Дисертації з теми "Réparation de lésion pulmonaire"
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Terrien, Xavier. "Implication de l'Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 dans les processus de lésion/réparation de l'alvéole pulmonaire." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003941690204611&vid=upec.
Повний текст джерелаAlveolar epithelial cells proliferation plays a major role in lung repair process. Our laboratory has previously reported the involvement of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in the control of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells proliferation. During this work, I have characterized the induction and the intracellular colocalization of IGFBP-2 and the cell cycle inhibitor p21CIP1 in growth-arrested lung epithelial cells. Moreover, I found the implication of IGFBP-2 in the stimulation of alveolar macrophages maturation. Taken together, these data suggest the importance of IGFBP-2 in alveolar repair process. In addition, the identification of a novel direct interaction between IGFBP-2 or -3 and p21CIP1 suggest a new mechanism of cell cycle control
Meloche, Jolyane. "Nouvelles avenues thérapeutiques dans l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire : un regard sur la réparation des dommages à l'ADN et l'épigénétique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31446.
Повний текст джерелаPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare clinical condition characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right heart failure and death. Histologically, several processes coexist within the pulmonary arteries, including inflammation, vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. Remodeling of the pulmonary vessel is due to abnormal and uncontrolled growth of resident pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). As such, PAH exhibits some cancer-like characteristics. In spite of recent progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in disease development and progression, as well as major improvements in symptomatic treatments, no substantial modification in the fatal course of this disease has been achieved. The mean survival rate is about 60% 5 years after diagnosis. Therefore, the identification of new targets has become mandatory. PAH is associated with sustained inflammation, oxidative stress, shear stress and pseudo-hypoxia, all known to promote DNA damage. Despite these unfavorable environmental conditions, PAH PASMC exhibit increased proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Using a translational approach, we highlighted the role for DNA damage signaling and epigenetic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of PAH. Since PAH shares many hallmarks with cancer, we first studied Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a key enzyme in DNA repair mechanisms and in cell survival in the pathophysiology of PAH. In Chapter 2, we demonstrate that PAH is associated with sustained DNA damage leading to PARP-1 activation. Interestingly, we showed that PARP-1 overexpression triggers the expression and activation of transcription factors known to be implicated in PAH progression, such as HIF-1α (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha) and NFAT (Nuclear factor of activated T-cells). Overexpression of PARP-1 alsoresulted in decreased expression of microRNA miR-204, another key player in the disease. In animal studies, administration of a clinically available PARP-1 inhibitor decreased PAH in two experimental rat models. In addition, PARP-1 inhibitor was more effective than the first-line treatments offered to patients with PAH. In Chapter 3, we investigated the mechanisms by which PARP-1 was overexpressed in PAH. In silico analyses and studies in cancer demonstrated that miR-223 downregulation triggers PARP-1 overexpression. We provided evidence that miR-223 is downregulated in human PAH lungs, distal pulmonary arteries, and isolated PASMC. Furthermore, using a gain and loss of function approach, we showed that increased HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α), which is observed in PAH, triggers this decrease in miR-223 expression and subsequent overexpression of PARP-1 allowing PAH-PASMC proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. We also demonstrated that restoring the expression of miR-223, by using a mimic, allowed to improve pulmonary and cardiac hemodynamic parameters. In Chapter 4, we investigated epigenetic mechanisms downstream of PARP-1 and miR- 204. Interestingly, the epigenetic reader BRD4 (Bromodomain-containing protein 4) is a predicted target of miR-204 and has binding sites on NFAT’s promoter region. In our study, we showed that BRD4 is upregulated in lungs, distal pulmonary arteries and PASMC of PAH patients. Epigenetic readers bind to acetylated histone tails to promote gene transcription. In PAH, we demonstrated that BRD4 increases the expression of oncogenes involved in PAH pathogenesis, such as NFAT, Bcl-2, p21 and Survivin. BRD4 also regulates mitochondrial metabolism of PASMC. Blocking this oncogenic signature led to decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of PAH-PASMC in a BRD4-dependant manner. In addition, pharmacological or molecular inhibition of BRD4 reversed established PAH in a rat model of the disease. In conclusion, these studies showed a key role for DNA damage signaling and epigenetic mechanisms in PAH pathophysiology. Our studies also offer new therapeutic perspectives for patients with PAH.
Maitre, Bernard. "Rôle du système des IGF ans le contrôle de la prolifération des cellules épithéliales de l'alvéole pulmonaire : étude au cours du développement du poumon et lors des processus de lésion-réparation alvéolaires." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD24.
Повний текст джерелаZhai, Ruoyang. "Effects of sevoflurane in the treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome : a translational approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0077.
Повний текст джерелаAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major cause of respiratory failurewith a high mortality rate. It is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, alveolar edema, and hypoxemic respiratory loss which cause heavy healthcare costs. Currently, available treatments for ARDS remain primarily supportive, and no pharmacological approach is successfully translated into clinical application. There are two major processes during the physiopathological development of ARDS that lead to the formation of lung edema:alveolar barrier dysfunction and the impairment of alveolar fluid clearance following alveolar epithelial injury and inflammation. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) was indicated to be involved during those processes, with the high potential of its soluble form as a biomarker for ARDS diagnostic and prognostic. Volatile halogenated agents, such as sevoflurane or isoflurane, are increasingly used in intensive care units as sedative agents with their ideal intrinsic characteristics as a sedative. Furthermore, numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies indicate its lung protective effects for ARDS patients.However, its mechanisms of such beneficial effects remain to be clarified.The main objectives of this thesis work are multiple, through experimental andtranslational in vivo and in vitro models of ARDS, to1) Asses the beneficial lung protective effects of sevoflurane in ARDS, including its effects on ARDS physiological features, lung fluid clearance, and alveolar permeability.2) Investigate the precise mechanism of observed effects of sevoflurane, including mechanistic studies and involved proteins' function and expression.3) Explore the role of RAGE in lung epithelial injury and repair and its eventualmediation role of the beneficial effects of sevoflurane.During this thesis work, we advanced from many angles: First, our work found in ourA549 cells wound healing model, the important role of RAGE in the lung injury repairprocess, as its ligand, HMGB1, and AGEs promoted RAGE-dependent wound healing oflung alveolar epithelial cells, which is possible through enhanced cell migration and proliferation.Secondly, our work in murine in vitro and in vivo ARDS models, animprovement of experimental features, with decreased indices of permeability and preserved epithelial structures in cells and mice, by at least in a part, increasing expression of ZO-1 and the inhibition of RhoA activity and pMLC as well as actin cytoskeleton rearrangement following lung epithelial injury. Additionally, RAGE may play a mediating role in the effects of sevoflurane on acute lung injury. Furthermore, our work in porcine in vivo ARDS models confirmed the lung protective effects of sevoflurane on ARDS features, with improved oxygenation, restored alveolar permeability, and improved AFC. Our study suggests theprotective effect of sevoflurane on AFC may be explained by the restoration of impaired lung expression of epithelial channels AQP-5, Na, K, ATPase, and ENaC during ARDS.Taken together, this thesis work explained more precisely the protective effects ofhalogenated agents and the new revelation of its potential mechanism, and hence supports the high interest in the use of inhaled sedation in intensive care for ARDS patients. This work may give some new insights for research on the effects of sevoflurane on ARDS and its resolution.Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Sevoflurane; Lung epithelial barrierfunction; Lung wound repair; Alveolar fluid clearance; Epithelial channels: Junction proteins;Intracellular pathways; Receptor for advanced glycation end-products
Menoni, Hervé. "La réparation par excision de base d’une lésion oxydative sur des matrices nucléosomales." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0487.
Повний текст джерелаNucleic bases, the support of our genetic information, can be oxidized at any time. The main oxidative lesion , the 8-oxoG, has to be removed from our genome through the base excision repair pathway in order to fight its mutational effect. The glycolase OGG1, which initiate the repair of this lesion has to deal with chromatin. The fist level of this complex structure of DNA can inhibit or be transparent depending on the process involved. We're showing that base excision repair of an 8-oxoG is strongly inhibited by the nucleosome. An ATP-dependant chromatin remodeling without eviction of the octamer or displacement of the nucleosome is possible for the repair of the lesion inside the nucleosome. The excision of 8-oxoG in the linker DNA is inhibited by the secondary structure of the chromatin. The eviction of histone H1 by a histone chaperon facilitate the excisionof 8-oxoG
Plantier, Laurent. "Réparation alvéolaire et emphysème pulmonaire : rôle des systèmes d'alvéologénèse." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462142.
Повний текст джерелаNabeyrat, Elodie. "Acide rétinoïque et réparation de l'épithélium de l'alvéole pulmonaire." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05N052.
Повний текст джерелаPignarre, Louis-Frédéric. "Les obligations en nature et de somme d'argent en droit privé : essai de théorisation à partir d'une distinction." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10068.
Повний текст джерелаFournier, Clément. "Monitorep monitorage intra-thoracique optique de la réparation pulmonaire in vivo." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1514.
Повний текст джерелаVedrenne, Nicolas. "Rôles de différentes populations d'astrocytes dans les mécanismes de réparation après lésion du système nerveux central." Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO330D.
Повний текст джерелаAstrocytes play a key role in central nervous system (CNS) repair, particularly during the formation of the glial scar. After a severe CNS injury, an important extracellular matrix deposition produced by activated astrocytes limits the extension of the lesion but impairs axonal growth impeding the restoration of altered physiological functions. A better understanding of the scar tissue formation and of remodelling processes could therefore help to define new therapeutic approaches. To address this problem, two models in vitro and in vivo have been developped. In vitro, the sedimentation field flow fractionation method allowed us to quickly enrich cortical cell cultures in astrocytes. In addition, this technique was used to isolate different astrocyte populations. One expresses the α-smooth muscle actin isoform and contracts, thus showing a myofibroblast phenotype wich is usually observed in the majority of organs after damage. Another wich strongly expresses vimentin, forms neurospheres wich are able to generate the three major cell types of the CNS (neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes), demonstrating capacities of neural stem cells. In vivo, the model of controlled cortical impact in rats was developped and characterized in order to reproduce the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Using this model, we have shown that treatment with an antisense oligonucleotide directed against TGF-β1 mRNA enables a better functional and cognitive recovery
Sedletska, Yuliya. "Signalisation moléculaire par le système de réparation des mésappariements de l'ADN et l'agent anticancéreux cisplatine : étude des intéractions protéine MutS-composé de lésion du cisplatine." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2013.
Повний текст джерелаLourdin, Morgane. "Etudes biochimiques et structurales de la réparation des lésions multiples de l'ADN." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV007/document.
Повний текст джерелаBrun, Emilie. "Mise en évidence des acteurs impliqués dans le processus de lésion/réparation à la synapse vestibulaire après traumatisme excitotoxique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20089.
Повний текст джерелаExcitotoxicity is a pathological mechanism that usually results from the massive release of glutamate by suffering neurons and that leads to destruction of neural networks as well as cell losses that may severely impact cognitive and motor functions. In the central nervous system the sequence of events that supports this process has been extensively studied and is now the basis for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches to limit the consequences of the phenomenon. In the inner ear, excitotoxic damages may also support in different types of auditory and vestibular disorders such as acoustic traumas, sudden hearing loss, vestibular neuritis or dizziness of ischemic origin. Though the molecular mechanisms that support this type of injury have been well explored at cochlear level, they remain poorly documented in the vestibule. Recent studies by our team have confirmed the involvement of glutamate receptors in the vestibular calyx neurotransmission in normal conditions and also showed histological and functional consequences of excitotoxic damage in the vestibule. They also revealed the potential for spontaneous repair of the vestibular synapses after deafferentation. In present thesis, we aimed at identifying the cellular effectors that control the phenomena of deafferentation and reafferentation. For this purpose, we developed an original study model, which allows tracking histological and functional assessment of biological events involved in these processes. By combining approaches in immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, molecular electrophysiology and pharmacology we demonstrate that both AMPA and NMDA type glutamate receptors are mainly involved in the process of deafferentation. NMDA receptors are also essential for synaptic repair process. The results of this work provide a new light on the role of glutamate receptors in the process of injury / repair of vestibular synapses. The novel observations could directly impact on the ongoing pharmacological protection strategies in the field of the vestibular pathology, and by extension to that of the hearing pathology. In addition, the organotypic culture model of vestibular organ slices may find application for screening new compounds with protective or regenerative properties
Galiacy, Stéphane. "Remaniements de la matrice extracellulaire et protéases de la matrice extracellulaire dans la réparation épithéliale alvéolaire pulmonaire in vitro." Paris 12, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA120002.
Повний текст джерелаDue to its interface position between the body and the environment, the lung is permanently agressed. Thus, repair process are essential part of lung homeostasis. Our hypothesis is that re-epithelialization by type II pneumocytes is a crucial phase of lung repair, which depend on extracellular matrix remodelling proceedings by extracellular matrix proteases, i. E. Metallo and serine proteases. We demonstrated that proteolytic cleavage of type I collagen by collagenaes, and induction of fibronectin and PAI-l by KGF, enhanced wound closure of lung alveolar epithelial in vitro, by increasing cell motility functions. Altogether, these works demonstrated the crucial functions of extracellular matrix rentodelling and extracellular matrix proteaees during proceedings of lung epithelial repair
Bodnar-Wachtel, Mélanie. "Étude du rôle de NLRP3 dans la tumorigenèse pulmonaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10184.
Повний текст джерелаDuring my PhD, I have been interested in the role of the innate immune receptor NLRP3, a key component of the inflammasome, in lung cancer development. Our results show the presence of a functional NLRP3 inflammasome in normal human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). Surprisingly, NLRP3 expression is strongly down-regulated in a large panel of NSCLC cell lines and patient tumors compared to healthy tissue. Moreover, we unravel that NLRP3 contributes to the transcription of H2AFX, the coding gene for the histone variant H2AX, in an inflammasome independent-manner. The deletion of NLRP3 in HBEC impairs double strand break signal amplification and transduction, resulting in a decrease in DNA repair. This repair defect leads to genomic instability, which is increased in lung adenocarcinomas expressing low levels of NLRP3. My PhD work identifies NLRP3 as a key factor of the DNA damage response and genomic integrity maintenance by regulating the transcription of H2AFX. This new role for NLRP3, together with its loss in NSCLC, makes it as a potential tumor suppressor
Marchand-Adam, Sylvain. "Interaction entre les cellules épithéliales et les fibroblastes dans la réparation alvéolaire : application à la fibrose pulmonaire." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002373170204611&vid=upec.
Повний текст джерелаIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lung disease associated with alveolar epithelial injury and delayed repair. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) are growth factors for alveolar epithelial cells that protect from pulmonary fibrosis in animal models. We evaluated in vitro the regulation of HGF and KGF production by human lung fibroblasts from patients with IPF and from controls. Our results demonstrate that IPF fibroblasts have 1/ a defect in HGF production linked to a defect in PGE2 secretion, 2/ a reduced capacity to activate pro-HGF through a reduced expression of its activator (HGFA) and an increased expression of its inhibitors HAI-1 and HAI-2, and 3/ a dysregulation of KGF secretion through the weak response to IL-1β associated with a defect of expression and activation of c-Jun and JNK. In conclusion, the failure to generate "good" mediators that promote repair and prevent fibrosis could play a significant role in the pathophysiology of IPF
Quesnel, Christophe. "Participation des fibroblastes et des fibrocytes aux mécanismes de réparation pulmonaire au cours des agressions alvéolaires aiguës." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0055.
Повний текст джерелаAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe form of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage followed by a phase of alveolar repair necessary to recovery. Although lung fibroblasts are key players in this repair process, their characteristics and functions remain poorly understood in humans during ALI/ARDS. The hypothesis of our studies was that effective alveolar repair requires a regulated recruitment of fibroblasts and fibrocytes (circulating mesenchymal precursors of hematopoietic origin) to the lung, as well as a tight regulation of their functions by the alveolar inflammatory environment. The main results of our works have shown that: 1) The alveolar lavage fluid (BAL) from ALI/ARDS patients stimulated the production of Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF) by fibroblasts, both of which were involved in epithelial repair. This production was mainly induced by IL-1ß via an autocrine COX2/PGE2 dependant loop. 2) The alveolar fibroblasts cultured from BAL fluids of ALI/ARDS patients demonstrated an activated phenotype, characterized by an increase of both collagen 1 production and ability to migrate. A positive BAL fibroblast cell culture was associated with reduced markers of inflammation and reduced ventilation duration of ALI/ARDS patients. 3) BAL fluids from ALI/ARDS patients modulated fibroblast migration. This effect was related to a balance between activation and inhibition of migration involving the PDGF signaling pathway. The soluble form of the PDGF a receptor (PDGF-sRa) participated in the BAL inhibitory chemotactic activity. An increased chemotactic ability of BAL from ALI/ARDS patients was associated with higher mortality. 4) Excessive recruitment of fibrocytes is associated with poor prognosis. After adjustment of clinical and biological covariates (Cox model), a percentage of fibrocytes higher than 6% of total BAL cells is associated with a prolonged ventilation duration and an increased mortality. Taken together, our works demonstrate for the first time that fibroblasts and fibrocytes are directly associated with prognosis in ALI/ARDS. Fibroblasts are essential to lung healing, but their excessive recruitment may have a negative impact on prognosis. The data presented in this thesis may help identify new therapeutic targets and suggest new biomarkers to consider in the management of ALI/ARDS
Garat, Chrystelle. "Rôle des cellules alvéolaires épithéliales dans le transport transépithélial de fluide et dans la réparation de l'épithélium alvéolaire après agression." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120027.
Повний текст джерелаBriot, Raphaël. "Mesures répétées de la perméabilité capillaro-alvéolaire à une macromolécule au cours de modèles de lésion pulmonaire inflammatoire chez le chien." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10067.
Повний текст джерелаWe developed a new modality of broncho-alveolar lavage technique to measure repeatedly in vivo (every 15 min. During 3. 5 h), the capillary-alveolar permeability to a macromolecule (FlTC-dextran). Following a pre-clinical model of oleic acid lung injury, capillary-alveolar permeability to FlTC-dextran reaches a peak within 30 minutes. Thereafter the permeability decreases slowly until the end of the experiment. We assessed the effects of terbutaline, a β2-agonist assumed to reduce in vitro the microvascular permeability in acute lung injury. Terbutaline infusion started 10 min. After oleic acid injury did not change the time course of permeability. Terbutaline infusion started 90 min. After injury interrupted the recovery with an aggravation in permeability. As cardia index and pulmonary capillary pressure increased with terbutaline infusion, we speculate that terbutaline recruits leaky capillaries and increases FlTC-dextran permeability during late recovery from oleic acid injury
Méar, Jean-Baptiste. "Etude de la modulation de la virulence de Pseudomonas aeruginosa par Candida albicans dans un modèle de pneumonie." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S013/document.
Повний текст джерелаPseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans are two pathogens frequently encountered in the intensive care unit microbial community. We have demonstrated that C. albicans airway exposure protected against P. aeruginosa-induced lung injury. The goal of this study was to characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated to C. albicans-induced protection. Airway exposure by C. albicans led to the recruitment and activation of NK cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILC), macrophages and dendritic cells. This recruitment was associated with the secretion of IL-22 whose neutralization abolished C. albicans-induced protection. We identified, by flow cytometry, ILCs as the only cellular source of IL-22. Depletion of ILCs by anti-CD90.2 antibodies was associated with a decreased IL-22 secretion and an impaired survival after P. aeruginosa challenge. Our results demonstrate that production of IL-22, mainly by ILCs, is a major and inducible step in protection against P. aeruginosa-induced lung injury. This cytokine may represent a clinical target in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced lung injury
Courboulin, Audrey. "Un microarn au coeur de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30417/30417.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the obstruction of the pulmonary arteries, mainly due to the pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotype of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). The progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance first leads to an increase of pulmonary pressure and then leads to a right heart failure, which generates patient’s death within few years. Many studies demonstrated the implication of the transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cell), which maintains the pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotype in PAH-PASMC. However, pathways that lead to the constitutive NFAT activation remain unclear. During my doctorate, I studied mechanisms responsible for the activiation of NFAT in HTAP. We study the role of the microRNA and more exactly to miR-204. Thus, the circulating factors, which are increased in PAH and which decreased miR-204 expression in PAH, via the transcription factor STAT3 activation. Through a positive regulation loop mechanism, the decrease of miR-204 induces an overactivation sustain of STAT3 leading to the pathologique phenotype. Thus, the exogenous increase of miR-204 could treat PAH in vitro as well as in vivo. We demonstrated that miR-204 is able to modulate the expression of the transcription factor Runx2 known to be implicated in calcification. In PAH-PASMC, the decrease of miR-204 is associated to an increase of Runx2 expression, known as positive regulator of the HIF-1 activation implicated in PAH. Thus miR-204 modulations affected the proliferation and apoptosis of PAH-PASMC through many molecular axes. Finaly we reveal the implication of the transcription factor Kruppel Like Factor 5 (KLF5) in PAH. The KLF5 overexpressed in PAH is associated to the STAT3 activation, wherease its inhibition decreased the proliferation and promoted apoptosis in PAH-PASMC. In vivo, si KLF5 reversed PAH by decreasing pulmonary pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, proliferation and increasing apoptosis in PASMC from distal PA. Finally, I studied many aspects implicated in PAH development and especially the STAT3/NFAT axis activation. We showed that targeting this pathway using many technics (mimic miR-204, siRunx2, siSTAT3, siKLF5) seem to be an interesting strategy to treat PAH. Key words: Pulmonary arterial hypertension, therapeutic, proliferation, apoptosis, microRNA, and transcription factor.
Lampron, Marie-Claude. "Implication de PIM1 dans la réparation de l'ADN par la jonction d'extrémités non-homologues en hypertension artérielle pulmonaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29957.
Повний текст джерелаRATIONALE: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by the narrowing of pulmonary arteries (PA) due to vascular remodeling. It is now established that this phenotype is associated with enhanced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. This phenotype is sustained in part by the activation of several DNA repair pathways allowing PASMC to survive despite the environmental stresses seen in PAH. PIM1 is an oncoprotein upregulated in PAH and that has been implicated in many pro-survival pathways in cancer, including DNA repair. PIM1 inhibitors, like SGI-1776, are already in clinical trials in cancer and could thus be beneficial to PAH patients. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the implication of PIM1 in the DNA damage response and the beneficial effect of its inhibition by SGI-1776 in human PAH-PASMC and in rat preclinical model of PAH. METHODS/RESULTS: Using western blot we showed in both human PAH lungs (n=10) and PAH-PASMC (n=5) a significant upregulation of PIM1 compared to control donor (n=5). PIM1 upregulation in PAH was associated with a significant activation of DNA damage sensor (γH2AX), which is critical for DNA repair initiation. We showed that PIM1 inhibition using SGI-1776 (1,3, and 5μM) significantly impaired DNA repair capacity in PASMC (n=4) with a significant repression of Ku70, DNA-PKcs, and γH2AX and decreased ATM expression. We showed no diminution of DNA damage with SGI-1776 treatment (Comet Assay, n=3). As expected, the lack of DNA repair in SGI-1776 treated PAH-PASMC lead to a significant reduction in proliferation (Ki67 n=3; p<0.05) and resistance to apoptosis (AnnexinV assay n=3; p<0.05). In vivo, SGI-1776 10mg*kg-1 given 3 times a week, improves significantly (n=30; p<0.05) monocrotaline-induced PH (decreased RVSP, mean PA pressures and vascular remodeling). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated for the first time that PIM1 is implicated in DNA repair signaling in PAH-PASMC and that repressing its activity everses PAH both in vitro and in vivo.
Sedletska, Yuliya. "Signalisation moléculaire par le système de réparation des mésappariements de l'ADN et l'agent anticancéreux cisplatine : étude des interactions protéine MutS-composé de lésion du cisplatine." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00387491.
Повний текст джерелаRaoul, William. "Effets des facteurs angiogéniques et des cellules progénitrices dans la réparation de la barrière alvéolo-capillaire au cours des agressions pulmonaires aiguës." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002323810204611&vid=upec.
Повний текст джерелаLung is highly exposed to a variety of injuries and the aims of our work were to study acute lung injury and following repair, particularly in the endothelium lining the alveolar wall. Using murine vascular agression models (hyperoxia and monocrotaline pyrrole systemic injection), we study the effect of adenoviral-mediated growth factor overexpression (fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor) and whole bone marrow derived progenitor cells infusion. Results show beneficial effect of these two approaches with more or less marked lung endothelium targeting. Future directions will focus on endothelial cell progenitor ex vivo culture and transfection as well as characterization of the fate of these cells in the injured lung
Planchard, David. "MAP Kinases et protéines de réparation dans les cancers pulmonaires non à petites cellules." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T113.
Повний текст джерелаGely-Pernot, Aurore. "Implication des protéines vitamine K-dépendantes dans la régulation de l'activité des cellules souches du cerveau et dans la réparation de la lésion rétinienne chez le rongeur adulte." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Gely-Pernot-Aurore/2009-Gely-Pernot-Aurore-These.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаVitamin K-dependent protein (VKDPs) is a family of proteins known for their involvement in the regulation of blood coagulation. Their activity depends on post-translational modification, the γ-carboxylation, witch is inhibited by warfarin. Two VKDPs, protein S and Gas6 have been identified as ligands of TAM receptor tyrosine kinase family. The study lead in mice invalidated for these receptors suggests the involvement of VKDPs in neurogenesis. In rodents, neurogenesis provided by neural stem cells (NSC) persists into adulthood in several brain regions including the subventricular zone (SVZ). My thesis had the main objective to understand the effect of VKDPs on NSC activity of the SVZ but also the involvement of Gas6 protein in retinogenesis. Our results show that the inhibition of VKDPs secretion by warfarin stimulates NSC proliferation. In addition, we show that TAM receptors and their ligands are expressed by NSC and in CSF, that exogenous protein S reverses the warfarin effects and that absence of Gas6 protein in Gas6-/ - mice induced a reduction of NSC proliferation. All these results revealed the involvement of VKDPs in the regulation of NSC proliferation. The second part of this work shows that NSC have a basal phagocytosis activity that is stimulated by protein S. The third part of this work shows that Gas6-/- mice subject to a retinal lesion, cell proliferation to repair the damage is less important than in wild mice
Buchsbaum, Samuel. "Régulation du facteur de réplication de l'ADN MCM7 par poly-ubiquitinylation : rôles d'Int6 et BRCA1." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120941.
Повний текст джерелаOlland, Anne. "Intérêt des microparticules pour l'étude de l'ischémie reperfusion en tranplantation pulmonaire basé sur un modèle de perfusion ventilation pulmonaire ex vivo chez le rat." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ035.
Повний текст джерелаLung ischemia reperfusion and its clinical expression as primary graft dysfunction are provider of immediate and long term morbidity and mortality for patients. We aimed at demonstrating the usefulness and relevance of microparticles as biomarkers for lung ischemia reperfusion injury. We first reproduced an ex vivo rat lung perfusion and ventilation experimental model. Stability of the model was validated for normal conditions (no ischemia before reperfusion) as well as for extreme conditions (1 hour warm ischemia before reperfusion). The generation of microparticles was studied in that model for variable conditions of cold ischemia and for warm ischemia. Lung submitted to strong ischemic injury (20hours cold ischemia) generate an early pike of microparticles originated from leukocyes, endothelial cells, and epithelial alveolar cells. We may conclude the ex vivo model of rat lung perfusion and ventilation is relevant for the study of lung ischemia reperfusion injury. Microparticles are relevant markers of rat lung ischemia reperfusion injury in our model
Ruffin, Manon. "Caractérisation du canal chlorure ANO1 au niveau pulmonaire dans la mucoviscidose et étude de son implication dans la réparation de l’épithélium des voies aériennes." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066167.
Повний текст джерелаCystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelium is constantly subjected to injury events due to chronic infection and inflammation. CF airway epithelium repair is abnormal and induces a tissue remodeling which contributes to the lung function decline of CF patients. To offset the CFTR chloride (Cl-) channel deficiency in CF, it has been proposed to activate an alternative route for Cl- secretion. In 2008, ANO1 (anoctamin 1) protein has been identified as responsible of Ca2+-activated Cl- conductance (CaCC). ANO1 has not been characterized in CF airways but recent evidence indicates a role for ANO1 in proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Thus, our main objectives were to study ANO1 in non-CF and CF airway and to assess ANO1 involvement in airway epithelial repair We first showed that cell proliferation and migration during repair are delayed in CF compared to non-CF bronchial epithelial cells. We then established that ANO1 Cl- channel activity was significantly decreased in CF compared to non-CF bronchial epithelial cells. To explain this decrease in CF cells, we compared ANO1 expression in non-CF and CF bronchial epithelial cell lines, primary cells, airways of wild-type and F508del mice and lung explants from non-CF and CF patients. In all these models, ANO1 expression was markedly lower in CF compared to non-CF. Finally, we established that ANO1 inhibition or overexpression were associated respectively with decreases and increases in cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, our results suggest that ANO1 dysregulation contributes to abnormal CF bronchial epithelial repair and secondly, that ANO1 correction may improve lung tissue repair in cystic fibrosis patients
Prunet, Bertrand. "Contusion pulmonaire : aspects physiopathologiques et conséquences thérapeutiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5001.
Повний текст джерелаPulmonary contusion is often associated with hemorrhagic shock, constituting a challenge in trauma care. For patients who have sustained lung contusions, fluid resuscitation should be carefully performed, because injured lungs are particularly vulnerable to massive fluid infusions with an increased risk of pulmonary edema and compliance impairment. Fluid administration should be included in an optimized and goal directed resuscitation, based on blood pressure objectives and hemodynamical monitoring. The use of fluids with high volume-expanding capacities (hypertonic saline, colloids) is probably interesting, as well as early introduction of vasopressors. Hemodynamic monitoring will allow to conduct resuscitation on blood pressure objectives, on preload parameters and on extravascular lung water measurement.Our work, based on experimental and clinical studies, objective to characterize the current modalities of ventilatory and hemodynamical aspect of pulmonary contusion care
Turgeon, Bianca. "La réparation des lésions professionnelles et l'action des décideurs de premier niveau à la Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail : quelle marge de manoeuvre?" Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8597.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract : This aim of this study is to expose the legal limits and organisational factors which may affect decision-makers' discretion in the context of the employment injuries compensation system in the province of Québec. The findings of this study align with some empirical studies concerning different social security regimes in other jurisdictions from which it is inspired. Indeed, it reveals that administrative discretion is inevitable. It describes and comments the management techniques implemented in the organization. It also describes the particular functions of two categories of street-level workers, the agents d'indemnisation and the conseillers en réadaptation, in order to identify the matters about which they may use their judgment or exercise a discretion, as well as the particular decision-making processes that occur at the front lines of service delivery. It shows how the administrative structure concurs to the respect of the clients rights but may neverheless undermine the processes fairness.
Biola-Clier, Mathilde. "Génotoxicité et impact de nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane sur la réparation de l’ADN dans des cellules alvéolaires pulmonaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV004/document.
Повний текст джерелаTitanium dioxide (TiO2) belongs to the top nanoparticles (NPs) most produced worldwide. This raises the question of their impact on human health, especially through inhalation, which is the main exposure route in occupational settings. It was previously shown in vitro that these NPs induce DNA damage and impair DNA repair activity. The aim here is to study the underlying toxicity mechanisms, in human A549 epithelial alveolar cells exposed to 1-100 µg/ml TiO2 NPs during 4-48 h. The expression of 40 genes and 6 proteins involved in DNA repair was investigated by RT-qPCR and western-blotting. The impact of TiO2 NPs on upstream regulators such as the methylation rate of some corresponding gene promoters, proteasome activity and cellular signaling through phosphorylation was assayed as well. Moreover cyto-/geno-toxicity and DNA repair gene expression patterns were compared with those of BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. Results show a global down-regulation of genes and proteins in all DNA repair pathways. This could be partly explained by the down-regulation of transcriptional regulators and increased gene promoter methylation and caspase-like proteasome activity. TiO2 NPs also scramble the phosphoproteome. While invisible on a global scale, this dysregulation affects numerous proteins involved in diverse cellular processes, which reflect the toxicity pathways reported for these NPs. Although cell proliferation is unaffected, a significant impact is observed on cell cycle, as well as on a few proteins involved in DNA repair. Finally cyto-/geno-toxicity and DNA repair gene expression profiles are similar in both A549 and BEAS-2B cells, thereby strengthening the relevance of using any of these cell lines in nanomaterial genotoxicity studies. On the whole these data bring novel insights into TiO2-NP toxicity mechanisms, which could especially explain the previously observed impairment of DNA repair activity
Moussallem, Mazen. "Optimisation de la délimitation automatique des tumeurs pulmonaires à partir de l'imagerie TEP/TDM pour les planifications dosimétriques des traitements par radiothérapie." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864905.
Повний текст джерелаPauchard, Laure-Anne. "Analyse et modulation de la réponse inflammatoire au cours de l'agression pulmonaire liée à l'infection bactérienne et à la ventilation mécanique." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOMU05/document.
Повний текст джерелаDespite major advances since decades in the management of ventilated patients, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) continues to complicate the course of approximately 28% of the patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV). Among patients hospitalized in intensive care units, the risk of pneumonia is 3- to 10- fold increased in MV patients. However, MV is often the only way to care for critically ill patients with respiratory failure. It has now been clearly demonstrated that MV, in particular adverse ventilatory strategies could activate lung cells, thus leading to a proinflammatory response, even in the absence of pathogen. This is the biotrauma paradigm, which accounts, at least in part, for the ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). In one way, MV primes airway cells to respond massively to a second proinflammatory insult, through the subsequent release of large amounts of cytokines (as interleukin (IL)‐ 8), thus leading to additional lung injury, particularly through the recruitment of neutrophils attracted by the massive release of IL-8. Accordingly, innate immunity plays an important role in the developement of VILI. The involvement of Toll-like receptors has been suggested by several experimental studies. Ventilation in the prone position (PP) has been described to have beneficial effects on patients under MV, especially in those with lobar involvement. Our team focused particularly on the TLR2, which interacts with Gram-positive bacteria, and we have previously demonstrated in vitro that cyclic stretch of human pulmonary cells resulted in TLR2 overexpression and enhanced TLR2 reactivity to Gram-positive cell wall components. We confirmed these datas in an in vivo model of ventilated rabbits which immune response had been stimulated with Pam3CSK4. In a first project, we assessed the impact of the PP on unilateral pneumonia to Enterobacter aerogenes in rabbits subjected to MV. Our results shows that the prone position could be protective if the host is subjected to MV and unilateral bacterial pneumonia. To ensure the relevance of our hypothesis on TLR2 in our animal model of VAP, we conducted experiments using live bacteria specifically recognized by TLR2 (Methicilin resist. aureus). We demonstrate that mild-‐stretch MV impaired lung bacterial clearance, hastened tissue injury and promoted a systemic inflammatory response. Both pulmonary and peripheral blood TLR2 overexpression could account for such an impact. The third project assessed the impact of a statins therapy in the context of MRSA VAP, treated with linezolid, in our model of ventilated rabbits. Our results suggest that statin exposure prior to pneumonia provides an anti-‐inflammatory effect within the lung and the systemic compartment of rabbits with MRSA VAP. Although LNZ enhances pulmonary bacterial clearance, dampening the host systemic inflammatory response with statin could impede defense against MRSA in this compartment. It could be subsequent to enhanced antibacterial defences and improvements in lung mechanics, thereby blunting overwhelming inflammation. In the last project, in collaboration with the University of Geneva, we assessed whether mitochondrial alarmins are released during VILI and can generate lung inflammation. Our results confirmed the hypothesis made and showed indeed that alarmins are released during during cyclic stretch of human epithelial cells, as well as in BAL fluids from rabbits ventilated with an injurious ventilatory regimen. These alarmins stimulate lung cells to produce bioactive IL-‐1, and are likely to represent the proximal endogenous mediators of VILI and ARDS, released by injured pulmonary cells
Preira, Pascal. "Etude microfluidique de la rigidité leucocytaire liée au syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue (SDRA)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe project consists in using microfluidic devices to test human leukocyte behavior in microcirculation. Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a disease that affects numerous patients in intense care services with a rate of death 50%. It is triggered to the sequestration of neutrophils within the lung microvasculature. There is neither diagnostic nor efficient treatment now. We study the properties of the passage of THP-1, and real neutrophils in micro-channels of width 6µm. In order to improve the understanding of SDRA, we also incubate models cells in patient's serums who are suffering from ARDS and diagnostic tools are being developed in collaboration with the hospitals of Marseille
Jabaudon, Gandet Matthieu. "Approche translationnelle de la voie RAGE au cours du syndrôme de détresse respiratoire aiguë : implications diagnostiques, physiopathologiques et thérapeutiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM09.
Повний текст джерелаThe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with diffuse alveolarinjury leading to increased permeability pulmonary edema and hypoxemic respiratory failure. Despite recent improvements in intensive care, ARDS is still frequent and associated with high mortality and morbidity. Two major features of ARDS may contribute to mortality and response to treatment: impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), i.e. altered capacity of the alveolar epithelium to remove edema fluid from distal lung airspaces, and phenotypes of severe inflammation. Pharmacological approaches of ARDS treatment are limited and further mechanistic explorations are needed to develop innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a multiligand pattern recognition receptor that is abundantly expressed by lung alveolar epithelial cells andmodulates several cellular signaling pathways. There is growing evidence supporting sRAGE (the main soluble isoform of RAGE) as a marker of epithelial cell injury, and RAGE may be pivotal in ARDS pathophysiology through the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory responses. Our objectives were to characterize the roles of RAGE in ARDS through a translational approach combining preclinical and clinical studies. First, observational and interventional clinical studies were conducted to test sRAGE as a biomarker during ARDS.Then, cultures of epithelial cells, macrophages and a mouse model of acidinduced lung injury were used to describe the effects of RAGE pathway on AFC and inflammation, with special emphasis on a macrophage activation through NodLikeReceptor family, Pyrindomain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Acidinjured mice were treated with an antiRAGE monoclonal antibody or recombinant sRAGE to test the impact of RAGE inhibition on criteria of experimental ARDS. Results from clinical studies support a role of sRAGE as a biomarker of ARDS, withdiagnostic, prognostic and predictive values. In addition, plasma sRAGE is correlated with a lung imaging phenotype of nonfocal ARDS and could inform on therapeutic response. Herein, we also describe in vivo and in vitro effects of RAGE activation on transepithelial fluid transport and expression levels of epithelial channels (aquaporin 5, αNa,KATPaseandαENaC) and on macrophage activation through NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, RAGE inhibition improves AFC and decreases lung injury in vivo. Taken together, our findings support a role of RAGE pathway in the regulation of lung injury, AFC and macrophage activation during ARDS, albeit precise regulatory mechanisms remain uncertain. sRAGE has most features of a validated biomarker that could be used in clinical medicine, but whether it may help to identify subgroups (or phenotypes) of patients that would benefit from tailored therapy remains underinvestigated. Modulation ofRAGE pathway may be a promising therapeutic target, and though validation studies are warranted, such findings may ultimately open novel diagnostic and therapeutic perspectivesin patients with ARDS
Barbar, Saber Davide. "Impact de la ventilation mécanique sur la réponse inflammatoire médiée par les Toll-like receptors 2 et 4 dans un modèle de pneumopathie bactérienne." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS039/document.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is common in patients subjected to mechanical ventilation (MV). Cyclic stretch subsequent to MV could prime the lung toward an inflammatory response if exposed to bacteria. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogens thus triggering immunity. MV could modulate TLRs expression and responsiveness to agonists. The prone position (PP) reduces lung stretch.Methods:TLR2 levels and response to the TLR2 ligands were measured in human pulmonary cells submitted to cyclic stretch, and either spontaneously breathing (SB) or MV rabbits. Ex vivo stimulation of whole blood taken from SB or MV rabbits was performed.Enterobacter aerogenes pneumonia was induced in rabbits subjected to MV and kept supine or turned to the PP. Results: Cyclic stretch of human cells as well as rabbitsÕ lung increased both TLR2 levels and inflammatory response to its agonist. MV and airways exposure to TLR2 ligands acted synergistically in causing lung injury.A decrease of lung bacterial clearance and a greater likelihood of bacteremia were observed in MV rabbits with S. aureus pneumonia. Circulating cytokines rose significantly only in these animals. MV induced TLR2 spleen overexpression. Whole blood obtained from MV animals released larger amounts of cytokines after stimulation. PP was associated with lower levels of bacterial concentrations and inflammation. Conclusions: MV sensitizes the lung to bacterial TLR2 ligands, alters lung bacterial clearance, promotes lung injury and inflammation. Both pulmonary and peripheral blood stretch-induced TLR2 overexpression could account at least in part for such differences. The PP could be protective
Melançon, Martine. "Le processus d'investigation d'une lésion pulmonaire suspecte de néoplasie tel que vécu et décrit par des individus." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7775.
Повний текст джерелаRichard, Chloé. "Modulation du transport des fluides lors de lésions pulmonaires induites par la transplantation pulmonaire : études des mécanismes expliquant l'absence de réponse aux [bêta]-agonistes." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15392.
Повний текст джерелаBriot, Raphael. "MESURES RÉPÉTÉES DE LA PERMÉABILITÉ CAPILLARO-ALVÉOLAIRE A UNE MACROMOLÉCULE AU COURS DE MODÈLES DE LÉSION PULMONAIRE INFLAMMATOIRE CHEZ LE CHIEN." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184981.
Повний текст джерелаNous avons testé les effets de la terbutaline, un β2-agoniste réputé réduire in vitro l'augmentation de perméabilité dans les lésions pulmonaires inflammatoires. Une perfusion de terbutaline débutée 10 min. après la lésion à l'AO ne modifie pas l'évolution de la perméabilité. Une perfusion tardive de terbutaline (90 min. après la lésion) aggrave la perméabilité. Comme l'index cardiaque et la pression capillaire augmentent au cours de la perfusion de terbutaline, nous supposons que la terbutaline recrute des capillaires lésés et aggrave la perméabilité à la phase tardive de la lésion à l'AO.
Chandor-Proust, Alexia. "Réparation de l'ADN par une protéine « Radical-SAM » : Etude de la Spore Photoproduct Lyase." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376741.
Повний текст джерелаradicalaire, initié par la formation du radical 5'-désoxyadénosyle issu de la coupure homolytique de la S-Adénosylméthionine par le centre [4Fe-4S] réduit. Dans ce travail, nous avons effectué une caractérisation biochimique et spectroscopique des SPL de Clostridium acetobutylicum et Bacillus subtilis. Par ailleurs, nous avons synthétisé un substrat minimum sous la forme d'un dinucléoside monophosphate appelé SPTpT, pour lequel une caractérisation structurale par RMN a été réalisée. Le SPTpT est reconnu et efficacement réparé par l'enzyme, ce qui nous a permis d'obtenir de nouvelles informations sur le mécanisme enzymatique de réparation. Enfin, la séquence primaire des SPL contient une 4e cystéine conservée, essentielle à la réparation, mais qui n'est pas impliquée dans la coordination du centre [Fe-S]. Nous nous sommes intéressés au rôle de cette cystéine dans le mécanisme de réparation grâce à l'étude biochimique et enzymatique du mutant SPLC141A.
Bdioui, Friha. "La reconnaissance, à des fins de réparation, des maladies professionnelles pulmonaires liées à l'amiante au Québec." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2379/1/M11084.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBruno, Gabriella. "Le droit à la réparation des lésions professionnelles des travailleurs soumis à une obligation de disponibilité : une analyse jurisprudentielle longitudinale." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12509.
Повний текст джерелаThe concept of worker availability requirements refers to instances in which workers are required to be available to their employers outside of standard work hours (off-duty). Due to several factors, especially the internationalization of markets, financialisation of the economy, and the development of information and communication technology, this normative requirement is inadequately regulated by current legislation in Quebec. Therefore, our research evaluates the extent that the Loi sur les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles addresses availability requirements imposed on workers in the province. To this end, we carried out qualitative and quantitative analyses of decisions made by the Commission d’appel en matière de lésions professionnelles and Commission des lésions professionnelles between 1995 and 2014. From a sociological perspective, we attempted to produce different categories of off-duty availability requirements, and to discern whether an augmentation in the number of decisions concerning availability requirements has taken place over time. Finally, we examined the extent that workers benefit from the rights provided by the L.a.t.m.p. when injuries occur during off-duty hours in which workers are required to be available. Our results demonstrate that many categories of availability requirements can be developed related to the period of time during when such obligation occurs. Furthermore, these requirements are also linked to individuals’ status as self-employed workers. Finally, it seems that the recognition of workers’ employment injuries vary along these categories. However, our results also suggest that there exists no positive trend in the number of decisions concerning worker availability requirements over time.
Parent, Sébastien. "Les conséquences juridiques de la coexistence de l’obligation d’accommodement raisonnable et du régime public de réparation des lésions professionnelles." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18632.
Повний текст джерелаSuite à l’étude de la genèse de deux régimes occupant une place fondamentale en droit du travail québécois, soit le régime public de réparation des lésions professionnelles institué par la Loi sur les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles, et l’obligation d’accommodement raisonnable, issue du droit à l’égalité consacré à l’article 10 de la Charte québécoise, ce mémoire s’intéresse au déploiement du conflit normatif et du conflit juridictionnel découlant de l’évolution en parallèle de ces deux sources d’obligations pour les employeurs, dont l’objet est la réintégration et le maintien du lien d’emploi du salarié atteint d’un handicap. Cette étude propose ensuite d’explorer les conséquences juridiques de la solution retenue par la Cour d’appel du Québec, dans l’arrêt Caron rendu en juin 2015, laquelle décide de juxtaposer une obligation d’accommodement raisonnable au régime public de réparation des lésions professionnelles. Ainsi, ce mémoire met en évidence les conséquences en droit constitutionnel canadien et quasi constitutionnel québécois de la démarche utilisée dans l’arrêt Caron et des résultats auxquels elle a conduit, en recentrant la place du droit à l’égalité en droit public et en discutant de ses impacts sur la séparation des pouvoirs. En outre, ce revirement jurisprudentiel engendre maintes difficultés au regard de la particularité du droit administratif, plus spécifiquement quant au rôle et aux pouvoirs limités de la C.N.E.S.S.T. et du T.A.T.-D.S.S.T. Enfin, cette analyse fait ressortir que la solution retenue par la Cour d’appel porte atteinte à l’équilibre que s’efforce de maintenir ce régime public reposant sur un important compromis social.
Following the review of the genesis of two fundamental regimes in Quebec labour law, the public system that provides repairs to injured workers, established by the Act respecting industrial accidents and occupational diseases, and the duty to provide reasonable accommodation arising from the right to equality under section 10 of the Quebec Charter, this thesis focuses on the development of the normative conflict and the jurisdictional conflict stemming from the parallel evolution of these two sources of obligations for employers. Both of these are based on the reinstatement of disabled workers and the continuation of their employment relationship. This study proposes to explore the legal consequences of the solution adopted by the Quebec Court of Appeal in Caron’s case, dated June 2015, in which the Court decided to overlay the employer’s duty to accommodate onto the Workers’ Compensation public system. Thus, emphasizing on the role that the right to equality plays in public law and discussing its impact on the separation of powers, this thesis shows the consequences from the approach used in the Caron judgment and its particular results through Canadian constitutional and Quebec quasi-constitutional principles. Furthermore, this significant change gives rise to many difficulties regarding the particularities of administrative law, and more specifically, the role and the limited powers of C.N.E.S.S.T. and T.A.T.-D.S.S.T. Finally, this analysis highlights that the solution held by the Court of Appeal infringes on the balance attempted by the public system based on an important social compromise.