Дисертації з теми "Réseau de capteurs et systèmes répartis"
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Abriat, Patrick. "Conception et réalisation d'un système multi-agent de robotique permettant de récupérer les erreurs dans les cellules flexibles." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD411.
Повний текст джерелаBertero, Christophe. "Perception de l'environnement urbain à l'aide d'une flotte de capteurs sur des vélos : application à la pollution de l'air." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30321.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis takes place in the context of "smart cities", where the information processing improves the quality of life. It studies the perception of the environment and especially the perception of air pollution in the city using sensors on bikes. The first chapter introduces the technical and scientific challenges in terms of information collection and modeling applied to aerology. The second chapter presents the design of a fleet of mobile instruments for measuring air pollution. We characterize the shape of the sensor network needed for modeling, on the one hand using the literature and on the other hand using a simulation. The third chapter deals with the development of such an instrument. We have built our instrument around a semiconductor metal oxide micro-sensor (MOx sensor) of NO2 and CO, the MiCS-4514, and evaluated its performance in controlled environments. The fourth chapter presents the two deployments of this instrument in the city of Toulouse in France, first with a bicycle rental association and then with bikers from our laboratory, and the dataset collected. Finally, we estimate the pollution levels in NO2 and CO in the city
Bernoussi, Abdes-Samed. "Approche fréquentielle des systèmes distribués : Relation avec les capteurs et les actionneurs." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0152.
Повний текст джерелаBekhti, Mustapha. "Réseaux de capteurs : application à la poursuite des cibles mobiles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD092.
Повний текст джерелаFor decades Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in modern warfare for surveillance, reconnaissance, sensing, battle damage assessment and attacking. The benefits of UAVs include reduced cost and no warfighter risk. In fact UAVs use is increased by time,especially under the concept of the network centric operation environment and under the concept of revolution in military affairs. On the other hand, the UAVs technology which originates from military applications, arouse the interest of the civilian, and yet, the domestic use began with limited aerial patrols of the nation’s borders, disaster and law enforcement situation. Recently, these products have also been destined to the commercial market and have gained much attention. Although UAVs use is expanding, their level of automation, cooperation and integration in civil application is far from being efficient and the design principles of such cooperation, coordination and self-organization under an Ad-hoc networkof a multi-UAV still need intensive studies and remain an open research problem. In this thesis, the investigated tracks were drawn both from the literature review and from the news topics. Thus, they covered two main classes of contributions, first, path planning and tracking of drones with package delivery and data gathering missions, and second, intrusion detection in a sensitive area through the use of networked drones.The results show that the integration of the drone segment to the terrestrial wireless network presents a relevant added value and opens new perspectives to the use of this technology in the civilian realm
Yan, Feng. "Homologie simpliciale et couverture radio dans un réseau de capteurs." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0049/document.
Повний текст джерелаHomology theory provides new and powerful solutions to address the coverage hole problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). They are based on two combinatorial objects named Cech complex and Rips complex. Cech complex can fully characterize coverage properties of a WSN (existence and locations of holes), but it is very difficult to construct. Rips complex is easy to construct but it may miss some coverage holes. In the first part of this thesis, we choose the proportion of the area of holes missed by Rips complex as a metric to evaluate the accuracy of homology based coverage hole detection. Closed form expressions for lower and upper bounds of the proportion are derived. Simulation results are well consistent with the analytical lower and upper bounds, with maximum differences of 0.5% and 3%. In addition, we extend the analysis to the sphere case. In the second part, we first propose a graph based distributed algorithm to detect non-triangular holes. This algorithm exhibits high complexity. We thus propose another efficient homology based distributed algorithm. This algorithm only requires 1- and 2-hop neighbour nodes information and has the worst case complexity O(n3) where n is the maximum number of 1-hop neighbour nodes. It can accurately detect the boundary cycles of about 99% coverage holes in about 99% cases
Castañeda, Nadir. "Géo-localisation et poursuite dans un réseau mobile." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004202.
Повний текст джерелаFaye, Sébastien. "Contrôle et gestion du trafic routier urbain par un réseau de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0061/document.
Повний текст джерелаRoad traffic has a significant effect on metropolitan activities, especially during peak hours when it impacts on areas such as the economy and the environment. Road infrastructure is typically coordinated from a control centre that is responsible for maintaining not only its equipment but also their initial settings and incident management (both material and human). During the past few years, new technologies in the fields of information and communication have led to the introduction of intelligent transportation systems. Using multiple measurement points distributed across a country, an operator can count road users and calculate the network load. However, the centralization of information has a number of drawbacks. The aim of this thesis is to study the use of distributed systems in order to implement intelligent transportation systems via a wireless sensor network. Coupled to a detection unit (e.g., a magnetometer), the interconnected sensors can respond to the passage of a vehicle when deployed, for example, along the road. They can also work together without recourse to a central entity - rendering all or part of an urban area totally independent. Furthermore, these networks can operate autonomously and are less susceptible to breadown, because the overall running of the system is not affected by the failure of individual components. Finally, components are small and cheap, and they operate wirelessly, which means they can be deployed and redeployed both rapidly and densely
Ingelrest, François. "Protocoles localisés de diffusion et économie d'énergie dans les réseaux ad hoc et de capteurs." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00113869.
Повний текст джерелаLes réseaux de capteurs sont similaires aux réseaux ad hoc, car ils sont également décentralisés et autonomes. Un capteur est un petit appareil capable de surveiller son environnement. Des cas typiques d'utilisation peuvent être la surveillance de zones militaires (détection de mouvements) ou de forêts (détection d'incendie).
Parmi les problèmes communs à ces deux types de réseaux se trouve la diffusion. Dans une telle communication, un message est envoyé depuis un objet donné vers tous les autres du réseau. Les applications de ce processus sont nombreuses : découverte de routes, synchronisation... Comme les objets mobiles utilisent une batterie, il est nécessaire que la diffusion soit la plus économe possible d'un point de vue énergétique. Cela est généralement obtenu en réduisant la quantité de relais nécessaires, ou en limitant la puissance d'émission à chaque relais.
Le but de mon travail était d'étudier la diffusion dans les réseaux ad hoc et de capteurs, afin de mettre en lumière les caractéristiques et les défauts des mécanismes existants, puis d'en proposer de nouveaux, plus efficaces. Dans tous ces travaux, nous avons toujours voulu rester dans le domaine des solutions 'réalistes' : beaucoup des précédentes études utilisaient en effet des mécanismes centralisés, où une connaissance globale du réseau est nécessaire pour effectuer la diffusion. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur des solutions fiables et localisés, c'est-à-dire n'utilisant que des informations sur le voisinage de chaque noeud. Ce type de mécanisme permet également un passage à l'échelle simplifié, car la quantité d'informations nécessaire ne varie pas avec la taille du réseau. Nos études montrent de plus que ces solutions peuvent être aussi efficaces que les méthodes centralisées.
Puisque l'ajustement de portée est un mécanisme très important dans la conservation de l'énergie, nous avons proposé une méthode de diffusion originale, basée sur le concept de portée optimale de communication. Cette dernière est calculée de manière théorique grâce au modèle énergétique considéré, et représente le meilleur compromis entre l'énergie dépensée à chaque noeud et le nombre de relais nécessaires. Nous avons ainsi proposé deux protocoles différents basés sur ce concept, chacun étant plus spécifiquement adapté soit aux réseaux ad hoc (TR-LBOP), soit aux réseaux de capteurs (TR-DS).
Afin de réduire encore plus la consommation énergétique, nous avons étudié le fameux protocole centralisé nommé BIP. Son efficacité est due au fait qu'il considère la couverture obtenue par une seule émission omnidirectionnelle, au lieu de considérer chaque lien séparément. Nous avons proposé une solution localisée basée sur BIP, afin de construire incrémentalement une structure de diffusion. Nous avons montré de manière expérimentale que les résultats ainsi obtenus sont très proches de ceux fournis par BIP, notamment dans les réseaux de forte densité, tout en n'utilisant que des informations locales à chaque noeud.
Nous avons finalement considéré la suppression d'une hypothèse forte, largement répandue dans la communauté des réseaux ad hoc et de capteurs : l'utilisation d'un graphe du disque unitaire. Ce dernier définit la zone de communication d'un noeud comme étant un cercle parfait. Nous avons remplacé cette hypothèse par une autre plus réaliste afin d'en étudier les conséquences sur un protocole connu, le protocole de diffusion par relais multipoints (MPR). Nous avons montré que ce dernier ne fournit plus de résultats suffisants dans un tel environnement. Nous avons également proposé quelques modifications afin d'obtenir à nouveau de bons résultats.
Bettahar, Fehd. "Conception et prototypage d'un système complet pour la surveillance du grain dans les silos de stockage." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20027/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with new monitoring technologies applied to grain storage in silos. Since the first sedentary groups, cereals have been accounted as the main food for humans, as well as for livestock. The crops are seasonal and storage is a vital necessity for the world population, which currently has 7.2 billion inhabitants and will reach 9 billion in 2050. In this problematic around monitoring of silos, insects represent the first grain postharvest pest, causing considerable losses in some cases up to 10% of the production. Several techniques and methods have been developed and implemented in order to face the danger of these pests. The most common method is the use of synthetic chemical insecticides, which have an obvious negative effect on both, human health and the environment. This work is part of a cooperative program named ECOSILO, whose main objective is to design and create prototype ecological alternatives to the systematic and massive use of insecticides. This is therefore a largely multidisciplinary approach, in which we were in charge to conceptualize a comprehensive monitoring system to detect infestations early and automatically control of the attractive and insecticides spreading. Our proposal is based on logic of IPM and focuses on the prevention and early detection of possible infestations, in order to preserve stocks and to avoid reaching high level of economic loss. Its fundamental originality lies in the proposition of a predictive model of the development of the infestation, which consists of coupling a thermal model of the silo with a biological model describing insect growth. Thus, it is possible, with additional weather data support, to anticipate the development of insects and initiate preventive alarms. This solution is accompanied by more specific electronic and computer monitoring developments in silos: a detection system at the entrance of silos; a supervision of the top of the heap of grain which is the hottest; Monitoring of the heap of grain in its entire height. These developments are implementing multiple detection modes (temperature, humidity, acoustic probe, CO2). All these technical contributions are incorporated in the form of a comprehensive monitoring system with a user interface that meets the requirements of the overall project ECOSILO. The functional checks have been performed in laboratory and actual site. We conclude on the perspectives opened by this work
El, Homsi Salim. "Etude et proposition de méthodes et d'outils pour un système de communication de capteurs/actionneurs sans fil répartis basé sur la technologie Bluetooth." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20097.
Повний текст джерелаNowdays, reducing wireless communication time delay of feedback sensor/actuator system becomes necessary. Our work offers methods, tools and a metrology to assess temporal performances of the Bluetooth links. By developing a specific logarithmic trancoding digital circuit, we fit the use of Bluetooth PCM interface and its synchronous links, initially dedicated to transmitting voice. Thus, the transducer digital data, under strong temporal constraints, can flow through a minimum of protocolar layers ensuring short and limited transmission delay. The original proposed architecture allows to cover a broad variety of communicating transducers. Finally, we propose an extended solution using alternated deterministic frequency hopping where the data are distributed on several transmitters. This scheme affords architectural prospectives of wireless communicating transducers with minimal latency and higher flow
Madi, Ghadir. "Optimisation d'un réseau de capteurs par techniques MIMO coopératives." Poitiers, 2012. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/25302/2012-Madi-Ghadir-These.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWireless sensor networks (WSN) have a wide range of applications in various fields and consist of a large number of low-cost, low-power distributed sensors. Energy efficiency of sensors is the most critical issue in the system design of the network. The aim of this thesis is to study the application of recent MIMO techniques in the context of cooperative MIMO forWSN in order to reduce energy consumption. These techniques are based on the max−dmin and P-OSM precoders which require the knowledge of the channel state information (CSI) at transmitter. To make the use of the CSI realistic in WSN, we quantized these two precoders. The idea is to reduce the information sent on the feedback channel while still having a good performance of the precoders. We used some techniques from the literature and proposed others to perform this quantization. We then proposed various energy-efficient cooperative schemes that allow the implementation of max−dmin and P-OSM precoders with a quantized feedback channel. Performances of the proposed schemes in terms of energy consumption and transmission delay are evaluated and analyzed by comparing them with the space-time block codes (STBC) based cooperative scheme used in literature. Results show that our proposed systems provide more energy savings than the STBC one even in the presence of synchronization errors between the sensors. We are further interested in the application of sensor networks in high-voltage substations in the context of the Smart Grid. The objective is to evaluate the performance of proposed cooperative systems in the presence of impulsive noise and in a real environment of high-voltage substation in Quebec. By using measured data of impulsive noise obtained from the Ecole de Technologie Supérieure of Montreal, we determined a statistical model of the impulsive noise. In order to use the multi-antenna system, we propose an extension of this model
Li, Wenjie. "Collecte et estimation robustes d’information dans un réseau de capteurs sans fils." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS461/document.
Повний текст джерелаWireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted much interests in the last decade. The first part of this thesis considers sparse random linear network coding is for data gathering and compression in WSNs. An information-theoretic approach is applied to demonstrate the necessary and sufficient conditions to realize the asymptotically perfect reconstruction under MAP estimation. The second part of the thesis concerns the distributed self-rating (DSR) problem, for WSNs with nodes that have different ability of performing some task (sensing, detection...). The main assumption is that each node does not know and needs to estimate its ability. Depending on the number of ability levels and the communication conditions, three sub-problems have been addressed: i) distributed faulty node detection (DFD) to identify the nodes equipped with defective sensors in dense WSNs; ii) DFD in delay tolerant networks (DTNs) with sparse and intermittent connectivity; iii) DSR using pairwise comparison. Distributed algorithms have been proposed and analyzed. Theoretical results assess the effectiveness of the proposed solution and give guidelines in the design of the algorithm
Gorce, Jean-Marie. "Contribution à la modélisation et l'optimisation des systèmes radio ambiants en réseau." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, INSA de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00406212.
Повний текст джерелаLe premier axe de notre travail est d'améliorer les outils de simulation et de modélisation de la couche physique afin de réduire l'écart entre ces modèles et l'environnement réel.
Le deuxième axe consiste à évaluer l'impact d'une telle modélisation sur les performances des réseaux. Pour cela, nous étudions deux problématiques. La première concerne la planification des réseaux sans fil et la deuxième concerne la connexité des réseaux de capteurs.
Bouchez, Jean-Luc. "Capteur d'effort triaxial intelligent à transmission optique : Application à la préhension et au prépositionnement." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10007.
Повний текст джерелаHamdan, Dima. "Détection et diagnostic des fautes dans des systèmes à base de réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00953241.
Повний текст джерелаChouikhi, Samira. "Tolérance aux pannes dans un réseau de capteurs sans fil multi-canal." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1031/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development in Micro Electro-Mechanic Systems (MEMS) combined with the emergence of new information and communication technologies allowed the integration of the data sensing, processing and transmission in a single tiny device which is the wireless sensor. Consequently, the networks formed by these sensors offer a lot advantages compared with the traditional networks, in particular in terms of the deployment simplicity and cost. This led to the development of a wide range of Wireless Sensor Networks' applications in the domains of health, environment, industry, infrastructures, spatial activities, or even military activities and in many other domains. However, new challenges appear from the particular characteristics of these networks. In fact, many applications of this type of networks are critical and require that the correct functioning of the network is maintained as long as possible. However, the environments in which these networks are deployed return the mission of network maintenance very complicated or even impossible; hence, the necessity of integrating mechanisms of self-correction which aim to overcome the appeared problems without a human intervention. In this context, we focused our study on the techniques and mechanisms implemented to improve the property of fault tolerance in the wireless sensor networks. First, we proposed centralized and distributed approaches for the connectivity restoration and the channel reallocation in a multi-channel communication context after the failure of a critical node. After the formulation of the problem as a multi-objective optimization problem, we proposed some algorithms based on the heuristics of graphs coloring and Steiner tree, very known in the graph theory to solve this type of problems. In a second part in this thesis, we studied a particular application case, precision agriculture, and we proposed a distributed solution for the failure recovery in wireless sensor networks
Zhou, Hai-ying. "Réseau de capteurs sans fil dédié à la détection et au diagnostic d'arytmie cardiaque en temps réel, en continu et à distance." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF22539.
Повний текст джерелаChamp, Julien. "Communication et Localisation dans les réseaux de capteurs sans-fil." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20133.
Повний текст джерелаRecent advancements in the fields of telecommunications and miniaturization make it possible to deploy for a reasonnable cost, autonomous communicating objects in order to collect environmental data, or to respond when a given event appears in the deployment area. Due to the emergence of these new kind of ad hoc networks, it is needed to design various new protocols, adapted to the constraints of considered objects and to the specific needs of targeted applications.During this thesis, the objective was to contribute to the field of wireless sensor networks by proposing solutions for some of the most important issues. In the first part of this document, dedicated to communication problems, we study and propose a new energy efficient geographical routing mechanism which overcomes the periodic exchange of HELLO messages, often required to determine sensors neighborhood. We also extend this method when considering the presence of location errors of sensors. Next, we have studied a strategy to enhance the lifetime of the network when periodic queries must be sent from the base station to the whole network, by adapting an efficient localized broadcast algorithm, in order to balance energy consumption between nodes. Additionally we have shown that it is not necessary to recompute the broadcast trees for each query to obtain a good lifetime.In the second part of this document, we considered the localization problem in wireless multihop networks. After a study of some of the most interesting solutions in the litterature, we propose a new family of localization methods which are well suited for wireless sensor networks, using 2-hop information and force-based algorithms. Through extensive simulations we show the scalabity of our method, and its ability to obtain accurate results, even when considering complex topologies or the presence of large measurement errors
Billet, Benjamin. "Système de gestion de flux pour l'Internet des objets intelligents." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS012V/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Internet of Things (IoT) is currently characterized by an ever-growing number of networked Things, i.e., devices which have their own identity together with advanced computation and networking capabilities: smartphones, smart watches, smart home appliances, etc. In addition, these Things are being equipped with more and more sensors and actuators that enable them to sense and act on their environment, enabling the physical world to be linked with the virtual world. Specifically, the IoT raises many challenges related to its very large scale and high dynamicity, as well as the great heterogeneity of the data and systems involved (e.g., powerful versus resource-constrained devices, mobile versus fixed devices, continuously-powered versus battery-powered devices, etc.). These challenges require new systems and techniques for developing applications that are able to (i) collect data from the numerous data sources of the IoT and (ii) interact both with the environment using the actuators, and with the users using dedicated GUIs. To this end, we defend the following thesis: given the huge volume of data continuously being produced by sensors (measurements and events), we must consider (i) data streams as the reference data model for the IoT and (ii) continuous processing as the reference computation model for processing these data streams. Moreover, knowing that privacy preservation and energy consumption are increasingly critical concerns, we claim that all the Things should be autonomous and work together in restricted areas as close as possible to the users rather than systematically shifting the computation logic into powerful servers or into the cloud. For this purpose, our main contribution can be summarized as designing and developing a distributed data stream management system for the IoT. In this context, we revisit two fundamental aspects of software engineering and distributed systems: service-oriented architecture and task deployment. We address the problems of (i) accessing data streams through services and (ii) deploying continuous processing tasks automatically, according to the characteristics of both tasks and devices. This research work lead to the development of a middleware layer called Dioptase, designed to run on the Things and abstract them as generic devices that can be dynamically assigned communication, storage and computation tasks according to their available resources. In order to validate the feasability and the relevance of our work, we implemented a prototype of Dioptase and evaluated its performance. In addition, we show that Dioptase is a realistic solution which can work in cooperation with legacy sensor and actuator networks currently deployed in the environment
Kemayo, Georges Arnaud. "Evaluation et validation des systèmes distribués avioniques." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0010/document.
Повний текст джерелаAvionics systems are subject to hard real-time constrainst and criticality. To certify these systems, it is neccessaryto compute the upper bound of the end-to-end delay of each message transmitted in the network. In this thesis,we mainly focus on civils avionics systems that use AFDX (Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet) networkand that has been introduced in the Airbus A380 architecture.In this context, we focus in the computation of the end-to-end delays of messages crossing the network. Amongthe existing methods, we interested in the trajectory approach precedently proposed by researchers. The goal ofthis method is to compute end-to-end delay upper bounds of messages in the nodes of AFDX network. As a firstcontribution, we prove that the end-to-end delays computed by this method can be optimistic. This means thatwithout any modification, it cannot be used to validate transmission end-to-end delays for the AFDX. Despitethe identification of these optimistic problems in the trajectory approach, a solution to remove them seems notto be simple from our point of view. Hence, as a second contribution, we propose a new approach to computethese delays based on the characterization of the worst-case traffic encountered by a packet on each crossednode
Renault, Xavier. "Mise en oeuvre de notations standardisées, formelles et semi-formelles dans un processus de développement de systèmes embarqués temps-réel répartis." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577646.
Повний текст джерелаCabani, Adnane. "Réseaux pair-à-pair et simulation distribuéeApplication à la simulation multiagent." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00298519.
Повний текст джерелаUne étude comparative entre les deux paradigmes grille de calcul et pair-à-pair est présentée. Elle révèle que la taxonomie des systèmes de l'informatique répartie est simpliste et sommaire. Nous en présentons une autre plus raffinée. Elle prend en compte de nouveaux paramètres pouvant aider l'utilisateur à faire un choix entre les grilles de calculs et le modèle pair-à-pair.
Ces nouveaux paramètres sont pris en compte dans le développement de la plate-forme PHAC (P2P-based Highly Available Computing Framework) présentée dans ce mémoire. Il s'agit d'un environnement de programmation de haut niveau qui permet de construire un réseau pair-à-pair hautement disponible et adapté aux besoins de l'utilisateur. La plate-forme tient compte des spécificités des réseaux pair-à-pair telles que la volatilité et l'hétérogénéité des pairs. La robustesse du réseau est étudiée selon une voie expérimentale. Les résultats montrent que le réseau est suffisamment robuste pour distribuer des simulations de manière transparente.
Barrau, Florian. "Etude d'une solution de localisation dans un réseau de capteurs sans fils." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4767.
Повний текст джерелаTracking sensors in a wireless network leads to many applications. However, current techniques based on the received signal strength are unreliable given the stability of measurements. More accurate techniques inspired from radars have been proposed but they require an expensive radio. However, one of the most difficult aspects regarding the localization in a wireless sensor network remains their inadequacy with their low-cost and low-power characteristics. For example, clock generation of ZigBee modems introduce strong uncertainties regarding the reliability of measurements. Demanding digital algorithms must be carefully studied and improved in order not to exceed requirements defined by industrials. In other words, the purpose is to design an implementation as cheap as possible while keeping a minimum accuracy. The work of this thesis focuses on two main objectives: the development of a digital circuit capable of calculating time of arrivals, and the development of prototypes for a future positioning feature. The main constraint is the use of a single channel from the ZigBee 802.15.4 standard. This work enabled to understand issues regarding the distance measurements and adapt them given wireless sensor network constraints
Audeoud, Henry-Joseph. "Routage efficace et garanti dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM055.
Повний текст джерелаThe wireless sensor networks that we work with in this thesis are a set of devices connected to eachother by low-rate and low-power technologies. Their role is to produce measures on the physical environ-ment around them (meteorological and climate condition tracking, monitoring of industrial installations,control of distribution grids, topographical surveillance. . . ). These measures must then be collected out ofthe network. Since the sensors have short range radios, transmissions are multi-hop, the sensors close tothe destination relaying the information transmitted by those which are further away from it. Because ofthe movement of the nodes themselves or of objects in their environment interfering with wireless commu-nications, the exact topology of the network is subject to change. In addition, the battery-powered sensorsare limited in energy and therefore in transmission abilities. The power-saving techniques applied to turnoff the radio most of the time impose synchronization constraints.To route information through the network, the routing protocol establishes routes, so that the sensorscan relay information from and to the network border router through reliable links leading to the destina-tion through short paths. Due to sensor limitations, the routing must be energy efficient, i.e. the overloadof the radio transmissions involved by the routing algorithm itself must be as lightweight as possible. Itmust also be able to restore connectivity on a network topology change without creating routing loops thatnegatively impact the quality of service and the energy reserves of the nodes.This document describes a routing protocol that meets these objectives. It is capable of creating a self-healing collection tree that extracts information out of the network, as well as from the routes to distributecommand messages or acknowledgment to the nodes. It also validates the data path of each packet toensure that they never enter a routing loop. The protocol is run in simulations and also on real platformexperiments, showing the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms.In order to improve its ability to choose the best available links, I also propose the use of a new esti-mation of their quality. It is based on two complementary measurements: a long-term measurement ofthe ambient noise level on the radio channel, and a measurement of the power of the signal received fromthe transmitter. These two measurements provide an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio, and thereby theexpected reception rate. This estimate is both accurate, quick to obtain, and adapted to the constraints ofsensors and networks we are talking about
Chehri, Abdellah. "Étude d'un réseau de capteur UWB pour la localisation et la communication dans un environnement minier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26413/26413.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBusnel, Yann. "Systèmes d'information collaboratifs et auto-organisants pour réseaux de capteurs large-échelle : "De la théorie à la pratique"." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484822.
Повний текст джерелаFotue, Fotso David Bertrand. "Agrégation et routage efficace de données dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0066/document.
Повний текст джерелаWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained much attention in a large range of technical fields such as industrial, military, environmental monitoring etc. Sensors are powered by batteries, which are not easy to replace in harsh environments. The energy stored by each sensor is the greatest impediment for increasing WSN lifetime. Since data transmission consumes more energy, our major concern is how to efficiently transmit the data from all sensors towards a sink. We suggest three tree-based data aggregation algorithms: Depth-First Search Aggregation (DFSA), Flooding Aggregation (FA) and Well-Connected Dominating Set Aggregation (WCDSA) to reduce the number of transmissions from each sensor towards the sink. Tree-based data aggregation suffers from increased data delivery time because the parents must wait for the data from their leaves. Some parents might have many leaves, making it very expensive for a parent to store all incoming data in its buffer. We need to determine the aggregation time each parent in the tree has to spend in aggregating and processing the data from its leaves. We propose an Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) algorithm using Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT) metric. Given the maximum acceptable latency, ETAPT's algorithm takes into account the position of parents, their number of leaves and the depth of the tree, in order to compute an optimal ADAPT time. At any time, the amount of data aggregated by parents may become greater than the amount of data that can be forwarded. We propose the introduction into the network of many data aggregators called Mini-Sinks (MSs). MSs are mobile and move according to a random mobility model inside the sensor field to maintain the fully-connected network in order to aggregate the data based on the controlled Multipath Energy Conserving Routing Protocol (MECRP). Sensors may use many radio interfaces sharing a single wireless channel, which they may use to communicate with several neighbours. Two sensors operating on the same wireless channel may interfere with each other during the transmission of data. We need to know which channel to use in the presence of multiple channels for a given transmission. We propose a distributed Well-Connected Dominating Set Channel Assignment (WCDS-CA) approach, in which the number of channels that are needed over all sensor nodes in the network in such a way that adjacent sensor nodes are assigned to distinct channels
Gilbert, Johann. "Étude et développement d'un réseau de capteurs synchronisés à l'aide d'un protocole de communication sans fil dédié à l'Internet des objets." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0012/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the last 20 years, the coming up of Internet of Things and Cloud Computing has conditionedthe need to deploy sensors everywhere to feed databases and analytics. To meet this requirements,new kind of networks have been massively deployed based on the sub-gigahertz frequency which haveunknown effect on human health.Couple the non-invasive aspect of the Visible Light Communication (VLC) with IoT could notonly reduce potential risks for human health but also avoid radio band saturation. However, today'stechniques consist mainly in broadcast data from light sources to receivers which is the opposite of theIoT paradigm. In this study, we will present a new design where the gateway is not a classic photodiodebut a camera.With this camera based method, we are able to design a star network using VLC. Even if the datarate is not the same as standard method, we are now able to collect data emanating from many sensorsat once with only one photoreceptor. This system also includes the ability of discriminate LED matrix,which transfer the same data faster, and single LED. Finally, data rate can be handle autonomouslyby the system to provide an optimal data transfer
Al-Chama, Mhd Feras. "Modélisation des effets des réseaux IP sur la transmission des médias haptiques et l'adaptation du téléapprentissage haptique à l'état du réseau." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0005.
Повний текст джерелаLatency, jitter, packet loss are some of the network characteristics which affect haptic transmission, and consequently affect motor or haptic skill tele-transfer (telementoring). As an application, we studied haptic telementoring in virtual surgical environment. The choice of simulator was made from our study of several projects in the surgical field from which we built a platform for surgical simulation, as a basis of our haptic e-learning system. Our study had two main objectives:To determine the optimal network parameters operational zones in haptic telementoring. To model the effect of network lag on the motor skill tele-transfer quality. This model was incorporated in our haptic e-learning platform making it adaptive to network status and ensuring a robust and stable e-learning environment
Abbes, Samy. "Modèle probabiliste de systèmes distribués et concurrents. Théorèmes limite et application à l'estimation statistique de paramètres." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007150.
Повний текст джерелаtélécommunications par exemple) il est utile d'étudier des
modèles de concurrence sous la sémantique de traces. Dans
cette optique, on propose une extension probabiliste des
structures d'événements et des réseaux de Petri 1-bornés
(réseaux markoviens).
On prouve un propriété de Markov forte pour ces modèles,
et on donne des applications à la récurrence des réseaux.
On montre une Loi forte des grands nombres pour
les réseaux récurrents et suffisement synchrones,
avec applications a l'estimation statistique de
paramètres locaux.
Khan, Safdar Abbas. "Localisation et détection de fautes dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1028/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis three themes related to wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are covered. The first one concerns the power loss in a node signal due to voltage droop in the battery of the node. In the first part of the thesis a method is proposed to compensate for the apparent increase in the calculated distance between the related nodes due to decrease in the energy of the signal sending node battery. A function is proposed whose arguments are the apparently observed RSS and the current voltage of the emitter node battery. The return of the function is the corrected RSS that corresponds to the actual distance amongst the connected nodes. Hence increasing the efficiency of the RSS based localization methods in WSNs. In the second part of the thesis a position estimation method for localization of nodes in a WSN is proposed. In the proposed localization algorithm anchor nodes are used as landmark points. The localization method proposed here does not require any constraint on the placement of the anchors; rather any three randomly chosen nodes can serve as anchors. A heuristic approach is used to find the relative topology with the help of distance matrix. The purpose of the distance matrix is to indicate whether or not a pair of nodes has a connection between them and in case of connectivity it gives the estimated distance between the nodes. By using the information of connectivity between the nodes and their respective distances the topology of the nodes is calculated. This method is heuristic because it uses the point solution from the intersection of two circles instead of conventional triangulation method, where a system of three quadratic equations in two variables is used whereby the computational complexity of the position estimation method is increased. When two connected nodes have another node in common, then by using the information of distances between these interconnected nodes, two possible positions are calculated for the third node. The presence or absence of a connection between the third node and a fourth node helps in finding the accurate possibility out of the two. This process is iterated till all the nodes have been relatively placed. Once the relative topology has been calculated, we need to find the exact symmetry, orientation, and position of this topology in the plane. It is at this moment the knowledge of three nodes positions comes into action. From the relative topology we know the temporary coordinates of the nodes. By having a comparison of certain characteristics between the temporary coordinates and the exact coordinates; first the symmetry of relative topology is obtained that would correspond to the original topology. In other words it tells whether or not the relative topology is a mirror image of the original topology. Some geometrical operators are used to correct the topology position and orientation. Thus, all the nodes in the WSN are localized using exactly three anchors. The last part of the thesis focuses on the detection of faults in a WSN. There is always a possibility that a sensor of a node is not giving accurate measurements all of the time. Therefore, it is necessary to find if a node has developed a faulty sensor. With the precise information about the sensor health, one can determine the extent of reliance on its sensor measurement. To equip a node with multiple sensors is not an economical solution. Thus the sensor measurements of a node are modeled with the help of the fuzzy inference system (FIS). For each node, both recurrent and non-recurrent systems are used to model its sensor measurement. An FIS for a particular node is trained with input variables as the actual sensor measurements of the neighbor nodes and with output variable as the real sensor measurements of that node. The difference between the FIS approximated value and the actual measurement of the sensor is used as an indication for whether or not to declare a node as faulty
Oudet, Jean-Philippe. "Architecture distribuée pour la détection d'activité dans un Espace Intelligent." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1634.
Повний текст джерелаDuhart, Clément. "Toward organic ambient intelligences ? : EMMA." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0035/document.
Повний текст джерелаAThe Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is a research area investigating AI techniques to create Responsive Environments (RE). Wireless Sensor and Actor Network (WSAN) are the supports for communications between the appliances, the deployed services and Human Computer Interface (HCI). This thesis focuses on the design of RE with autonomic properties i.e. system that have the ability to manage themselves. Such environments are open, large scale, dynamic and heterogeneous which induce some difficulties in their management by monolithic system. The bio-inspired proposal considers all devices like independent cells forming an intelligent distributed organism. Each cell is programmed by a DNA-RNA process composed of reactive rules describing its internal and external behaviour. These rules are modelled by reactive agents with self-rewriting features offering dynamic reprogramming abilities. The EMMA framework is composed of a modular Resource Oriented Architecture (ROA) Middleware based on IPv6 LoW Power Wireless Area Networks (6LoWPAN) technology and a MAPE-K architecture to design multi-scale AmI. The different relations between technical issues and theoretical requirements are discussed through the platforms, the network, the middleware, the mobile agents, the application deployment to the intelligent system. Two algorithms for AmI are proposed: an Artificial Neural Controller (ANC) model for automatic control of appliances with learning processes and a distributed Voting Procedures (VP) to synchronize the decisions of several system components over the WSAN
Anda, Ondo Diemer. "Modélisation et analyse des systèmes à paramètres distribués non linéaires par la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau : application aux écoulements à surface libre." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860782.
Повний текст джерелаMerino, Laso Pedro. "Détection de dysfonctionements et d'actes malveillants basée sur des modèles de qualité de données multi-capteurs." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0056/document.
Повний текст джерелаNaval systems represent a strategic infrastructure for international commerce and military activity. Their protection is thus an issue of major importance. Naval systems are increasingly computerized in order to perform an optimal and secure navigation. To attain this objective, on board vessel sensor systems provide navigation information to be monitored and controlled from distant computers. Because of their importance and computerization, naval systems have become a target for hackers. Maritime vessels also work in a harsh and uncertain operational environments that produce failures. Navigation decision-making based on wrongly understood anomalies can be potentially catastrophic.Due to the particular characteristics of naval systems, the existing detection methodologies can't be applied. We propose quality evaluation and analysis as an alternative. The novelty of quality applications on cyber-physical systems shows the need for a general methodology, which is conceived and examined in this dissertation, to evaluate the quality of generated data streams. Identified quality elements allow introducing an original approach to detect malicious acts and failures. It consists of two processing stages: first an evaluation of quality; followed by the determination of agreement limits, compliant with normal states to identify and categorize anomalies. The study cases of 13 scenarios for a simulator training platform of fuel tanks and 11 scenarios for two aerial drones illustrate the interest and relevance of the obtained results
Meekhun, Dariga. "Réalisation d'un système de conversion et de gestion de l'énergie d'un système photovoltaïque pour l'alimentation des réseaux de capteurs sans fil autonomes pour application aéronautique." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0031/document.
Повний текст джерелаFlight tests of a commercial aircraft consist in gathering data during flight to validate aircraft design. However they are very expensive for various reasons. One of them is that most of the sensors implemented to collect data are wired. As an example, for the sole system that monitors the vibrations onboard a large (more than 100 seats) aircraft, more than 100 sensors may be deployed. Such networks are complex to implement, mainly because of the required wiring. A wireless solution is therefore of great interest; however, such a cable-less implementation implies both wireless transmission of data together with energy autonomy.The purpose of this work is therefore to describe a design of a power generation system, focusing on photovoltaic, together with the associated management strategies for an autonomous wireless sensor network deployed for large aircraft in-flight tests. This work is a part of SACER project. The main requirements are related to the thickness of the system (less than 3,2mm in order not to disturb the aerodynamic air flow) and the output power (3 W per sensor node in order to power the sensor, data processing and transmission system). In addition, the system has to properly work at extremely high and low temperature (-50 to 100°C). Our system consists of three primary components to consider: Energy Harvesting system, Energy storage device and Energy management system.In this work, we firstly present the comparison of the performance of different photovoltaic technologies at different temperatures concerning their availability and achievable power density in aircraft applications. Secondly, we will investigate the possibility of using batteries and supercapacitor. Finally the power management system, composed by a photovoltaic panel, a power conditioning (MPPT function), supercapacitors and a DC/DC regulator, is presented
Selmene, ep Ben Hassine Nissem. "Etude et développement de capteurs tactiles flexibles à détection harmonique vers la fonctionnalisation sensitive des surfaces." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM028/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe advent of sensitive interfaces is promising prospects to the human-machine interaction. We propose a new concept of sensitive flexible surface. Its aim is to study the interaction between electrical signal and resistive and dielectric environment of the support in order to realize an acquisition system providing machine readable information.The technological base is a waveguide on flexible substrate on which the touch creates a reflection at the input port. We have developed a location method as an alternative to the time domain reflectometry (TDR). It is named Harmonic Detection and Location (HDL) and it allows using a narrow band, around 100 MHz, low complexity acquisition system. The concept has been approved using measures on flexible and rigid sensitive surfaces connected to a vector network analyzer (VNA) used as reference. A compact acquisition system based on a Wheatstone bridge associated to a phase detector has been developed. For this purpose, errors characterization and identification work has been done. Electromagnetic interactions between the finger and the waveguide, waveguide imperfections, substrate nature and acquisition system errors’ impact have been studied. This knowledge has provided the possibility to co-develop the hardware and the detection algorithm to demonstrate a location accuracy of 2cm. Fundamental principles of this work provide the possibility of realizing large surface interfaces, with simple connection and conformable, for 3D sensitive objects
Biaou, Ulrich. "Étude et mise en oeuvre d'une plateforme hybride basée sur du sans fil pour l'efficience énergétique et le contrôle d'accès dans le train." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0042/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe need of new services in railway trains (services for metering, energy efficiency, the comfort and safety of users etc.) may eventually saturate the wired communication systems installed since twenty years ago years. The several advantages of wireless sensor networks (easy deployment, ability to adapt on different environments and low energy consumption) offer many possibilities for energy management systems. The aim of this thesis is to study and implement a wireless network sensors inside trains for energy efficiency. Thus, some communication protocols dedicated to energy management were presented and then a comparative study of the various wireless communication networks carried out. This comparative study shows that the ZigBee network is the most suitable for the platform. The proposed hybrid architecture allows the use of the existing IP network as the backbone of all ZigBee networks. In order to take into account the effect of the railway environment in the planning and deployment of the network, a study of the propagation channel was carried out, based on measurements realized in a subway and a RER car. The impact of the coexistence between ZigBee and WiFi and of the human presence on wireless communication have been demonstrated. The prototype of a platform based on the ZigBee network, allows data collection, informations traitement and monitoring, was carried out
Andries, Mihai. "Localisation et suivi d'humains et d'objets, et contrôle de robots au travers d'un sol sensible." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0293.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explores the capabilities of an ambient intelligence equipped with a load-sensing floor. It deals with the problem of perceiving the environment through a network of low-resolution sensors. Challenges include the interpretation of spread loads for objects with multiple points of support, weight ambiguities between objects, variation of persons’ weight during dynamic activities, etc. We introduce new techniques, partly inspired from the field of computer vision, for detecting, tracking and recognizing the entities located on the floor. We also introduce new modes of interaction between environments equipped with such floor sensors and robots evolving inside them. This enables non-intrusive interpretation of events happening inside environments with embedded ambient intelligence, with applications in assisted living, senile care, continuous health diagnosis, home security, and robotic navigation
Camus, Manuel. "Architecture de réception RF très faible coût et très faible puissance : application aux réseaux de capteurs et au standard ZigBee." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00309926.
Повний текст джерелаAhmed, Nacer Abdelaziz. "Analyse et dimensionnement de réseaux hétérogènes embarqués." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20115/1/AHMEDNACER_Abdelaziz.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAmadou, Ibrahim. "Protocoles de routage sans connaissance de voisinage pour réseaux radio multi-sauts." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763865.
Повний текст джерелаBazco, Nogueras Antonio. "Fundamental Limits and Algorithms in Decentralized and Cooperative Wireless Networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS172.
Повний текст джерелаNetwork cooperation is known to bring multiplicative gains under certain ideal assumptions. However, current wireless settings cope with many challenging constraints, as tight delay constraints, fast-changing channels, or rate-limited backhaul links. The topic of analyzing how the non-fulfillment of the ideal hypotheses impacts the performance has generated great interest in the research community. Nevertheless, the main focus has been on settings in which the imperfect information is shared by all the nodes, which is not feasible in many scenarios. This thesis aims for shedding light on the performance of cooperative settings in which the information available at each node may be different. We focus on the distributed Network MIMO. This setting is characterized by two main aspects: The perfect sharing of the user's information data and the imperfect sharing of the channel information. We start by characterizing the Degrees-of-Freedom metric of the setting, which is an approximation of the capacity at high SNR. The contribution is twofold, as we provide both achievable schemes that considerably outperform the solutions in the literature and upper-bounds that illustrate up to which scale the distributed setting is harmed with respect to the perfect-sharing setting. The second perspective consists in restricting the transmission to the conventional paradigm of Zero-Forcing and analyzing the achievable rate at high SNR to understand whether the performance losses from decentralized information can be accurately calculated. We propose a novel zero-forcing scheme tailored to the decentralized configuration that asymptotically attains the centralized rate
Ndiaye, Moulaye A. A. "Évaluation de performance d’architecture de contrôle-commande en réseau dans un contexte incertain d’avant-vente." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0027/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD dissertation, supported by CIFRE convention between the company Schneider-Electric and the University of Lorraine through the CRAN laboratory, deals with the assessment of temporal performances for a networked distributed control system. The industrial need was the development of a quotation and sizing tool of industrial control architecture during pre-sales stage. This stage is characterized by limited information about the process and the customers’ needs. The underlying scientific problematic was the ability to generate automatically models serving as support for the evaluation. In fact, performance assessment is realized for a wide range of architecture during a small amount of time, which is not compliant with a manual definition of the models. Our contribution is mainly based on a formal definition of a “builder” model with Colored and Timed Petri Nets which embeds mechanisms for configuration, instantiation and parameters setting of the architecture models. Several algorithms have been proposed for firstly build automatically the architecture Petri Nets model from a formal description of the topology and from a component model library and, secondly, for generating performance observers. Theses algorithms have been implemented on a tool gathering a user interface developed by Schneider –Electric and the Petri Nets simulator called CPN Tools which provides the performance assessment through Monte-Carlo simulation. The added value of this approach has been illustrated through case studies provided by Schneider-Electric
Patel, Pankesh. "Environnement de développement d'applications pour l'Internet des objets." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927150.
Повний текст джерелаHervagault, Yoann. "Conception et réalisation d'un système efficace de communication et de coordination au sein d'une flotille de drones aquatiques de surface." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT048.
Повний текст джерелаLes travaux présentés dans cette thèse visent à améliorer les performances du système SPYBOAT, une gamme de drones aquatiques de surface développés par l'entreprise CT2MC et destinés à la réalisation de missions de surveillance environementale en eau douce. Afin de pouvoir mener à bien leurs missions, le maintien de la communication radio avec ces équipements est primordial à la fois pour pouvoir envoyer de nouvelles instructions aux agents, et pour évaluer l'état d'avancement de la mission. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont donc complémentaires:- concevoir une antenne dédiée à un véhicule autonome de surface et contenue dans sa coque,- développer une stratégie de déploiement qui prend en compte la portée radio et les ressources de calcul limitées.Dans un premier temps, les paramètres dynamiques d'un des modèles SPYBOAT ont été identifiés au cours d'une campagne de mesures réalisée sur le Lac du Bourget (73). Le modèle dynamique est ensuite approfondi afin de mettre en évidence sa platitude qui sera utilisée lors de la génération des trajectoires de référence.Ensuite, les conditions particulières d'un point de vue radio-fréquence sont abordées telles que la proximité de l'eau, les faibles hauteurs et le voisinage d'éléments conducteurs. La topologie choisie consiste en un réseau d'antennes constitué de 3 monopoles semi-circulaires. Les performances de cette antenne ont été évaluées par simulation et confirmées par le biais de mesures effectuées sur des prototypes. Les résultats montrent que ces antennes offrent des performances comparables aux dipoles filaires classiquement utilisés dans ce domaine.Enfin, nous proposons un algorithme de génération d'une trajectoire de référence pour une flotte de drones exploitant la platitude des systèmes à contrôler. Les contraintes de portée induites par l'utilisation de l'antenne sont prises en compte afin de garantir le contact radio avec chaque agent. Cette étape d'optimisation est réalisée en amont de la mission afin de minimiser la tâche alouée au contrôleur, qui consiste en une commande LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) à gain variable. Cette stratégie de commande a été simulée et testée avec succès sur un système réel
Da, penha coelho Alexandre Augusto. "Tolérance aux fautes et fiabilité pour les réseaux sur puce 3D partiellement connectés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT054.
Повний текст джерелаNetworks-on-Chip (NoC) have emerged as a viable solution for the communication challenges in highly complex Systems-on-Chip (SoC). The NoC architecture paradigm, based on a modular packet-switched mechanism, can address many of the on-chip communication challenges such as wiring complexity, communication latency, and bandwidth. Furthermore, the combined benefits of 3D IC and Networks-on-Chip (NoC) schemes provide the possibility of designing a high-performance system in a limited chip area. The major advantages of Three-Dimensional Networks-on-Chip (3D-NoCs) are a considerable reduction in the average wire length and wire delay, resulting in lower power consumption and higher performance. However, 3D-NoCs suffer from some reliability issues such as the process variability of 3D-IC manufacturing. In particular, the low yield of vertical connection significantly impacts the design of three-dimensional die stacks with a large number of Through Silicon Via (TSV). Equally concerning, advances in integrated circuit manufacturing technologies are resulting in a potential increase in their sensitivity to the effects of radiation present in the environment in which they will operate. In fact, the increasing number of transient faults has become, in recent years, a major concern in the design of critical SoC. As a result, the evaluation of the sensitivity of circuits and applications to events caused by energetic particles present in the real environment is a major concern that needs to be addressed. So, this thesis presents contributions in two important areas of reliability research: in the design and implementation of deadlock-free fault-tolerant routing schemes for the emerging three-dimensional Networks-on-Chips; and in the design of fault injection frameworks able to emulate single and multiple transient faults in the HDL-based circuits. The first part of this thesis addresses the issues of transient and permanent faults in the architecture of 3D-NoCs and introduces a new resilient routing computation unit as well as a new runtime fault-tolerant routing scheme. A novel resilient mechanism is introduced in order to tolerate transient faults occurring in the route computation unit (RCU), which is the most important logical element in NoC routers. Failures in the RCU can provoke misrouting, which may lead to severe effects such as deadlocks or packet loss, corrupting the operation of the entire chip. By combining a reliable fault detection circuit leveraging circuit-level double-sampling, with a cost-effective rerouting mechanism, we develop a full fault-tolerance solution that can efficiently detect and correct such fatal errors before the affected packets leave the router. Yet in the first part of this thesis, a novel fault-tolerant routing scheme for vertically-partially-connected 3D Networks-on-Chip called FL-RuNS is presented. Thanks to an asymmetric distribution of virtual channels, FL-RuNS can guarantee 100% packet delivery under an unconstrained set of runtime and permanent vertical link failures. With the aim to emulate the radiation effects on new SoCs designs, the second part of this thesis addresses the fault injection methodologies by introducing two frameworks named NETFI-2 (Netlist Fault Injection) and NoCFI (Networks-on-Chip Fault Injection). NETFI-2 is a fault injection methodology able to emulate transient faults such as Single Event Upsets (SEU) and Single Event Transient (SET) in a HDL-based (Hardware Description Language) design. Extensive experiments performed on two appealing case studies are presented to demonstrate NETFI-2 features and advantage. Finally, in the last part of this work, we present NoCFI as a novel methodology to inject multiple faults such as MBUs and SEMT in a Networks-on-Chip architecture. NoCFI combines ASIC-design-flow, in order to extract layout information, and FPGA-design-flow to emulate multiple transient faults
Hueber, Thomas. "Reconstitution de la parole par imagerie ultrasonore et vidéo de l'appareil vocal : vers une communication parlée silencieuse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005707.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Tien Anh. "Distributed cross-layer scalable multimedia services over next generation convergent networks : architectures and performances." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939068.
Повний текст джерелаBerrebi, Johanna. "Contribution à l'intégration d'une liaison avionique sans fil. L'ingénierie système appliquée à une problématique industrielle." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00800141.
Повний текст джерела