Дисертації з теми "Réseaux à basse tension"
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Binot, Ferréol. "Modélisation et estimation de paramètres des réseaux de distribution basse tension." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST024.
The development of new uses, driven by energy transition requirements, mainly on low-voltage (LV) networks, requires the development of more innovative tools for network management and planning. The development of these new tools requires a very good knowledge of the actual state and parameters of LV networks. The work of this thesis focuses on the development of state (SE) and parameter (PE) estimation algorithms dedicated to LV networks.To carry out the development of these algorithms, we have improved the characterization and modelling of LV cables by taking into account the impact of external parameters on the impedance matrix and the voltage profile. This model uses the 4×4 impedance matrix and takes into account the earthing resistances. This study will serve as a building block for both algorithms.The SE algorithm is based on the WLS algorithm and the augmented matrix method. For its development, we have adapted its quantities by taking into account the particularities of LV networks. This algorithm allows to obtain an increased accuracy of the network voltage profile (including the neutral to earth voltage) and gives accurate results even in case of errors or suppressed measurements. The algorithm will improve the operation of LV networks. The PE algorithm, which is based on the augmented vector algorithm, estimates both the lengths of the links and also directly the external conditions (conductor temperature). Thus, this algorithm corrects the data present in geographical information systems and gives a perfect knowledge of the network topology. The planning and operation of LV networks will be easier even with the development of new uses
Hadj, said Ahmed. "Intégration du stockage dans les méthodes de planification des réseaux électriques basse tension." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT004/document.
The opening up of energy markets and new uses have led to significant changes in distribution grids, in particular low-voltage grids. Notably, it has led to an augmentation in the integration of renewable energy production, an increase in the peak consumption, among others. This is accompanied by the appearance of the electrical constraints with which power systems must cope. This has resulted in the development multiple flexibility capabilities such as load/source management or energy storage, providing new solutions, now to be considered in planning methods. This thesis studies the issue of energy storage in the low-voltage grid planning. The first part of this thesis studies the impact of storage and photovoltaic production on variables involved in distribution grid planning. In the second part, a method for calculating the cost of losses is adapted to the presence of energy storage and/or PV production. Finally, advanced d operation algorithms are developed to illustrate the economic value of energy storage in LV distribution grid planning, compared to a more expensive conventional planning method
Rauma, Kalle. "Aspects industriels de la gestion de tension et la capacité d'accueil de la génération photovoltaïque dans les réseaux basse tension." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT036/document.
In this thesis, voltage measurements provided by the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) are used to control an on-load tap changer located at the secondary substation. The thesis presents a practical and a straightforward method of selecting the low voltage customers whose voltage measurements are used as an input to the controller of the on-load tap changer. The developed method takes into account the load and the topology of the network. Furthermore, a simple method of creating synthetic and statistically correct load curves for networks studies is presented. The created methods have been tested by using real data of low voltage networks on a common platform in the power distribution industry leading to encouraging results; a few customers per low voltage network should be monitored in order to achieve accurate voltage measurements.This methodology is further applied to estimate the hosting capacity of photovoltaic power generation in a given low voltage network.In the first part, the evolution of the hosting capacity by using three different types of voltage control; an on-load tap changer of five and nine tap positions and voltage control through photovoltaic power generators, is studied. The study considers two different cases for placing and sizing the photovoltaic generators in a low voltage network. The results of 38 low voltage networks are provided.In the second part, the hosting capacities of 631 low voltage networks, located in a French metropolitan area, are analysed by using an on-load tap changer of five and an on-load tap changer of nine tap positions.The work has been together with Électricité Réseau Distribution France (ERDF), the major French distribution system operator. All studies presented in the thesis are based on the real operational data of the company. Moreover, all studies are implemented on a platform that is widely used in the power distribution industry.As an introductory part to low voltage networks, the thesis provides a general view about the French power system. In addition, the thesis presents a number of selected technologies considering low voltage networks that seem promising in the future
Sagezar, Hossein. "Transmission d'informations sur le réseau électrique basse tension." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112147.
This thesis presents the transmission of information on the low voltage mains network using the « spread spectrum technique ». The aim is the remote reading for industrial and domestic meters. The theoretical results of the network prove the existence of a steady Gaussian noise, interferences at different frequencies, and long duration over-voltages. This obliges us to use the frequencies over 10 KHz and a very low baud rate. The frequency responses of the network which have been obtained from the models have shown the existence of “Transmission Holes” and important attenuations at high frequencies; on the other hand they depend directly on the loads connected to the mains. The majority of these loads have a capacitive behaviour. In conclusion, the use of a unique carrier communication system presents the risk of losing information, so it is advisable to use the “spread spectrum technique” having a frequency shifting modulator
Alali, Mohamad Alaa Eddin. "Contribution à l'Etude des Compensateurs Actifs des Réseaux Electriques Basse Tension : (Automatisation des systèmes de puissance électriques)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13026.
In an electrical network, unbalanced and harmonic currents generated by nonlinear and unbalanced loads can cause harmonics and unbalanced voltage. These voltage perturbations along with voltage sag can strongly degrade customer power quality. Nowadays, the active filtres such as shunt, series and combined shunt-series are studied as a flexible solution to compensate all current and voltage perturbations. Therefore, in order to improve power system quality, we have studied advanced control methods applied on the structures of the above mentioned active filtres. For such requirements, we have developed a new RST control method in order to extend the application spectrum of RST controller. Thus, an universal shunt active filter has been developed using a continuous and discret time experimental
Ould, Abdeslam Djaffar. "Techniques neuromimétiques pour la commande dans les systèmes électriques : application au filtrage actif parallèle dans les réseaux électriques basse tension." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422996.
Ould, Abdeslam Djafar. "Techniques neuromimétiques pour la commande dans les systèmes électriques : application au filtrage actif parallèle dans les réseaux électriques basse tension." Mulhouse, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MULH0814.
Lu, Liping. "PERFORMANCES ET QUALITE DE SERVICE DANS LES RESEAUX COURANTS PORTEURS POUR DES SYSTEMES DE DISTRIBUTION MOYENNE TENSION ET BASSE TENSION." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120937.
Calderon, Mendoza Edwin Milton. "Méthodes de localisation et de détection de défauts d’arcs électriques séries dans un réseau électrique alternatif basse tension." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0298.
The dangerousness of electrical defects and in particular serial arcing ones in low-voltage installations is well known and represents a topical research issue. The detection and localization of these defects is therefore the subject of this thesis. It should also be noted that, at present time, no circuit-breaker for arc fault detection is equipped with the arc location function on the power line. Several methods for locating series arc faults have been proposed in this work. For the first method, a model based on the impedance parameters of the experimental power line (length 49 meters) based on Kirchhoff's laws was developed. The second method uses line modeling to obtain different signature vectors used to train a neural network. The third wavelet transform method is based on the identification of high frequency waves that occur in the presence of a series arc fault. The other major contribution of this thesis is the development of an efficient algorithm for detecting the presence of an electrical arc fault by the line current analysis. The algorithm is designed to reliably detect series arcing faults in stationary and transient operating modes of household appliances and then in complex load masking and with disturbance device configurations. The algorithm is based on the analysis of the line current by a Kalman filter associated with a decision logic block. The technique used based on adaptive fuzzy logic thresholding logic, allows significant reduction in false triggering
Dégardin, Virginie. "Analyse de la faisabilité d'une transmission de données haut débit sur le réseau électrique basse tension." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-269-270.pdf.
Calderon, Mendoza Edwin Milton. "Méthodes de localisation et de détection de défauts d’arcs électriques séries dans un réseau électrique alternatif basse tension." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0298/document.
The dangerousness of electrical defects and in particular serial arcing ones in low-voltage installations is well known and represents a topical research issue. The detection and localization of these defects is therefore the subject of this thesis. It should also be noted that, at present time, no circuit-breaker for arc fault detection is equipped with the arc location function on the power line. Several methods for locating series arc faults have been proposed in this work. For the first method, a model based on the impedance parameters of the experimental power line (length 49 meters) based on Kirchhoff's laws was developed. The second method uses line modeling to obtain different signature vectors used to train a neural network. The third wavelet transform method is based on the identification of high frequency waves that occur in the presence of a series arc fault. The other major contribution of this thesis is the development of an efficient algorithm for detecting the presence of an electrical arc fault by the line current analysis. The algorithm is designed to reliably detect series arcing faults in stationary and transient operating modes of household appliances and then in complex load masking and with disturbance device configurations. The algorithm is based on the analysis of the line current by a Kalman filter associated with a decision logic block. The technique used based on adaptive fuzzy logic thresholding logic, allows significant reduction in false triggering
N'Guessan, Kahan. "Méthodes et outils d'aide au diagnostic et à la maintenance des tableaux électriques généraux par le suivi des grandeurs physiques caractéristiques et de leur fonctionnement." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0172.
The switchboard is a key element of any electrical installation. It incorporates devices designed to distribute electrical power and protect circuits and people. This PhD work deals with an entire system of monitoring and diagnosis of Low Voltage (LV) switchboards based on the measurements of temperatures, and currents. This innovating system meets the needs to prevent the breakdowns of LV switchboards, which, although rare, can involve huge financial and human loss. The thermal measurements are do ne by wireless thermal sensor. The measured data are transmitted via internet and collected in a server, to be centrally processed. This centralized data processing includes a local detection of failures and a global diagnosis which leads to sorne maintenance recommendations. This work is focused on, the detection stage, and the global diagnosis. Sorne results based on experimental data and expertise's information are presented to validate the feasibility of the methods implemented
Ordonez, Flores Rafael. "Contribution à l’étude des moyens techniques visant à alléger les contraintes imposées au réseau public à basse tension." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112173.
This work consists of grouping together a three-phase Active Filter and an “uninterruptible power supply” into a single converter. This converter is then capable of reducing electromagnetic perturbations from the main AC supply and also of acting as a Backup Supply. It can adapt itself to any linear or non linear load, balanced or unbalanced. The converter is connected in parallel with the electric grid to impose optimal waveform currents on the main AC supply or to replace it. To implement the AF, the principal task has been to determine the optimal waveform of the supply currents. The objective is to obtain a maximal Power Factor. Since the supply voltages are distorted, the compensation method of "non active" power is used for reaching the maximal PF. The AF then supplies the non active power that the load absorbs. To mitigate failures from the main AC supply, a battery is connected to AF. A solution which allows minimization of the batteries encumbrance is proposed: it sets up a supplementary dc/dc converter which acts as buck/boost converter. The Active Filter – Backup Supply system works then in one of two modes according to the availability of the AC supply: 1) AC supply available, FACH (French name) mode: the AF compensates for the non active power and supplies the energy necessary for the charger (buck converter) to recharge the battery; 2) AC supply unavailable, OSE (French name) mode: the BS supplies sinusoidal voltages to load from the boost converter – battery group. The AF was validated by a 1. 5kVA experimental model and the global AF-BS system by simulation
Kasmi, Chaouki. "Application de la topologie électromagnétique à la modélisation de réseau énergétique basse-tension : étude statistique des perturbations conduites." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066657.
Les thèmes de la confidentialité et de la résilience sont deux enjeux majeurs dans la protection de l'information au sein d'une infrastructure critique. La susceptibilité des équipements vis-à-vis des interférences électromagnétiques intentionnelles ainsi que la corrélation potentielle entre le bruit généré par un système électronique et les informations traitées par celui-ci induisent un risque extrêmement fort pour la sécurité de l'information. Ces dernières années l'utilisation de systèmes électroniques, dans le cadre d'applications critiques, a connu un essor fulgurant. Le réseau énergétique basse-tension est devenu de fait un cas particulier pour la sécurité et la sûreté de fonctionnement puisqu'il connecte l'ensemble des équipements d'une infrastructure et qu'il propose une zone de couplage non négligeable pour ces interférences. L’étude de tels systèmes requiert une connaissance précise de leurs paramètres caractéristiques afin de les décrire par un modèle aussi réaliste que possible de façon à pouvoir en évaluer la vulnérabilité. Dans ce contexte, la topologie électromagnétique est appliquée afin de modéliser le réseau électrique basse-tension, l’objectif étant d’estimer, par une approche statistique, la probabilité que des signaux électromagnétiques compromettants de fortes amplitudes se propagent hors de la zone de sécurité le long du réseau énergétique. Il s’agit donc de déterminer les effets de ces paramètres caractéristiques sur une observable, un courant dans une charge distante, par exemple. Souvent seuls la moyenne et l’écart-type de l’observable sont calculés, ce qui limite l’analyse de ces effets à celle de leurs contributions moyennes. L’objet de cette étude est de montrer que les spécifications des moyens de protection, relatives aux interférences électromagnétiques, peuvent être rendues optimales en étudiant de façon précise les queues de distributions par la théorie des valeurs extrêmes
Issa, Fawsi. "Analyse et modélisation du réseau électrique basse tension aux fréquences courants porteurs de la gamme [1 MHz-30 MHz]." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112102.
A power line communication (PLC) signal is a radiofrequency signal which is superimposed to the 50 Hz power wave. These high frequency signals are assumed to propagate in low voltage (LV) networks and to have a spectrum extends from 1 MHz up to 30 MHz. Hence, some numerical data can be transmitted to the customers of the LV power network with high data rates. The proposed services can be internet, voice over IP or even numerical movies. We study the radiated emission likewise the conducted aspects associated with PLC signals. The characterization of the electromagnetic radiations associated with most of both overhead and underground LV transmission media have been done. The numerical proposed models are based on the antenna theory and the finite element method. An original method has been developed using Hertz potentials computation for the modelling of overhead lines. Moreover, some theoretical results with practical applications have been found dealing with the overestimation of the electric field using the freespace impedance. Some aspects relative to the standardization of PLC systems and networks are discussed. The study of the PLC signals propagation in LV networks is proposed at several levels. In the light of the modelling of the lines and cables of the LV network, the modal analysis theory has been applied thus carrying out some propagation eigenmodes optimal in a data transmission way. Some results concerning all the transmission media used on the LV network allowed three patents for an optimal coupling of the PLC signal. The theoretical results coming from the classical transmission line theory have been applied for a complete computation code with an associated graphical user interface for the simulation of single phase networks. Besides, some results of the multiconductor transmission lines theory have been used for the introduction of the modal scattering matrix concept for the computation of voltages and currents knowing the boundary conditions of the studied medium. The complex issue of the modelling of the three phase networks is also analysed. Hence, an original formalism based on scattering matrix has been developed and proposed some simple incoming-outgoing waves formulations of the different elements of a power network
Sapountzoglou, Nikolaos. "Détection et localisation des défauts dans les résaux de distribution basse ténsion en présence de production décentralisée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT083.
New smart meters, distributed generation, renewable energy sources and the concern about the environment are redefining the way to conceive and operate electrical grids. To take full advantage of the new electrical smart grids we need to monitor and protect them. The capability of self-healing is thus important in smart grids in order to ensure a proper behavior under faults and reduce power outage times. For this purpose, this thesis proposes three different methods of fault diagnosis for low voltage (LV) distribution grids and two methods of fault isolation for grid-connected photovoltaic systems (GCPVs).In electrical power distribution systems, faults are responsible for 80% of customer interruptions. While several fault location methods for distribution grids exist in the literature, the majority of them focuses on medium voltage grids and low fault resistance values that rarely surpass the 100 Ohms. Taking into account that distribution system operators usually rely on phone calls to detect and locate faults in LV grids, the need for fault detection and location techniques that cover these cases, i.e. large fault resistances and LV distribution grids, is evident.The three fault detection and location methods proposed in this thesis are:1.A conventional fault detection method based on overcurrent monitoring in combination with a method that uses sparse voltage measurements to build the voltage profile across the faulty branch for fault location.2.Gradient boosting trees(GBT), a method that has been proven to excel in many applications the last few years.3.Deep neural networks(DNN), a method that improve the traditional neural network architecture by taking advantage of an increased number of hidden layers.Simulations on a real semi-rural LV distribution grid of Portugal are performed to validate the results. A common case study is used to compare the three methods. The influencing parameters are: a) a big variety of fault resistance values (63,772 values between 1 and 1000 Ohms), b) nine different fault locations within each sector, c) two fault types (single phase to ground and three phase faults), d) a simultaneity factor of 0.5, e) a big spectrum of PV generation and load demand scenarios with 70,334 studied combinations and f) a 2% underestimation error in measurements.Overall, DNN are the most reliable solution demonstrating a 100% accuracy in fault detection and an average of 12% of error in distance estimation. Moreover, under the minimum available measurements (on at the beginning of the feeder and one at each terminal node) case their accuracy is decreased by only 4.5%.At the same time, faults in PV generators, present an increased interest as well. A big variety of faults can occur in a PV power plant. Based on their location faults can appear: a) in the PV array, b) in the power converters, c) on the dc bus and d) in the grid side. The development of fast, efficient and reliable fault detection and isolation methods for GCPVs, capable of dealing with the different types of faults, is a recognized necessity from the scientific community and a prerequisite for their integration in the smart grids.So far, to the author’s knowledge, no research has been found to monitor the GCPV as a complete system, i.e. isolating faults in every part of the plant with a single method. For this reason, two algorithms based on a signal approach are proposed as a fault isolation strategy. They use current and voltage measurements at the output of the inverter, examining faults occurring on all four of the aforementioned possible locations. The choice of the output of the inverter, i.e. the point of common coupling, as the monitoring source of the status of the GCPV system is in accordance with the location of voltage sensors used in the previous case of fault location methods in the LV distribution grid. Finally, the proposed algorithms achieve an isolation of 15 out of the 19 studied faults cases in less than 100 ms
Maruzewski, Pierre. "Phénomènes en proche paroi et stabilité de la colonne pour un arc électrique dans les disjoncteurs basse tension." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1806_pmaruzewski.pdf.
Low-tension circuit breakers generally rely on the extinction of the electric arc created when the current-carrying contacts separate. The dynamics of the arc has been studied for a number of years using numerical simulations of the coupled fluid dynamics/electromagnetic governing equations. One of the objectives of this thesis is to improve numerical simulation near the wall, where there is a thin boundary layer whose accurate numerical description requires fine meshes, and hence long Computing times, unless special measures are taken. Different simulations, based on an existing code, have aided in the development of a two ragion model, with one region away from the wall and another representing the boundary layer. In the external zone, the full equations are used, but the boundary conditions at the wall are modified by the existence of the thin wall-layer. This external flow forms the outer boundary conditions for a boundary layer calculation. As part of own numerical studies, we have also compared results of simulations with those of experiments. The second topic of the thesis is the stability of an arc column. A basic arc state is perturbed and the growth or decay of the perturbations with time used to determine the stability or otherwise of that basic state. The basic state used was a simple, steady, axisymmetric arc of infinite length, but we found that, in general, to maintain such an arc steady, some means of extracting the heat generated by the arc was necessary, a requirement which was met by introducing a sink of mass at the axis. A study of such arcs, cooled by the influx from outside, showed a variety of families of different solutions, for a given pressure and electric field strength. Having selected a particular basic state, the linearised equations were solved for the normal modes and their eigenvalues used to examine stability. Different types of unstable and stable modes were found, which were interpreted in terms of magnetic diffusion, acoustics and unstable coupled modes
Ait, ou kharraz Mariam. "Caractérisation du réseau basse tension français dans la bande de fréquence utilisée par les courants porteurs en ligne [9-500kHz] en bande étroite." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC029.
This work presents the characterization of different components of the French Low Voltage (LV) network in the frequency band used by the narrowband power line communication (PLC) between 9 kHz and 500 kHz. The aim of this work is to provide a deeper understanding of the propagation of the PLC signal in the French LV network. For this, the bottom-up approach is used. This approach consists in LV network characterization starting from the characterization of each component of this LV network. Two essential components of the LV network have been characterized: energy cables and customer installations. In the first part, different distribution and connection cable technologies have been experimentally characterized.Two models have been chosen: a first model called LS consisting on the characterization of cables without taking into account the coupling and a second one more complete called LC which, takes into account the inductive and capacitive coupling between the transmission lines of the cables. In the second part, the work focused on obtaining the input impedance of the customer installations seen by the LV network. These impedances were obtained from the characterization of the domestic electrical cable as well as various domestic appliances among the most present in the installations. Finally, the results of both parts allowed to make a parametric study of the influence of cable lengths and the impedance values connected to the ends of the transmission lines of these cables on attenuation, coupling and access impedances
Shinoda, Kosei. "Contrôle et opération des réseaux HVDC multi-terminaux à base de convertisseurs MMC." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0017.
The scope of this thesis includes control and management of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC).At first, our focus is paid on the internally stored energy, which is the important additional degree of freedom brought by the complex topology of MMC. In order to draw out the utmost of this additional degree of freedom, an in-depth analysis of the limits of this internally stored energy is carried out, and they are mathematically formulated.Then, this degree of freedom of the MMC is used to provide a completely new solution to improve the DC voltage dynamics. A novel control strategy, named Virtual Capacitor Control, is proposed. Under this control, the MMC behaves as if there were a physical capacitor whose size is adjustable. Thus, it is possible to virtually increase the equivalent capacitance of the DC grid to mitigate the DC voltage fluctuations in MTDC systems.Finally, the scope is extended to MMC-based MTDC grid. One of the crucial challenges for such system is to cope with a sudden loss of a converter station which may lead to a great variation of the system voltage. The voltage droop method is commonly used for this purpose. The analysis shows that the desired control action may not be exerted when the available headroom of the converter stations are insufficient. We thus propose a novel voltage droop control structure which permits to provide different actions depending on the sign of DC voltage deviation caused by the disturbance of system voltage as well as an algorithm that determines the droop parameters taking into account the operating point and the available headroom of each station
Barroso, Angel. "Optimisation des systèmes d'éclairage des bâtiments de l'Université Paul Sabatier basé sur un réseau novateur de type bus continu/basse tension." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30345/document.
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) bring new possibilities to get luminaires more robust with an improved efficiency and more environmentally respectfull. Despite the benefits already achieved today, this type of luminaire still presents some possible optimizations and provides opportunities for multiple features. Through several tests, the author shows on LEDs in market that optimization points are not operated in commercial luminaires. These LEDs have been tested over a wide range of operation in photometric, electrical but also thermal to know the reproducibility of the results. Thus the influences of operating conditions including operating temperature and supply current levels were studied. To design a specific power supply for each LED type, a search of elementary LED models was performed. The objective is to take into account the main parameters of the models but also to be enough simple to be inserted into a system environment to simulate the luminaire in whole environment. Thus, the comparative study of several associations of LEDs was conducted to deduce the best compromise and propose new solutions to reduce energy consumptions and production costs, including new types of power supply
Frelin, Wilfried. "Impact de la pollution harmonique sur les matériels de réseau." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441877.
Soekirno, Purnomo. "Contribution à l'étude du développement d'un système C. A. O. -V. R. D. : extension du système V.E.R.D.I., réseaux basse tension et éclairage public : étude de la circulation d'informations dans un processus de conception en V.R.D." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10008.
Diquélou, Laurent. "Propagation des signaux sur les lignes d'énergie électrique : étude des risques de compromission par rayonnement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10052.
The aim of this thesis was to study the possibility for power lines to emit compromising electromagnetic radiations. We focused on two cases. The first one was inside buildings, on PLC “Power Line Communication”. The second one was outside, on an industrial site, and about propagation and radiation of the characteristic signals produced by an industrial material.In the first case, we describe, measuring and modeling, the mechanisms involved in radiation cable Low Voltage (LV). There are two channels of propagation. The first is "wired" and the usual channel of a PLC link between two modems. The second channel is "wireless", which corresponds to the reception, across a magnetic antenna, of a differential injection of 2 lines of the cable. Both types of propagation channels are characterized experimentally, which enable us to deduced, using software, the decoding possibility of the information carried out by the compromising emanations.In the second case, considering "High Voltage" (HV) lines, we studies the successive transfer functions of the current associated with the spread on LV lines, crossing the transformer LV / HV, and then spreading on HV lines. Modelings were performed using commercial software EMTP. The results were compared with experimental measurements obtained during our study. HV lines radiations are discussed both from a theoretical and an experimental perspective
Vai, Vannak. "Planning of low voltage distribution system with integration of PV sources and storage means : case of power system of Cambodia." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT044/document.
The energy consumption is increasing year by year due to the growth of population and the economic conditions. In order to meet the need of population and society to use electricity, the Cambodian government has established the policy to promote and encourage the development of electrification; all the villages will have electricity by the year 2020, and at least 70% of households will have access to grid quality by the year 2030. To achieve these goals, the study and development of methodology on the Low-Voltage (LV) distribution system are investigated. This thesis studies the planning of LV distribution system with integration of Photovoltaic (PV) and Battery Energy Storage (BES). The first part is developed the long-term planning method to tackle the challenge of load demand uncertainty in urban area; the novel algorithm was developed to search for the optimal architecture of minimizing the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and the operation expenditure (OPEX) which respects to the set of topology and electrical (current and voltage) thank to mixed integer quadratically constrained programming (MIQCP), shortest-path, first-fit bin-packing, and Monte-Carlo method. The second part is dealt with the extension of electricity coverage area with two possible solutions which are grid reinforcement and integration of PV-BES for rural village; the Genetic algorithm (GA) and iterative technique were coded to search for location and sizing. The last part is concentrated on the planning of residential low-voltage distribution system in both rural and urban for non-electrified area thanks to the optimal architecture and PV-BES integration over the planning horizon
Bernier, Mahana. "solutions smart grid innovantes pour l’intégration massive de la production photovoltaïque au réseau public de distribution en zone rurale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT036.
Distribution grids are evolving and facing new challenges, including the massive insertion of distributed energy resources and the modification of consumer uses. These paradigm shifts are creating new constraints that affect the design and operation of electricity grids, as well as the planning and interconnection studies. We are now moving towards more instrumented and intelligent networks called Smart Grids. In the SMAP project in particular, we compare solutions to improve the massive insertion of photovoltaic production in rural low voltage distribution networks.In this context, we develop models and algorithms to integrate different uncertainties over the next 35 years into distribution network planning methods. Four alternative solutions compared to conventional reinforcement solutions are also modeled: two types of local control of PV inverters, the active power limitation of the PV inverters and an MV/LV transformer equipped with an on load tap changer. We define different indicators in order to evaluate the performance of the solutions in terms of costs and efficiency. The developments carried out are validated on two geographical perimeters, which makes it possible to draw first conclusions that will have to be validated on other perimeters. One of the important results of the thesis is in particular the significant gain of the solutions based on local voltage control of the inverter compared to the use of an on load tap changer. The many algorithms have been developed with PowerFactory so that they can be reused and completed by Enedis
Lezama, Calvo Jinmi Gregory. "Étude, modélisation et conception d'un système de détection de défauts d'arcs électriques pour l'habitat." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0211.
The electrical arc faults are the cause of electrical home fire. Detecting them is an improvement of domestic electrical safety. The thesis contribution focuses on the problem of the electrical arc fault identification and detection in the domestic low voltage network. In this thesis, the first research objective is the modeling of a domestic electrical network. The aim of the modeling is to recreate graphically the loads and the topology of the real domestic electrical network associated with a series electrical arc fault. The modeling is made on the AC voltage source, domestic loads, arc fault model and a block of current and voltage analysis to control a circuit breaker. The second research objective is the development of a robust method for detecting arcing fault. Four detecting methods were developed as part of this thesis; they are based on the current analysis of frequency and time characteristics. All methods generate information whose amplitude tends to increase in the presence of an electric arc. However, the non-deterministic and random feature of the signals produced by the electrical arc fault as well as the large number and variability of loads and the disturbances which they introduce make the arc detection very difficult. All the studies consistently are composed of a comparison between the normal operation and arc fault signals. The result has resulted in a combined approach of some methodologies and a simple decision model based on a threshold. A prototype which contains a part of the algorithm was shown the feasibility of a circuit in real time
Guitton, Fabrice. "Etude des formes d'onde CEM permettant d'éliminer le filtre secteur d'un convertisseur commutant des charges résistives directement sur le réseau basse tension : application aux circuits intégrés de puissance ASD TM." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4016.
Lezama, Calvo Jinmi Gregory. "Étude, modélisation et conception d'un système de détection de défauts d'arcs électriques pour l'habitat." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0211/document.
The electrical arc faults are the cause of electrical home fire. Detecting them is an improvement of domestic electrical safety. The thesis contribution focuses on the problem of the electrical arc fault identification and detection in the domestic low voltage network. In this thesis, the first research objective is the modeling of a domestic electrical network. The aim of the modeling is to recreate graphically the loads and the topology of the real domestic electrical network associated with a series electrical arc fault. The modeling is made on the AC voltage source, domestic loads, arc fault model and a block of current and voltage analysis to control a circuit breaker. The second research objective is the development of a robust method for detecting arcing fault. Four detecting methods were developed as part of this thesis; they are based on the current analysis of frequency and time characteristics. All methods generate information whose amplitude tends to increase in the presence of an electric arc. However, the non-deterministic and random feature of the signals produced by the electrical arc fault as well as the large number and variability of loads and the disturbances which they introduce make the arc detection very difficult. All the studies consistently are composed of a comparison between the normal operation and arc fault signals. The result has resulted in a combined approach of some methodologies and a simple decision model based on a threshold. A prototype which contains a part of the algorithm was shown the feasibility of a circuit in real time
Neuhaus, Kolja. "Conception d'un réseau LVDC à base de sources d'énergie durable et de plusieurs types d'éléments de stockage électrochimiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30306.
In the context of an energy, ecological and climate crisis, integrating renewable energy sources in electrical grids appears as an absolute necessity. A bibliographic study of renewable energy production technologies, energy storage elements and electrical grids with a specific focus on LVDC micro-grids is proposed in this thesis. Modeling methodologies for the photovoltaic energy production of the BIPV platform ADREAM of LAAS-CNRS based on the building's integrated database as well as for multiple electrochemical storage technologies such as lead, lithium polymer and hybrid carbon batteries. Hydrogen is investigated as possible vector of energy for the future. An overview of industrial hydrogen applications and usages of hydrogen as energy storage is given as well as an insight on the concept of hydrogen production through water electrolysis using photovoltaic sources, named "solar fuels". A prototype of a solar to hydrogen energy conversion chain was designed in collaboration with the RCAST laboratory, Tokyo. The prototype serves as an experimental part for this thesis and is composed of high efficiency triple junction photovoltaic cells, small scale electrolyzer cells, distributed Buck and Boost micro-converter architectures and lithium storage elements with the goal of achieving high solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency while permitting precise control
Rodriguez, Velasquez Rusber Octavio. "Impact characterisation on the low-voltage electrical networks resilience level facing the integration of photovoltaic generation and hydrogen-based energy storage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCD047.
The installed capacity of on-grid photovoltaic (PV) solar systems is growing in medium-voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV) networks composed of residential and commercial users. In addition, energy storage systems (ESS) are being used to improve the performance of distributed generation and self-generation systems that incorporate renewable energy. The unplanned and inadequate interconnection of PV and ESS can cause alterations in the operation of electrical networks. These could also alter the response of the electrical system to low or high-impact disturbance events. This fact can be favourable or harmful and can be overcome by the power grid without requiring interventions such as reconfigurations or corrective manoeuvres. The ability to withstand, absorb and overcome adverse events can be defined as "network electrical resilience". Resilience is a concept gaining strength in power systems, microgrids and low-power electrical installations. It evaluates their performance against disruptive events.The approaches mainly correspond to high-impact, low-probability (HILP) events such as natural disasters and intentional attacks affecting the electrical systems infrastructure. However, resilience can encompass medium and low-impact events such as minor infrastructure accidents, light faults, and supply disturbances. Resilience assessment advances on the LV networks include vulnerability to natural disasters, the probability of power outages, and service quality. These studies usually use approaches independent of each other, leaving a gap between their relationship and interpretation. Then, there is a need to consolidate a resilience assessment strategy to guide the analysis of vulnerabilities and strengths in the same direction.Thus, this thesis proposes a comprehensive approach to evaluate electrical resilience for LV networks. It compiles quantitative strategies for studying electrical resilience, focusing on LV systems. It presents a methodology integrating the electrical system infrastructure's fragility, the supply's continuity, and the service's quality. The potential favourable effects of integrating hydrogen-based ESS (H2-ESS) in LV networks are also considered to increase the reliability of the LV networks. The proposed approach is applied in the LV network of the Electrical Engineering Building (EEB-UIS) at the Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS), Colombia. For this purpose, the EEB-UIS network has been equipped with smart meters at the supply nodes, the PV system coupling point and the load board circuits. Information on power supply outages during 2012-2021 was also collected.The case study analysis allows for testing the effectiveness of the comprehensive resilience evaluation proposed for LV networks. The assessment regarding the actual conditions of the EEB-UIS indicates that its electrical infrastructure has a low risk of collapse due to HILP events. Its reliability could be strengthened by increasing the backup system's coverage of the non-critical loads. Operation resilience analysis shows a general alert for overvoltage issues and load unbalance. Then, a feedback analysis is developed to determine ways to strengthen electrical resilience. The proposed strategies are sizing H2-ESS as a power backup system and implementing an energy management strategy. The EEB-UIS power grid is modelled in MATLAB & Simulink, and quasi-static power flows are run. The simulations allow evaluation of the influence of the H2-ESS's location, installed capacity and operation mode on the LV network performance. It is identified that proper distributed sources management can strengthen electrical resilience, mainly in reliability and operation quality. The overall result shows a comprehensive resilience analysis and the possibility of extending the methodology to microgrids and LV distribution networks
REYNET, Olivier. "Métamatériaux à base d'éléments ferromagnétiques et électroniques." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003751.
Morales, jadan Diego. "Développement de la gestion optimale de l'énergie électrique dans les îles Galápagos vers les Reséaux Intelligents." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT106/document.
The Galápagos Islands are an archipelago of volcanic islands located in the Pacific Ocean, 926 km west of continental Ecuador, of which they are a part. Since 1978, Galapagos Islands are accepted as Heritage World, due to the growth of the population, there are several social, economic and environmental problems, which endanger the environment conservation of the Islands.In this context, the Ecuadorian government desires to preserve its ecological heritage. Hence, with the participation of several stakeholders mainly the Ministry of Energy and Renewable Energy, it is releasing a lot of initiatives. In order to improve the general services that are provided in the islands, this goal will be achieved by means of reducing fossil fuel consumption and therefore CO2 emissions. Thus, this thesis has analyzed the impact of new services on the grid such as the mandatory replacement of conventional vehicles and cookers for efficient ones and to propose solutions for reducing negative issues originated on the network. Also, a strong integration of distributed generation is considered in the analysis.In addition, innovative solutions for both low and medium voltage have been designed and tested for improving the electrical service without affecting the environment and conserving this world heritage. For instance, a smart DSM program composed of Time of Use scheme combined with Demand Response has shown interesting results, the installation of a Battery Energy Storage System has been studied as well; the results in Medium Voltage are promising. An Automatic Phase Switching system is adapted like a solution for reducing unbalance in low voltage with impressive results. The deployment of reclosers has demonstrated a considerable improvement in the reliability with a Return on Investment very short.Considering the Information and Communication Technologies a key piece to deploy Smart Grids, the communication architecture of the Neighbor, Field and Home Area Networks is addressed. As last, an Energy Management System for performing optimal energy management within Galapagos is designed. All these studies have a significant challenge: the optimal management of electricity of isolated grid with zero fossil energy
Bautista, Delgado Alfredo Farid. "Conception d'un système intégré ultra basse tension pour l'électroencéphalographie." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10088.
In this dissertation a full custom Analog Front End (AFE) integrated circuit (IC) for an Electroencephalography system (EEG) is designed and implemented. The AFE consists of an ultra-low voltage amplifier and a Continuous-Time Σ∆ Analog-to-Digital converter (CT Σ∆ ADC). The AFE was implemented in 0. 35 um CMOS process technology, and it works with a supply voltage of 0. 5V. In order to provide a true low voltage operation, all the transistors are working in the subthreshold region. The proposed preamplifier's topology consists of an input stage based on a folded cascoded amplifier and an output stage based on a current source amplifier. The CT Σ∆ Modulator was selected to provide a very low power dissipation. The decimation stage is based in a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter. The Modulator works with a supply voltage of 0. 5V while the FIR stage, which was not optimized, works with a 1V power supply voltage. Testing results show that the OTA has an open loop gain of 38:8dB and 18. 6 dB in its 1st and 2nd stages, respectively. Also, the OTA device has bandwidths in its 1st and 2nd stages of 10. 23KHz and 6. 45KHz, respectively. Other obtained OTA character-istics are: output noise of 1:4mV rms@100Hz and power dissipation of 1,89uW. The ADC shows the following characteristics: SNR of 94. 2dB, ENOB of 15:35bits, INL of +0. 34/-2. 3 LSB, DNL +. 783/-. 62 LSB without missing single code. The modulator dissipates only 7uW. The proposed AFE has one of the best performance among all the devices reviewed in today's literature. The AFE's performance make it suitable for biomedical low-power dissipation applications such as portable EEG devices. In addition to the CT-Σ∆ modulator developed in 0. 35um CMOS technology, an alternative Modulator was designed using a 0. 13um CMOS technology, based on the Discrete Time counterpart. The simulation shows a SNR of 92dB and ENOB of 14. 99dB for an oversampling rate (OSR) of 150
Imaneini, Hossein. "Analyse et dimensionnement d'un convertisseur modulaire moyenne tension-basse tension pour la conversion isolée à découpage." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0038.
In this dissertation, a modular PET structure is presented for feeding critical loads in the network. The utilized topology is a multi-cellular step-down converter that can directly connect to medium voltage levels on the primary side and provide a low-voltage, highly-stable interface for consumer applications. The presented structure consists of three stages : a Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) rectifier, an isolation stage, and an output stage. The CHB rectifier serves as an active rectifier to ensure that the input current is sinusoidal, and it converts the high AC input voltage to low DC voltages. The isolated DC/DC converters are then connected to the DC links and provide galvanic isolation between the HV and LV sides. Finally, a three-phase inverter (which can be part of the respective load) generates the AC output with the desires amplitude and frequency. Several new control approaches are presented and verified by simulation and experimental results
Achir, Mounir. "Technologies basse consommation pour les réseaux ad-hoc." Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0052.
This thesis concern the energy consumption studying of IEEE 802. 15. 4 networks (Low Rate-Wireless Personal Area Networks). This work contain two parts, in the first part, we propose a model from which we obtain an estimation of the power consumption in a wireless node while taking into account both MAC and PHY layers of this norm. We estimate this power consumption with a Markovien modelisation of the IEEE 802. 15. 4 MAC. The transition probabilities of the Markov chain are calculated using an interference and a traffic model. The synthesis of this work gives us a relation ship between nodes power consumption and each of the main parameters specified in the physical layer. In the second part, we explore the wireless routing possibilities in IEEE 802. 15. 4 networks. We propose a new routing protocol called MPSR (Multi-Path Source Routing Protocol). Through simulation, we demonstrate the robustness and the energy efficiency of MPSR and compare its results with classical routing protocols
Fayolle, Gérard. "Conceptions et applications de circuits à mémoire de courant basse tension." Grenoble 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10151.
Piqueras, Laure. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle de l'amorçage de l'arc électrique dans un disjoncteur basse-tension." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/lpiqueras.pdf.
This document describes direct numerical simulation of the first three milliseconds of a low-voltage circuit-breaker using computational-fluid-dynamics code adapted for electric-arc modelling. The mobile electrode is allowed for by a movint mesh. The results describe the evolution of the arc with time in terms of its detailed electrical, thermal and fluid dynamic properties. They allow the identification of several phases during the overall arc initiation process studied here : arc initialisation in the widening electrode gap, arc-thermal expansion, displacement of the arc towards the tip of the mobile electrode, and the beginning of commutation to the fixed electrodes
Guillot, Stéphanie. "Etude optique et spectroscopique du plasma d'arc dans un disjoncteur basse-tension." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2033.
Jourdan, Dominique. "Modélisation de la commutation dans les machines à courant continu basse tension." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0130.
Monsauret, Nelsy. "Etude et conception d'amplificateurs basse tension très large bande pour radiotéléphones portatifs." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0030.
Piqueras, Laure Jeandel Denis. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle de l'amorçage de l'arc électrique dans un disjoncteur basse-tension." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/lpiqueras.pdf.
Rouissi, Fatma. "Optimisation de la couche PHY des systèmes de communication sur le réseau d'énergie en présence de bruit impulsif." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10042/document.
This thesis deals with the study and the suggestion of new solutions to improve high bit rate power line communications. A special interest is given to impulsive noise presence which is the most difficult transmission constraint to overcome. The first aim of this work is to analyze statistically measure results then to propose a simple and efficient noise model that will be used in a simulation tool to define accurately suitable noise cancellation techniques. Experimental measurements done in both Indoor and vehicle PLC channels allowed to deduce noise characteristics in the two environments, to compare these characteristics and to prove high effect of Indoor impulsive noise. ln next step, three models were studied: c1ass A of Middleton mode 1, Markov chains-based model and the stochastic approach. Then, a new hybrid model, that combines the stochastic approach and Markov chains, was proposed. This model is simple, easy to implement and allows a satisfying fitting to noise temporal characteristics. Comparisons of models to measured noise show the efficiency of the hybrid approach that will be used afterward. The second aim of this work is to defme new appropriate and cost-effective methods to compensate impulsive noise effect. The frrst solution is to add a noise canceller module in the PLC system receiver. This solution was studied by proposing techniques to cancel noise by estimating its power. The second solution is to use error correction methods. ln this case, three channel coding structures were developed and their performances were studied in the presence of different impulsive noise scenarios
Turier, Arnaud. "Etude, conception et caractérisation de mémoires Cmos, faible consommation, faible tension en technologies submicroniques." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066543.
Courteix, Alain. "Contribution à la synthèse systématique des convertisseurs statiques à conversion indirecte application à la conversion basse tension alternative basse fréquence." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596921z.
Galván, Diego Arturo. "Simulation of lightning electromagnetic fields and their interaction with low voltage power installations /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40206479n.
Simon, Muela Adan. "Architectures de convertisseurs DC/DC à fort courant, basse tension avec commande numérique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348195.
Neri, Amandine. "Elaboration et frittage par courant pulsé de contacts électriques basse et moyenne tension." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAL0021.
[This work has been dedicated to two kinds of materials, Ag-SnO2, electrical contact materials for low voltage contactors and W-Cu electrical contact materials for medium voltage interrupters. These electrical contact materials have an essential role in life span of the products in which they are used. Make and breaks operations results in the creation of an electrical arc which erode the surface of the contacts. The materials used from their elaboration to their assembly on the final product are an important industrial stake. The general purpose is to optimize the elaboration step of these powders by high energy milling then the sintering step by conventionnal and spark plasma sintering routes in order to improve the electrical performances of the contacts. The high energy milling of the materials enables to achieve nanostructured materials with fine dispersion of the tin oxide or the copper on the silver or tungsten matrix. Spark plasma sintering is an innovative and interesting way to densify this kind of materials. Contacts with relative density upper 95% have been obtained. A performance saving of 30% has been obtained for two electrical properties, erosion and non welding properties for the contacts sintered by SPS]
Bellahrach, Mohamed. "Contribution a l'etude de la forme d'un arc electrique de coupure basse tension." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF21302.
Simon-Muela, Adan. "Architectures de convertisseurs DC/DC basse tension et fort courant avec commande numérique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/375/.
The power consumption of embedded microprocessors has significantly increased due to the considerable number of new functions which they should manage currently. Furthermore, the present reduction of the lithographical dimensions and the augment of the number of transistor and their switching frequency are new constraints to consider from the point of view of power supply requirements. Thus, current generation of microprocessors needs considerable supply currents with very low voltages (around 1V). Moreover, the required slew-rates are also important (500A/µs). Then, to achieve these strict power supply levels, the main design trend is to place the power converter as close as possible to the load to minimize the transmission losses and to optimize the power matching. This concept is know as Point-of-Load converters which allows designers to obtain distributed power supply architectures using one or more intermediate common voltage bus supplying several ICs. The aim of this dissertation is to study these DC/DC PoL converters and their association to increase the current supply levels delivered to the charge. Hence, our PoL converters are mainly based on those used as voltage regulators modules (VRMs) owning high-current, low-voltage and high switching frequency. These VRMs serves as power supply systems oriented to embedded microprocessors like those we can find inside PC motherboards. Referring VRMs, interleaved or multiphase architectures are preferred to achieve these strict supply powers. Traditionally, this kind of power supplies owns analog control. However, new microprocessors generation demands faster performances and more accurate and tight regulations. Thus, the present trend is to replace the classical analog control by a digital control system more flexible and performing likewise. Then, this dissertation takes part in the LISPA regional project where the LAAS and Freescale Semiconductor collaborate to develop new power supply systems for embedded power microprocessors
Taris, Thierry. "Conception de circuits radiofréquences en technologie CMOS VLSI sous contrainte de basse tension." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR16015.