Дисертації з теми "Réseau de stations météo"
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Dumas, Guillaume. "Co-construction d'un réseau d'observation du climat urbain et de services climatiques associés : cas d'application sur la métropole toulousaine." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30256.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis provides a description of the development of climate services within Toulouse Métropole, France. They are articulated around a automated weather station network for micro-climatology studies, in particular the analysis of air temperature of the urban canopy heat island. The first one decomposes the climate services based on observation networks into distinct objects attached to separate and interacting disciplinary fields. The approach is based on a classification of the bibliography and the work of the World Meteorological Organization on climate services. This part also explains the volontee to mobilize methods relating to participation and in particular co-construction with the purpose to bring work flow and dynamic. While the first axis presents a theoretical, methodological framework for action-research work, the second axis is intended to be its practical application. In other words the transformation of the different components of a climate service based on a measurment network into a technical solution deployed and operational according to international norms and standards. A focus is brought on the choice of measurement sites with the help of thematic maps and a mobile measurement campaign. The third axis, finally, proposes an analysis of the heat island of the Toulouse territory from the data measured by the network. The heat island is approached from the classic angle of the urban/rural dichotomy and according to optimal weather conditions at its formation. In a second step, the approach of weather types is mobilized to deepen the analyses according to various types of weather conditions. Finally, a finer spatial analysis is carried out using Local Climate Zones (LCZ) with a focus on the activity zones (LCZ 8)
Chaufray, Jean-Marie. "Détection et démodulation de stations de base dans le réseau UMTS." Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0161.
Повний текст джерелаAsgari, Jamal. "Etude de modèles prédictifs dans un réseau de stations GPS permanentes." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2005. https://hal.science/tel-02071417.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis consists of two parts with various objectives. The motivations of the first part of the study are : investigation of the GPS spatial and temporal error models, and study of their validity, emphasizing on the network real time applications and the non-differential processing. In the second part we studied the theory of non-differential positioning and we developed a non-differential GPS processing software in the MATLAB IDE. In this study, we investigated the multi-reference use of the network with establishment of interpolation models of the various errors affecting GPS measurements. Filtering and adjustment methods like Kalman filter, collocation, and kriging are studied. The Least Squares Spectral (LSSA) is applied to a 4 years series of TEC values. These analyses show that the data spectrum contains 1 day, 12 hours and 8 hours periods. The validity of several ionospheric models is studied, by examining their effectiveness for real data. Moreover we present a new computation method of ionospheric grids for the prediction of TEC values. The predicted grids could be diffused by Internet and be used in single frequency applications. The numerical tests of interpolation via collocation and kriging were performed for the residual part of the tropospheric delay. The interpolation of other errors may be done in a similar manner. GPSS is a Precise Point Positioning (PPP) software which uses raw data in RINEX format and precise ephemeris. It includes additional visualizations and data quality controls tools
Exbrayat, Matthieu. "Evaluation parallèle de requêtes relationnelles sur le réseau de stations : le système ENKIDU." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1999ISAL0003/these.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe need for high performances management of relational data bases is nowadays mostly satisfied by using Parallel Data Bases Management Systems (P-DBMS). Unfortunately, the huge complexity of such systems leads to prohibitive prices. Numerous applications, such as on-line document querying, only exploit a restricted subset of the abilities offered by a parallel DBMS ( owing to the fact that coherency and transaction management are not much used). Considering this fact we propose an innovative approach to handle such « read-most » data bases. This approach is based on a parallel extension, called parallel relational queries evaluator, working over a network of workstations. This query evaluator connects itself to a DBMS, from which it extracts data in order to exploit it in a parallel way on the network of workstations. The storing and querying functions offered by this evaluator are by this way similar to the ones of a parallel DBMS. In this document we propose an architecture of the parallel relational queries evaluator, handling both data and queries management. We then introduce the ENKIDU prototype, which has been developed in order to implement our concepts. We also expose a set of tests and measurements, conducted over ENKJDU and highlighting [ts viability and efficiency. Finally, we propose to generalise the parallel extension concept, which appears to be portable to several other fields of computer science
Amoretti, René. "Modélisation et commande optimale d'un réseau de distribution d'eau potable : mise en oeuvre, test et étude des performances sur le réseau de Fium'Orbo." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30001.
Повний текст джерелаSiegelin, Christoph. "Mémoire partagée pour un réseau de stations de travail : conception materielle, outils de simulation et analyse des performances." Paris, ENST, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENST0011.
Повний текст джерелаGhorabi, Moncef. "Vitesses de groupe mesurée en deux stations du réseau GEOSCOPE et régionalisation de la structure globale du manteau supérieur." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F056.
Повний текст джерелаHontand, Jean-Claude. "Simulation d'écoulements à grands nombres de Reynolds par la méthode des éléments avec joints sur un réseau de stations." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066384.
Повний текст джерелаTorres, Machado Diego. "Radio détection des rayons cosmiques d'ultra-haute énergie : mise en oeuvre et analyse des données d'un réseau de stations autonomes." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975738.
Повний текст джерелаTorres, Machado Diego. "Radio détection des rayons cosmiques d’ultra-haute énergie : mise en œuvre et analyse des données d’un réseau de stations autonomes." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=70655f50-250f-42c3-bfce-008bffc41cc8.
Повний текст джерелаUltra high energy cosmic rays are undoubtedly the product of the most energetic process in the universe. Their energy can reach macroscopic values (up to around 10 Joules !) and it is converted to kinetic energy of the particles which compose the air shower in the atmosphere. Questions about their source and propagation in the interstellar medium are still open, making the _eld of the astroparticle physics very attractive. The CODALEMA experiment is an instrument devoted to indirect cosmic ray detection through the radio emission induced by charged particles of air showers. This thesis presents results of data analysis since 2010 concerning the latest setup of the experiment, which is composed of 34 autonomous stations. The noise analysis has revealed that autonomous stations are sensitive to several human-made interferences. Since, methods for background rejection has been developed with the aim of embedding them into the next generation electronic boards. Likewise, the radio emission process taking place in the shower during its development are studied through their polarization pattern. The presence of the two preponderant emission mechanisms (transverse current and charge excess) are highlighted in this data set. A new parametrization of the lateral pro_le is also suggested
Sachpazi, Marie. "Etude sismologique de la structure et du champ géothermique de l'île de Milos (Grèce) avec un réseau dense de stations sismiques large bande." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077288.
Повний текст джерелаDescamps, Gilles-Eric. "Méthode de distribution hiérarchique d'outils de vérification de circuits intégrés VLSI sur un réseau de stations de travail : application à un vérificateur de règles de dessin." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066808.
Повний текст джерелаMkahl, Rania. "Contribution à la modélisation, au dimensionnement et à la gestion des flux énergétiques d’un système de recharge de véhicules électriques : étude de l’interconnexion avec le réseau électrique." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0264/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe strong dependence on oil and ecological and environmental constraints force many car manufacturers to develop new research programs for the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) and associated infrastructures. The embedded batteries into the EVs can be charged by the electrical network or by another source of renewable energy. In this context, the work presented in this thesis aims to study a system of EVs charging using solar energy through photovoltaic panels. To do so, a sizing study of the system has been proposed in order to evaluate the energy needs for an EV and determine the quantity of required energy for its propel. The key elements of the system have been sized: photovoltaic panels, storage battery (Lead-acid) and traction battery (Li-ion). From this sizing study and considering the EV characteristics, we determined the energy quantity required for itspropel. With the aim to study the behavior of each system component and analyze its adequacy with the charging process, a modeling study was conducted, and each element is represented by a mathematical model. The performed analysis and comparison of obtained results (simulation results and experimental results) allowed us to validate the developed models. In addition, this modeling study, allowed the validation of the choice of all components of charging system. In fact, the problem was formalized by a linear program with the aim to assign each EV to an adequate charging station. The assignment takes into account various constraints and characteristics of EVs, as well as those of charging stations, traffic conditions, interest points of drivers, etc. The proposed approach allowed to assign adequately and optimally EVs to charging stations while satisfying all constraints
Wang, Dian. "Microgrid based on photovoltaic energy for charging electric vehicle stations : charging and discharging management strategies in communication with the smart grid." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2584.
Повний текст джерелаThe rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) increases the power demand, which causes an extra burden on the public grid increasing the load fluctuations, therefore, hindering the high penetration of EVs. A real-time rule-based algorithm for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations empowered by a DC microgrid is proposed to deal with the uncertainties of EV users’ behaviour considering its arbitrary and random choices through the human-machine interface, meanwhile considering most of the users’ choices. The simulation results obtained under MATLAB/Simulink verify the feasibility of the proposed management strategy that presents a good performance in terms of precise control. In addition, EV shedding and restoration optimization algorithms (SROA) for battery charging power can be used to meet user needs while maintaining EV charging station power balance, taking into consideration the intermittency of the photovoltaic (PV) source, the capacity limitation of the storage, and the power limitation of the public grid. The simulation results show that compared with rule-based algorithm, the proposed SROA respect the user's choice while reducing total charging time, increasing the full rate, and maximizing the available power utilization, which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of SROA. Furthermore, a PV based charging station for EVs can participate to solve some peak power problems. On the other hand, vehicle to grid (V2G) technology is designed and applied to provide ancillary services grid during the peak periods, considering the duality of EV battery “load-source”. So, a dynamic searching peak and valley algorithm, based on energy management, is proposed for an EV charging station to mitigate the impact on the public grid, while reducing the energy cost of the public grid. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed searching peak and valley algorithm effectiveness, which can guarantee the balance of the public grid, meanwhile satisfy the charging demand of EV users, and most importantly, reduce the public grid energy cost
Maruejouls, Thibaud. "Gestion intégrée des eaux usées urbaines : caractérisation et modélisation du comportement des polluants dans un bassin de rétention en réseau unitaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23858.
Повний текст джерелаSimoneau-Drolet, Daniel. "Simulations et stratégies de contrôle applicables à la gestion de la vidange du réservoir de rétention du site St-Sacrement du réseau sanitaire de la ville de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23680/23680.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKrolikowski, Jonatan. "Optimal Content Management and Dimensioning in Wireless Networks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS452/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe massive increase in cellular traffic poses serious challenges to all actors concerned with wireless content delivery. While network densification provides access to additional users, high-speed and high-capacity backhaul connections are expensive. Caching popular content at the network edge promises to offload user traffic from these congestion prone connections as well as from the data centers in the backbone network. This thesis proposes a business model in which a mobile network operator (MNO) pre-installs and maintains caches at its wireless equipment (Cache-equipped Base Stations, CBSs). Memory space together with computational capabilities is then leased to content providers (CPs) that want to bring their content closer to the user. For a financial compensation, a CP can then offload traffic from its data center and improve user Quality of Service. The CP makes content placement decisions based on predictive user traffic and content popularity data. In the delivery phase, users can be served from the caches in case they are associated to stations that have the requested content cached. This work investigates three aspects of the proposed business model: The first research question focuses on user association as a central element to the edge caching scheme. Cache-aware user association policies can allow for users in coverage overlap areas to be associated to a CBS that holds the requested content rather than conventionally to the one that provides the strongest signal. The thesis proposes an original decentralized algorithm for user association called Generalized Bucket-filling that allows gains beyond maximizing the hit ratio. Performance metrics such as network throughput and load balancing of users among CBSs are taken into account. Experiments show that cache-aware user association a) increases the hit ratio b) without overloading single CBSs while c) providing high system throughput. The second problem treated considers a single CP that needs to decide how much cache space to lease at each CBS for a fixed price, and what content to place. Its choices should be based on estimates of file popularity as well as MNO user association policy. The cache leasing and content placement problem is formulated as a non-linear mixed-integer problem (NLMIP). In its solution, the problem is separated into a linear discrete CP subproblem and a nonlinear continuous subproblem using Benders decomposition. The CP and the MNO cooperate, helping the CP to make optimal decisions that benefit both parties: The CP maximizes its savings from caching while the MNO can find the optimal cache price and receive the maximum financial compensation. A third research question widens the focus to the interaction between several CPs and one MNO. Now, the MNO does not set a fixed price per memory unit but instead reacts to CP demands for memory space that depend on the savings they can achieve from caching
Khorchani, Mohamed. "Apports de l'imagerie numérique et de l'approche connexionniste à l'analyse de fonctionnement, la modélisation et la gestion des déversoirs d'orage." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/931b8e79-4caa-4546-a79c-d6b92611a1d3.
Повний текст джерелаGonzalez-Merchan, Carolina. "Amélioration des connaissances sur le colmatage des systèmes d’infiltration d’eaux pluviales." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0040/document.
Повний текст джерелаInfiltration systems are widely used in urban stormwater management. Infiltration systems can significantly reduce stormwater discharges to sewer systems and may therefore contribute to the mitigation of flooding problems. In addition infiltrations systems also help to reduce stormwater pollution, contribute to groundwater recharge and to water course protection. However, the hydraulic performance of infiltration systems decreases with time due to clogging effects. A clogged layer limits the transfer of water and pollutants in infiltrations systems. The clogging has a significant impact on the long-term performance of a system. The aim of this PhD study is to better understand spatio-temporal evolution of clogging on large infiltration systems involving different scales: (i) global scale, (ii) semi - global (the whole bottom and the sides), (iii) local scale (different part of the bottom). An experimental approach has been carried out in the OTHU project (Field Observatory on Urban Hydrology, www.othu.org). An infiltration basin studied with three investigations scales under real operation conditions. In a global scale, the temporal clogging evolution of the system was evaluated in terms of hydraulic resistance. This clogging indicator was calibrated from Bouwer’s model. Water inflow, TSS, COD, climatic factors (air temperature and solar energy), stormwater events and season variations were measured. The results describe the clogging evolution over 8 years. It indicates that vegetation may have a beneficial effect on infiltration capacity. In a semi global scale study, clogging evolution at the bottom and the sides, of the infiltration basin was evaluated. It proved that the clogging mainly occurs at the bottom, that is, the bottom was clogged fast and the clogging at the sides was slow. Local scale study, spatial distribution and temporal evolution of clogging at the bottom with in situ measurements during 2 years were investigated. The study characterised the clogged layer, with bio physic-chemical parameters (i.e., were investigated hydraulic conductivity, porosity, grain size, dry bulk density, organic matter and biomass content). This analyze compared also the role of different types of spontaneous vegetation. The result showed the high spatio-temporal heterogeneity on the infiltration surface. Statistical analysis of clogging evolution in each scale showed the significant impacts of biological activity in the stormwater infiltration basins, which was often neglected
Dufour, Vincent. "Identification des sources en pesticides en contexte urbain et développements d’échantillonneurs passifs de type POCIS : application à la métropole bordelaise." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0831/document.
Повний текст джерелаGlobal demographic increase coupled with standard of living increase drive water resources’ anthropic pressure. This phenomenon is linked with consumption habits and with chemicals dispersion in environment. Pesticides are part of the most concerning contaminants. They were firstly used to enhance agricultural productivity but nowadays these chemicals are used for our daily life needs (in building materials, veterinary treatments, papers, textile products, paints, etc.) and so urban effluents such as storm sewer or wastewater treatment plant effluents are identified as important vectors of pesticides which are added to agricultural inputs. The diversity of sources coupled to an intrinsic toxicity highlight pesticides as environmental concerning compounds and their sources have to be clearly identified and classified to consider source reduction actions.The study of an urban continuum in Bordeaux Metropolis (France) highlighted qualitative and quantitative differences in contamination profiles between river water, storm sewers and wastewater treatment plant effluents. River waters are contaminated with phytopharmaceuticals (metolachlor, glyphosate) but molecules of high ecotoxicological concern (fipronil, imidacloprid) are mostly brought by wastewater treatment plants. These structures are indeed not built for micropollutant treatment and biocides provided by wastewaters are discharged in surface water. Urban effluents reflect uses of wastewater network by private consumers and industries. Advanced investigations in the wastewater network allowed identifying them as providers of veterinary molecules such as fipronil and imidacloprid. In parallel, monitoring of rain effluents allowed to identify storm sewers as less important sources of pesticides that wastewaters but they have to be considered for some molecules. Indeed, they can locally increase contamination in natural water around the discharge site especially concerning biocides (carbendazime, diuron, propiconazole, terbutryne) because of runoff waters over treated surfaces. Case of glyphosate is much more complex because this molecule was found in every compartment and seemed to be introduced massively both by agriculture and urban effluents in link with its use by farmers but also private consumers and some professionals.Passive sampling of water resources with POCIS (Polar Organic Chemicals Integrative Sampler) was successfully applied, allowing to quantify pesticides at trace levels and to calculate precise fluxes leading to the confirmation of previous results. However, the usefulness of this tool is limited in the case of wastewater monitoring. Uptake kinetics are too rapid to allow a quantitative characterisation of raw wastewaters over long period of deployment. These observations were confirmed with the comparison of in-situ calibration performed both in river and in effluent of a wastewater treatment plant and leaded to the development of new version of POCIS. Mini-POCIS and POCIS-T (lighter and smaller than original ones) were calibrated both in laboratory and in real conditions. They are more adapted than classical devices to wastewater sampling allowing covering a much longer period of monitoring
Chandakas, Ektoras. "Modelling congestion in passenger transit networks." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1011/document.
Повний текст джерелаA structural model is provided to capture capacity phenomena in passenger traffic assignment to a transit network. That has been founded on a bi-layer representation of the transit network : on the lower layer the model addresses each network sub-system (line, station and access-egress) separately, on the basis of specific capacity effects ; on the upper layer a leg-based representation is used with respect to the sub-systems' costs and operating characteristics to address the trip maker's path choices. We establish a novel framework for modelling capacity effects and develop the CapTA network model (for Capacitated Transit Assignment). It is systemic and modular and addresses in particular the following capacity phenomena, the in-vehicle quality of service is linked to the comfort of the passengers on-board. The occupation of heterogeneous comfort states (seats, folding seats and standing at different passenger densities) influences the perceived arduousness of the travel ; the vehicle capacity at boarding influences the waiting time of the passengers and their distribution to the transit services ; the track infrastructure capacity relates the dwelling time of the vehicles (and by extent the alighting and boarding flows) with the performance of the transit services and their service frequency. These phenomena are dealt with by line of operations on the basis of a set of local models yielding specific flows and costs. Accordingly, they modify the local conditions of a transit trip for each individual passenger. However, these should be addressed within the transit network in order to capture their effect on the network path choices; essentially the economic trade-offs that influence the choice between different network itineraries. Their treatment in a network level assures the coherence of the path choice. Equivalently, a station sub-model addresses specific capacity constraints and yields the local walking conditions, sensible to the interaction of the passengers in the interior of a station : the instant bottleneck created at the entry of the circulation elements delays the evacuation of the station platforms; the passenger density and presence of heterogeneous passenger flows slows down the passengers who circulate in the station; and the presence of real-time information influences the decision making process of the transit users exposed to. These effects do not only impact locally the in-station path choice, but most notably they modify the choices of transit routes and itineraries on a network level. The Paris Metropolitan Region provides an ideal application field of the capacity constrained transit assignment model. It is mainly used as a showcase of the simulation capabilities and of the finesse of the modelling approach. The transit network involves 1 500 bus routes together with 260 trains routes that include 14 metro lines and 4 light rail lines. Traffic assignment at the morning peak hour is characterized by heavy passenger loads along the central parts of the railway lines. Increased train dwelling, due to boarding and alighting flows, and reduction in the service frequency impact the route and the line capacity. The generalized time of a transit trip is impacted mainly though its in-vehicle comfort component. Detailed results have been provided for the RER A, the busiest commuter rail line in the transit network