Дисертації з теми "Réponse de la demande"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Réponse de la demande".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Besançon, Mathieu. "Modèles biniveaux pour la réponse de la demande dans les réseaux électriques intelligents." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0022.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on bilevel optimization, some variants, and an application to optimal price-setting in smart power grids.Bilevel optimization problems are a special subclass of constrained mathematical optimization problems where another problem, the lower level is embedded in the constraints.We consider their application to the optimal pricing of a Time-and-Level-of-Use Demand Response program, allowing an electricity supplier to leverage the flexibility of users through an economic incentive.A generalized form of bilevel optimization is also proposed where the lower level may pick a solution that is not optimal as typically assumed but near-optimal, that is feasible and within a fixed tolerance from an optimal solution.Solving this variant of bilevel optimization requires anticipation of the deviation from optimality and a guarantee that a solution remains feasible even with this deviation
Wolde-Mariam, Assefa. "L'offre et la demande d'habitat en Ethiopie : l'utilisation des matériaux locaux comme élément de réponse." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0038.
Повний текст джерелаThe demand and supply of housing in Ethiopia is analyzed based on the existing statistical information. Special emphasis has been given on issues like urban population growth and housing policy in order to comprehend the factors which act as constraints to the housing production. The shortage of Housing in Ethiopia, as in any other under developed country, is one of the most dominant problem to be solved. This paper, therefore, contributes to the global reflection on the housing problem and focuses on modern earth construction technology as the major alternative to resorb the current housing deficit. Earth, an abundant indigenous, economic material can be used to produce compressed earth blacks. To increase the compressive strength of earth blocks and reduce its sensitivity to water, we recommend the use of pouzzolanic binders for stabilization. The elaboration of the binders is conceived, by mixing a finely ground local volcanic scorias with Portland cement or lime (Ca(OH)2). A total stabilization of 4% mix of "cement/pouzzolana" or "lime/pouzzolana", not only assures acceptable physical perfo1mance, but maintains the excellent thermophysical behavior and aesthetic value as well. The thermal comfort analysis on a model house and the feasibility study, put in evidence the considerable economic and comfort advantages of compressed earth blacks as building material. Housing construction based on the proposed proportion of stabilization and investigation methodology could bring a significant economic benefit, where classical building materials fail to shelter the low income group
Celik, Berk. "Coordination mechanisms for smart homes electric energy management through distributed resource scheduling with demand response programs." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCA013/document.
Повний текст джерелаGrid modernization through philosophies as the Smart Grid has the potential to help meet the expected world increasing demand and integrate new distributed generation resources at the same time. Using advanced communication and computing capabilities, the Smart Grid offers a new avenue of controlling end-user assets, including small units such as home appliances. However, with such strategies, decisions taken independently can cause undesired effects such as rebound peaks, contingencies, and instabilities in the network. Therefore, the interaction between the energy management actions of multiple smart homes is a challenging issue in the Smart Grid. Under this purpose, in this work, the potential of coordination mechanisms established among residential customers at the neighborhood level is evaluated through three studies. Firstly, coordinative home energy management is presented, with the aim to increase local renewable energy usage in the neighborhood area by establishing energy trading among smart homes, which are compensated by incentives. The control algorithm is realized in both centralized and decentralized manners by deploying a multi-agent system, where neighborhood entities are modeled as agents. Simulations results show that both methods are effective on increasing local renewable energy usage and decreasing the daily electricity bills of customers. However, while the decentralized approach gives results in shorter time, the centralized approach shows a better performance regarding costs. Secondly, two decentralized energy management algorithms are proposed for day-ahead energy management in the neighborhood area. A dynamic pricing model is used, where price is associated to the aggregated consumption and grid time-of-use scheme. The objective of the study is to establish a more advanced coordination mechanism (compared to previous work) with residual renewable energy is shared among smart homes. In this study, the performance of the algorithms is investigated with daily and annual analyses, with and without considering forecasting errors. According to simulations results, both coordinative control models show better performance compared to baseline and selfish (no coordination) control cases, even when considering forecasting errors. Lastly, the impact of photovoltaic systems on a residential aggregator performance (in a centralized approach) is investigated in a neighborhood area. In the proposed model, the aggregator interacts with the spot market and the utility, and proposes a novel pricing scheme to influence customers to control their loads. Simulation results show that when the penetration level of residential photovoltaics (PV) is increased, the aggregator profit decreases due to self-consumption ability with PV in the neighborhood
Palermo, Szücs Carolina. "Système ouvert de construction en bois pour la maison populaire, appliqué à une systématique autoconstructive, comme une réponse à la demande d'habitations dans la région Sud-brésilienne." Metz, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1991/Szucs.Palermo_Carolina.SMZ9114.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMendo, Me Mfou Elvire Mireille Inès. "Les micro-unités de santé informelles au Cameroun : quelle réponse aux besoins des populations les plus vulnérables ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12018/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the success of informal micro-care units (IMCUs) in urban Cameroon at a time when other initiatives such as formal primary health care promoted by the World Health Organization are implemented to improve access of vulnerable populations to care. We seek to first, understand the extent to which IMCUs better meet the health needs of some disadvantaged populations than other health services, and second draw lessons on the possible place of the IMCUs in an expanded health policy. We rely on the literature to explain the motivations of suppliers and care-seeker in health economics and in the informal economy. We also rely on quantitative and qualitative surveys we conducted in Yaounde with suppliers and care-seeker. We highlight a number of variables that determine the selection for the IMCUs by the care-seeker. Our thesis shows that in the context of informal micro-market in which IMCUs operate, the market mechanisms are insufficient to explain actors’ behavior, while economics of convention and the capabilities approach are relevant grids of analysis. The conventions illustrate the process of adjustment of supply to demand subjected to high constraints. The prospects of integrating the MUSIs to national health policy stem from their potential contribution, under certain conditions, to the expansion of primary health care
GOMES, VIEIRA FILHO NILSON. "Le circuit de la demande effective et de la réponse institutionnelle en santé mentale : confrontation des pratiques thérapeutiques pour adultes en institution psychiatrique brésilienne (Recife) et italienne (Trieste)." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070113.
Повний текст джерелаThe central aim of our research is to compare the therapeutic practices adopted in the brazilian (recife) and italian (trieste) public psychiatric institutions. Our theoretical orientation was based in the clinic approach of the "circuit of effective demand and institutional response in mental health" (basaglian school). First, we expose the conceptual and hypothetical basis of our approach, then we specify a participant research method respect to our investigation field, and finally we analyse the corpus collected during the practice. The comparison of the two therapeutic experiences showed two constrastant configurations of the "circuit" (institutionalization in recife, and desinstitutionalization in trieste), while in the international context, a "desinstitutionalization" policy of psychiatric organizations is observed
Yankam, Njonou Rabelais. "Analyse économique de la réponse du marché du blé différencié aux instruments de l'organisation commune des marchés du secteur des céréales : le cas de la France." Université catholique de Louvain, 2004. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-04062004-164824/.
Повний текст джерелаBuckley, Penelope. "Comportement des ménages en matière de consommation d'électricité : une meta-analyse et des approches expérimentales." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAE001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis examines how consumers respond to incentives used to encourage a reduction in their energy consumption. This necessary reduction stems from the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase energy production from renewable energy sources and achieve energy savings. These objectives require that residential demand be more flexible in response to changes in supply and that energy savings be achieved by households. The first chapter explores the barriers to consumer acceptance and adoption of smart meters and the incentives that they provide. Significant barriers exist and consumption reductions are far from being achieved. Limited motivation, lack of understanding of information on consumption and the rigidity of daily life are the main barriers preventing households from acting upon the incentives delivered via smart meters. The second chapter analyses the results of field experiments and pilot studies on the impacts of different incentives on residential consumption. The results show that there are large variations and that, on average, an incentive will result in a 2% reduction in energy consumption. Real-time feedback and monetary information have the greatest effect. Finally, more robust studies report lower reduction effects. In the third chapter, a common pool resource game is used to explore individual responses to price and nudge-based incentives. Individuals are encouraged to reduce their consumption either by price increases or by smilies that reflect their overconsumption. The price is most effective at encouraging the target level of consumption but takes longer to have an effect. The nudge is quickly understood but tends to reinforce overconsumption behaviours. The fourth chapter examines the effect of framing on effort provision. Individuals are asked to complete a simple and repetitive task for which they receive a piece-rate payoff in the form of a gain or loss. Framing in the form of gains and losses is combined with three different payment structures: fixed gain, low gain or high gain with an equal probability revealed before or after the effort is made. The results show that framing has no effect on effort provision, except for a high gain context announced before making the effort
Hamwi, Michael. "Understanding and analysing business models in the context of energy transition. Proposition of the DRBMC (Demand Response Business Model Canvas) to design new entrepreneur's business model in “Demand Response” markets." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0114/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, produced by human activities in the energy sector is one of the main causes of climate change. Therefore, the decarbonization of power systems has become an urgent need the mitigate to the effects of climate change and achieve the energy transition. The share of renewable energy technologies has been increasing mainly due to the participation of new market players. Today, however, one of the great challenges is to maintain the electricity system’s balance and security despite the large amount of renewable energy resources connected to the grid. One of the approaches to deal with this issue and to increase power system flexibility is the Demand Response (DR). Moreover, scholars argue that business model innovation can act as an energy transition driver. This thesis examines business model innovations in the context of the energy transition by investigating emerging start-up business models. The implemented research methodology in this thesis consists of a systematic literature review and an investigation of empirical data of 15 European energy start-ups. As a result, the thesis provides the research community with (1) a grouping method to classify different Energy Business Models (EBMs) and an initial synthesis of the EBMs identified in the literature; (2) a framework to analyse start-ups in the energy sector, completed with the analysis of 15 energy start-ups; (3) and a conceptual tool for DR innovation, named as the Demand Response Business Model Canvas (DRBMC), which includes 12 interrelated elements. This canvas aims at evaluating DR activities and supporting the emergence of new DR business models. These results can also help entrepreneurs explore new demand response market opportunities, enabling a better understanding and providing a simplified analytic framework of existing business practices
Berenguier, Frédéric. "Structurer une réponse à la demande de stabilisation et de réactualisation des connaissances dans la dynamique de conception et de réalisation de produits : création de la Mémoire d'Entreprise et du Systè́me d'Intelligence Economique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30057.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays all companies are compelled to innovate in all their activities and behaviours due to the complexity of their technical and commercial environment as well as their increasing difficulty to make the best possible use of their own internal knowledge engineering. Among companies' innovative behaviours are methods and tools aiming to implement systems such as Business Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering. The implementation of actious taken in order to develop such systems within "CNIM" (Constructions Industrielles de Mediteranée) will be the starting point of the present writing which will, at the end, be completed by wider theoretical reflexions to enlarge its scope of use. In this manner, we will propose a global process to create knowledge Management systems within various companies. The implementation of such systems are likely to create some disturbances within their social environment and many impediments will be encountered in the course of their realization. A substantial part of the present study will deal with such problems and suggest adequate solutions
Azzalini, Marco. "Les consésquences nutritionnelles de la crise alimentaire et les réponses politiques. Estimation d'un système de demande individuelle au Bangladesh." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28273/28273.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAzzalini, Marco. "Les conséquences nutritionnelles de la crise alimentaire et les réponses politiques : estimation d'un système de demande individuelle au Bangladesh." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22833.
Повний текст джерелаDans un contexte où les prix des aliments sur le marché international tendent à la hausse et, à court terme, sont soumis à des fluctuations importantes, il est fondamental de mettre en place des politiques visant à assurer une nutrition suffisante et adéquate des groupes les plus vulnérables. La plupart des études sur le sujet se concentrent sur les effets « monétaires » de la crise et, en même temps, elles font l'hypothèse que les membres de chaque ménage partagent équitablement les conséquences néfastes des chocs sur les prix. Je propose une approche alternative, basée sur un système de demande de type AIDS {Almost Ideal Demand System) au Bangladesh, visant à mesurer les conséquences de la crise alimentaire sur la santé nutritionnelle des individus. De plus, les données disponibles me permettent de prendre en compte la dimension de l'allocation intrafamiliale des ressources. Mon approche est ainsi centrée sur les besoins des individus, plutôt que sur les besoins agrégés des ménages.
De, Biasio Marco. "Ground motion intensity measures for seismic probabilistic risk analysis." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI051/document.
Повний текст джерелаA fundamental issue that arises in the framework of Probabilistic Seismic Risk Analysis is the choice of groundmotion Intensity Measures (IMs). In addition to reducing record-to-record variability, an improved IM (i.e. one able tobetter capture the damaging features of a record, as well as the site hazard) provides criteria for selecting input groundmotions to loosen restrictions.Two new structure-specific IMs are proposed in this study: the first, namely ASAR (i.e. Relative Average SpectralAcceleration), is conceived for Structural demand prediction, the second namely, E-ASAR (i.e. Equipment-RelativeAverage Spectral Acceleration), aims to predict Non-Structural components acceleration demand. The performance ofthe proposed IMs are compared with the ones of current IMs, based on: a) a large dataset of thousands recordedearthquake ground motions; b) numerical analyses conducted with state-of-the-art FE models, representing actualload-bearing walls and frame structures, and validated against experimental tests; and c) systematic statistical analysesof the results. According to the comparative study, the introduced IMs prove to be considerably more “efficient” withrespect to the IMs currently used. Likewise, both ASAR and E-ASAR have shown to own the characteristic of“sufficiency” with respect to magnitude, source-to-site distance and soil-type (Vs30). Furthermore, both the introducedIMs possess the valuable characteristics to need (in order to be computed) merely the knowledge of the building’sfundamental frequency, exactly as it is for the wide-spread spectral acceleration Spa(f1). This key characteristic makesboth ASAR and E-ASAR easily exploitable in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis.Therefore, due to their proven efficiency, sufficiency, robustness and applicable formulation, both ASAR and EASARcan be considered as worthy candidates for defining seismic hazard within the frameworks of both Probabilisticand Deterministic Seismic Risk Analysis
Saker, Nathalie. "Contribution au pilotage de la charge pour accroître la flexibilité du système électrique." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812674.
Повний текст джерелаDos, Santos Raimundo N. Macedo. "Rationalisation de l'usage de la Classification Internationale des Brevets par l'analyse fonctionnelle pour répondre à la demande de l'information industrielle." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30037.
Повний текст джерелаAmer, Motaz. "Power consumption optimization based on controlled demand for smart home structure." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4354.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis proposes a concept of power consumption optimization in smart homes based on demand side management that reposes on using Home Energy Management System (HEMS) that is able to control home appliances. The advantage of the concept is optimizing power consumption without reducing the users living comfort. An adaptive mechanism for smart home energy management system which composed of algorithms that govern the use of different types of loads in order of pre-selected priority in smart home is proposed. In addition a method for the optimization of the power generated from a Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) in order to achieve the load demand. Particle Swarm Optimization Technique (PSO) is used as optimization searching algorithm due to its advantages over other techniques for reducing the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCE) with an acceptable range of the production taking into consideration the losses between production and demand sides. The problem is defined and the objective function is introduced taking into consideration fitness values sensitivity in particle swarm process. The algorithm structure was built using MATLAB software and Arduino 1.0.5 Software. This work achieves the purpose of reducing electricity expense and clipping the Peak-toAverage Ratio (PAR). The experimental setup for the smart meter implementing HEMS is built relying on the Arduino Mega 2560 board as a main controller and a web application of URL http://www.smarthome-em.com to interface with the proposed smart meter using the Arduino WIFI Shield
Kiedanski, Diego. "Mechanisms and architectures to encourage the massive and efficient use of local renewable energy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT036.
Повний текст джерелаTo meet carbon reduction goals in Europe but worldwide too, a large number of renewable distributed energy resources (DER) still need to be deployed.Aiming at mobilizing private capitals, several plans have been developed to put end-customers at the heart of the energy transition, hoping to accelerate the adoption of green energy by increasing its attractiveness and profitability.Some of the proposed models include the creation of local energy markets where households can sell their energy to their neighbors at a higher price than what the government would be willing to pay (but lower than what other customers normally pay), shared investment models in which consumers own a carbon-free power plant such as a wind turbine or a solar farm and they obtain dividends from its production to collective auto-consumption models in which several families are ‘hidden’ behind the same smart meter, allowing them to optimize their aggregated consumption profile and therefore maximizing the value of their DER.One of the main objectives of the thesis is to understand these different incentives as they will play a crucial role in tackling climate change if correctly implemented. To do so, we design a framework ‘local energy trading’ that encompasses a large number of incentives.In the context of local energy trading, we study the interactions of prosumers (consumers with generation capabilities) located in the same Low Voltage network, possibly behind the same feeder. These prosumers will still be connected to the main power grid and they will have the option, as they do today, to buy and sell to/from their utility company at a fixed price (a flat rate or a Time-of-Use, for example). For these agents to fully benefit from the advantages of local energy trading, we shall assume that they own appliances (such as batteries) that, without changing their perceived energy demand, can enable them to change their net energy demand as seen from outside their homes. Modeling prosumers as rational utility maximizers, they will schedule their battery to decrease the cost associated with their net energy demand (as their perceived demand remains unchanged).In the first part of the thesis, we investigate competitive models in which prosumers sell their surplus to their neighbors via a local energy market. We analyze different strategies that players could use to participate in these markets and their impact on the normal operation of the power grid and the Distribution System Operator. In this regard, it is shown that sequential markets can pose a problem to the system and a new market mechanism that exploits domain knowledge is proposed to increase the efficiency of the local trades.In the second part of the thesis, we delve into incentives that can be implemented through cooperation. In this regard, we use cooperative game theory to model the shared investment into energy storage and photovoltaic panels (PV) by a group of prosumers. For the studied model we show that a stable solution (in the core of the game) exists in which all participants cooperate and we provide an efficient algorithm to find it. Furthermore, we also show that cooperation is stable for participants that already own batteries and PVs but prefer to operate them in coordination to increase their value, effectively implementing collective auto-consumption.Finally, we demonstrate how to integrate both models: the shared investment and the cooperative control of existing resources into a single cooperative framework which also enjoys the existence of stable outcomes. For this later model, we propose to decouple the return over investments (ROI) obtained between the ROI produced by the investment in hardware and the ROI obtained by cooperation itself. By doing so, we can offer the former profit to external investors to raise the required capital (although nothing forbids the member of the coalition to contribute) and the latter to the actual consumers
Zia, Muhammad Fahad. "On energy management optimization for microgrids enriched with renewable energy sources Microgrids energy management systems: a critical review on methods, solutions, and prospects, in Applied Energy 222, July 2018 Optimal operational planning of scalable DC microgrid with demand response, islanding, and battery degradation cost considerations, in Applied Energy 237, March 2019 Energy management system for an islanded microgrid with convex relaxation, in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 55, Nov.-Dec. 2019 Microgrid transactive energy: review, architectures, distributed ledger technologies, and market analysis, in IEEE Access, January 2020." Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://theses-scd.univ-brest.fr/2020/These-2020-SPI-Genie_electrique-ZIA_Muhammad_Fahad.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe current electric power system isfacing the challenges of environmental protection,increasing global electricity demand, high reliability requirement, cleanliness of energy, and planning restrictions. To evolve towards green and smart electric power system, centralized generating facilities are now being transformed into smaller and more distributed generations. As a consequence, the concept of microgrid emerges, where a microgrid can operate as a single controllable system and can be assumed as a cluster of loads and distributed energy resources, which may include many renewable energy sources and energy storage systems. The energy management of large numbers of distributed energy resources is needed for reliable operation of microgrid system. Therefore, energy management is the fundamental part of the microgrid operation for economical and sustainable development. In this regard, this thesis focuses on proposing energy management optimization models for optimal operation of microgrid system that include proposed practical Li-ion battery degradation cost model. These different energy management models include objective functions of operating cost of distributed generators, emission cost of conventional generation source, maximum utilization of renewable energy sources, battery degradation cost, demand response incentives, and load shedding penalization cost, with microgrid component and physical network constraints. A comprehensive conceptual seven layer model is also developed to provide standardized insights in implementing real transactive energy systems
Belen, Lucien. "Les pédaliers expérimentaux : effets sur la demande métabolique, sur les réponses cardio-ventilatoires et sur la performance de deux prototypes au cours d'épreuves d'effort." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON14004.
Повний текст джерелаTang, Daogui. "A simulation-based modeling framework for the analysis and protection of smart grids against false pricing attacks." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPAST017.
Повний текст джерелаThe integration of information and communication technology (ICT) systems with power systems enables a two-way communication exchange between customers and utilities, which helps engaging customers in various demand-response (DR) programs of smart grids (SGs), such as time-of-use (TOU) pricing and real-time pricing (RTP). However, this makes SG cyber-physical system exposed to additional threats coming from the ICT layer. For this reason, the threat of cyber attacks of various types has become a major concern. In this context, the focus of the thesis is on the modeling of , detection of and defense from a specific type of cyber attacks to DR schemes, namely, false pricing attacks (FPAs). The study approaches the problem firstly by modeling FPAs initiated in social networks (SNs). The false electricity prices spreading process is described by a multi-level influence propagation model considering customers’ personality characteristics and information value. Monte Carlo simulation is utilized to account for the stochastic nature of the influence propagation process. Then, considering the integration of distributed renewable energy resources (DRERs) in the RTP context, we study FPAs where attackers manipulate realtime electricity prices by injecting false consumption and renewable generation information. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based online detector is developed to detect the considered FPAs. Finally, to mitigate the impact of FPAs, an optimal defense strategy is defined, under limited resources. The dynamic interaction between attackers and defenders is modeled as a zero-sum Markov game where neither player has full information of the game model. A modelfree multi-agent reinforcement learning method is proposed to solve the game and find the Nash Equilibrium policies for both players. The thesis provides a simulationbased framework for modelling FPAs to smart grids. The findings of the thesis give insights into how FPAs can impact cyber-physical power systems by misleading a portion of customers in the electricity market and provide implications on how to mitigate such impact by detecting and defending the attacks
Essaid, Mohand. "Modélisation et simulation de la connectivité des flux logistiques dans les réseaux manufacturiers." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783593.
Повний текст джерелаMohamed, Cheik Hamidou Issoufa. "Excès de liquidité monétaire, objectif d'inflation et stabilité financière." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G001/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecent developments in asset prices (stocks, real estate) during the last decade have revived the debate on the origin of some unbalances (bubbles) and their impact on the real economy. Indeed asset prices respond to liquidity glut (the global monetary base growing faster than world production) in a low inflation regime. In this thesis, we try to clarify the relationship between liquidity conditions and prices which may render economies more vulnerable to financial shocks (e.g. as a result of the bursting of asset prices bubble). Thereafter, we examine how monetary policy should respond to this threat by analyzing the implications of the existence of liquidity glut on the "inflation targeting" policy. To deal with liquidity glut and ensure financial stability, should central banks have to consider asset prices in their design of monetary policy?
Isbiliroglu, Levent. "Strategy for Selecting Input Ground Motion for Structural Seismic Demand Analysis." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU009/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe observed variability is very large among natural earthquake records, which are not consolidated in the engineering applications due to the cost and the duration. In the current practice with the nonlinear dynamic analysis, the input variability is minimized, yet without clear indications of its consequences on the output seismic behavior of structures. The study, herein, aims at quantifying the impact of ground motion selection with large variability on the distribution of engineering demand parameters (EDPs) by investigating the following questions:What is the level of variability in natural and modified ground motions?What is the impact of input variability on the EDPs of various structural types?For a given earthquake scenario, target spectra are defined by ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Four ground motion modification and selection methods such as (1) the unscaled earthquake records, (2) the linearly scaled real records, (3) the loosely matched spectrum waveforms, and (4) the tightly matched waveforms are utilized. The tests on the EDPs are performed on a record basis to quantify the natural variability in unscaled earthquake records and the relative changes triggered by the ground motion modifications.Each dataset is composed by five accelerograms; the response spectrum compatible selection is then performed by considering the impact of set variability. The intraset variability relates to the spectral amplitude dispersion in a given set, and the interset variability relates to the existence of multiple sets compatible with the target.The tests on the EDPs are performed on a record basis to quantify the natural variability in unscaled earthquake records and the relative changes triggered by the ground motion modifications. The distributions of EDPs obtained by the modified ground motions are compared to the observed distribution by the unscaled earthquake records as a function of ground motion prediction equations, objective of structural analysis, and structural models.This thesis demonstrates that a single ground motion set, commonly used in the practice, is not sufficient to obtain an assuring level of the EDPs regardless of the GMSM methods, which is due to the record and set variability. The unscaled real records compatible with the scenario are discussed to be the most realistic option to use in the nonlinear dynamic analyses, and the ‘best’ ground motion modification method is demonstrated to be based on the EDP, the objective of the seismic analysis, and the structural model. It is pointed out that the choice of a GMPE can provoke significant differences in the ground motion characteristics and the EDPs, and it can overshadow the differences in the EDPs obtained by the GMSM methods
Kyriakodis, Georgios-Evrystheas. "Development of a coupled simulation tool for urban building energy demand, district energy systems and microclimate modeling." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS028.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD work investigates the complex links between urban physical processes, through the development of coupled simulation platforms to account simultaneously for building energy demand, individual or district energy systems, and urban microclimate. The spatial and temporal scales correspond to urban neighborhoods under explicit geometries, and annual simulations respectively. Several coupling strategies have been evaluated, regarding thermal efficiency indicators, and the determination of the diversity of coupled phenomena. The synchronous coupling schemes can effectively assess the dynamical interactions between buildings and the local microclimate. Nevertheless, the coupling variable is sensitive to the thermal properties of the building. The simplification of the urban canopy layer to a single-node description reveals significant variability in building energy demand. Besides, the developed model has been employed to assess the thermal performance of an urban neighborhood in La Rochelle. The transition from local energy systems to the district energy network eliminates anthropogenic heat from buildings, and improves the outdoor thermal comfort conditions, acting as a local heat island mitigation strategy. However, it is associated with an energy penalty due to the ground losses of the piping circuit. This energy penalty is amplified when a passive mitigation strategy (cool materials) is implemented concurrently
Said, Dhaou. "Modèles et protocoles pour les interactions des véhicules électriques mobiles avec la grille." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6055.
Повний текст джерелаZerrar, Corinne Thanina. "La demande d'assurance dépendance." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED051/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at better understanding long-term care insurance puzzle. Three determinants of the long-term care insurance market low development are studied here: individual preferences, self-insurance and myopia. To do so, we use two surveys that have introduced dependency-specific modules: “Preferences and patrimony against time and risk” and “Health Care and Insurance”. The results highlight the role of these three determinants of long-term care insurance demand in the low development of the market. If myopia advocate for a government intervention in French citizens long-term care planning, the impact of individual preference and self-insurance behaviors suggest that the nonpurchase of long-term care policies is economically rational
Rahni, Ahmed. "Contributions à la validation d'ordonnancement temps réel en présence de transactions sous priorités fixes et EDF." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00368101.
Повний текст джерелаBoujelbene, Younès. "Les Modèles dynamiques de demande théorie et application à la demande d'énergie en France /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612173j.
Повний текст джерелаBoujelbene, Younès. "Les modèles dynamiques de demande : théorie et application à la demande d'énergie en France." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090013.
Повний текст джерелаLEMONDE, GUILLAUME. "Demande d'euthanasie : quels reperes ethiques ?" Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M343.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Vreyer Philippe. "Essais sur la demande d'education." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0070.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation is a collection of four essays. Essays number one to three are concerned with individual and household demand for education in developing countries. First comes a literature survey where it is shown that existing works on this topic are a poor guide to the conception of economic policies. Difficulties are (partly) identified in the misrepresentation of household level decisions and the omission of incertainty in the estimated models. Then come two econometric analysis of demand for education in ivory coast. First an individual decision making model is exposed that combines structural modelization and econometric estimation based on a polychotomous ordered probit. Estimation results are then used for simulating five mesures of economic policy. Essay number three presents a dynamic discrete choice model of household decision making. Effects of uncertainty on demand for education are explicitely modelized. Estimation is based on a discrete choice model and includes endogeneization of specific variables, elements of heterogeneity and a discussion deduced from the constraints of economic theory. The last essay is concerned with heterogeneity and agregation in models of demand for labor. This problem is largely ignored in the existing literature on this topic and after showing the restrictions induced by current practice, adoption of a method taken form deaton is proposed and illustrated
Bonnel, Patrick. "Prévision de la demande de transport." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268919.
Повний текст джерелаCette réflexion sur les outils (analyse des comportements, méthode de production de données, modélisation) a été complétée par une analyse des politiques de déplacements urbains. Elle a été conduite notamment à travers une comparaison des politiques de déplacements urbains menées dans plusieurs agglomérations européennes.
Ce rapport d'habilitation permet de clarifier et d'expliciter ces différentes dimensions développées tout à la fois au niveau de l'activité de recherche et au niveau de l'activité d'enseignement. Il constitue à ce titre un apport original qui devrait servir de base à la publication d'un manuel de prévision de la demande de transport, occupant ainsi un espace plutôt délaissé au sein des publications de langue française.
Larribeau-Nori, Sophie. "Microéconométrie de la demande de téléphone." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10004.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis proposes an original strategy of specification of micreoconometric models characterised firstly by the closness between the apporximate model and the true model, based on the comparaison of the partial derivaties, and secondly by the inspection of the distribution of the explanatory variables. Moreover, the households demand of access and telephone service is examined; the individual behaviour of franch households and the diffusion of the aggregate access demans in spain are specifically analysed
Prüm, André. "L'autonomie des garanties à première demande." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10006.
Повний текст джерелаThe study analyses the independance of guarantees on first demand under french and comparative law. This new type of guarantee has been thought out by the operators of international trade and is promised today a large development. The papers describes the multiple applications for which independant guarantees bonds or stand-by letters of credit are used. The basis, the source and the various expressions of the autonomy of the guarantees are examinated. The mechanism of counter-guarantees, sydicated engagements, and other pools of guarantees are also studied. A detailed analyses is proposed on the regime implied by the independance of the guarantees and the consequences of such independance from the underlying transactions. The limits of the autonomy of the guarantees are defined and the circumstances under which the payment called for the beneficiary may be refused
Ratsimalahelo, Zaka. "La demande d'investissement avec coûts d'ajustement." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOE001.
Повний текст джерелаThe pontryagin maximum principle is the adequate method for dynamic optimization problems. In the neoclassical theory of investment modified, the adjustment costs allow to suppress a certain dichotomy in lifting the hypothesis of independance of the definition desired capital stock and the process of adjustment of the production capacity realised and the production capacity desired. We take into account in the model the theories of intertemporal disequilibrium and of rational expectations. Other theories of investment : keynes's marginal efficiency of capital and tobin's "q" can fit into an adjustment costs model. We show the advantage of state space for econometric dynamic models and time series. In the rationnal expectations model we show the milits of the wiener-kolmogorov filter approach used by sargent and hansen and of the classical method of wittle used by nerlove, grether and carvalho. We use a time approach to generalize the models of nerlove and abel and blanchard. The application concerns french companies during the period 1970-1988. The results show the persistent role of the profit rate in the explanation of the variation of investment rate
Castro, de Andrade Rafael. "Synthèse de réseau à demande incertaine." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132022.
Повний текст джерелаTCHIKANGWA, MAURICE. "L'evolution de la demande d'energie au cameroun. Essai d'application des modeles de demande au cas du cameroun." Paris 12, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA122010.
Повний текст джерелаMawois, Marie. "Constitution des systèmes de culture maraîchers à proximité d'une ville : quelles marges de manœuvre des agriculteurs pour répondre à une augmentation de la demande ? Cas des systèmes de culture à base de légumes feuilles dans l'espace périurbain de Mahajanga (Madagascar)." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573688.
Повний текст джерелаGarcia, Lorca Federico. "Filtres récursifs temps réel pour la détection de contours : optimisations algorithmiques et architecturales." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112439.
Повний текст джерелаMossier, Jean-Luc. "Calorimétrie de systèmes à forte demande d'oxygène /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1988. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=751.
Повний текст джерелаDadas, Azzedine. "Demande intérieure, croissance et spécialisations comparaisons internationales." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596913b.
Повний текст джерелаZerhat, Pierre, and Maurice Gizardin. "Demande de réparation civile d’un préjudice médical." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA084223.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of our study is to know, about victims of a medical prejudice: What is their social and economic status ? What kind of relationships do they have with other actors (healthcare professionals, jurists, magistrates, experts,. . . ) How do the environmental factors intervene in the origin of the damage? The Means : Datamining of a database including more than 400 demands of civil repair for medical préjudices The Results :The study shows how various the definition of “victim” can be in the actual social evolution. Medicalisation is one of the main characteristics of this evolution. Concerning the problems described in this thesis about the demand of civil repair for a medical prejudice, the authors suggest as a solution the creation of a court specialised in healthcare litigations. This court would include both professional judges and judges who are healthcare professionals. The latters would be elected by their peers through the Ordres and other professionnal organisations
Roy, Nathalie. "Demande effective et équilibre de sous-emploi." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE005.
Повний текст джерелаThe principle of effective demand was introduced by J. M Keynes as a device to explain unemployment equilibrium. However, this principle should be valid in all cases and especially in the "classical case". But, to apply effective demand to the neo-classical framework one needs to introduce a concept of "potential demand" to account for the determination of full employment equilibrium satisfactorily. This new formulation reacts on the understanding of the principle of effective demand; it leads to a unification of the concept of aggregate demand price avoiding the co-existence of two alternative definitions, contrary to Keynes and his commentators. This approach allows to point out the deficiencies of the behavioural explications of unemployment, particularly, the influence of psychological propensions. Nevertheless, two principles in Keynes's thought must be maintained for a structural analysis of effective demand shortage: the insufficiency of expected profits and investment beyond a certain level of activity. Once Keynes's explanations have been discarded, it appears more clearly that an analysis of capital accumulation is a pre-condition for a structural analysis of unemployment. If the evolution of the rate of profit is governed by structural malfunctions whereas the interest rates are determined by supply and demand of funds, the marginal efficiency of capital and the interest rates could follow separate paths. To maintain their profitability, firms will therefore turn towards financial markets and abandon investment projects thus reducing their demand for labour
MUNOZ, RAMIREZ GRACIELA. "Approche cinetique de la demande en ozone." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10213.
Повний текст джерелаCampos, Denise Teles Freire. "Le versant fétichiste de la demande d'enfant." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10021.
Повний текст джерелаDadas, Azzedine. "Demande intérieure, croissance et spécialisations : comparaisons internationales." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL12005.
Повний текст джерелаAdaptation to world's demand jeopardizes employment, production, and trade balance and weakens at a structural level the adjustment of the national production to the domestic demand. The risks, measurable or not, of a market gap policy proves that this adjustment commands the grades of international competitiveness and that the basis of the specialization mecanism is to be found in the growth prospects of the domestic demand. It is thus in the competitiveness restructuration and in the development of one's own domestic demand that economy will find the keys of the required growth. The specialization policy appears thus first as an industrial policy and then as a commercial one and its aim is to maintain, or even recreate, the conditions of a good productive system. Recovery thanks to investments reveales very advantageous for industrial redeployment if these investments are turned towards new technologies and towards an increase in productivity. Efforts must thus be concentrated as well on the human and financial capacities of the firms as on the quality of the technologies to which they have access according to the growth prospects of the national demand which makes intervene profitability and outlets correlatively
Monardo, Julien. "Essais sur l'estimation structurelle de la demande." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN042/document.
Повний текст джерелаEstimation of structural demand models in differentiated product markets plays an important role in economics. It allows to better understand consumers’ choices and, amongst other, to assess the effects of mergers, new products, and changes in regulation. The standard approach consists in specifying a utility model, typically an additive random utility model, computing its demands, and inverting them to obtain inverse demand equations, which will serve as a basis for estimation. However, since these inverse demands have generally no closed form, estimation requires numerical inversion and non-linear optimization, which can be painful and time-consuming. This dissertation adopts a different approach, developing novel inverse demand models, which are consistent with a utility model of heterogeneous consumers. This approach allows to accommodate rich substitution patterns thanks to simple linear regressions with data on market shares, prices and product characteristics. The first chapter of this dissertation develops the inverse product differentiation logit (IPDL) model, which generalizes the nested logit models to allow for richer substitution patterns, including complementarity. It also shows that the IPDL model belongs to the class of generalized inverse logit (GIL) models, which includes a vast majority of additive random utility models that have been used for demand estimation purposes. The second chapter develops the flexible inverse logit (FIL) model, a GIL model that uses a flexible nesting structure with a nest for each pair of products. It shows that the FIL model, projected into product characteristics space, makes the price elasticities depending on product characteristics directly and, using Monte Carlo simulations, that it is able to mimic those from the "flexible" random coefficient logit model. The third chapter studies the micro-foundation of the GIL model. It shows that the restrictions that the GIL model imposes on the inverse demand function are necessary and sufficient for consistency with a model of heterogeneous and utility-maximizing consumers, called perturbed utility model. It also shows that any GIL model yields a demand function that satisfies a slight variant of the Daly-Zachary conditions, which allows to combine substitutability and complementarity in demand
Guelmbaye, Ngarsandje. "Prévision de la demande d'essence au Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25910.
Повний текст джерелаAuboin, Marc. "Le processus international d'innovation financière et son impact sur la politique monétaire de la France, de la Grande-Bretagne et des Etats-Unis." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0011.
Повний текст джерелаThis research aims at presenting clear analytical, theoretical and empirical evidences showing that innovations in international banking have played a dominant role in the recent instabilities of money functions throughout OECD countries and have rendered more difficult the control of monetary aggregates. We are therefore discussing the accuracy of monetarist theories in a changing financial world
Ghadban, Socrat. "Le taux de change et la demande touristique." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937271.
Повний текст джерела