Дисертації з теми "Représentations mentales du corps"
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Berardi, Raffaella. "Les corps qui parlent : les langages et l'imaginaire de la folie fémine." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030054.
Повний текст джерелаMy research deals with the social representations of women’s mental illness and the construction of a social identity based on the gender’s difference. It is an anthropological comparative research about psychiatric hospitals and about women confined to mental institutions. In this work, I examine the representations of their mental illness through their body, which was observed, studied and analysed by psychologists, scientists and other medical specialists. I propose examining how the mental illnesses are classified and how they influence the collective perception, in particular the perception of femininity
Paulos, Carlos. "Les représentations visuelles du corps humain sont-elles spécifiques ?" Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/PAULOS_Carlos_2007.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHabacha, Hamdi. "Effets croisés de l’expertise physique et des caractéristiques des tâches sur la capacité de rotation mentale." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2051.
Повний текст джерелаResearch on the involvement of motor processes during mental rotation tasks is not consensual. According to the literature, this lack of consensus seems to be due to differences in the tasks used (type of stimuli, types of judgment, stimuli features) involving different mental strategies. Our aim is to clarify the role of motor processes in mental rotation by studying the effects of sport on mental rotation ability. Specifically, we tried to identify the tasks requirements to highlight selective effects of different sporting activities in a mental rotation task. The results of this work show that the use of body stimuli with a laterality judgment would engage egocentric strategies and embodiment allowing revealing selective effects of sports. Further, theses strategies appear to be affected by the stimuli realism. These results indicate the involvement of motor processes in these tasks
Broyer, Gérard. "Devenir du corps et représentations de soi : réflexion à partir de la plasticité corporelle : entre corps et organisme : l'espace du sens." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO20047.
Повний текст джерелаAzaroual-Sentucq, Malika. "Somatosensation and plasticity : perceptual, cognitive and physiological effects." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-05000491.
Повний текст джерелаSomatosensation is an essential function for human perception, action and cognition, being crucial for fine motor skills and self bodily awareness. My PhD work is interested in somatosensation and its plasticity at cognitive, perceptual and physiological levels. While it is widely accepted that somatosensation contributes to building multiple mental body representations (MBRs), its contribution to each MBR remains unclear. A first aim of my work was to answer this question by leveraging repetitive somatosensory stimulation (RSS), known to temporarily improve tactile acuity (TA) by inducing plastic changes in the primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortex. This randomized sham-controlled double-blind study conducted on 33 adults investigated the effects of RSS on three MBRs of the stimulated right index finger (rD2): the body image (BI), the body model, and the superficial schema. The results revealed that the BI is selectively affected by RSS, as the stimulated rD2 was perceived significantly smaller after RSS, while the other MBRs were left unaffected. This suggests that somatosensory processes contribute differently to the BI than to the other two MBRs. Somatosensation can be assessed by measuring TA. Accurately measuring this feature of touch is essential as it is used in clinical practice and research attempting to restore tactile perception. A widely used -but criticized- task is the two-point discrimination task (2PDT), while the grating orientation (GOT) and two-point orientation (2POT) tasks are suggested to be more reliable alternatives. Critically, whether these tasks measure similar aspects of TA has yet to be determined. The second aim of my thesis was to answer this question by comparing the performance in these tasks and linking them to anatomical measures at the fingertips, and by leveraging RSS. In this study, RSS was applied on the rD2 of 29 adults and its impact on the tasks was assessed at the rD2 as well as at the rD3, lD2 (control) and lD3 which has been recently found to display TA improvement following RSS. At baseline, 2POT and GOT correlated to the fingertip area. Following RSS, 2PDT and GOT were both improved at the rD2, 2PDT and 2POT also at lD3. Overall, the results suggest that the three tasks capture both similar and different aspects of TA.Because RSS is used to induce plasticity in the somatosensory system, understanding its mechanisms of action is important. While cortical changes in the SI and SII representations of the stimulated finger have been associated to the local effect of RSS, the physiological mechanisms responsible for local and remote effects (on the unstimulated hand) have not been explored yet. My third aim was to investigate them through EEG, testing the hypothesis of a modulation of cortical inhibition between the fingers’ representations of both hands. This study is made of two randomized sham-controlled double-blind experiments, each conducted on 41 adults, undergoing EEG and 2PDT. Because we identified a methodological bias in our first design, we conducted a second experiment aimed at counterbalancing it. We found that after both sham and RSS, the intra and interhemispheric inhibition significantly increased, potentially driven by the inhibition increase between lD2 and lD3 and between lD3 and rD3 which appear (non-significantly) larger than in other pairs, as well as larger after RSS than sham. Because of potential issues in the second experiment, these results are preliminary, and another experiment is planned to solve these issues. If confirmed, the results would indicate that RSS may not affect inhibition. Overall, studying somatosensation at multiple levels, my work shows that somatosensation contributes differently to the BI than to the other MBRs, which allows to refine current MBR models, and multiple tasks should be used to comprehensively assess TA, while it does not allow to conclude on the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of RSS
Martel, Marie. "Body representations in action : development and plasticity in the sensory guidance of prehension." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1288.
Повний текст джерелаTo prepare and perform movements efficiently, accurate action representations are necessary, formalized by computational science as “internal models”. Actions representations do not require exclusively the representation of object properties, information about the body and particularly the effector such as its posture and dimension are also crucial. Thus, effector representations need to be updated to account for postural changes, yet, they do not play a prominent role in the actual models of motor control. In addition, updates settings of both action and body representation are presumably established ontogenetically, but little is known on their developmental path. First, I investigated the maturation of action representation in children from 5 to 10 years of age, as well as the potential differences in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Through kinematics analyses, I sought to understand how children develop their ability to control their movements. Second, using a tool functionally extending arm length, I questioned the sensory inputs for body representation plasticity in adults, such as proprioception and vision. Third, I probed rapid body representations plasticity during the slowly changing dimensions of the body during growth. To this aim I investigated in typically developing children and adolescents tool-induced plasticity of the upper-limb representation. Finally, I discuss the relationship between body representations and motor control in adults and children, as despite being both related they have often times walked parallel ways
Manghi, Elsa. "Composantes visuelles dans les représentations mentales d'itinéraires." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112150.
Повний текст джерелаThe present research was designed to account for the cognitives processes involved in the mental representation of space. Its aim was to identify the most important pieces of visual information along a route and to analyse the mental representations formed from this visual experience. In our experiment, we used a video presentation of the route. In the first experiment, participants watched the video of the route and then had to select route scenes to obtain a summary of the itinerary. Later, participants were invited to complete two tasks, one intended to test spatial knowledge connected to a route perspective, and the other to a survey perspective. An average summary of the route was constructed from the individual summaries. It mainly consisted of scenes corresponding to reorientation points. A comparative study of verbal descriptions of the same route, obtained in a previous study, and of image descriptions of the first experiment suggested the hypothesis of verbal coding of visual information. This hypothesis was tested in a second experiment, which included a verbal interference task during the acquisition and the selection phases. The results did not reveal any effect of the interference task, which disconfirmed the verbal coding hypothesis, but instead were in favour of visuo-spatial processing. In addition, the average summary of the second experiment was quite similar to the one of the first experiment. This result underlines the robustness of our findings and confirms the special role of reorientation points. Results about mental representations of routes were discussed in reference to the concept of independent route and survey representations
Depetris, Pier Giuseppe. "Représentations sociales du corps." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10112.
Повний текст джерелаKerrouche, Eric. "Corps préfectoral et représentations de l'État." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40041.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctorat thesis focus on the prefectorial body, prefects and sub-prefects alike. The administrative organisation was studied from the central idea of "representation", in other words the way in which the members of this corps view the state, how they represent it and in what manner they behave. The study, built around non-directed interviews and a questionnaire, was realised in three stages. Firstly, the present role of the state representative was analysed, which put light on the disruption of the local politico-administrative system post-decentralisation and on the new relationship between the local authorities and the elected representatives. Thus it was possible to highlight the reasoning behind the professionalisation which has developed at the heart of the administrative corps. Secondly, the affective "rapport" which exists between the representative and the state is explained. A lexicometric study of definitions of state and of the general interest given by the respondents of the questionnaire showed that the state is seen as a symbolic construction founded on "order" as opposed to the "chaos" which is equally well represented by the "exterior" as by particular interets. It was also possible to illustrate the impact of the dichotomy between the public sector and the private sector, as experienced by the prefects and the sub-prefects. In the third and final part of the thesis, the process of professional socialisation within the administrative body is given our attention. There we note that a long period of apprenticeship is necessary for the "youngest" in order r to master what is required of them. More generally speaking, it was possible to identify the progressive internalisation of the constraints by the state representatives
Besbes, Khadija. "Les représentations du corps en situation de maladie organique : corps biologique/ corps relationnel." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070062.
Повний текст джерелаModalities of entering into a situation of organic illness, touching fondamentally and imperceptably the interior of the body and of verbalising this experience. Breast cancer does not appear at first on the sensitive relational body but on the biological, silent body diagnosed as carrier of a dynamic internal process, which will register in a sensitive and destructive manner on the body envelope. Cellular instrumental medecine modifies the concept of the sick subject, usually defined as experiencing a rupture of biological balance, leading towards sensorial modifications influencing the repartition of the libinal energy. Associated with a type of clinical medecine, this definition also reveals a significant representation : that of a subject in sensitive communication with his physiologically interactive body, as also producing effects or the environment, thus enabling their verbalisation. The revelation of an illness in its non-painful stage does not implicate the subject the psychosomatic unit, but the biological body, dangerously uneasy because imperceptible. Cleaving between the somatic and the psychical space, due to non-transposition of perceptions into sensations; cleaving also between environment and body, which no longer has a symbolic mediative fonction. A dimension which the patient will find particularly in a symbolic production from corporal signs
Lambrey, Simon Thibaut. "Construction et utilisation des représentations mentales de l'espace chez l'homme." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066146.
Повний текст джерелаMentanga, Koukolo Alexis. "Représentations mentales et pauvreté au Cameroun : l'actualité de l'éthique calvinienne." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1068.
Повний текст джерелаIt is often on the bases of quantitative criteria that we say that Cameroon is a poor country. This assertion may not necessarily be faulty. Yet, there is another form of poverty, which is attributed to Cameroonians and which migth not be easily quantified because it it essentially qualitative. In this thesis, this latter type of poverty could be found in the negative and archaic representations which govern Cameroonians and regulate their relationship with human beings and things. As a matter of fact, it has been observed from various specific cases that in Cameroon, wherever there is poverty, a specific sign seems to accompany it. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to pinpoint and analyse these negative and archaic signs that weaken man, hinder his progress and mortage his future, and compae them with calvinian ethics so as to propose new possibilities of existence. This spiritual approach makes it possible to embody concretely the true values of protestantism and therefore helps to prove that such values are still alive and pertinent
Eliscar, Gesly. "Les représentations mentales d'enseignants universitaires en contexte de formation pédagogique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/39087.
Повний текст джерелаThis study examines how two university teachers are constructing and coconstructing a more coherent mental representation of teaching and learning as well as the strategies these teachers are deploying to learn in depth (Bart, 2004) concepts, in a context of pedagogical training. For this reason, they were provided with a coherent set of concepts, in the form of a set of "playing cards, ” to facilitate the development of their mental models. They were able to conceive networks of concepts (Hyerle 2009, Savard 2014) that are conducive to schematizing their thinking and communicating it clearly. In particular, the study seeks to identify the concepts that seem essential to them, the relations that they make between these concepts, and the way in which these concepts are defined, their capacity to give examples or counter-examples and to transfer these concepts in other domains. The research also questions how these models evolve during the training to constitute a coherent strategy. The main results reveal that teachers consider concepts relevant by creating links supported by their professional and life experience. This experiential foundation is at the root of the strategies they use to appropriate concepts in depth. In addition, it appears that teachers construct a sequence of representations of teaching and learning that evolve consistently in the course of training.
Tartari, Manuela. "Les representations du corps dans la pratique funeraire de cremation, de l'antiquite au monde moderne." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0083.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the modifications in the images of the body during the funeral rite of cremation, all along the centuries from the ancient times to nowadays. It is studied starting from the indian pattern certified by the veda, it is explored in the ancient greek world, it is seen through the primitive christian wooden metaphors, and through the alchemy ones, till the illusions of positivism. The starting point is a research on the recent motivation of the cremation choice, which has given the evidence of the re-proposal of the 19th century cremation, being a secular and modern rite. This work wants to explore the two main images of the body, which are playing a basic role in the western funeral rite, concise named: the mirror body and the prison body
Secchin, Braga Paola. "Des corps écrits : spectacles chorégraphiques biographiques et représentations du corps dansant." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083558.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this research is to study the interaction between the choreographic field and the biographique - a term that permits us to expand the traditional literary biographical field to individual life depiction through various media. We have therefore focused our research on choreographic performances - understood as instances of the biographique - and on the perception and interpretation of the dancing body in the biographic discourse. We began our investigation approaching the history and the classification of biography, in order to understand the main issues of this literary genre and its basic questions. We made a survey of literary biographies in the field of dance since the XIXth century, developing a quantitative analysis, and we proceeded in the understanding of how the biographical discourse on the dancers developed. On this research, our understanding of biographical and choreographic works are based on concepts from the Literature field. The existing research on corporeality (corporéité) and kinesis (the motor perception of the movement) in literary narrative enabled us to analyze the descriptions and representations of the dancers’ bodies. The last part of the research is devoted to the analysis of eight biographical choreographic works. The structure and operation of each work are highlighted along with the representations of the dancer's body that are implemented in choreographic work. We have also analyzed how the image of the dancing body is constructed in the biographical choreographic discourse. With this analysis we are able to propose a model for the understanding of how the spectator constructs the body image of the biography subject - the biography subject’s body atlas - a collection of representations of the “biographed” body
Courtine, Sylvie. "Le corps criminel : approche socio-historique des représentations du corps des criminels." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0037.
Повний текст джерелаReference to the body appears as a recurrent element in all discourse on criminals. It is shamelessly exposed in the headlines of different newspapers, appears in all scientific debates, is used with talent in novels and meets with no resistance in any mind. In the nineteenth century, the body was a unanimous and redundant attraction, like an obsession, for all those who, for sometimes very different reasons, were interested in crimes and criminals. The study of the criminal phenomenon as a whole is undeniably accompanied from its premise by attentive observation of the anatomy and by an immoderate interest in the analysis of body signs. By referring to earlier periods, our study shows that this recourse to the body is not a tendency proper only to the nineteenth century, but in time, is part of the logics of the assessment of human nature enabling norms to be enacted, morals to be spread and laws to be imposed. This omnipresence of the body in discourse on criminals reflects in particular a genuine fascination -a repulsion for the flesh and all that is opaque and complex therein. The soul that is sheltered but also dissimulated in these bodies remains the enigma to be deciphered by the tireless questioning of physical and moral relationships and their reciprocal determinations. This study attempts to focus on the invariant elements which contribute to the representations of the criminals body
Yvroux, Chloé. "Le conflit israélo-palestinien en représentations." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30044.
Повний текст джерелаIn geography, representations allow an analysis of the way people represent the world, or a part of it, from experienced spaces to those apprehended only through their ideational dimensions. From this perspective, this PhD deals with the issue of representations of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict at it is perceived in France. The purpose is to consider here acomplex and fragmented territory, which is the context of a territorial conflict and to consider how representations of this territory – provided by an indirect environmental experience - can be apprehended. This study is based on the analysis of media discourses – key link in the construction of representations – particularly through the coverage of the Annapolis conference by the press (November 2007). This study is also based on a questionnaires survey conducted among a population of undergraduates in order to specify their perception of the conflict, in particular through the use of mental maps. The results reveal a number of collective representations, which are then rather similar to shared distortions. Beyond the observation of the level of knowledge, this study highlights the way people apprehend a territory, subject to significant media coverage, to contradictory representations and thus submitted to several distortions. This approach of the Israeli- Palestinian conflict trough representations constitutes an original scale of analysis of the construction of the relationship of the individual to the world
Troni, Gisèle. "La folie en Guadeloupe : représentations." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11198.
Повний текст джерелаHeckmann, Heinz-Dieter. "Mentales Leben und materielle Welt : eine philosophische Studie zum Leib-Seele-Problem /." Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357756477.
Повний текст джерелаRivalin-Padiou, Sidonie. "Les représentations du corps dans l'oeuvre d'André Gide." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT3004.
Повний текст джерелаGhanjaoui, Zakia. "Les représentations de la maladie mentale au Maroc." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H024.
Повний текст джерелаDanchin, Emmanuelle. "Les ruines de guerre et la nation française (1914-1921)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100201.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work focuses on the material destruction caused by the Great War and more specifically on the way French society used the representations of ruins as a symbol of pain. As a first direct and visible consequence of conflict, ruins bear testimony to it, to its course, but also to the suffering of soldiers and civilian populations. Everybody, from the official military artist, the anonymous soldier to the ordinary citizen, evoked the material destruction, the desolate landscapes and the earth upheaved by artillery shells during the First World War. Photographed, drawn, filmed, exhibited in Paris, London or Geneva, the representations of ruins were shown in newspapers, they have been distributed as postcards and have also been reproduced in various works. These iconographic representations were used from the very beginning of the conflict to support the arguments used to mobilize populations and convince neutral countries of the validity of the war. They then became a way of making the conflict visible, but especially to testify the new violence caused by artillery. The Literary descriptions presented them as living, wounded bodies, as anthropomorphic transpositions of the soldiers whose bodies were rarely displayed. Targets of armed violence, symbolic bodies and fragile, ruins have embodied first of all the body of the warrior and subsequently the sacred body of the Nation. Once peace had been restored, the ruins were mobilized one last time to reinforce the demands for war reparations. They were also honoured through decorative ceremonies and valued through organized tourist tours. Since then the debate around ruins has been minimized to a question of their conservation as remnants of war
Rézette, Séverine. "Autisme et représentations." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070104.
Повний текст джерелаHere are the different hypothesis in this particular writing: psychologists who take care of autistic patients have various representations about autism ; autistic patients are able or not to reach environmental representations. Are autistic patients unable to live such experiences as to imagine their own body image or to reach thoughts based upon the experience of satisfaction? Is the expression "the autistic spectre" (the determining sign in various autistic forms) possible when the Other one (or more precisely his absence) becomes a psychopathologic autistic structure? What are the relations between the Other one and the capacity to represent things which are appropriate to the human being? What could be specific to the autistic adolescent period? These various hypothesis are linked to this one : how does the autistic patient manage to live ? They will be developed thanks to different autistic adolescent examples
Dulin, David. "Imagerie mentale et déficience visuelle : approche cognitive, fonctionnelle et pathologique des représentations mentales." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100207.
Повний текст джерелаThe results of this study revealed on the one hand visual deficits of peripheral origin, affecting the perception of faces, colours or spelling material, set representational disorders in the corresponding areas and, on the other side, that the visually impaired can activate data stored thanks to haptic modality in order to improve their performance in mental imagery tasks of spelling material. Results indicated that the perceptive and representational processes could not be undertaken by the same cortical structures since the unilateral lesions of the subjects’ cortex did not systematically lead to representational disorders. Finally, results suggest that the brain-damaged patients’ representational disorders could be linked with the presence of attentional disorders and lesions spreading beyond the primary visual cortex. The second part of the experimentation suggested that learning a certain number of mainly visual codes, exploratory strategies and the use of raised line materials would allow the blind to compensate the deficit due to blindness (be it congenital or late) in certain visuo-spatial imagery tasks. These observations all present mental imagery as a consequence to the information synthesis generated by the different sensoral modalities and which could be under the influence of attention processes and tacit knowledge
Esquivié, Dominique. "Images visuelles et représentations mentales de l'espace tridimentionnel à partir de la cartographie." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05H013.
Повний текст джерелаThe present research investigates the process of visualisation as it pertains to the relationship between the cartographic depiction of a terrain and its mental representation. Contour lines are one of the most common methods for depicting relief on a map. The present research investigated the process of visualisation involved in contour line interpretation. If visualisation implies detailed memory of the relief, then slope, shape and height information should be preserved in the mental image of the environment. (. . . )
Lacaze, Gaëlle. "Représentations et techniques du corps chez les peuples mongols." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100189.
Повний текст джерелаGuardia, Dewi. "Représentation du corps et anorexie mentale : de l’intégration sensorielle à l’action : approche neurocognitive du phénomène de distorsion corporelle." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S034/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe everyday human ability to make judgments about one’s own and other people’s body-scaled actions is disrupted in anorexia nervosa (AN). AN patients significantly overestimated their own passability (relative to a control group) in a simulated body-scaled action. These data were concordant with the patients' clinical complaints that they feel larger than they really are. Judgments in AN patients were significantly affected in the first-person-perspective condition (1PP) but not in the third-person-perspective condition (3PP; see Figure). These overall results suggest that the overestimation of the passability ratios in AN are likely to be caused by an overestimation of their own body schema. They are not symptomatic of a general impairment in perceptual judgments.This overestimation of the body schema in AN can be related to the existence of disturbance in multisensory integration in AN, since the body schema is the product of multisensory integration of visual, tactile, proprioceptive and vestibular inputs. A significant relationship exist between the behavioural performances and the severity of eating disorders by revealing a significant, positive correlation between the patient’s own body action on one hand and body concern, body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness on the other. This disruption causes restrictive eating behaviours to persist.The patients\\\\\\\' performances were related to their body weight loss over the previous months and to their pre-AN body weight. This finding provides a possible explanation for the disruption of body-scaled actions in anorexic people: the body schema modified by the rapid weight loss may not have been updated by the central nervous system. Anorexia nervosa mainly affects young women in the 15-19 age group. However, many of the neurological, morphological and psychological changes occur during puberty and they will have an impact on the body schema. Weight changes induced by eating disorders could reinforce these disturbances. The knowledge gained by studying neurological phenomena such as phantom limbs might shed light on this topic. In fact, many amputees continue to feel the presence of a phantom limb after amputation. Many explanatory models of phantom limb syndrome have emerged in recent years. One of these postulates a degree of mismatch between the sensory feedback from the phantom and the cortical regions representing the limb. In anorexic patients, there could be a conflict between the previous body schema (i.e. before the weight change) and the current sensorimotor feedback. Thus, patients would find themselves locked into a larger body
Guardia, Dewi. "Représentation du corps et anorexie mentale : de l'intégration sensorielle à l'action : approche neurocognitive du phénomène de distorsion corporelle." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828513.
Повний текст джерелаKaradimas, Dimitri. "Le corps sauvage : idéologie du corps et représentations de l'environnement chez les mirana d'amazonie colombienne." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100214.
Повний текст джерелаLavisse, Dominique. "Rôle de l'activité cognitive et des représentations mentales afférentes dans l'acquisition d'une habileté motrice." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0293_LAVISSE.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAvry, Loïc. "Analyser les conflits territoriaux par les représentations spatiales : une méthode cognitive par cartes mentales." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808779.
Повний текст джерелаAvry, Loïc. "Analyser les conflits territoriaux par les représentations spatiales : une méthode cognitive par cartes mentales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20032.
Повний текст джерелаTerritorial conflicts, whether they involve environmental, land use, planning or urban development issues, are on the rise and often lead to the delay, or even the abandon, of diverse projects. While previous studies have emphasized the complex relationships that exist between conflicts and territories, few have successfully set the perspectives of the different actors on an equal footing.This thesis seeks to understand the real place occupied by the territory in the different perspectives of the various actors involved in territorial conflicts. Three case studies in particular have been used to clarify this aspect. The first study concerns the Notre-Dame-des-Landes International Airport conflict. The second is a comparison of land-fill site conflicts and the third focuses on the analysis of the conflict surrounding „Thursday night parties” in Rennes City Centre.The different scales of mobilisation and the different arguments advanced in these case studies were examined from the angle of the analysis of the different representations made by the various actors. We interpreted the positions of the different actors, laypersons, experts, and decision-makers, on the same level: that of the project territory. We also investigated how new mediations between different players could be put into place to allow a better understanding of the convergences and divergences of the positions held by different actors.To do this, we mainly used a “mental mapping” tool, which involved precisely outlining the objective of our study before developing a new methodology for resolving conflicts. The study of the different representations with this tool has undoubtedly allowed a better understanding of the different assertions made by opposing positions in territorial conflicts. As such, we have established a new design for the system of different actors and of the models of territorial complexes.From these new models, we established a global synthesis of conflict which we have termed “belliforme”, and which serves as a starting point for new processes of territorial cooperation, both prior to and following, the decision-making process. Furthermore, we question the key role that could be played by a cartography centred around the actors, rather than around the projects, in the understanding of the interplay between conflicts and territories
Duthu, Sylvie. "Représentations de soi dans le couple parental et représentations de leur enfant : rôle de la personnalité et des symptômes psychiatriques parentaux dans leurs représentations de la difficulté du tempérament de leur enfant." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20099.
Повний текст джерелаWe hypothesize from a systemic perspective that parents' evaluations of their children's difficult temperament are related to their own representations of their personality and psychiatrics symptoms. Parents' ratings of child difficultness reveal interesting information about the quality of family relations (Bates, 1983). Parental characteristics such as their personality (Kochanska, et al. , 2004) and their psychiatric symptoms (Treutler, 2003) are linked to their representations of their child's temperamental difficulties and might alter family relations in general (Dopkins Stright & Stigler Bales, 2003). We postulate also that self-representation of the other parent's personality and psychiatric symptoms reciprocally influence the fathers and mothers evaluations of child temperament. Both parents of 74 children aged between 24 and 40 months responded to three questionnaires: Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ, Bates, 1999), Adult Psychiatric Symptom Checklist (SCL 90-R, Derogatis, et al. , 1976) and the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP, Goldberg, 1999). Results indicate that fathers' neuroticism and introversion as well his self-reported psychiatric symptoms are associated with maternal representation of children's temperamental difficulties. We also found that maternal impulsivity neuroticism, conflict tendency, extraversion and psychiatric symptoms are linked to fathers' evaluation of the child as having a difficult temperament. We have also identified that number of psychiatric symptoms reported by both parents are associated with child's easy temperament. We conclude that it is probable that these results reflect children's flexibility of adaptation to specific parental characteristics
Marcoz, Céline. "La déconstruction des apparences : les représentations du corps dans la photographie contemporaine." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENH002.
Повний текст джерелаDesvois, Francis. "Le corps dans l'oeuvre de Mateo Alemán : représentations et fonctions." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30005.
Повний текст джерелаThe author consults the works of the spanish writer mateo aleman (1547-1614?) from the angle of the representations of the human body, in order to determinate both its historical and literary functions. In the first part, he studies the lexicon of the body in guzman de alfarache (1599-1604), giving clear indications of its main points : the hand, the eye and the alimentary system. In the second part, the author considers how aleman staged the body in his works : he verifies the important censure of ostentation as a servant to moral, economical and social usurpation, and the presence of the foundations of a modern literary realism. In the third part, he approaches the questions of erotism, human bestiality and violence : the author establishes that mateo aleman (as well as cervantes, but prior to him) is a great inventor of the modern novel, unfairly forgotten in the history of literature
Talmenssour, Abdelaali. "Représentations du corps en tachelhit : polysémie nominale, expressions idiomatiques, proverbes." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE1090.
Повний текст джерелаThroughout this study we try to work out the symbolism associated with the human body in Tashelhit and to bring out the main dimensions of this broad semantic field. We thus develop a model of semantic analysis for both proverbs and idiomatic expressions, applicable to a large array of corpus. We propose a detailed description of semantic and symbolic values associated with the lexicon related to the organs of the human body in Tashelhit, and describe the functioning of these lexemes in a context of paremiology, by putting forward a model of semantic analysis anchored in the concepts of proverbial motif and scenography. Their inherent metamorphism confers the lexical entities the function of figurative emblems, able of reaching the high generic level of maxims, essential for an explication of the proverb's "formular" meaning, and for grasping its practical and moral stake. In the same time, we are interested in idioms and phraseology, as cultural and social phenomena allowing us to understand semantic mechanisms specific to the language and to apprehend its linguistic and cultural specificities. We thus wish to contribute, in the field of lexical studies, a new approach where idiomatic expressions and proverbs can be brought together with so-called denotative meanings within a holistic model. This work is also a contribution to the field of Amazigh (Berber) studies. Our approach favours a global view, and involves a practical dimension, dealing with philological and dictionary description
Docteur, Aurélie. "Étude des processus et biais cognitifs impliqués dans la représentation du corps et des aliments d'individus normopondérés et obèses." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083823.
Повний текст джерелаA disturbance in the perception of personal of body size and cognitive schemas focused on food and shape are key features in maintaining food and shape-related dysfunctional attitudes in both obese individuals and restrained eaters. This PhD thesis aims at studying cognitive processes and biases in obese patients and restrained eaters, using perceptual (assessment of body-size perception and body-size ideal using a body-shape software) and memory tasks (implicit and explicit memory tasks). In this context, our experimental approach allowed to answer successively three questions: a) What are the cognitive processes involved in body-size perception and body-size ideal? b) What inter and intra-individual factors influence these judgments? c) What are the memory biases that could contribute to food and shape-related dysfunctional attitudes? Overall, our results show the involvement of specific processes and biases in obesity and food restriction. These biases imply avoidance of some stimuli, not congruent to the diet; stimuli that would rebound, overactive, leading to increased food consumption and maintenance of food-related dysfunctional attitudes
Burkhardt, Jean-Marie. "Réutilisation de solutions en conception orientée-objet : un modèle cognitif des mécanismes et représentations mentales." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H033.
Повний текст джерелаTo minimize the cost of software development and to increase software reliability, software engineering models encourage designers to reuse software components for the building of new systems; object-oriented design supports fairly this design strategy. Although a lot of work has been done in this field, the predicted level of reuse has not been reached yet. From a cognitive viewpoint, two sources of information are involved in the reuse of solutions (component, program. . . ): on one hand, an external source (code, documentation) and, on the other hand, internal representations constructed from the memory of the designer. Internal representations may correspond either to generic solutions or to particular situations recovered from the past. The reuse of previous solutions for solving a new problem involves three main cognitive mechanisms: access mechanisms to retrieve a previous solution, comprehension mechanisms to construct a mental representation of this source solution, and adaptation mechanisms to modify the source solution in order to meet the new requirements. We propose a cognitive model which accounts for the mechanisms and the mental representations constructed in the reuse activity. Our theoretical framework is based on the schema theory and on models of analogical problem solving. Our model is supported by two experiments conducted with designers using the c++ language. The first study analyses access mechanisms to previous solutions. In our experimental paradigm, experts in object-oriented design must evoke and describe solutions they could reuse for solving their current problem. The second study investigates the comprehension and the adaptation of a source solution during the resolution of an analogous target problem
Gotsis, Konstantinos. "Les représentations du corps humain dans la société "traditionnelle" grecque : chansons populaires, proverbes, rites." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010685.
Повний текст джерелаPradeilles, Claudine. "La représentation sociale de la maladie mentale en Lozère." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX10058.
Повний текст джерелаThe important changes in mental health policies have generated new practices in conflict with the initial situation of the social representation of mental illness. Confronted with this situation, the representation bas had to evolve to legitimate these practices and to protect the "central nucleus" : in this way a new element (the nervous breakdopwn) has come in addition to the structure of the social representation
Brassard, Claudia. "Validation de grilles d'analyse du discours onirique : repérer les représentations d'attachement et les schémas précoces inadaptés dans les rêves." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10510.
Повний текст джерелаMalick-Prunier, Sophie. "Le corps féminin et ses représentations poétiques dans la latinité tardive." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040078/document.
Повний текст джерелаA striking constancy in the use of themes, images and literary techniques in poems spanning from the Classical to the late Latin periods emerges once a prevailing principle in the Classical and Christian traditions is brought to the fore. According to this principle as revealed by these poems the female body is both dysfunctional and inferior. Whether it be the puella, the sponsa or the uirgo, the female body serves as the medium for an oft edifying discourse dominated by the traditional canons of beauty together with the virtues fides, pietas and pudor. It is nevertheless possible to underscore a notable shift in the tone of the late poetic discourse taken as a whole with respect to the female body : little by little the latter reaps the benefits from the growing influence of Christian texts and, in particular, from the implications of the mystery of Incarnation, to become the paradigm of the glorification of the flesh allowed by the sacrifice of Christ – this, notwithstanding the discourse of certain Fathers – and sung by the poets thanks to the resources afforded by a generous art form
Gaboriaud, Anna. "En quête des représentations antiques du corps féminin : les thérapies gynécologiques." Rennes 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN20044.
Повний текст джерелаHippocratic doctors are close to the woman's body, they describe it like no other man from the classical period has been able to do. Their interest in anatomy, physiology or in various pathologies are a key to reaching unequalled closeness to it. They even sometimes let us hear women's voices throughout the manifestation of the sicknesses, the worries and the practices, which are a testimony to the persistence in their writings of traditional procedures. Hippocratic doctors incarnate a fundamental intellectual path : the one of rational perspective in the comprehension of organic processes. Their biological observations, however, stop where the body and the skin begin. They imagine women's anatomy in a consensual way. The unwavering belief in the constitutive inferiority of everything female has distorted their theories. A woman's body is frailer, more unbalanced, its flesh is softer, looser, less resistant, moist. Their physiology is not only inferior but is even barely capable of sustaining itself. The conceptual inferiority which Greek culture links to the woman's body classifies it as a passage which direction sometimes changes : the passage taken by blood each month, the passage taken by the child which establishes its identity. It is a tool : malleable, easily influenced, hypersensitive, a condenser at the doctor's disposal. The major part of medical dissertation is taken up by testimonies to physical particularities. The sicknesses of the woman are then those of her sex, since it is the sex which defines the body. The medical line strengthens and asserts the oikos and the city's way of thinking : women are sick when they do not meet the expectations of their husbands and their community any more, when they wander from the normative path society imposes on them : they are sick of not bearing children. Remedies and therapies carry the cultural values associated with the representation of the ingredients they are based upon. The composition of medicine is a language intended for the woman's body where presuppositions and empiricism mingle. Gynaecological pharmacopoeia is the material expression of the mental representation Hippocratic doctors have of the woman's body. It also informs on actual therapeutic facts. Hippocratic medicine is not only made of representations and symbols but is also an active medicine which shapes the body as well as it conceptualises it
Wang, Lei. "Les pratiques et les représentations des soins du corps en Chine." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work questions the constraints and triggers of cosmetic practices in China and Chinese people body conception. It consists in, firstly, studying diachronically the effects of generations that are influenced by cosmetic products on the market and the social norms of body care at different times. Secondly, the effects of life cycle are analyzed as triggers, levers, important to body care and makeup practices. Finally, synchronously, it aims to follow the itinerary of cosmetics in wealthy women families: from the information before the purchase decision, mobility, acquisition, use, storage to the fate of the product. In the next step, the survey with dermatologists of traditional Chinese medicine and modern Western medicine help to check if dermatologists are prescribers of cosmetics in China and dig further analyze the conception of the body and disease among the doctors applying traditional Chinese medicine. This work allows us to understand that Chinese women reinterpret the modern Western cosmetics by their Chinese body conception in everyday life
WACH, NATHALIE. "Représentations p-adiques cristallines du groupe de Galois d'un corps local." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112275.
Повний текст джерелаPoublan-Attas, Valérie. "L'espace urbain déformé : transports collectifs et cartes mentales." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180195.
Повний текст джерелаCette thèse développe une méthode qualitative d'aide à la conception et à l'évaluation des réseaux de transports collectifs et s'intéresse, plus spécifiquement aux lignes de tramway. La méthode constitue aussi un outil puissant de pondération des outils quantitatifs.
Toute personne possède une représentation mentale de l'espace urbain qu'elle parcourt réellement ou virtuellement. Les réseaux de transport collectif influencent les cartes mentales de l'espace urbain. Ils contraignent la perception que les gens ont de la ville à travers leurs itinéraires mais aussi modifient les distances entre les points, créant un espace temps spécifique. Cependant, les cartes mentales, tels des instruments de navigation, agissent par activations sélectives ou abandon de certaines branches du réseau. C'est pourquoi l'étude des représentations mentales, de leur capacité à intégrer des éléments nouveaux comme une nouvelle ligne de transport public est capitale.
Cette recherche étudie les éléments constitutifs des cartes mentales puis la manière dont celles-ci évoluent avec la mise en service d'une nouvelle ligne de transport collectif. Elle s'intéresse aussi à la taille, à la localisation des territoires d'appartenance des individus et à leurs évolutions, question essentielle pour désenclaver les quartiers en difficulté.
Les enseignements cernent les éléments du transport collectif qui déterminent fortement les représentations mentales. La topologie de celles-ci, les seuils de perception sont analysés en particulier et partiellement expliqués. Enfin, les cartes mentales peuvent se regrouper par types selon leur capacité à intégrer des éléments nouveaux. Chaque type correspond à un profil d'individu. Cette conclusion est capitale car elle permet, par l'utilisation de la méthode, d'évaluer dans quelle mesure les représentations mentales des individus, concernés par un projet de transport collectif, sont enclines à intégrer la future ligne ou non.
Les résultats de cette recherche, ainsi que la méthode développée, sont autant d'enseignements précieux pour un aménageur ou, de manière générale, un décideur en matière d'urbanisme et de transport.
Brulé, Laurianne. "Influence de l'expertise sur les représentations biologiques des adultes : le cas de la vigne." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIML005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research looks into the mental representations of adults who have different levels of expertise in vegetal biology.As many studies in this field indicate, expertise has consequences on the cognitive system: increase and depth of knowledge, and different organization of this knowledge. We focus on different types of expertise by considering all-comers, wine-growers and biologists. The first test is meant to measure participants’ knowledge in vegetal biology. Then using the SBF coding model of Goel et al. (1996) and analysis of discourse, we gathered participants’ contextual knowledge (test 2) and productions of inferences (test 3) in order to observe the different mental representations according to the systemic triangulation model (Le Moigne, 2006) and the characteristics of knowledge. The amount and characteristics of knowledge we observed are in accordance with our hypothesis; however, we do not observe any difference between all-comers’ and wine-growers’ representations in terms of systemic poles (structure, function, behavior). The results as a whole confirm the interest in types of expertise within one field. In a future research, we suggest the study of the effect of cultural transmission on young children according to their parents’ level of expertise
Afonso, Jaco Amandine. "Propriétés analogiques des représentations mentales de l'espace : Etude comparative auprès de personnes voyantes et non-voyantes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874760.
Повний текст джерелаAfonso, Amandine. "Propriétés analogiques des représentations mentales de l'espace : étude comparative auprès de personnes voyantes et non-voyantes." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112326.
Повний текст джерелаWe are interested in behavioral "plasticity" of individuals who have been deprived of vision from birth. More specifically, we have studied the manner in which the individual mentally represents the space around them, and the way in which the inidividual benefits from information coming from other senses. The aim of the study consists in understanding if the essential stages for the construction of the mental representations are in operation from an early age, and up to what point behavioral/cerebral plasticity could mitigate this early visual deprivation. Three series of experiments were proposed with participants who were categorized as blind from birth, late blind, sighted and blindfolded, or sighted with eyes open. The first two experiments consisted of a task of mental exploration and of mental comparison of distances. In these two experiments, the participants learned the configuration of a small spatial environment through verbal description or tactile exploration. The third series of experiments was aimed at examining whether the immersion of the individual in the environment would improve their performance. We designed an immersive Virtual Reality system for "3D sound", which allows for the generation of a human scale environment consisting of a spatial distribution of virtual sound sources in which the individual has the capacity to move about. The results suggest that the size of the initial configuration does not have an effect on the treatment of the spatial relations, even though blind from birth participants made more erros with regards to distance evaluation with the smaller sized configuration
Guerreschi, Luc. "Le vécu sportif du corps : étude des représentations sociales du corps d'athlètes de haut niveau français et canadiens." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21187.
Повний текст джерелаElite sports lead to an extreme use of the body which has disastrous consequences. In order to understand contemporary sporting practices and the way they are experienced, we focussed on the social representations of elite athletes' bodies. For our study, we used the social representations theory (Moscovici, 1961, Doise, 1992). Semi-directive interviews and words associations have been carried out among a population of 70 French and Canadian elite athletes. First, the results' analysis allowed to draw different apprehension modes of the body, of sport and doping experience. Secondly, the organizing principles of the social representations of elite athletes' bodies were revealed. These representations are characterized by two ambivalent notions: a quest for intense body pleasure close to suffering, associated with a search of body limits which is also a search of trauma