication. Thus, the main research interest is to optimize the energy consumption due to date transmission. On the other hand, video surveillance application has to forward a large amount of video streaming packets. There is a need to not only minimize the energy consumption but also to minimize the packet delivery delay it orders to meet the application layer deadlines. Thus, we focus on the efficient delivery of data for these two network classes. The first contribution of the thesis talks about the virtual data dissemination architecture for collecting the data in an energy efficient manner. The considered network collects the physical parameters such as temperature, pressure and humidity inside the building. The second contribution focuses on the energy efficient minimum delay routing metrics for the video streaming application operating inside the building. It minimizes the delay so that the application layer deadlines are fulfilled with minimum energy consumption. The third contribution explores the usage of multichannel design in the sensor network. The centralized and distributed channel allocation mechanisms are described that tries to minimize the interference between communicating nodes in order to increase the network throughput. The first contribution targets the physical parameters monitoring network and second and third contribution focuses on video surveillance network. The efficiency of the proposed approaches are evaluated through simulations in Network Simulator NS-2
Todeschini, Fabien. "Dimensionnement énergétique de réseaux de capteurs ultra-compacts autonomes en énergie." Thesis, Supélec, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014SUPL0008/document.
Повний текст джерелаWireless sensors have a bright future so their development is causing a lot of research.However, their autonomy is still an issue.This work focuses on this problem : find a strategy for the sensors to be autonomous.The energy required to power the sensor, whatever its working mode, must indeed be harvestedfrom the environment wherein the sensor is located. Moreover, in case of absence ora lack of available energy, the sensor has to keep working. Additionnaly the state-of-chargehas to be known in real time in order to extend the sensor lifetime. Finally, the energy managementhas to give the highest efficiency.This study led to the design and the test of a circuit in CMOS 90nm technology. Thiscircuit was integrated in wireless sensors for networks under development. Finally, a methodto estimate the level of energy in the sensor has been developed and will allow to design anew circuit of power management for wireless sensor network
Haboubi, Walid. "Développements de circuits Rectennae bi-polarisation, bi-bande pour la récupération et conversion d’énergie électromagnétique à faible niveau." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1089/document.
Повний текст джерелаImproving energy autonomy of communication systems constitutes one of the major concerns for their massive deployment in our environment. We want to make these electronic devices (sensors and sensor networks) completely autonomous, avoiding the embedded energy sources that require replacement operations or periodic charging. Among the available energy sources that can be harvested, there are electromagnetic waves. The device that can capture this energy and convert it into useful DC power is called Rectenna (Rectifying antenna), combining antenna with diode-based rectifier. In recent few years, rectennas have reached a significant number of papers in the literature. The main challenge consists in improving performances in term of efficiency, in an attempt to overcome the electromagnetic wave attenuation and the low available field level. According to this context, this PhD work supported by the ANR project REC-EM has taken place. In this study, we have developed, designed and characterized planar structures that have interesting properties:- In term of orthogonal polarizations, so energy harvesting becomes feasable regardless the arbitrary orientation of the incident wave on the rectenna. A dual-circularly polarized rectenna at 2.45 GHz with dual-access will be set up to overcome the 3 dB power loss in the case of linearly-polarized incident wave with unknown orientation.- In term of multiple resonances, so the amount of total RF power collected by the antenna can be increased and consequently the converted DC power level can also be improved. A dual-frequency rectenna (1.8 and 2.45 GHz) with single access will be designed, as well as a rectenna based upon a dual-frequency antenna array.- In term of size compactness by avoiding the use of the HF filter between the antenna and the rectifier for all developed rectenna structures during this work. In all cases, it will be necessary to define the most suitable rectifier topology to each antenna and select, if it is appropriated, the optimum DC recombination technique to overcome the effects of RF power imbalance that may occur between the different antenna accesses. Besides, single-diode circuits will be designed and fulfilled for each structure. Finally, we will miniaturize the dual-circularly polarized dual-access antenna, and exploit it to power a LCD display temperature sensor. To enhance the DC voltage level required to activate the sensor, a DC-DC converter is inserted between the rectenna and the sensor. Such energy management device should be able to operate under low delivered DC power. Two converters will be used. The first one is developed by Ampere Lab at Ecole Centrale de Lyon and SATIE Lab at ENS Cachan. This converter was the subject of another dissertation also supported by the ANR under the REC-EM project
Chalhoub, Gérard. "MaCARI : une méthode d'accès déterministe et économe en énergie pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724590.
Повний текст джерелаBakni, Michel. "Outil de dimensionnement trans-niveaux de réseaux de capteurs sans fil contraints en énergie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0087.
Повний текст джерелаWireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a set of battery-powered nodes that include sensors coupled with processing units and wireless transceivers. Nowadays, WSN is a major topic in the research and development domain. Indeed, it constitutes an interesting solution to give an answer to different situations related to social, societal and economic issues such as the need to manage the Smart Grids or to supervise patient’s health in the context of the aging population. This kind of network has the capacity to be simply deployed in harsh environments, such as forests, volcanoes and buildings, to achieve various goals, like tracking targets, animals or human beings for example, or monitoring physical phenomena, such as patient physiological signals or ambient temperature in a building.However, the deployment of WSNs can be critical because of the difficult conditions imposed by the application environment, for example, the high temperatures in the case of volcano activity supervision, or the impossibility of reaching the nodes after deployment, when the WSN must be used to structural health monitoring of a highway or a building. Therefore, researchers and developers need tools to test and evaluate, in the design process of a WSN, node and network performances before deploying it in real surroundings.In this context, simulation can provide a solution that can save time, cost, and effort before deploying a WSN application in its real environment. This explains that simulation tools are widely used in WSN designing stages and for research works evaluation related to this kind of network. Nevertheless, designing a WSN, dedicated to a specific application, needs to address its multilevel structure: topology, nodes and circuits. Thus, to handle the main challenges of WSN design such as energy issues, WSN modelling is considered a complex task because the adopted modelling approach has to take into account the WSN multilevel structure in order to provide exploitable results from different points of view at the same time.In this thesis, we define, propose and implement a cross-level energy-aware model for WSN that allows considering different levels of abstraction at the same time: circuits, nodes and topology. This energy-oriented model is able to trace the energy consumption from multiple points of view: a specific circuit's activity, circuit or node activities, as well as the impact on the WSN lifetime. The proposed model is implemented in a dedicated WSN simulator, which is used, defining different scenarios, to compare obtained results with a well-known simulator and physical WSN nodes with the aim to validate the relevance of our approach
Castagnetti, Andrea. "Étude de la gestion de l'autonomie en énergie d'objets communicants sans fil." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4059.
Повний текст джерелаWireless Sensor Networks are composed of nodes equipped with a computational unit, sensors and a radio transceiver. Energy consumption is a major challenge in the WSN domain, and energy efficient solutions are required because the nodes carry a limited amount of power. Energy harvesting technologies can be used to scavenge energy from the environment, thus prolonging the lifespan of a WSN node. The goal of this thesis is on power management techniques
Saad, Clément. "Quelques contributions dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil : Localisation et Routage." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364914.
Повний текст джерелаBouguera, Taoufik. "Capteur communicant autonome en énergie pour l'loT." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4007/document.
Повний текст джерелаResearchers aim to develop entirely autonomous sensors. By ensuring an important autonomy, the use of batteries solves part of the energy problem with relatively low costs. However, batteries introduce different problems such as maintenance and environmental pollution. Harvesting thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, solar or wind energy present in the environment is an attractive solution. Using harvested energy from their surroundings, wireless sensor nodes can significantly increase their typical lifetime. Nevertheless, the harvested energy depends on the surrounding conditions of the device and can vary periodically or randomly. It seems important to adapt the system (measurement and data transmission) to the harvesting energy constraints. The thesis objective is to provide an autonomous sensor solution based on a multisources energy harvesting and management system (solar and wind energies), which can be used in different IoT applications. First, we are interested in modeling and optimizing the sensor node energy consumption. Then, the multiple harvesting system is modeled according to the energy needs of the sensor node. Besides, we focus on the power management of the autonomous system. This management part is based on predictions of both available and consumed energies. Finally, the proposed modeling and optimization studies are validated with experimental works in order to develop an Autonomous Communicating Sensor platform for IoT applications
Itoua, Engoti Frank. "Réalisation d’une plate-forme pour l’optimisation de réseaux de capteurs sans fil appliqués au bâtiment intelligent." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0018/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the roll out of Wireless Sensor Network for the energetic monitoring of an existing building of the University. This work wil be incorporated in the framework of the smart building program of the University of Limoges. The work aims to optimize the architecture of a Zigbee network as well as data collection methods to minimize the energy consumption of the network's nodes. Methods based on the compressive sensing concepts will be investigated to reduce the number of nodes and to extend the lifetime of the nodes. Those methods will eventually be complemented with energy harvesting techniques
Cherifi, Nadir. "Assistance au développement de logiciels embarqués contraints en énergie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I036/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe designation under the term Internet of Things brings together a vast array of different connected systems.A significant number of these objects do not have a continuous power supply and are therefore supplied with batteries. In addition, we can list multiple use cases where the recharging of the battery is difficult or impossible (e.g. a buried object for structures monitoring). As a result, the energetic aspect represents a primary constraint to be taken into account by the developers when designing the embedded application on the object. The work issue consists in placing energy as a hard resource during the development phase by providing assistance and help to the developers in the management of this complex resource. We propose as a solution a methodology and tools to support the activities of the embedded developer in a constrained energy environment. We assert that the ability to accurately measure and track the energy consumption of a connected object and then correlate it to the underlying software can improve overall energy efficiency by implementing best practices related to use of the different hardware components. To achieve this goal, we base our work on a hardware energy measurement method able of providing accurate consumption figures. We than build an energy profiling and cartography framework of embedded software to help the developer understand the energy behavior of his application
Moad, Sofiane. "Energy conservation methods for use in wireless sensor network communications." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S155.
Повний текст джерелаLes Réseaux de Capteurs Sans Fil (RCSF) sont composés de capteurs de petites tailles, qui ont la capacité de prélever et de calcul des données dans un environnement inaccessible pour ensuite les communiquer à un utilisateur final. Ces capteurs ont une capacité limitée en batteries, et donc l'énergie devient un problème critique pour leur conception. Cette thèse se focalise sur le développement de divers techniques d'économie d'énergie. Ainsi, nos directions de recherche tournent autour de trois axes principaux: 1) l'intégration du calcul: l'agrégation et la compression, au sein d'un RCSF, 2) le groupement de capteurs, et 3) diversité de radios. Premièrement, nous avons proposé une technique d'aggregation, appelée Smart AGgregation (SAG)}, qui contrôle la consommation d'énergie de capteurs en s'adaptant à l'erreur des données tolérée par l'utilisateur. En plus de l'agrégation, nous avons intégré un mécanisme de compression de données dans une architecture à base de groupement des capteurs, pour développer un protocole appelé Compression Cluster-based scheme in a Spatial Correlated Region CC_SCR, pour assurer une plus grande économie d'énergie. Deuxièmement, notre recherche rapporte au développement du protocole de groupement des capteurs, appelé ADaptive Energy-Efficient Clustering protocole ADEEC, en vue de réaliser à la fois une meilleure organisation de réseau et une meilleure consommation d'énergie. Finalement, nous avons exploré l'apport d'utilisation de multiples radios lors du routage. Par conséquent, nous avons d'abord proposé une nouvelle métrique qui permet de choisir une radio à energie minimale pour le routage. Ensuite, nous avons proposé une autre métrique qui équilibre la consommation d'énergie au sein d'un RCSF pour prolonger la durée de vie. Enfin, nous avons proposé une métrique sensible au délai, qui s'adapte aux priorités des paquets lors du routage. La validation de nos contributions est effectuée analytiquement et par simulation avec l'outil TOSSIM
Boubekeur, Fadwa. "Les arbres couvrants de la théorie à la pratique. Algorithmes auto-stabilisants et réseaux de capteurs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066682/document.
Повний текст джерелаSpanning Trees from theory to practiceSelf-Stabilizing algorithms and sensor networksAbstract : Sensor networks are composed of ressources constrained equipments. They have low computing power, low transmission power, low bandwidth, limited storage memory and limited battery life.In order to integrate such networks in the Internet of things, new protocols were standardized such as RPL protocol (for Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks). This protocol is intended to build a logical routing topology called DODAG (for Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph). In this thesis, we discuss the data routing aspect by considering a tree routing topology. Thus, the routing of data is hop by hop from a child to its parent (or from a parent to its child). Optimize the construction of the DODAG is therefore to build a spanning tree in a given constraint. A spanning tree is a connecting structure that maintains a unique path between all pairs of nodes while minimizing the number of used communication links. Furthermore, we consider the constraints of sensor networks, such as a dead battery and the variability of the radio link as transient faults. This leads us to build a covering structure tolerant to transient faults. The self-stabilization is a branch of distributed algorithms that ensures that following one or more transient faults, the system will find itself a correct behavior after a finite time.The objective of this thesis is to propose self-stabilizing algorithms dedicated to sensor networks. The contributions of this thesis are:In the first part of the thesis, we proposed a self-stabilizing algorithm for the construction of a minimum diameter spanning tree.This construction is natural when we want to minimize the communication delay between a root and all other network nodes. Our algorithm has several advantages. First, our algorithm is limited to memory occupation of O(log n) bits per node, reducing the previous result of an n factor while maintaining a polynomial convergence time. Then, our algorithm is the first algorithm for minimum diameter spanning tree that works as an unfair distribution demon. In other words, we make no restriction on the asynchronous network behavior. In the second part of the thesis, we are interested in the unstable topology built by RPL protocol (DODAG). Our solution is to place an additional constraint on the number of children a node can accept during the construction of the DODAG. This constraint has the effect of reducing the rate of parent change and consequently to improve the protocol performance in terms of packet delivery rate, delay of communication and power consumption. In addition, we implemented a mechanism to update the information of the downward routes in RPL. Furthermore, our solution has the advantage of not generating overhead because we use existing control messages provided by RPL to implement it. Finally, this contribution is twofold since we validated our solution both by simulations and experiments
Aissani, Mohamed. "Optimisation du routage dans les réseaux de capteurs pour les applications temps-réel." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664272.
Повний текст джерелаAlaoui, Fdili Othmane. "Optimisation multicritères de la qualité de service dans les réseaux de capteurs multimédia sans fil." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0016/document.
Повний текст джерелаThanks to the valuable advances in Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems coupled with their convergence to wireless communication systems, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In the WSN context, all the efforts are made in order to propose energy-efficient solutions. With the recent developments in CMOS technology, low-cost imaging sensors have been developed. As a result, a new derivative of the WSN, which is the Wireless Video Sensor Network (WVSN), has been proposed. The particularities of the video data as well as the inherent constraints of the nodes have introduced new challenges. In this thesis, we propose two cross-layer based solutions for video delivery over the WVSN. The first solution proposes a new energy efficient and adaptive video compression scheme dedicated to the WVSNs, based on the H.264/AVC video compression standard. The video stream is then handled by an enhanced version of MMSPEED protocol, that we propose and note EQBSA-MMSPEED. Performance evaluation shows that the lifetime of the network is extended by 33%, while improving the video quality of the received stream by 12%. In the second solution, we enrich our compression scheme with mathematical models to predict the energy consumption and the video distortion during the encoding and the transmission phases. The video stream is then handled by a novel energy efficient and improved reliability routing protocol, that we note ERMM. Compared to a basic approach, this solution is extending the network lifetime by 15%, while improving the quality of the received video stream by 35%
Monnet, Quentin. "Modèles et mécanismes pour la protection contre les attaques par déni de service dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1023/document.
Повний текст джерелаMemory and little energy available), communicating through electromagnetic transmissions. In spite of these limitations, sensors are able to self-deploy and to auto-organize into a network collecting, gathering and forwarding data about their environment to the user. Today those networks are used for many purposes: “intelligent transportation”, monitoring pollution level in the environment, detecting fires, or the “Internet of things” are some example applications involving sensors. Some of them, such as applications from medical or military domains, have strong security requirements. The work of this thesis focuses on protection against “denial of service” attacks which are meant to harm the good functioning of the network. It relies on the use of monitoring sensors: these sentinels are periodically renewed so as to better balance the energy consumption. New mechanisms are introduced so as to establish an efficient selection process for those sensors: the first one favors the ease of deployment (random selection), while the second one promotes load balancing (selection based on residual energy) and the last one is about better security (democratic election based on reputation scores). Furthermore, some tools are provided to model the system as continuous-time Markov chains, as stochastic Petri networks (which are reusable for model checking operations) or even as quantitative games
Didioui, Amine. "Energy-aware transceiver for energy harvesting wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S056/document.
Повний текст джерелаTechnological advances achieved over the past decade in the fields of microsystems and wireless communications have enabled the development of small size and low cost sensor nodes equipped with wireless communication capabilities able to establish a wireless sensor network (WSN). Each sensor node is typically equipped with one or several sensing unit, a data processing unit, a wireless communication interface and a battery. The challenges raised by WSNs has lead to the emergence of a new research domain which focuses on the study and deployment of such a networks in order to offer the required remote monitoring and control solutions for complex and unreachable environment. WSNs have found application in a wide range of different domains, including home and structural health monitoring, military surveillance, and biomedical health monitoring. These applications usually impose stringent constraints on the WSN lifetime which is expected to last several years. To reach this objective, it is necessary to reduce the overall energy consumption of the sensor node and to find an additional source of energy as well. To address the last point, energy harvesting from the environment seems to be a an efficient approach to sustain WSNs operations. However, energy harvesting devices, which must also be small, are usually unable to ensure a continuous operation of sensor nodes. Thus, it is necessary to adapt the WSN consumption and activity to the low and unpredictable energy scavenged. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the issue of simulation and power consumption of autonomous sensor nodes. We have first developed, HarvWSNet, a co-simulation framework combining WSNet and Matlab that provides adequate tools to accurately simulate heterogenous protocols (based on discrete-time events) and energy harvesting systems (based on continuous-time events). We have demonstrated that HarvWSNet allows a rapid evaluation of energy-harvesting WSNs deployment scenarios that may accelerate the time-to-market for these systems. Thanks to the accurate energy models (battery, supercapacitor, etc.) implemented in this platform, we have studied and evaluated a large scale deployment of solar and wind energy-harvesting WSNs. Our second contribution focuses on the implementation of energy-aware reconfiguration strategies in the radio transceiver which is usually considered as the most energy hungry component in a sensor node. These strategies are intended to reduce the excessive power consumption of the radio transceiver when the channel conditions are favorable. To this end, we have a new simulation framework called EnvAdapt (based also on WSNet) dedicated to the evaluation of reconfigurable radio transceivers for WSNs. In EnvAdapt, we have implemented the required radio transceiver behavioral and power consumption models that allows the evaluation of the impact of radio transceiver reconfiguration on the communication performance and lifetime of WSNs
Gléonec, Philip-Dylan. "Design and implementation of power management strategies for long range radio module with energy harvesting." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe advent of the Internet of Things has enabled the roll-out of a multitude of Wireless Sensor Networks. These networks can be used in various fields, such as agriculture, industry or the smart city, where they facilitate fine optimization of processes. These devices are often powered by primary or rechargeable batteries, which limits their battery life. Moreover, it is sometimes not possible or financially viable to change and/or recharge these batteries. A possible solution is to harvest energy from the environment to power these sensors. But these energy sources are unreliable, and the sensor must be able to prevent the complete depletion of its energy storage. In order to adapt its energy consumption, the node can match its quality of service to its energetical capabilities. Thus, the device can continuously operate without any service interruption. This thesis presents the methods used for the conception of a completely autonomous sensor, powered by energy harvesting and communicating through a long range LoRa network. In order to ensure its power supply, a board has been designed to harvest energy from multiple energy sources simultaneously. A power management software module has then been developed to calculate an energy budget the sensor can use, and to choose the best way to spend this budget over one or multiple tasks. This work has enabled the development of an energy autonomous industrial sensor prototype
Roussel, Kévin. "Évaluation et amélioration des plates-formes logicielles pour réseaux de capteurs sans-fil, pour optimiser la qualité de service et l'énergie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0051/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the field of wireless sensors networks (WSN), specialized network stacks have been a very active research field for many years. However, most of this research, especially on lower layers of the network stacks, did not go beyond theory. Their implementations have generally not been the subject of deep or systematic effort, especially within the framework of dedicated operating systems. We thus propose, in this thesis, to focus on interaction analysis between lower layers’ protocols and dedicated software platforms, and to optimize them, especially at the implementation level. We first review and evaluate the various dedicated operating systems, and choose the one offering the necessary features to implement efficient and innovative MAC/RDC protocols. We then study, improve and optimize these lower layers of specialized stacks, and show, with an actual implementation of one of our advanced MAC/RDC protocols, that we can bring significant improvements in the quality of service (QoS) of WSNs, especially under heavy network traffic. We also report inaccuracies in Cooja/MSPSim simulations/emulations, and analyze the reliability issues caused by the use of this tool for performing evaluations (especially time-related) of WSNs. We finally propose some new leads for future enhancements and optimizations of the lower layers of these specialized network stacks, in order to further improve the liability, performances and energy consumption of WSNs
Nefzi, Bilel. "Mécanismes auto-adaptatifs pour la gestion de la Qualité de Service dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00645504.
Повний текст джерелаAntilahy, Herimpitia Tsilavina Chrystelle. "Développement et mise en œuvre d’un mécanisme « 4D-addressing Wakeup radio » pour la réduction de la consommation d’énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0038.
Повний текст джерелаWireless sensor networks that are suitable for a wide range of applications, represent a promising solution that meets any requirement for continuous monitoring. The energy autonomy of sensor nodes constitutes a vulnerability factor that directly affects their longevity and the capacity of the network to ensure long coverage of the geographical area of interest. Energy consumption management is the only way to increase the lifespan of these networks and to give them a reasonable autonomy. Software solutions proposed through MAC protocols, bring significant improvements to the minimization of the energy expenditure of sensor nodes. They reduce the idle-listening periods which represents the most expensive operation in terms of energy, in the operation of the wireless sensor nodes. However, Focusing lonely on these solutions is not enough to guarantee acceptable longevity. The only way to optimize energy conservation in the WSN is to constantly put each node in low power mode and use a wakeup mechanism through wake-up signals. This involves the use of low-power wake-up circuits that provide channel monitoring, and trigger node wake-up only whenever event of interest occurs. In this context, a significant amount of work has proposed the use of an addressing mechanism (MAC addresses or other binary informations), to allow non-concerned nodes to quickly return to their sleep state. This approach is interesting, but involves a significant energy expenditure, related to address information’s reception and processing at all nodes. The most energy efficient solution would be the use of another type of address. This thesis is part of the context of minimizing the energy consumption of the WSN, using an addressing system that allows sensor nodes to receive and process the wake-up signals, without turning on their main communication module. It is to eliminate the energy expenditure related to the RF module’s activation and the reception of address packets, by exploiting wakeup signals duration. Our solution is based on the hardware characteristics of the microcontroller (IRQ, Timer/Counter) of sensor nodes. It reduces the complexities related to wakeup signals conditioning. Our solution is implemented on a small network. Its evaluations were done experimentally and its energy performance is compared to a conventional wake-up mechanism without addressing,and a conventional scheme based on duty-cycling
Bella, Malika. "Développement d'une approche multi-échelle de modélisation de dispositifs thermoélectriques : application à des systèmes de capteurs sans fils autonomes sur le corps humain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4755.
Повний текст джерелаThermoelectric devices, capitalizing on waste heat conversion, offer good prospects for the development of autonomous systems. The main challenges for technology development are to obtain flexible, environmentally friendly and low-cost thermoelectric devices with performances sufficient enough to power small electronic devices. The aim of this thesis was thus to propose a methodology for the global analysis of thermoelectric devices for ambient temperature applications. The developed methodology enables the evaluation of key parameters impact on the global system. First, a multiscale approach for thermoelectric devices modelling is developed. In this scope, three parallel levels of modeling are addressed. At the system level, a compact model is developed in order to evaluate overall system efficiency as a function of the thermal environment. At the device level, virtual prototypes of printed devices are built and their performances are evaluated via a finite-element simulation tool. Low temperature gradient has to be dealt with by appropriate architecture design. At the material level, quantum DFT is used in conjunction with semi-classical approach using Boltzmann transport theory to calculate electronic properties. Tetrahedrite and famatinite compounds are chosen due to their promising thermoelectric properties at room temperature and their relative abundance and low cost. Secondly, an experimental work has been conducted on the synthesis of sulphide nanoparticles. Quasi-monodisperse nanoparticles with a size not exceeding 50 nm have successfully been fabricated via a low cost and easily scalable surfactant assisted solvothermal technique
Gliga, Lavinius ioan. "Diagnostic d'une Turbine Eolienne à Distance à l'aide du Réseau de Capteurs sans Fil." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR063/document.
Повний текст джерелаDirect Drive Wind Turbines (DDWTs) are equipped with Permanent Magnet Syn- chronous Generators (PMSGs). Their three most common failures are demagnetization, ec- centricity (static, dynamic and mixed) and inter-turn short circuit. Machine Current Signa- ture Analysis is often used to look for generator problems, as these impairments introduce additional harmonics into the generated currents. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is utilized to compute the spectrum of the currents. However, the FFT calculates the whole spectrum, while the number of possible faults and the number of introduced harmonics is low. The Goertzel algorithm, implemented as a filter (the Goertzel filter), is presented as a more efficient alternative to the FFT. The spectrum of the currents changes with the wind speed, and thus the detection is made more difficult. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed as a solution. The spectrum of the residuals, computed between the estimated and the generated current, is constant, regardless of the wind speed. However, the effect of the faults is visible in the spectrum. When using the EKF, one challenge is to find out the covariance matrix of the process noise. A new method was developed in this regard, which does not use any of the matrices of the filter. DDWTs are either placed in remote areas or in cities. For the monitoring of a DDWT, tens or hundreds of kilometers of cables are necessary. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are suited to be used in the communication infrastructure of DDWTs. WSNs have lower initial and maintenance costs, and they are quickly installed. Moreover, they can complement wired networks. Different wireless technologies are com- pared - both wide area ones, as well as short range technologies which support high data rates
Cui, Jin. "Data aggregation in wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI065/document.
Повний текст джерелаWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been regarded as an emerging and promising field in both academia and industry. Currently, such networks are deployed due to their unique properties, such as self-organization and ease of deployment. However, there are still some technical challenges needed to be addressed, such as energy and network capacity constraints. Data aggregation, as a fundamental solution, processes information at sensor level as a useful digest, and only transmits the digest to the sink. The energy and capacity consumptions are reduced due to less data packets transmission. As a key category of data aggregation, aggregation function, solving how to aggregate information at sensor level, is investigated in this thesis. We make four main contributions: firstly, we propose two new networking-oriented metrics to evaluate the performance of aggregation function: aggregation ratio and packet size coefficient. Aggregation ratio is used to measure the energy saving by data aggregation, and packet size coefficient allows to evaluate the network capacity change due to data aggregation. Using these metrics, we confirm that data aggregation saves energy and capacity whatever the routing or MAC protocol is used. Secondly, to reduce the impact of sensitive raw data, we propose a data-independent aggregation method which benefits from similar data evolution and achieves better recovered fidelity. Thirdly, a property-independent aggregation function is proposed to adapt the dynamic data variations. Comparing to other functions, our proposal can fit the latest raw data better and achieve real adaptability without assumption about the application and the network topology. Finally, considering a given application, a target accuracy, we classify the forecasting aggregation functions by their performances. The networking-oriented metrics are used to measure the function performance, and a Markov Decision Process is used to compute them. Dataset characterization and classification framework are also presented to guide researcher and engineer to select an appropriate functions under specific requirements
Karolak, Dean. "Système de radiocommunication télé-alimenté par voie radiofréquence à 2.45 GHz." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0392/document.
Повний текст джерелаWireless Powered Receivers (WPR) hold a promising future for generating a small amount ofelectrical DC energy to drive full or partial circuits in wirelessly communicating electronic devices.Important applications such as RFIDs and WSNs operating at UHF and SHF bands have emerged,requiring a significant effort on the design of high efficient WPRs to extend the operating range or thelifetime of these portable applications. In this context, integrated rectifiers and antennas are of aparticular interest, since they are responsible for the energy conversion task. This thesis work aims tofurther the state-of-the-art throughout the design and realization of high efficient WPRs from the antennaup to the storage of the converted DC power, exploring the interfacing challenges with their fullyintegration into PCBs
Liu, Xing. "Hybrid real-time operating system integrated with middleware for resource-constrained wireless sensor nodes." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22472/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith the recent advances in microelectronic, computing and communication technologies, wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes have become physically smaller and more inexpensive. As a result, WSN technology has become increasingly popular in widespread application domains. Since WSN nodes are minimized in physical size and cost, they are mostly restricted to platform resources such as processor computation ability, memory resources and energy supply. The constrained platform resources and diverse application requirements make software development on the WSN platform complicated. On the one hand, the software running on the WSN platform should be small in the memory footprint, low in energy consumption and high in execution efficiency. On the other hand, the diverse application development requirements, such as the real-time guarantee and the high reprogramming performance, should be met by the WSN software. The operating system (OS) technology is significant for the WSN proliferation. An outstanding WSN OS can not only utilize the constrained WSN platform resources efficiently, but also serve the WSN applications soundly. Currently, a set of WSN OSes have been developed, such as the TinyOS, the Contiki, the SOS, the openWSN and the mantisOS. However, many OS development challenges still exist, such as the development of a WSN OS which is high in real-time performance yet low in memory footprint; the improvement of the utilization efficiency to the memory and energy resources on the WSN platforms, and the providing of a user-friendly application development environment to the WSN users. In this thesis, a new hybrid, real-time, energy-efficient, memory-efficient, fault-tolerant and user-friendly WSN OS MIROS is developed. MIROS uses the hybrid scheduling to combine the advantages of the event-driven system's low memory consumption and the multithreaded system's high real-time performance. By so doing, the real-time scheduling can be achieved on the severely resource-constrained WSN platforms. In addition to the hybrid scheduling, the dynamic memory allocators are also realized in MIROS. Differing from the other dynamic allocation approaches, the memory heap in MIROS can be extended and the memory fragments in the MIROS can be defragmented. As a result, MIROS allocators become flexible and the memory resources can be utilized more efficiently. Besides the above mechanisms, the energy conservation mechanism is also implemented in MIROS. Different from most other WSN OSes in which the energy resource is conserved only from the software aspect, the energy conservation in MIROS is achieved from both the software aspect and the multi-core hardware aspect. With this conservation mechanism, the energy cost reduced significantly, and the lifetime of the WSN nodes prolonged. Furthermore, MIROS implements the new middleware software EMIDE in order to provide a user-friendly application development environment to the WSN users. With EMIDE, the WSN application space can be decoupled from the low-level system space. Consequently, the application programming can be simplified as the users only need to focus on the application space. Moreover, the application reprogramming performance can be improved as only the application image other than the monolithic image needs to be updated during the reprogramming process. The performance evaluation works to the MIROS prove that MIROS is a real-time OS which has small memory footprint, low energy cost and high execution efficiency. Thus, it is suitable to be used on many WSN platforms including the BTnode, IMote, SenseNode, TelosB, T-Mote Sky, etc. The performance evaluation to EMIDE proves that EMIDE has less memory cost and low energy consumption. Moreover, it supports small-size application code. Therefore, it can be used on the high resource-constrained WSN platforms to provide a user-friendly development environment to the WSN users
Ferhat, Salim. "Générateurs thermoélectriques imprimés sur substrats souples à base de matériaux hybrides pour des applications autour de la température ambiante." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0032/document.
Повний текст джерелаFlexible lightweight printed thermoelectric devices can become particularly interesting with the advent of ubiquitous sensing and within the context of current energy and environmental issues. However, major drawbacks of state of the art thermoelectric materials must be addressed to make waste heat recovery devices commercially feasible. In this PhD thesis, we’ve elaborated and described a method to fabricate optimized, fully inkjetprinted flexible thermoelectric generators based on organic and hybrid semiconductors. This research project can be divided into three stages: First is the development of effective, stable and solution-processed p-type and n-type thermoelectric materials. Our effort in optimizing thermoelectric materials were based on modulation of charge carrier concentration and on control of morphology. Second, design and modeling of thermoelectric devices and their geometric parameters using numerical simulation methods. Numerical simulations were based on a 3D-finite element analysis and simulation software for coupled physical problems to model and design thermoelectric devices. Finally, formulation of materials into ink in order to produce thermoelectric generators by inkjet printing deposition. Various structures and architectures were experimentally characterized and systematically compared to numerical evaluations. Hence, we produced an extensive study on designing and producing thermoelectric devices operating at near ambient temperature and conditions
Mahmood, Paracha Ayyaz. "Design and fabrication of Mems-based, vibration powered energy harvesting device using electrostatic transduction." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584339.
Повний текст джерелаHarouni, Zied. "Conception et caractérisation d’une Rectenna à double polarisation circulaire à 2.45 GHz." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1026/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this thesis is within the subject of wireless power transmission, power applied to the remote sensors, networks of sensors and actuators with low power consumption. This study focuses on the design, characterization, and measurement of a rectenna circuit (rectifying antenna) with dual circular polarization at 2.45 GHz, and optimisation of the conversion efficiency. A global analysis tool, based on the iterative method was developed and used to validate the feasibility of this concept by this method. The Schottky diode was modeled using surface impedance. The dual circular polarization rectenna with microstrip technology has been optimized and characterized experimentally operating at 2.45 GHz. It includes the property of harmonic rejections. Two accesses can receive either direction LHCP or RHCP sense. The conversion efficiency of 63% has been measured with a power density of 0.525 mW/cm². A DC voltage of 2.82V was measured across an optimum load of 1.6 kohm