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1
Dubois, Shawn, Kerry Klein, and Marlène Villemure. "Viability of renewable technologies from marine derived energy as global sources of electricity." McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v3i1.128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to dwindling natural resources and continually increasing energy demands, renewable energy may be the solution to the world’s future energy needs. The oceans represent a large reservoir of energy and marine derived renewable energy may in turn represent a significant source of global electricity. In particular, the marine renewables reviewed in this study are ocean thermal energy conversion and wave energy. Unlike more mainstream renewables, little research has been undertaken to determine the capabilities of these technologies. However, the authors believe that these technologies have the potential to contribute significantly to the global energy market. Global potential maps for each technology were constructed using analysis of data sets provided by the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (Columbia University) and a Geographic Information System. These show the best viability of OTEC to be concentrated around the Equator, where the vertical ocean temperature gradients are at least 20°C/km, and that the most suitable areas for wave power are concentrated between the latitudes of roughly 40 to 60° N and S, where surface wind speeds average at least 8 m/s. Given these areas, gross potential outputs were calculated to be 605 TW for OTEC and 3368 TW for wave power, 1% of which is still greater than the global electricity demand (13.2 PWh, or 1.51 TW of power, in 2000 (EIA, 2007)). These results are promising, but they do not reflect technological, sociological and economical limitations. The environmental impacts of these technologies may range from local effects on ecosystems and biodiversity to long-term global climate and oceanic implications. Compared to modern non-renewable energy sources, these technologies have no significant greenhouse gas emissions. Given the globally significant potential outputs and limited environmental impacts of OTEC and wave energy, it is clear that marine renewable energy technologies are viable as future sources of electricity.
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Simões, Marcelo G., Felix A. Farret, Hosna Khajeh, Mahdi Shahparasti, and Hannu Laaksonen. "Future Renewable Energy Communities Based Flexible Power Systems." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010121.
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This paper presents a new holistic approach that combines solutions for the future power systems. It describes clearly how solar energy is definitely the best outlet for a clean and sustainable planet, either due to their use in both vertical (V) or horizontal (H) forms such as: hydroelectric V&H, wind V&H, thermo-oceanic V&H, water movement sea V&H (tides and waves), solar thermoelectric, PV, and surface geothermal energy. New points of view and simple formulas are suggested to calculate the best characteristic intensity, storage means and frequency for specific places and how to manage the most well-known renewable sources of energy. Future renewables-based power system requires a huge amount of flexibility from different type and size of controllable energy resources. These flexible energy resources can be used in an aggregated manner to provide different ancillary services for the distribution and transmission network. In addition, flexible energy resources and renewable generation can be utilized in different kinds of energy communities and smart cities to benefit all stakeholders and society at the same time with future-proof market structures, new business models and management schemes enabling increased utilization of flexible energy resources. Many of the flexible energy resources and renewable-based generation units are also inverter-interfaced and therefore the authors present future power converter systems for energy sources as well as the latest age of multilevel converters.
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Aurangzeb, Muhammad, Ai Xin, Muhammad Fawad Chughtai, Muhammad Zeshan Afzal, and Fawwad Hassan Jaskani. "Voltage Source Converter based Grid Integrated Performance of Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources." International journal of Engineering Works 9, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34259/ijew.22.910173180.
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Elistratov, V. V. "Water conservation storage of the energy of renewable sources." Hydrotechnical Construction 30, no. 10 (October 1996): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02442975.
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Voronkin, A. F., T. V. Lisochkina, T. V. Malinina, V. A. Taratin, and V. I. Rozova. "Economic efficiency of power stations using renewable energy sources." Hydrotechnical Construction 29, no. 6 (June 1995): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02447853.
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Fedorov, M. P., A. G. Bogolyubov, and V. I. Maslikov. "Environmental safety of power plants using renewable sources of energy." Hydrotechnical Construction 29, no. 6 (June 1995): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02447854.
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Jones, Anthony T., and Will Rowley. "Global Perspective: Economic Forecast for Renewable Ocean Energy Technologies." Marine Technology Society Journal 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533202787908608.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Renewable energy sources from the oceans include offshore wind, wave energy, and underwater currents. Sustainable future economies require renewable energy sources. Recent developments in ocean-based renewable energy systems are outlined and forecasts for the next decade are put forth. Offshore wind energy is the fastest growing sector in renewable energy. Anticipated to reach $6 billion per year in Europe by 2006, upwards of 86 MW of capacity from 88 turbines are in place today. Capacity by 2010 is projected to grow to at least 2000 MW. Governmental support in Europe is fueling the development, in part, because of greenhouse gas emission targets. The first commercial-scale wave power facility was established in Scotland. Several proponents plan prototype demonstrations over the next few years. Growth in this sector is anticipated to reach $100 million per annum by 2010. Projects harnessing tidal currents have shifted toward capturing tidal-driven coastal currents. Conservative estimates of $40 million per annum by 2010 appear realistic. Ocean-based renewable energy development lag land-based systems because of significant capital requirements and difficulty obtaining the necessary financing due to risk and market barriers. The technical capabilities, both in engineering and management, exist in the offshore sector to undertake the size and scope of projects envisioned.
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POPA, C. "Review of renewable energy sources and offshore wind turbine technology." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XIV, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-21-i2-001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is a state-of-the-art that aims to highlight all the new developments for wind renewable energy sources, wind turbine system, vertical axis wind turbine and the included components to find the best solution for an offshore vertical axis wind turbine that supplies ships with energy in the outer harbor. This review could help to understand the potential future choices in the design of vertical-axes wind turbine in order to reduce pollution in marine environment.
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Lushnikov, O. G., N. A. Sobolenko, and M. G. Tyagunov. "Optimization of the structure of energy complexes on the basis of renewable energy sources." Hydrotechnical Construction 30, no. 5 (May 1996): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02443096.
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Vasin, A. A., and V. I. Obrezkov. "Optimal use of nontraditional renewable energy sources for electric power generation." Hydrotechnical Construction 24, no. 10 (October 1990): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01429343.
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Dani, Dani Hari Tunggal Prasetiyo, Nasrul Ilminnafik, and Alief Muhammad. "The Effect of Trans-esterification Process Using KOH Catalyst on the Characteristics of Biodiesel from Sterculia Foetida Seeds as Additional Fuel." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 10, no. 3 (December 21, 2022): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.010.3.253-267.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research on renewable fuel energy sources and the use of catalysts in increasing their production has always been an interesting topic in this era towards industry 5.0. This is because the world's energy needs are always increasing every year, especially during the industrial revolution. It requires more sources and other types of energy to convert. Based on that need, alternative energy sources that are renewable and abundant were always needed. One form of renewable alternative energy source is biodiesel. Biodiesel is environmentally friendly, clean, biodegradable, and produces low exhaust emissions. One of the raw materials for biodiesel can be obtained from Kepuh seeds (Sterculia foetida). The manufacture of biodiesel goes through five stages, namely pressing, degumming, esterification, transesterification, and purification. Then, the biodiesel that has been produced is added to bio solar in a ratio of 8:2 (biodiesel: bio solar). Additions were made to five samples of the fuel mixture based on the amount of catalyst used (0.8; 0.9; 1.0; 1.1; 1.2%). Based on the results of the biodiesel quality test, the average value for the density test was 0.85 kg/m3, the viscosity was 3.24 CST and the calorific value was 11,090 cal/gram.
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Yurkevich, B. N., V. M. Malich, and A. Yu Ognev. "Prospects of developing nonconventional and renewable energy sources in Far Eastern regions." Hydrotechnical Construction 31, no. 8 (August 1997): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02767184.
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Cavallaro, Luca, and Diego Vicinanza. "Offshore and Onshore Wave Energy Converters: Engineering and Environmental Features." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the last decade, extensive research has been carried out with the aim of designing new prototype devices that allow for the extraction of electricity from renewable energy sources, in order to contribute to a reduction in the use of nonrenewable resources, and thereby mitigate climate change impacts [...]
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DÍEZ, César Manuel, Carlos Manuel ESTRADA, Oscar H. VARAS, Caroline Pamela CAMARENA, and Lari Jacson ATOC. "RELIABILITY OF INSTALLING OCEANIC THERMAL ENERGY SOURCES AROUND SOUTH AMERICA BY DIVERGENCE OF TEMPERATURES." Periódico Tchê Química 19, no. 40 (March 31, 2022): 01–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v19.n40.2022.01_chirinos_pgs_01_19.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The world population has grown considerably, increasing the demand for primary resources, i.e., water, electricity; the generation of renewable electricity is the first aspiration of human beings. Radiation from the Sun is an extensive source of tenable energy, and this radiation fades in the depth of the ocean waters, making it possible to take benefit. Aim: The purpose of this work was to settle a process of absorbing Sun radiation and converting it into energy by considering a couple of geographical coordinate points, with a great differential of temperatures in the Oceans around South America, to implement thermal machines. Methods: This work processes temperature data taken from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) project, maintained by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Pacific Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). Data were processed with Matlab 2009a Student Version. Water temperature implies the intensity degree of ocean heat energy. So, this study takes temperature data at Sea around South America to glean oceanic thermal energy means the Carnot machine method and gradients of temperatures. Results and Discussion: The more stable area annually to install thermal machines are farther than 35° from Panama Canal and Trujillo to the west meridian. The weaker values are found near Quito (Equator); but medium in the Atlantic Ocean, being the better location 15° to the East of Fortaleza de Sâo José de Macapá (Brazil). On the other side, a real gas could change its speed from 40.0 m/s below 500.0 m mean sea level (bmsl) up to 650.0 m/s at the Sea Surface, while an artificial gas from 20.0 m/s up to 400.0 m/s. Conclusions: This study exposes that the energy harvested on the coasts, the warmest of South America, brings sufficient energy to the neighboring population. During ENSO time (El Niño Southern Oscillation), the waters of the Pacific Ocean increase their thermal energy, so the output performance will be varied.
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Kipkoech, Rogers, Mohammed Takase, and Ernest Kofi Amankwa Afrifa. "Renewable Energies in Ghana in Relation to Market Condition, the Environment, and Food Security." Journal of Renewable Energy 2022 (March 29, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8243904.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy is essential to the development of a country, and several studies have been carried out on the production and use of energy by industrialised countries. However, little research and development has been carried out in developing countries on renewable energy. Also, the importance of traditional fuels such as biomass has not been emphasised in developing countries like Ghana, which rely on fossil fuels. Ghana relies heavily on imported petroleum fuel obtained from fossil fuels. However, fossil fuels are faced with many limitations including environmental pollution and an escalating price. Hydropower, biomass, biofuel, wind, and solar energy are the major renewable energy resources expected to be fully exploited in the future. This study, therefore, assesses the sources of the main renewable energy in relation to policy, the conditions of the market and food security. The government of Ghana has put in place a favourable business environment for the renewable energy sector by setting explicit feed-in tariffs (FITs). In addition, various acts and legislation have been passed and formulated by the relevant institutions (Renewable Energy Act (832) of 2011). The study revealed that there is an increase in the exploitation and use of energy from renewable resources when compared with the past decades. However, this exploitation is still limited due to barriers such as the cost of technologies, financing issues, and scientific and technical barriers.
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Barelli, Linda, Dario Pelosi, Dana Alexandra Ciupageanu, Panfilo Andrea Ottaviano, Michela Longo, and Dario Zaninelli. "HESS in a Wind Turbine Generator: Assessment of Electric Performances at Point of Common Coupling with the Grid." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Among Renewable Energy Sources (RES), wind energy is emerging as one of the largest installed renewable-power-generating capacities. The technological maturity of wind turbines, together with the large marine wind resource, is currently boosting the development of offshore wind turbines, which can reduce the visual and noise impacts and produce more power due to higher wind speeds. Nevertheless, the increasing penetration of wind energy, as well as other renewable sources, is still a great concern due to their fluctuating and intermittent behavior. Therefore, in order to cover the mismatch between power generation and load demand, the stochastic nature of renewables has to be mitigated. Among proposed solutions, the integration of energy storage systems in wind power plants is one of the most effective. In this paper, a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) is integrated into an offshore wind turbine generator with the aim of demonstrating the benefits in terms of fluctuation reduction of the active power and voltage waveform frequency, specifically at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). A MATLAB®/SimPowerSystems model composed of an offshore wind turbine interfaced with the grid through a full-scale back-to-back converter and a flywheel-battery-based HESS connected to the converter DC-link has been developed and compared with the case of storage absence. Simulations were carried out in reference to the wind turbine’s stress conditions and were selected—according to our previous work—in terms of the wind power step. Specifically, the main outcomes of this paper show that HESS integration allows for a reduction in the active power variation, when the wind power step is applied, to about 3% and 4.8%, respectively, for the simulated scenarios, in relation to more than 30% and 42% obtained for the no-storage case. Furthermore, HESS is able to reduce the transient time of the frequency of the three-phase voltage waveform at the PCC by more than 89% for both the investigated cases. Hence, this research demonstrates how HESS, coupled with renewable power plants, can strongly enhance grid safety and stability issues in order to meet the stringent requirements relating to the massive RES penetration expected in the coming years.
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Marquis, Melinda, Jim Wilczak, Mark Ahlstrom, Justin Sharp, Andrew Stern, J. Charles Smith, and Stan Calvert. "Forecasting the Wind to Reach Significant Penetration Levels of Wind Energy." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 92, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 1159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011bams3033.1.
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Advances in atmospheric science are critical to increased deployment of variable renewable energy (VRE) sources. For VRE sources, such as wind and solar, to reach high penetration levels in the nation's electric grid, electric system operators and VRE operators need better atmospheric observations, models, and forecasts. Improved meteorological observations through a deep layer of the atmosphere are needed for assimilation into numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. The need for improved operational NWP forecasts that can be used as inputs to power prediction models in the 0–36-h time frame is particularly urgent and more accurate predictions of rapid changes in VRE generation (ramp events) in the very short range (0–6 h) are crucial. We describe several recent studies that investigate the feasibility of generating 20% or more of the nation's electricity from weather-dependent VRE. Next, we describe key advances in atmospheric science needed for effective development of wind energy and approaches to achieving these improvements. The financial benefit to the nation of improved wind forecasts is potentially in the billions of dollars per year. Obtaining the necessary meteorological and climatological observations and predictions is a major undertaking, requiring collaboration from the government, private, and academic sectors. We describe a field project that will begin in 2011 to improve short-term wind forecasts, which demonstrates such a collaboration, and which falls under a recent memorandum of understanding between the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at the Department of Energy and the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
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Doering, Kenji, and Scott Steinschneider. "Summer Covariability of Surface Climate for Renewable Energy across the Contiguous United States: Role of the North Atlantic Subtropical High." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 57, no. 12 (December 2018): 2749–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-18-0088.1.
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AbstractThis study examines the joint spatiotemporal variability of summertime climate linked to renewable energy sources (precipitation and streamflow, wind speeds, and insolation) and energy demand drivers (temperature, relative humidity, and a heat index) across the contiguous United States (CONUS) between 1948 and 2015. Canonical correlation analysis is used to identify the primary modes of joint variability between wind speeds and precipitation and related patterns of the other hydrometeorological variables. The first two modes exhibit a pan-U.S. dipole with lobes in the eastern and central CONUS. Composite analysis shows that these modes are directly related to the displacement of the western ridge of the North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH), suggesting that a single, large-scale feature of atmospheric circulation drives much of the large-scale climate covariability related to summertime renewable energy supply and demand across the CONUS. The impacts of this climate feature on the U.S. energy system are shown more directly by examining changes in surface climate variables at existing and potential sites of renewable energy infrastructure and locations of high energy demand. Also, different phases of the NASH are related to concurrent and lagged modes of oceanic and atmospheric climate variability in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean basins, with results suggesting that springtime climate over both oceans may provide some potential to predict summer variability in the NASH and its associated surface climate. The implications of these findings for the impacts of climate variability and change on integrated renewable energy systems over the CONUS are discussed.
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Musial, Walt. "Feasibility of Ocean-Based Renewable Energy in the Gulf of Mexico." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.6.3.
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AbstractThis paper summarizes a comprehensive feasibility assessment of six offshore renewable energy sources in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) to potentially provide utility-scale electricity from the Outer Continental Shelf (federal waters) and state waters to land-based grids. The primary objective is to inform future energy planning. The authors evaluated offshore wind, wave energy, tidal energy, ocean-based solar photovoltaics (PV), ocean current, and ocean thermal energy conversion. Of these energy resources, offshore wind was the most viable option and was the focus of the second part of the study. The technical challenges of developing offshore wind in the GOM are discussed including hurricane design for turbines and substructures, as well as turbine solutions to overcome lower wind regimes. In addition, advantages to offshore wind development in the GOM are described including proximity to oil and gas supply chains. Economic analysis using established cost models at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory identified hypothetical project locations where net value of offshore wind was the highest, and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) was calculated for three sites: Port Isabel, Port Arthur, and Pensacola. Offshore wind LCOE in the GOM was found to be higher than those in sites along the north and mid-Atlantic coasts, but decreasing cost trajectories indicate the possibility of economic viability for locations in Texas and west Louisiana after 2030. The extrapolated 2030 LCOE values range from $73/MWh (Site 1, Port Isabel) and $79/MWh (Site 3, Port Arthur) to $91/MWh (Site 5, Pensacola).
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Jakowski, Damian, and Marek Dzida. "Increasing Power Supply Safety in the Aspect of Supporting the Renewable Energy Sources by Conventional and Virtual Power Stores." Polish Maritime Research 25, s1 (May 1, 2018): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0041.
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Abstract This paper presents characteristics and purposefulness of supporting the renewable energy sources (OZE) by means of energy stores. The main emphasis was placed on analysis of virtual energy stores available for implementation in Polish economy conditions. A role which management of Demand Side Response (DSR) may play in balancing Polish electric power system, is discussed. Implementation of such solutions together with conventional energy stores may significantly influence power supply safety by assuring continuity of electric power supply at an acceptable price. Involvement of electric power consumers (DSR) should be one of the basic solutions for power markets in Poland and Europe.
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Perinić, Lea, Mirjana Kovačić, and Luís Silveira. "The social perspective on small islands’ energy transitions." Pomorstvo 36, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.12.
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This paper reflects upon the concept of social innovation and its role in islands’ energy transition. As isolated energy systems, islands typically depend on energy imports from the mainland and mostly use fossil fuels for electricity, heating, and transport, which are significant sources of carbon emissions. At the same time, islands have an abundance of locally available renewable energy sources (RES) at their disposal, which makes them ideal test-beds for energy transition, or the technology-based switch of the energy system, from fossil-based to renewable energy. However, new RES technologies must be incorporated into society and, thus, to enable successful decarbonisation, technological innovations must be coupled with social innovations. Different authors stress that energy transitions are not strictly technical but socio-technical since they are also comprised of policies, politics and other artefacts, not just technological. Nevertheless, the role of social innovation in local energy transitions is still under-studied, and this paper aimed to contribute to this lack of literature, focusing on the local energy transitions of islands. By combining theoretical and empirical research, this paper aims to explore the role of social innovation in energy transition and analyse whether social innovation can be considered a success factor in the energy transition process of the case-study island, the small Croatian island of Unije.
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Perea-Moreno, Miguel-Angel, Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro, Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo, and Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. "Peanut Shell for Energy: Properties and Its Potential to Respect the Environment." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2018): 3254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The peanut (Arachys hypogaea) is a plant of the Fabaceae family (legumes), as are chickpeas, lentils, beans, and peas. It is originally from South America and is used mainly for culinary purposes, in confectionery products, or as a nut as well as for the production of biscuits, breads, sweets, cereals, and salads. Also, due to its high percentage of fat, peanuts are used for industrialized products such as oils, flours, inks, creams, lipsticks, etc. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistical yearbook in 2016, the production of peanuts was 43,982,066 t, produced in 27,660,802 hectares. Peanuts are grown mainly in Asia, with a global production rate of 65.3%, followed by Africa with 26.2%, the Americas with 8.4%, and Oceania with 0.1%. The peanut industry is one of the main generators of agroindustrial waste (shells). This residual biomass (25–30% of the total weight) has a high energy content that is worth exploring. The main objectives of this study are, firstly, to evaluate the energy parameters of peanut shells as a possible solid biofuel applied as an energy source in residential and industrial heating installations. Secondly, different models are analysed to estimate the higher heating value (HHV) for biomass proposed by different scientists and to determine which most accurately fits the determination of this value for peanut shells. Thirdly, we evaluate the reduction in global CO2 emissions that would result from the use of peanut shells as biofuel. The obtained HHV of peanut shells (18.547 MJ/kg) is higher than other biomass sources evaluated, such as olive stones (17.884 MJ/kg) or almond shells (18.200 MJ/kg), and similar to other sources of biomass used at present for home and industrial heating applications. Different prediction models of the HHV value proposed by scientists for different types of biomass have been analysed and the one that best fits the calculation for the peanut shell has been determined. The CO2 reduction that would result from the use of peanut shells as an energy source has been evaluated in all production countries, obtaining values above 0.5 ‰ of their total emissions.
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Vukić, Luka, Giambattista Guidi, Tanja Poletan Jugović, and Renato Oblak. "Comparison of External Costs of Diesel, LNG, and Electric Drive on a Ro-Ro Ferry Route." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 33, no. 3 (June 2, 2021): 463–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v33i3.3690.
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Following the sustainable transport policy, environmental criteria are becoming a competitive factor within the maritime shipping industry. The use of greener fuels in internal combustion engines, including electric drive, is a measure that can reduce external costs of transport. Alternative fuels in maritime transport, benefits, and potential attainable savings have been examined on the Kamenari–Lepatane ro-ro ferry route in the Bay of Kotor located in Montenegro. The results indicate higher total fuel cost savings by switching to LNG compared with electric power. However, the external costs of the latter are considerably lower, especially using renewable energy sources rather than fossil ones in the production process. The results obtained, relative to the magnitude and assumed complete internalization of external costs, justify the incentive to use the renewable sources as energy providers on the examined ro-ro ferry route. Environmental criteria should play a decisive role in assessing the overall benefit value, under the current trends and regulations of emissions reduction in maritime transport.
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Salter, S. H., J. R. M. Taylor, and N. J. Caldwell. "Power conversion mechanisms for wave energy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 216, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/147509002320382103.
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It is easy to make a device that will respond vigorously to the action of sea waves. Indeed, it is quite hard to make one that will not. However, the conversion of the slow, random, reversing energy flows with very high extreme values into phase-locked synchronous electricity with power quality acceptable to a utility network is very much harder. This paper describes a range of different control strategies of varying degrees of sophistication and then describes possible conversion equipment for high-pressure oil and water and low-pressure air. Like many renewable energy sources, waves would benefit from some form of energy storage, particularly if they are to be used in weak island networks. Flywheels, gas accumulators, submerged oil/vacuum accumulators, thermal stores and reversible fuel cells are discussed, with emphasis on the coupling hardware. This leads on to a description of a new type of hydraulic machine with digital control which has been specially designed for high efficiency and flexible control of multiple erratic sources. An explanation of the rather low performance of air turbines in the random air flows caused by sea waves suggests the need for a variable-pitch version of the Wells turbine and the design of a reciprocating-flow wind-tunnel with recirculating energy recovery in which it could be tested.
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Tetelmin, Vladimir V. "Climate challenges and hydraulic power industry as a powerful tool to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 29, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2021-29-1-55-71.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fossil fuel energy and increase in concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause global climate change. In pursuance of the goals of the Paris Agreement, the global power industry must switch a significant part of fuel energy production to renewable energy production. The expected share of various sources in the global power industry by the end of the 21st century is provided. However, the limited possibilities of the biosphere make the current level of energy production from renewable sources nearly impossible. The most preferable scenario is proposed to reduce global carbon dioxide emissions by reducing the use of coal by 170 million tons per year, which will ensure a corresponding reduction in emissions by 620 million tons per year and the achievement by 2050 of the material balance of carbon in the emission - flow system. Under the most preferable scenario, it will be necessary to commission alternative replacement powers of about 160 GW per year; at the same time, the average global temperature will additionally rise by 0.6 С compared to the current one. The prospects and advantages of the development of the Russian hydraulic power industry as an environmentally and economically efficient alternative to coal projects are considered. In the emerging reality, Russian hydraulic power companies are advised to determine their ambitious share of the Russian quota for reducing emissions and commissioning 30 GW of replacement hydraulic power capacities by 2050 with additional electricity generation of up to 120 TWh per year.
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Cavagnaro, Robert J., Andrea E. Copping, Rebecca Green, David Greene, Scott Jenne, Debbie Rose, and Dorian Overhus. "Powering the Blue Economy: Progress Exploring Marine Renewable Energy Integration With Ocean Observations." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.6.11.
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AbstractMarine renewable energy (MRE) encompasses the harvest of energy from the movement of ocean waters in the form of either currents or waves, as well as temperature and salinity differentials. To date, most MRE development has focused on utility-scale electrical grid generation, but a growing body of work focuses on non-grid applications in the blue economy where MRE could provide power on-site and at the scale needed for specific maritime sectors. One of the blue economy sectors with promising applications for MRE is ocean observations using both mobile and stationary platforms. This paper documents the steps and results of engaging with experts across the myriad ocean observation platforms and capabilities to inform five use cases. These use cases include descriptions of specific ocean observation applications performing measurements of high societal value (e.g., data for weather forecasting and tsunami detection) that closely resemble specific sensing systems and, in most cases, are placed in a particular area of the ocean. Rapid resource assessments (i.e., first-order estimates) were performed at these locations to determine the suitability of marine and other renewable energy sources. From the information gathered so far, MRE has significant potential to enable improved ocean observation missions, expand ocean observing capacity, and develop as an industry in parallel with the needs of our changing oceans.
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Ünsalan, Deniz. "Parametric analysis of gravity Vortex turbines as a low cost renewable energy alternative from low head hydraulic resources." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXIII, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-20-i1-003.
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The long existent worldwide trend for large scale hydroelectric power plants, relying on dams are now under severe criticism for the large areas their reservoirs occupy, which are often fertile agricultural areas and sometimes flood cultural heritage sites. However, there are also environment-friendly alternatives for hydroelectric power production, which are capable to obtain energy from small scale streams with relatively low heads. Such smaller scale sources with low cost facilities can be used for electric production by alternative schemes that use small streams, irrigation canals and divertions from rivers, tidal pools, overtopping wave energy converters and urban wastewater. One of the recent types of such plants are the gravity vortex turbines that use the naturally occurring “sink vortex” draining such water. They are highly efficient and able to obtain energy from sources with flow rates as low as 1 m3/s and heads as low as 0.80 m. Such water sources are abundant in most of the rural areas and it is possible to obtain either an important part or the total need of the energy requirement of the nearby communities with such systems. Gravity vortex turbines have low costs due to their simple structure and are easy to maintain. They can also be implemented for overtopping wave energy and tidal energy systems, as well as recovery units of pumped energy storage schemes. The purpose of this paper is to propose relations for the design and parametric analysis to size the relevant parts of the plant- the pool and the turbine. Potential flow is assumed throughout the analysis. Attempts to obtain optimized relations between the relative sizes and rotational speeds for the pool, water source, turbine are made and inputs for preliminary design are obtained.
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Finnegan, William, Yadong Jiang, Nicolas Dumergue, Peter Davies, and Jamie Goggins. "Investigation and Validation of Numerical Models for Composite Wind Turbine Blades." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050525.
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As the world shifts to using renewable sources of energy, wind energy has been established as one of the leading forms of renewable energy. As the requirement for wind energy increases, so too does the size of the turbines themselves, where the latest turbines are 10 MW with a turbine diameter in excess of 190 m. The design and manufacture of the blades for these turbines will be critical if they are to last for the design life, where the accuracy of the numerical models used in the design process is paramount. Therefore, in this paper, three independent numerical models have been created using three available finite element method packages—ABAQUS, ANSYS, and CalculiX—and the results were compiled. Following this, the accuracy of the models has been evaluated and validated against the results from an experimental testing campaign. In order to complete the study, a 13 m full-scale wind turbine blade has been used, which has been subjected to static testing in both the edgewise and flapwise directions. The results from this testing campaign, along with the blade mass and natural frequencies, have been compared to the results from the independent numerical models. The differences in the models, along with other sources of error, have been discussed, which includes recommendations on the development of accurate numerical models.
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Bâra, Adela. "Mix-generation optimization for electricity market simulation." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXIII, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-20-i1-023.
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Owning several types of generating units requires an optimized schedule to cover the negotiated bilateral contracts. This approach will lead to a better electricity market strategy and benefits for an electricity producer. In this paper, we will simulate the operation of five different generators including generators based on Renewable Energy Sources (such as wind turbines and photovoltaic panels) that belong to an electricity producer. The five generators are modelled considering the specificity of their type and primary energy source. For instance, for renewable energy sources, we will consider the 24-hour generation forecast. The objective function of the optimization process is to obtain an optimal loading of generators, while the constraints are related to the capacity and performance of the generators. The output consisting in a generating unit optimized operation schedule will be further used for day-ahead or balancing market bidding process. Hence, the producer will be able to adequately bid on the future electricity markets knowing the commitment of generators for negotiated bilateral contracts market. The simulations are tested for more than five generators considering the connection to a relational database where more data for generators is stored.
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Klymchuk, O., G. Luzhanska, G. Balasanian, M. Serheiev, and I. Aksyonova. "APPLICATION OF CAD TECHNOLOGIES FOR RESEARCH OF HEAT EXCHANGE UNITS OF MICROCLIMATE SYSTEMS BASED ON ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 1, no. 65 (2022): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.1.65.2022.05.
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. Saving fuel and energy resources is now becoming one of the most important areas of transition of Ukraine's economy to the path of intensive development and rational use of nature. An important direction in the development of modern energy is the development of clean energy based on alternative energy sources for energy supply. One of the ways to solve this problem is to use in microclimate systems for various purposes combined heat supply system, which includes several sources of heat (traditional or renewable), its purpose – to compensate for heat loss through external enclosing structures, supply and exhaust ventilation systems and hot water supply to consumers. Energy accumulation was used to coordinate the modes of heat generation and consumption. A study of the efficiency of battery capacity has been conducted for various connection schemes of heat generators and consumers. With the help of the automated design system the method of efficient operation of the heat accumulator is developed, at research of dynamics of heating of the heat carrier in a tank of the heat accumulator at various schemes of connection. As a result of researches of heat exchange installation by means of the specialized software complex it is received that at cross connection of the generator and the consumer of heat to the accumulator tank, average temperature of heat exchange accumulating material practically coincides with temperature of the return highway that testifies to more uniform temperature field in heat accumulator volume. At the same time, when charging and discharging the heat accumulator, there is a complete coincidence of temperature change graphs for both periods.
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Leslie, Heather M., and Megan Palmer. "Examining the Impacts of Tidal Energy Capture from an Ecosystem Services Perspective." Marine Technology Society Journal 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.49.1.6.
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AbstractAs governments from the local to national level have recognized the need to integrate renewable sources into their energy portfolios, there has been a recent push to harness diverse sources of ocean energy, including those generated by tides and waves. Despite the potential benefits, development of these marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) resources has raised concerns in terms of their potential socioeconomic and environmental impacts. An ecosystem services perspective offers a useful means of monitoring how MHKs will affect both people and nature by enabling the identification of the benefits provided by functioning ecosystems to people, including biodiversity, tourism and recreation, and food provision. To illustrate the value of this approach in evaluating the potential impacts of an MHK project, we present the case study of the Muskeget Channel Tidal Energy Project (United States) and identify the types of data and analytical tools that could be used to develop an ecosystem service assessment of MHK development in this study region. To complement this case study, we also reviewed the published literature on tidal energy and other MHK project types, which highlighted how little is known about the ecological effects of MHK development in coastal and marine ecosystems. Integrating ecosystem service knowledge into projects like Muskeget Channel can contribute to more scientifically informed MHK siting processes and more effective, ecosystem-based management of the diverse human activities undertaken in coastal and marine environments.
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Novozhenin, V. D., I. N. Usachev, and B. L. Érlikhman. "Tidal electric power plants — Sources of inexpensive, ecologically pure, renewable energy (30th anniversary of the Kislogubsk Tidal Power Plant)." Hydrotechnical Construction 32, no. 12 (December 1998): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02443653.
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POPA, N. S. "Li-Ion battery discharge study." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XIV, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-21-i2-016.
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The production of energy from renewable sources remains another challenge. Efficient storage of electricity is one of the current problems in electricity. This paper studies three ways to discharge a Li-Ion battery with a capacity of 4.2V, connected to three circuits with different resistance values. for data acquisition were used USB 6008 (program was written in LabView using NI-DAQmx ) from National Instruments.
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Karalekas, Patrick, Gregory J. Kowalski, and Edward Lovelace. "Modeling Hydrokinetic Turbine Performance in the Mississippi River." Marine Technology Society Journal 47, no. 4 (July 1, 2013): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.47.4.21.
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AbstractFree Flow Power has developed a renewable energy technology that can convert the kinetic energy flowing in a river to electricity without the use of dams. The company plans to install a specially made turbine directly into the flowing stream. This process, known as hydrokinetics, is an innovative approach that provides energy at a reliable and predictable rate as opposed to other intermittent renewable energy sources. There are currently two dozen hydrokinetic projects in the licensing process along the Mississippi River, which will account for 4,000 MW of power-generating capacity. Hydrokinetics could develop into a $1 billion a year industry.This article describes the modeling tool developed for Free Flow Power’s hydrokinetic sites along the Mississippi River. The performance models compare river velocity, power generation, reliability, maintenance costs, and finance options to establish a likely performance profile for a proposed site.These models calculate the expected returns for Mississippi River projects and can be used to perform a sensitivity analysis on all of the major variables for hydrokinetics. The unique aspect of this performance model is the incorporation of a reliability calculator, which estimates the lost revenue resulting from component failures. It can be used to develop the maintenance strategy for the array and to evaluate the total cost of reliability for components. The modeling tool described provides Free Flow Power with the ability to compare different design scenarios and quickly gives an estimate of a site’s performance.
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Li, Jinghui, Wei Shi, Lixian Zhang, Constantine Michailides, and Xin Li. "Wind–Wave Coupling Effect on the Dynamic Response of a Combined Wind–Wave Energy Converter." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101101.
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There is a huge energy demand from offshore renewable energy resources. To maximize the use of various renewable energy sources, a combined floating energy system consisting of different types of energy devices is an ideal option to reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) by sharing the infrastructure of the platform and enhancing the power production capacity. This study proposed a combined concept of energy systems by combing a heave-type wave energy converter (WEC) with a semisubmersible floating wind turbine. In order to investigate the power performance and dynamic response of the combined concept, coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic analysis was carried out using the open-source code F2A, which is based on the coupling of the FAST and AQWA tools by integrating all the possible environmental loadings (e.g., aerodynamic, hydrodynamic). Numerical results obtained by AQWA are used to verify the accuracy of the coupled model in F2A in predicting dynamic responses of the combined system. The main hydrodynamic characteristics of the combined system under typical operational conditions were examined, and the calculated responses (motions, mooring line tension and produced wave power) are discussed. Additionally, the effect of aerodynamic damping on the dynamic response of the combined system was examined and presented. Moreover, a second fully coupled analysis model was developed, and its response predictions were compared with the predictions of the model developed with F2A in order for the differences of the calculated responses resulted by the different modeling techniques to be discussed and explained. Finally, the survivability of the combined concept has been examined for different possible proposed survival modes.
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Heikkilä, Eetu, Tero Välisalo, Risto Tiusanen, Janne Sarsama, and Minna Räikkönen. "Reliability Modelling and Analysis of the Power Take-Off System of an Oscillating Wave Surge Converter." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050552.
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Wave power is a potential technology for generating sustainable renewable energy. Several types of wave energy converters (WECs) have been proposed for this purpose. WECs operate in a harsh maritime environment that sets strict limitations on how and when the device can be economically and safely reached for maintenance. Thus, to ensure profitable energy generation over the system life cycle, system reliability is a key aspect to be considered in WEC development. In this article, we describe a reliability analysis approach for WEC development, based on the use of reliability block diagram (RBD) modelling. We apply the approach in a case study involving a submerged oscillating wave surge converter device concept that utilizes hydraulics in its power take-off system. In addition to describing the modelling approach, we discuss the data sources that were used for gathering reliability data for the components used in a novel system concept with very limited historical or experimental data available. This includes considerations of the data quality from various sources. As a result, we present examples of applying the RBD modelling approach in the context of WEC development and discuss the applicability of the approach in supporting the development of new technologies.
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Meggitt, Dallas J., and Michèle Bullock. "General Overview of Autonomous Forward-Deployed Systems and Their Energy Needs." Marine Technology Society Journal 51, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.51.4.3.
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AbstractForward-deployed and remote sensor systems all require persistent, autonomous, reliable in situ sources of energy. There are several different classes of forward-deployed systems, each of which typically has a different range of energy requirements. Some of these systems are buoys; others are bottom-laid. Several such systems are being developed for a variety of scientific and military applications, including, for example, (1) remote systems with a single or small number of sensors; (2) networked scientific sensor systems (Undersea Distributed Networks); (3) low-power, forward-deployed surveillance systems with many sensors; and (4) forward-deployed communications relay systems. Energy requirements for these systems depend on several factors, including overall energy requirements, mission duration, duty cycle, observability, and fixed or mobile system. Many previous and current forward-deployed systems have depended on batteries for energy, but batteries are limited in the amount of energy they can store unless they can be recharged or replaced. Some previous systems have used diesel, sometimes in combination with solar panels and battery backups, but solar panels degrade and lose efficiency with salt encrustation, corrosion, and bird excrement. Recent developments in reliable, scalable wave energy technology, together with relatively efficient energy storage technologies, offer the opportunity for application of these technologies for providing autonomous power to remote sensor systems. This paper describes several remote sensor systems, reviews and summarizes energy requirements for these systems, and provides in situ wave energy system concepts to meet these requirements. The paper focuses on wave energy as being closest to practical implementation of current renewable energy technologies.
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Portillo Juan, Nerea, Vicente Negro Valdecantos, M. Dolores Esteban, and José Santos López Gutiérrez. "Review of the Influence of Oceanographic and Geometric Parameters on Oscillating Water Columns." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020226.
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Wave energy is one of the most powerful sources of energy on our planet, but its exploitation is difficult. Much current research on renewable energy is focused on how to harness ocean energy. However, wave energy converter (WEC) technology is still immature and how to reach high levels of efficiency is still unknown. In coming years, this field is likely to reach a high level of development, so it is important to continue research on the improvement of the performance of these devices. One of the most important wave energy converters is the oscillating water column (OWC). The main difficulty of OWCs is that they have to provide good rates of hydrodynamic efficiency for many different types of sea states (different periods, heights, wavelengths, etc.). The other big concern is the optimization of the geometric parameters of the device. This research paper is focused on these two big concerns: how oceanographic parameters affect the hydrodynamic behavior of an OWC and its geometric optimization. Different studies about how wave and geometric characteristics affect the performance of an OWC are reviewed and relationships between these and the hydrodynamic performance of an OWC are finally outlined and summed up.
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Wang, Zhe, Dongxing Wang, Fan Zhao, Fenghui Han, Yulong Ji, and Wenjian Cai. "Hydrogen Refueling Stations and Carbon Emission Reduction of Coastal Expressways: A Deployment Model and Multi-Scenario Analysis." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070992.
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Hydrogen is considered to the ultimate solution to achieve carbon emission reduction due to its wide sources and high calorific value, as well as non-polluting, renewable, and storable advantages. This paper starts from the coastal areas, uses offshore wind power hydrogen production as the hydrogen source, and focuses on the combination of hydrogen supply chain network design and hydrogen expressway hydrogen refueling station layout optimization. It proposes a comprehensive mathematical model of hydrogen supply chain network based on cost analysis, which determined the optimal size and location of hydrogen refueling stations on hydrogen expressways in coastal areas. Under the multi-scenario and multi-case optimization results, the location of the hydrogen refueling station can effectively cover the road sections of each case, and the unit hydrogen cost of the hydrogen supply chain network is between 11.8 and 15.0 USD/kgH2. Meanwhile, it was found that the transportation distance and the number of hydrogen sources play a decisive role on the cost of hydrogen in the supply chain network, and the location of hydrogen sources have a decisive influence on the location of hydrogen refueling stations. In addition, carbon emission reduction results of hydrogen supply chain network show that the carbon emission reduction per unit hydrogen production is 15.51 kgCO2/kgH2 at the production side. The CO2 emission can be reduced by 68.3 kgCO2/km and 6.35 kgCO2/kgH2 per unit mileage and per unit hydrogen demand at the application side, respectively. The layout planning utilization of hydrogen energy expressway has a positive impact on energy saving and emission reduction.
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Hernandez-Sanchez, Tzeltzin, Rosanna Bonasia, and Chiara Scaini. "Feasibility Study for the Extraction of Wave Energy along the Coast of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030284.
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Mexico is one of the countries with the highest emissions of greenhouse gases. In order to reduce the emission of contaminants due to fossil fuels, the state of Baja California has recently launched several research projects for the optimization of facilities for the exploitation of renewable sources, and in particular wave energy. In this work a first-level feasibility study of energy extraction from wave motion is presented for the Ensenada coast, along a complex distance of more than 200 km. The methodology proposed provides good spatial and temporal resolution for wave heights and periods calculation and consequently for the wave power. The methodology is based on the application of the coupled Simulated Waves Nearshore and Advanced Circulation (SWAN + ADCIRC) model for generation, propagation and dissipation of waves. To take into account the meteorological variability within a 21-year dataset, the Typical Meteorological Year method was applied. Results show that overall, the most persistent energy potential during the year is >2 kW/m, with peaks of 5 and 10 kW/m during few months. Given the theoretical energy potential calculated, the Ensenada coast could produce hundreds of GWh per year. The proposed methodology can be applied for the exploration of other coasts with energy potential.
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Madin, Laurence P. "Long-Term Monitoring and Research in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.6.5.
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Abstract The widely recognized need for large-scale transition from fossil to renewable energy sources has led to renewed effort to obtain metals needed for battery-based electric transportation and other functions. A potential source of some of these metals is the deposits of polymetallic nodules on the deep seafloor. If mining of these deposits proceeds in the coming decade, the enterprise creates an opportunity for extensive, long-term oceanographic research in the mining locations. The need to monitor environmental effects of mining activity can best be met with a near-continuous presence of a research platform in the vicinity. The platform could be a ship or potentially a semi-submersible platform like those used in the offshore oil industry. Such a facility might be supported by a consortium of mining companies and also provide opportunities for academic research in ocean and climate science.
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McBride, George, and Chayut Teeraratkul. "Lateral Effluent Discharge Apparatus for a Tidal Turbine (Where Does the Water Go?)." Marine Technology Society Journal 51, no. 6 (November 1, 2017): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.51.6.8.
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AbstractTidal energy harvested from flowing ocean waters is a promising sector of renewable energy in many coastal areas of the world. Challenges of cost mean that more efficient turbines are required to make tidal energy comparable with other energy sources. Downeast Turbines is developing a shrouded tidal turbine with patented rotor and channel system that concentrates ocean currents flowing through. Flow goes in with energy and comes out “spent,” its energy removed. Discharging spent flow back into the tidal stream is not an easy matter to perform, and two problems are commonly encountered: impaired efficiency of the turbine and impaired efficiency of a tidal turbine farm. Downeast Turbines' Lateral Effluent Discharge Apparatus, with patent application published and patent recently issued, addresses these two problems. It provides a means to discharge turbine effluent laterally into an acceleration zone of the stream that passes by, instead of directly to the wake downstream.In 2017, a series of two-dimensional computer simulations (2-D CFD) was performed at the University of Rochester to assess how the novel apparatus works. Nine configuration variations were modeled and tested in varying conditions of ambient flow speed and turbine load. Over 250 simulations were performed, and sample results are provided in figures and a table to show how the novel apparatus performed. Color maps of pressure, velocity and streamline vectors, and CP performance calculations, all suggest the novel apparatus works. Benefits of the apparatus might improve performance for any shrouded tidal turbine, not just Downeast Turbines' own.
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Pande, Jayshree, Paresh Nasikkar, Ketan Kotecha, and Vijayakumar Varadarajan. "A Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms for Wind Energy Conversion Systems." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111187.
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Renewable energy resources are gaining a lot of popularity. Several researchers have worked on the tracking and extraction of energy from these sources. In the past few decades, among the available green energy resources, wind energy has been the most attractive option among the resources available. It is imperative to use the maximum power available in the wind to achieve the wind turbine (WT) operation at maximum power. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are a pioneer in this context. Many research papers are contributed in this domain which necessitates a thorough review while choosing an appropriate technique. This paper comprehensively focuses on reviewing different algorithms in the past and present for tracking maximum power point, and capturing maximized output power from the wind energy conversion system (WECS). In this paper, the algorithms are classified based on the direct and indirect power measurement, hybrid and smart algorithms for tracking maximum power point, and they are compared, considering the parameters like complexity, convergence speed, use of sensors, memory requirement, need for knowledge of system parameters, etc. The immense popularity of the different versions of perturb and observe (P&O) based algorithms due to their various features is evident from the literature. The review reveals that the hybrid maximum power point tracking algorithms can use the advantages of the conventional methods and eliminate their drawbacks.
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NAVARRO ORTEGA, Asensio. "La ordenación de las energías renovables a la luz de las últimas reformas del sector. Especial consideración a la energía marina u oceánica." RVAP 99-100, no. 99-100 (December 30, 2014): 2167–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.99.100.2014.092.
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LABURPENA: Sektore Elektrikoaren Lege berriak eragina du, batik bat, energia berriztagarrien ekoizleek lortzen dituzten primen ordainketa-sisteman. Pizgarri publikoen babesean hazi den sektore baten finantza-desorekak murriztu nahi dira botere exekutiboak krisialdian onartutako neurri zorrotzen bidez. Aldaketa horiek arriskuan jarri dute, baina, Espainiako ekonomian lider bihurtuta zegoen industria baten bideragarritasuna, eta gatazkak sortu dira gure Ordenamenduaren oinarrizko printzipioekin, adibidez lehia, mesedegarri ez diren arauen atzeraeraginik eza, segurtasun juridikoa, interes publikoa, etab. Energia berriztagarri guztien artetik itsas energia hautatu dugu, arautegi-aldaketek nola eragiten dioten aztertzeko. Merkaturatu aurreko fasean dagoen arren, itsas energia aurreikuspen handiko energia berriztagarria da, ingurumenaren gaineko eragin positiboa duena; horregatik, etorkizunean hornidura elektrikoa modu jasangarrian emango duen esperantza dago. Itsas energia berriztagarriek beren arautegi berezia eduki behar dutela azpimarratzen dugu lan honetan, datozen hamarkadetan izango duen garapenari aurre hartzeko, eta ingurumenarekiko konpromiso soziala eta politikoa areagotzeko. RESUMEN: La nueva Ley del Sector Eléctrico establece un esquema regulador complejo que afecta, sobre todo, al sistema retributivo de primas que obtienen los productores de energías renovables. Las drásticas medidas aprobadas por el ejecutivo en tiempos de crisis pretenden atajar los desequilibrios financieros de un sector que ha crecido al amparo de incentivos públicos. Pero los cambios amenazan la viabilidad de una industria que se había convertido en líder de la economía española, al mismo tiempo que plantean conflictos que están relacionados con principios básicos de nuestro Ordenamiento, como el de competencia, libre concurrencia, irretroactividad de las normas no favorables, seguridad jurídica, interés público, etc. De entre las diversas fuentes de energía renovables que existen, en este trabajo nos centramos en analizar el régimen de la «energía marina» u «oceánica» comprobando cómo les afectan estos cambios normativos. A pesar de encontrarse en fase pre-comercial de desarrollo tecnológico, la energía marina es una fuente renovable de gran predicción que tiene un impacto ambiental positivo, lo que hace que se hayan depositado en ella muchas esperanzas para garantizar el suministro eléctrico, de manera sostenible, en el futuro. En este trabajo señalamos la necesidad de dotar a las renovables marinas de una regulación independiente con el fin de anticipar su desarrollo en el transcurso de las próximas décadas, y como forma de elevar el compromiso político y social con el medio ambiente. ABSTRACT: The new Act of the Electrical sector sets up a complex regulating framework that covers above all the tariff system of premiums by the renewable power producers. The drastic measures enacted by the executive in crisis times try to stop the financial imbalances of a sector that expanded protected by public incentives. But changes threat the viability of an industry that had became leader in the Spanish economy and at the same time they create conflicts related to basic principles of our legal order as competence, free competition, non retroactivity of the unfavourable norms, legal certainty, public interest, etc. From amongst the several renewable power sources that exist, in this work we focus on the regime of «offshore energy» or «ocean energy» checking how normative changes do affect it. In spite of being on a pre-commercial stage of technological development, offshore energy is a renewable source with great prediction that has a positive enviromental impact which has made to place hopes in it so as to assure the power supply in the future in a sustainable way. In this work we note that the need to provide renewable oceanic sources with an independent regulation with the aim of foreseeing their development over the course of next decades and as a way to rise the political and social commitment with enviroment.
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Louossi, Theodore, Fabrice Kwefeu Mbakop, Abdouramani Dadje, and Noel Djongyang. "Modeling of an Electrical Energy Switching System in Multisource Power Plants: The Case of Grid Connected Photovoltaic and Wind Power Systems." Journal of Renewable Energy 2022 (November 28, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9972334.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper proposes a multisource power plant management strategy for the proposed structure. This power plant consists of photovoltaic, wind, and grid. The principle of this management strategy is based on the reference currents and defines two components of the current namely a harmonic component related to the harmonics contained in the load current and current called fundamental related to the fundamental of the load current. This proposed strategy allows the different renewable sources to supply the load partially or totally. The harmonic component performs the power quality function while the fundamental component feeds the load and injects the surplus production into the grid. The power management is done according to the established scenarios and responds to the demand of the load. The simulations were carried out with Matlab software, and these results show the performance of this strategy for this structure studied to fulfill the following functions: power supply to the load, power factor (PF) correction, harmonic elimination, reactive energy compensation, and injection in the network of a current with a low rate of harmonic distortion lower than 1% in accordance with the IEEE Std 519-2014 standard.
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Fernandes, Amanda Augusta, Cristina Adams, Luciana Gomes de Araujo, João Paulo Romanelli, João Paulo Bispo Santos, and Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues. "Forest Landscape Restoration and Local Stakeholders: A Global Bibliometric Mapping Analysis." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 3, 2022): 16165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316165.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forest landscape restoration (FLR) has a central place in current global debates about the sustainability of natural resources, climate change mitigation and adaptation, livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. FLR approaches support the involvement of different social actors in participatory decision-making processes. We conducted a bibliometric analysis research to provide an overview of scientific publications in forest restoration, FLR and local stakeholders (LS) studies, and, specifically, examine if the studies (1) recognised the relevance of the local level actors and (2) collected primary and/or secondary data on LS using different methods from related publications since 2000. We used the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus as bibliographic sources. We analysed five main research aspects: (1) publication year, (2) most productive countries according to the total number of publications, (3) most influential journals and cited papers, (4) most influential authors ranked by number of publications, their respective organisations and country collaborations, and (5) a co-occurrence analysis of countries’ collaborations and keywords. We found that forest restoration, FLR and LS studies have been growing over the years, especially in the last decade. However, only 50% (99 records) of the studies recognised the relevance of the local level actors and also collected primary and/or secondary data through different methods. Authors from organisations in North and South America, and Oceania were the ones with the most publications, with only 20% (4 authors) of the top 20 authors having degrees in social sciences. Studies about “ecosystem services”, “ecological restoration”, “natural regeneration”, “livelihoods”, “Bonn challenge” and “governance” have become the main subject of research along the years within the scope of FLR at the local level. Finally, the results showed the gaps that should be considered in future research to improve the involvement and more direct participation of LS, as well as the participation of interdisciplinary and social science researchers in FLR research teams.
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Naresh, M. "Modelling and Analysis of Microcontroller Based MPPT Method Using FPGA." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XIV, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-21-i2-017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Now days, the renewable energy sources (RES) are the most accomplished system for power generation. In this paper, focus on FPGA based digital controller for the grid connected DG system. The study and performance analysis of grid-connected PV system as follows to improve the efficiency of the grid system and to extract the maximum power. This work is designed & development of FPGA. The DC power and battery capture on the DC bus system we have maintained the unity power factor and harmonics current in the DG system. The bi-directional battery systems also provide quick response & the performance under the variable DC voltage. Then, to develop the effectiveness control strategy is to manage the power flow equally AC & DC sides. This system simulated in MTTLAB Tools and FPGA System.
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Oprea, Simona-Vasilica. "Local market mechanisms survey for peer-to-peer electricity trading on blockchain platform." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXIII, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-20-i1-024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Blockchain is a promising technology for local trading of the electricity. It has specific components, such as smart contracts, data ledger, consensus, and provides many benefits for both buyers and sellers because they are obtaining/generating electricity at better prices compared with the electricity from the public grid. This practice leads to a better integration of renewable energy sources, increasing the appetite for new local generation sources and storage facilities, transparency and trading opportunities for all market players. Grid operators also benefit from blockchain since the grid loading will be reduced as the grid does not have to transmit or distribute electricity from large power plants located far away from consumption place. In the end, the market players will benefit from reducing the grid loading and alleviating the congestions as onerous investment in grid infrastructure is avoided. In this paper, we will analyse the advantages of different electricity market mechanisms for trading and settlement. Several auction mechanisms such as pay-as-bid, uniform price, generalised second price or Vickrey-Clarke-Groves are taken into account as feasible options for local markets and peer-to-peer trading.
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Skilhagen, Stein Erik. "Osmotic power — a new, renewable energy source." Desalination and Water Treatment 15, no. 1-3 (March 2010): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2010.1759.
Повний текст джерела
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Niklas, Karol, and Alicja Bera. "The Influence of Selected Strain-Based Failure Criteria on Ship Structure Damage Resulting from a Collision with an Offshore Wind Turbine Monopile." Polish Maritime Research 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2021-0048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Offshore wind farms are developing well all over the world, providing green energy from renewable sources. The evaluation of possible consequences of a collision involves Finite Element computer simulations. The goal of this paper was to analyse the influence of selected strain-based failure criteria on ship damage resulting from a collision with an offshore wind turbine monopile. The case of a collision between an offshore supply vessel and a monopile-type support structure was examined. The results imply that simulation assumptions, especially the failure criteria, are very important. It was found that, using the strain failure criteria according to the minimum values required by the design rules, can lead to an underestimation of the ship damage by as much as 6 times, for the length of the hull plate, and 9 times, for the area of the ship hull opening. Instead, the adjusted formula should be used, taking into account both the FE element size and the shell thickness. The influence of the non-linear representation of the stress-strain curve was also pointed out. Moreover, a significant influence of the selected steel grade on collision damages was found.