Дисертації з теми "Renewable energy sources Oceania"
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1
Horton, Bryan. "Rotational motion of pendula systems for wave energy extraction." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25873.
Повний текст джерела
2
Defne, Zafer. "Multi-criteria assessment of wave and tidal power along the Atlantic coast of the southeastern USA." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33864.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing demand for energy and the increased depletion rate of nonrenewable energy resources call for research on renewable alternatives. Mapping the availability of these resources is an important step for development of energy conversion projects. For this purpose, the wave power potential along the Atlantic coast of the southeastern USA, and the tidal stream power along the coast of Georgia are investigated in this study. Wave power potential is studied in an area bounded by latitudes 27 N and 38 N and longitudes 82 W and 72 W (i.e. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and northern Florida). The available data from National Data Buoy Center wave stations in the given area are examined. Power calculated from hourly significant wave heights and average wave periods is compared to power calculated using spectral wave energy density. The mean power within 50 km of the shore is determined to be low, whereas higher power is available further offshore beyond the 3500 m contour line. The tidal stream power potential along the coast of the state of Georgia is evaluated based on the NOAA tidal predictions for maximum tidal currents and three dimensional numerical modeling of the currents with Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The modeling results are validated against the available measurements. This region has low to moderate average tidal currents along most of the coast, but with the possibility of very strong local currents within its complex network of tidal rivers and inlets between barrier islands. Tidal stream power extraction is simulated with a momentum sink in the numerical models at the estuary scale to investigate effect of power extraction on the estuarine hydrodynamics. It is found that different power extraction schemes might have counterintuitive effects on the estuarial hydrodynamics and the extraction efficiency. A multi-criteria method that accounts for the physical, environmental and socioeconomic constraints for tidal power conversion schemes is proposed to select favorable locations and to rank them according to their suitability. For this purpose, the model results are incorporated into a Geographical Information System (GIS) database together with other geospatial datasets relevant to the site selection methodology. The methodology is applied to the Georgia coast and the candidate areas with potential are marked.
3
Banerjee, S. "Ocean energy assessment : an integrated methodology." Thesis, Coventry University, 2011. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/16196d0d-e671-489a-ba71-f20cdb6c8df3/1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The huge natural energy resources available in the world’s oceans are attracting increasing commercial and political interest. In order to evaluate the status and the degree of acceptability of future Ocean Energy (OE) schemes, it was considered important to develop an Integrated Assessment Methodology (IAM) for ascertaining the relative merits of the competing OE devices being proposed. Initial studies included the gathering of information on the present status of development of the ocean energy systems on wave, OTEC and tidal schemes with the challenges faced for their commercial application. In order to develop the IAM, studies were undertaken for the development and standardization of the assessment tools focussing on: • Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on emission characteristics. • Energy Accounting (EA) studies. • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) over different environmental issues. • Resource captures aspects. • Defining economy evaluation indices. The IAM developed from such studies comprised of four interrelated well defined tasks and six assessment tools. The tasks included the identification of the modus operandi on data collection to be followed (from industry) for assessing respective OE devices, and also advancing relevant guidelines as to the safety standards to be followed, for their deployment at suitable sites. The IAM as developed and validated from case studies in ascertaining relative merits of competing OE devices included: suitable site selection aspects with scope for resource utilisation capability, safety factors for survivability, scope for addressing global warming & energy accounting, the environmental impact assessment both qualitatively and quantitatively on different environmental issues, and the economic benefits achievable. Some of the new ideas and concepts which were also discovered during the development of the IAM, and considered useful to both industry and researchers are given below: • Relative Product Cost (RPC) ratio concept- introduced in making an economic evaluation. This is considered helpful in sensitivity analysis and making design improvements (hybridising etc) for the cost reduction of OE devices. This index thus helps in making feasibility studies on R&D efforts, where the capital cost requirement data and life span of the device is not well defined in the primary stages of development. • Determination of the threshold limit value of the barrage constant - considered useful in determining the efficacy of the planning process. The concept ascertained the relative efficiency achieved for various barrage proposals globally. It could also be applied to suggest the revisions required for certain barrage proposals and also found useful in predicting the basin area of undefined barrage proposal for achieving economic viability. • Estimations made on the future possibility of revenue earnings from the by-products of various OTEC types, including the scope of chemical hubs from grazing type OTEC plants. • Determination of breakeven point- on cost versus life span of wave and OTEC devices studied, which is useful in designing optimum life of the concerned devices. The above stated multi-criterion assessment methodology, IAM, was extended leading to the development of a single criterion model for ascertaining sustainability percent achievable from an OE device and termed IAMs. The IAMs was developed identifying 7 Sustainability Development Indices (SDI) using some the tools of the IAM. A sustainability scale of 0-100 was also developed, attributing a Sustainability Development Load Score (SDLS) percentage distribution pattern over each SDIs, depending on their relative importance in achieving sustainability. The total sum of sustainability development (SD) gained from each SDI gave the IAMs (for the concerned device), indicating the total sustainable percentage achieved. The above IAMs developed, could be applied in ranking OE devices alongside the unsustainable coal power station. A mathematical model of estimating the IAMs was formulated, in order to ascertain the viability to the sustainable development of any energy device. The instruments of IAM and IAMs which have been developed would be helpful to the OE industry in ascertaining the degree of acceptability of their product. In addition it would also provide guidelines for their safe deployment by assessing the relative merits of competing devices. Furthermore, IAM and IAMs would be helpful to researchers undertaking feasibility studies on R&D efforts for material development research, ‘hybridization studies’ (as also new innovations), cost reduction, the performance improvement of respective devices, and any economic gains. With future advancements in OE systems and the availability of field data from large scale commercial applications, the specific values/data of the IAM & IAMs may be refined, but the logic of the models developed in this research would remain the same.
4
Billing, Suzannah-Lynn. "The role of agents for change in the sustainable development of wave energy in the Highlands and Islands region of Scotland." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2016. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/the-role-of-agents-for-change-in-the-sustainable-development-of-wave-energy-in-the-highlands-and-islands-region-of-scotland(adb7d446-a88e-4451-b39c-a7c0f9acffab).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the Scottish Government's commitment to sourcing 100% of the national electricity demand from renewable sources by 2020, within the global framework of climate change mitigation, the potential of the marine environment around the Highlands and Islands Region of Scotland to add to Scotland's renewables portfolio has led to the expansion of the wave and tidal industries in recent years. Nevertheless, to date, there has been limited research conducted on the social systems around marine renewable energy development, excluding offshore wind. In answer to this deficit, this study explores a well-established concept within the academic arenas of business, health, and rural development, among others, of agents for change (AFCs), within the context of the rapidly emerging wave energy sector. Two case studies, Lewis in the Outer Hebrides, and Orkney, were chosen based on their localities and the interest that they have garnered from wave energy developers due to their high energy marine environments. A grounded approach was taken to data collection and a social power analysis was conducted in order to find AFCs working within or closely with the wave energy industry that were not part of structured or hierarchical organisations. One emergent theme was that there was a noteworthy barrier to wave energy development in the case studies and to the work that the agents for change were doing in the form of a complex dynamic between financial investments in the sector, national grid, national energy policy, and the technology itself. The agents for change were found to act as catalysts for the wave energy industry through their perseverance and visionary approach to development. The motivations of the AFCs is discussed and the shifting roles that they took as a project progresses is described and compared to other change process models, namely Lewin (1958) and Kotter (1995).
5
Xu, Xu. "Nonlinear dynamics of parametric pendulum for wave energy extraction." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=189414.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new concept, extracting energy from sea waves by parametric pendulor, has been explored in this project. It is based on the conversion of vertical oscillations to rotational motion by means of a parametrically-excited pendulor, i.e. a pendulum operating in rotational mode. The main advantage of this concept lies in a direct conversion from vertical oscillations to rotations of the pendulum pivot. This thesis, firstly, reviewed a number of well established linear and nonlinear theories of sea waves and Airy’s sea wave model has been used in the modelling of the sea waves and a parametric pendulum excited by sea waves. The third or fifth order Stokes’s models can be potentially implemented in the future studies. The equation of motion obtained for a parametric pendulum excited by sea waves has the same form as for a simple parametrically-excited pendulum. Then, to deepen the fundamental understanding, an extensive theoretical analysis has been conducted on a parametrically-excited pendulum by using both numerical and analytical methods. The numerical investigations focused on the bifurcation scenarios and resonance structures, particularly, for the rotational motions. Analytical analysis of the system has been performed by applying the perturbation techniques. The approximate solutions, resonance boundary and existing boundary of rotations have been obtained with a good correspondence to numerical results. The experimental study has been carried out by exploring oscillations, rotations and chaotic motions of the pendulum.
6
Rouse, Sally. "Quantifying benthic secondary productivity on artificial structures : maximising the benefit of marine renewable energy devices." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Marine renewable energy developments (MRED) will result in large quantities of infrastructure being deployed in coastal habitats, and the localised exclusion of fishing. The ecological consequences of this scale of deployment are largely unknown, particularly for benthic species. Infrastructure has the capacity to act as artificial reefs (ARs), providing novel habitat, and this may viewed as a benefit of MRED, or a means to mitigate the exclusion of fishing. At present, the functioning of AR ecosystems remains poorly understood. As a measure of ecosystem function, secondary productivity can be used to assess the implications of MRED. The lack of suitable methodology, deployable at relevant scales within time and/or cost constraints, has limited benthic secondary productivity (BSP) quantifications on ARs. Techniques to measure potential BSP and particle flux were developed and applied to the Loch Linnhe Artificial Reef (functionally similar to scour protection material). Variations in BSP and mobile epifaunal densities on, and between, structures in different environments were quantified. Reefs exposed to intermediate current had the highest potential productivity. The BSP on internal areas of structures contributed to the total productive output, but the relative contribution varied according to reef location and design. BSP was primarily determined by particle supply, but the response was not consistent among locations. Mobile epifaunal densities related to reef location, but not reef design, and were highest on reefs in the deepest water and exposed to the fastest currents. The evidence presented in this thesis highlights the need to account for the receiving environment when predicting the ecological consequences of MRED, or when modelling the productive capacity of structures. Such information can be used to suggest modifications to proposed or existing structures in order to maximise their benefit to coastal ecosystems.
7
Yang, Xiufeng. "Ocean current energy resource assessment for the United States." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50352.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ocean currents are an attractive source of clean energy due to their inherent reliability, persistence and sustainability. The Gulf Stream system is of particular interest as a potential energy resource to the United States with significant currents and proximity to the large population on the U.S. east coast. To assess the energy potential from ocean currents for the United States, the characterization of ocean currents along the U.S. coastline is performed in this dissertation. A GIS database that maps the ocean current energy resource distribution for the entire U.S. coastline and also provides joint velocity magnitude and direction probability histograms is developed. Having a geographical constraint by Florida and the Bahamas, the Florida Current has the largest ocean current resource which is fairly stable with prevalent seasonal variability in the upper layer of the water column (~200m). The core of the Florida Current features higher stability than the edges as a result of the meandering and seasonal broadening of the current flow. The variability of the Gulf Stream significantly increases as it flows past the Cape Hatteras. The theoretical energy balance in the Gulf Stream system is examined using the two-dimensional ocean circulation equations based on the assumptions of the Stommel model for quasi-geostrophic subtropical gyres. Additional turbine drag is formulated and incorporated in the model to represent power extraction by turbines. Parameters in the model are calibrated against ocean observational data such that the model can reproduce the volume and kinetic energy fluxes in the Gulf Stream. The results show that considering extraction over a region comprised of the entire Florida Current portion of the Gulf Stream system, the theoretical upper bound of averaged power dissipation is around 5.1 GW, or 45 TWh/yr. If the extraction area comprises the entire portion of the Gulf Stream within 200 miles of the U.S. coastline, the theoretical upper bound of averaged power dissipation becomes approximately 18.6 GW or 163 TWh/yr. The impact of the power extraction is primarily constrained in the vicinity of the turbine region, and includes a significant reduction of flow strength and water level drop in the power extraction site. The turbines also significantly reduce residual energy fluxes in the flow, and cause redirection of the Gulf Stream. A full numerical simulation of the ocean circulation in the Atlantic Ocean is performed using Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and power extraction from the Florida Current is modeled as additional momentum sink. Effects of power extraction are shown to include flow rerouting from the Florida Strait channel to the east side of the Bahamas. Flow redirection is stronger during peak summer flow resulting in less seasonal variability in both power extraction and residual fluxes in the Florida Current. A significant water level drop is shown at the power extraction site, and so is a slight water level rise along the coasts of Florida and the Gulf. The sum of extracted power and the residual energy flux in the Florida Current is lower than the original energy flux in the baseline case, indicating a net loss of energy reserve in the Florida Current channel due to flow redirection. The impact from power extraction on the mean flow field is concentrated in the near field of the power extraction site, while shifts in the far flow field in time and space have little impact on the overall flow statistics.
8
Helkin, Steven Alexander. "Design and optimization of a wave energy harvester utilizing a flywheel energy storage system." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4774.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis details the design and optimization of a buoy used to collect renewable energy from ocean waves. The proposed buoy is a point absorber--a device that transforms the kinetic energy of the vertical motion of surface waves into electrical energy. The focus of the research is on the mechanical system used to collect the energy, and methods to improve it for eventual use in an actual wave energy harvester. A flywheel energy storage system was utilized in order to provide an improved power output from the system, even with the intermittent input of force exerted by ocean waves. A series of laboratory prototypes were developed to analyze parameters that are important to the success of the point absorb mechanical system. By introducing a velocity-based load control scheme in conjunction with flywheel energy storage, it was seen that the average power output by the prototype was increased. The generator load is controlled via a relay switch that removes electrical resistance from the generator--this sacrifices time during which power is drawn from the system, but also allows the buoy to move with less resistance. A simulation model was developed in order to analyze the theoretical wave absorber system and optimize the velocity threshold parameters used in the load control. Results indicate that the power output by the system can be substantially improved through the use of a flywheel energy storage control scheme that engages and disengages the electrical load based on the rotational velocity of the flywheel system. The results of the optimization are given for varying-sized generator systems input into the simulation in order to observe the associated trends.ID: 030646228; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.M.E.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-114).
M.S.M.E.
Masters
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering; Computer Aided Mechanical Engineering Track
9
Schneider, Bettina. "Economic feasibility study for the wave energy technology of Gaia Power Group Pty Ltd." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.Gaia Power is a South African start-up in the renewable energy industry. Among other products, they developed a wave energy converter, which is a device used to extract energy from ocean waves. This research deals with the economic feasibility study of the wave energy converter. Wave energy is a young field of research, especially in the South African context. Therefore sources for multiple angles of the project had to be found, analysed and brought into the Gaia Power context. Understanding the cost drivers of a wave energy plant was the foundation of the research itself. The Gaia Power specific levelised cost of electricity generation was calculated based on actual supplier quotes, reference costs found in the literature as well as assumptions. Still, such a calculation is actually more an estimation due to a high uncertainty level in all cost components. Especially the construction cost as well as the discount rate used have therefore been tested for sensitivity. Gaia Power‟s target production cost was R0.54 kWh, which equalled the Eskom tariff at the time of this research. Taking into account a R0.10/kWh fee payable to Eskom, the target cost sank to R0.44, which is about 25 percent lower than the minimum value for electricity generation cost found in the literature. This target was therefore expected to be and proved to be difficult to reach. The calculated levelised electricity cost was R0.99/kWh, with a possible range of R0.54/kWh to R1.60/kWh observed in the sensitivity analysis. These results show that the Gaia Power wave energy converter in the given specifications was not economically feasible. It was therefore recommended to rethink the specifications in order to reduce construction cost, which proved to be the largest cost driver. Besides the quantitative findings, this research also has a strong qualitative side. During the whole research it became obvious that there was an overall high risk level in the project due to the lack of experience with wave energy in general and in South Africa specifically, as well as the high impact of weather on the construction. Those risks were identified, analysed and recommended mitigation actions were derived.
10
Romaniuk, O. "Renewable energy sources." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13666.
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Kondratyuk, O. V. "Renewable energy sources in Ukraine." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13612.
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Malý, Jan. "Renewable Energy Sources Support Policy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Renewable energy sources support policy employs a great variety of economic tools in order to promote the use of green energy. Following thesis at first offers an overview and economic insight into the most applied ones. Since the majority of the European Union Member States nowadays prefer so-called feed-in tariffs schemes we proceed in-depth analysis of effectiveness of that instrument in electricity sector in four selected European countries Austria, Czech Republic, Germany and Spain. An effectiveness indicator which compares marginal electricity generation potential with additional realizable potential of particular renewable energy sources technology is used for that analysis. The results clearly show that the best practice of feed-in tariff design is pursued in Germany where the special set of tariff design and adjustment measures is applied.
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Viterbo, Jean Carlo. "Geração de energia elétrica a partir da fonte eólica offshore." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3135/tde-26092008-104511/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nas últimas décadas, a fonte eolielétrica é a que sinaliza maior crescimento mundial dentre as demais. A curva de aprendizagem tecnológica do setor mostra queda do custo entre 15% a 20% a cada 3 anos. Países ativos no setor eólico se esforçam pela meta de 12% de participação na produção elétrica mundial em 2020. A contribuição da geração eolielétrica offshore é fundamental para essa meta, pela proximidade aos centros de carga, com ganhos de eficiência, de escala e reduzido impacto ambiental e visual. Apesar do crescimento do parque gerador nacional em 2006, há carência na produção no curto prazo. Contraditoriamente, há ventos abundantes para geração eolielétrica e o prévio arcabouço industrial que seria necessário para desenvolver o setor. Apesar do incentivo governamental (PROINFA), o setor eólico brasileiro ainda não decolou como esperado. O objetivo deste trabalho é reforçar o debate sobre a importância da diversificação da matriz, em prol da estratégia de segurança do suprimento energético nacional e da redução da emissão de gases de efeito estufa. Em rumo a esse objetivo, são colocados argumentos com abordagem ampla e com abordagem específica. Na abordagem ampla, esta pesquisa propõe uma maior inserção da fonte eólica na matriz elétrica nacional como uma das opções a serem consideradas de maneira mais relevante nas táticas de diversificação da matriz, a exemplo do que já fazem países com maior abundância de gás natural que o Brasil, como o Reino Unido. Sob um ponto de vista específico, a investigação exemplifica possibilidades de contribuição da fonte eolielétrica, na sua versão offshore, para as táticas de diversificação da matriz nacional que se entendem importantes, a exemplo do já fazem países com maior predominância da fonte hidráulica que o Brasil, como a Noruega. O método utilizado para se alcançar o objetivo desta dissertação envolve os seguintes passos: (1) esclarecer quanto aos principais aspectos do setor energético a nível mundial e o problema ambiental que está vinculado à produção de energia por fontes fósseis; (2) esclarecer quanto aos aspectos do desenvolvimento de sistemas eolielétricos onshore no Brasil e no mundo e também do desenvolvimento de sistemas offshore em países de interesse; (3) explorar exemplos de articulação dos sistemas eólicos offshore com projetos de produção de energia fóssil em ambiente marítimo, como forma de produzir sinergia útil a ambos os setores; (4) analisar e debater sobre as propostas do governo brasileiro para o futuro da matriz elétrica do país; (5) propor algumas possibilidades de desenvolvimento de sistemas eólicos offshore no Brasil, partindo de pequenos projetos-piloto. Caso as propostas deste trabalho se tornem realizadas, os resultados para este país líder em energia limpa e renovável seriam: a criação de valor nas operações offshore de produção de energia fóssil, o ganho de aprendizagem sobre a tecnologia eólica, o alívio parcial da oferta energética para centros litorâneos no curto prazo; a racionalização do uso, transporte e dependência externa do gás natural; a dinamização dos Mecanismos de Desenvolvimento Limpo (CDM / MDL) e de novos mercados e empregos para a indústria.In the last decade wind power source was the fastest-growing energy source. Technological learning curves for this sector fall down by a 15% a 20% rate each 3 years. Countries which are committed with wind power are running after the target of 12% wind into the worlds electrical production by 2020. The contribution of the offshore wind power (OWP) source is fundamental on covering such target, due to the proximity to load centers, efficiency & scale savings and reduced environmental and visual impact. Although the growth of the Brazilian power generation system in 2006, there is a gap on fulfilling demand in the short run. Nevertheless, Brazil has abundance of winds suitable for power generation, as a previous industrial framework, necessary on developing this sector. Even that a governmental program has come (PROINFA), wind power sector has not risen as expected yet. The goal of this thesis is to reinforce the debate about the importance on diversifying the Brazilian power matrix, towards the strategy of energy security supply as the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions. On reaching such a goal, this thesis states arguments by a generic approach and also by a specific approach. In the generic approach, it proposes a larger share for wind into the Brazilian electrical matrix as one of the options that should be considered in a more relevant manner for the tactics of diversifying the electrical matrix, following the example given by countries with larger abundance than Brazil regarding on natural gas production, as it is the case of the United Kingdom. In the specific approach, this investigation exemplifies possibilities of contributions from the OWP for the tactics of diversifying the matrix, following the example given by a country with higher predominance than Brazil regarding on using large hydropower as the main national power source, which is the case of Norway. The method taken for reaching the thesis goal involves the following steps: (1) to clarify on some aspects regarding energy production and its respective environmental problem related to the greenhouse gases emissions;(2) to clarify some aspects about the development of wind energy systems in Brazil and in the world and also some aspects about the development of OWP projects in selected countries; (3) to explore examples of articulation between OWP systems with offshore fossil energy production systems, in order to argue about the synergy that is possible between them; (4) to analyze and debate about the Brazilian governments proposal for the electrical matrix in the long run; (5) to propose some possibilities of developing OWP systems in Brazil, starting by small-scale pilot projects. If the case the propositions of this thesis come true in the future, the earnings for this country, which a world leader in clean & renewable energy, would be the following: value creation into the offshore fossil energy production; growth of learning about the OWP technologies; the partial relief of power supply for the coastal load centers; rationalization on the use, transport and foreign dependence of natural gas resources; pushing dynamics for Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM), as for industrial markets and employment.
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Johnson, Darrin B. "Federal renewable-energy research and development funding and innovation /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131423535.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
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Yan, Zuanhong. "Control of fluctuating renewable energy sources : energy quality & energy filters." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8568/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This doctoral study discusses how to control fluctuating renewable energy sources at converter, unit, and system layers to deliver smoothed power output to the grid. This is particularly relevant to renewable power generation since the output power of many kinds of renewable energy sources have huge fluctuations (e.g. solar, wind and wave) that needs to be properly treated for grid integration. In this research, the energy quality is developed to describe the friendliness and compatibility of power flows/waveforms to the grid, by contrast with the well-known concept of power quality which is used to assess the voltage and current waveforms. In Chapter 1 & 2, a background introduction and a literature review of studied subjects are presented, respectively. In Chapter 3, the problem of determining the PI parameters in dq decoupling control of voltage source converter (VSC) is studied based on a state-space model. The problems of the conventional method when there is insufficient interface resistance are addressed. New methods are proposed to overcome these drawbacks. In Chapter 4 & 5, energy quality and the energy filters (EFs) are proposed as tools to assess and manage power fluctuations of renewable energy sources. The proposed EFs are energy storage control systems that could be implemented on a variety of energy storage hardware. EFs behave like low-pass filters to the power flows. Finally, in Chapter 6, as an application example of renewable power plant with energy filter control and smoothed power output, a master-slave wave farm system is proposed. The wave farm system uses enlarged rotor inertia of electric machines as self-energy storage devices.
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Ashby, Scott John. "Remaining off-line : an investigation of Australia's reaction to renewable energy technology development /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09enva823.pdf.
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Griffin, James. "Improving cost-effectiveness and mitigating risks of renewable energy requirements." Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2008. http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/2008/RAND_RGSD236.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--RAND Graduate School, 2008.Title from title screen (viewed on Oct. 24, 2008). "This document was submitted as a dissertation in September 2008 in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the doctoral degree in public policy analysis at the Pardee RAND Graduate School." --T.p. Includes bibliographical references: p. 168-178.
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Mendes, Barlach Leonardo. "Dynamic modelling of variable renewable energy generation sources." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 56).
Renewable energy is one of the most important technologies for decarbonizing the economy and fighting climate change. In recent years, wind energy has become cheaper and more widely adopted. However, the variable nature of wind production creates unique challenges that are not faced by conventional thermal technologies. Several studies to date have showed the decrease in economic value of wind energy as penetration increases due to this variable nature. Plus, they also show that high wind penetration favors intermediate energy sources such as natural gas. I claim however, that few of these studies have considered the dynamic behavior and feedbacks of these systems, including investment delays and learning curves. This thesis uses system dynamics models to simulate the long term changes in the electric grid for Texas. The goal is to test two hypothesis: that the economic value of wind energy decreases as penetration increases, and that variable wind production favors natural gas technologies. It does this by calculating how wind energy changes the shape of the net load duration curve for a given region. This affect changes the profitability of different technologies in unique ways, due to their different fix and variable costs. The conclusions of this thesis are consistent with the literature, with the caveat that they are highly dependent on assumptions regarding the learning curve for energy technologies. The economic value of wind decreases, but this effect can be compensated by lower costs, leading to a continuing adaptation. Faster Wind adoption also reduces the profitably of technologies with high fixed costs such as coal and nuclear, and favors intermediate and peaking sources such as natural gas.
by Leonardo Mendes Barlach.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Jhala, Kumarsinh. "Coordinated electric vehicle charging with renewable energy sources." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19767.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Balasubramaniam Natarajan
Anil Pahwa
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular because of their low operating costs and environmentally friendly operation. However, the anticipated increase of EV usage and increased use of renewable energy sources and smart storage devices for EV charging presents opportunities as well as challenges. Time-varying electricity pricing and day-ahead power commitment adds another dimension to this problem. This thesis, describes development of coordinated EV charging strategies for renewable energy-powered charging stations at homes and parking lots. We develop an optimal control theory-based charging strategy that minimizes power drawn from the electricity grid while utilizing maximum energy from renewable energy sources. Specifically, we derive a centralized iterative control approach in which charging rates of EVs are optimized one at a time. We also propose an algorithm that maximizes profits for parking lot operators by advantageously utilizing time-varying electricity pricing while satisfying system constraints. We propose a linear programming-based strategy for EV charging, and we specifically derive a centralized linear program that minimizes charging costs for parking lot operators while satisfying customer demand in available time. Then we model EV charging behavior of Active Consumers. We develop a real-time pricing scheme that results in favorable load profile for electric utility by influencing EV charging behavior of Active Consumers. We develop this pricing scheme as a game between electric utility and Active Consumers, in which the electric utilities decide optimal electricity prices that minimize peak-to-average load ratio and Active Consumers decide optimal charging strategy that minimizes EV charging costs for Active Consumers.
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Nielsen, Knut Erik. "Superconducting magnetic energy storage in power systems with renewable energy sources." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing focus on large scale integration of new renewable energy sources like wind power and wave power introduces the need for energy storage. Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) is a promising alternative for active power compensation. Having high efficiency, very fast response time and high power capability it is ideal for levelling fast fluctuations. This thesis investigates the feasibility of a current source converter as a power conditioning system for SMES applications. The current source converter is compared with the voltage source converter solution from the project thesis. A control system is developed for the converter. The modulation technique is also investigated. The SMES is connected in shunt with an induction generator, and is facing a stiff network. The objective of the SMES is to compensate for power fluctuations from the induction generator due to variations in wind speed. The converter is controlled by a PI-regulator and a current compensation technique deduced from abc-theory. Simulations on the system are carried out using the software PSIM. The simulations have proved that the SMES works as both an active and reactive power compensator and smoothes power delivery to the grid. The converter does however not seem like an optimum solution at the moment. High harmonic distortion of the output currents is the main reason for this. However this system might be interesting for low power applications like wave power. I
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Kiljanov, Grigory. "Accumulation of energy in autonomous power plants using renewable energy sources." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264272.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kiljanov G.M. Energy storage in autonomous power plants using renewable energy sources, 2017 - p.104, 11 tables, 40 pic. Head Bessel V.V., Professor, Ph.D. Department of Thermodynamics and Thermal Engines. An analysis of existing energy storage devices in the world is carried out. The scientific and technical basis of energy storage. The device and the operating principle of an autonomous combined power plant with an energy storage device are considered. On the basis of the technological calculation, an optimal combination of a wind generator, a system of solar panels and a reservoir, which can provide reliable and uninterrupted power generation, was chosen. The economic efficiency of the project on the use of combined medium power plants at gas production facilities in remote areas was estimated. Conclusions are drawn about the advisability of introducing energy systems based on renewable sources with energy storage devices at the country's enterprises.Kilyanov G.M. Energilagring i autonoma kraftverk som använder förnybara energikällor, 2017 - s.105, 11 tabeller, 40 bild. Chef Bessel V.V., professor, Ph.D. Institutionen för termodynamik och termiska motorer. En analys av befintliga energilagringsenheter i världen utförs. Den vetenskapliga och tekniska grunden för energilagring. Enheten och driftsprincipen för ett autonomt kombinerat kraftverk med en energilagringsanordning beaktas. Baserat på den tekniska beräkningen valdes en optimal kombination av en vindgenerator, ett system av solpaneler och en reservoar, som kan ge pålitlig och oavbruten elproduktion. Projektets ekonomiska effektivitet på användningen av kombinerade medelkraftverk vid gasproduktionsanläggningar i avlägsna områden uppskattades. Slutsatser dras om att det är lämpligt att införa energisystem baserade på förnyelsebara källor med energilagringsenheter hos landets företag.
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Sakib, Nazmus. "Effects of incorporating renewable energy sources into the electricity grid." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53485.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the increasing demand for energy throughout the world, the environment around us is getting severely affected. The conventional energy sources (coal, oil and gas) are unfortunately the biggest polluters of the environment. The aforementioned energy sources emit greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, which are responsible for global warming and ozone layer depletion.
The only feasible answer to this problem is to reduce the use of the conventional energy sources and focus more on other energy sources. The renewable energy sources (solar, wind and hydro) have been present in nature, but the technology to harvest these energies have always been relatively expensive until recently. The biggest advantage of using renewable energy sources is the fact that these energy sources will never run out and they also do not pollute the environment as their more conventional counterparts.
With more research being conducted into better ways of storing the power trapped from the renewable energy sources and the relative difficulty of obtaining the ever-depleting conventional energy sources, the future for renewable energy sources definitely looks better than at any time in the past
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Ninikas, Konstantinos. "Opportunities for renewable heat energy from shallow geothermal sources." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.726798.
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Shendryk, S. O. "Decision support in managment of hybrid renewable energy sources." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays the distributed energy generation and renewable energy sources (RES) are the main areas of energy development all over the world. They play a significant role in improving the reliability and quality of the supplied electricity. Various forms of RESs using solar and wind energy are also proposed.
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Zenkert, Patrik, and Douglas Lowén. "Automatic control of renewable energy sources at varying load." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the current climate crisis with the global temperature increasing due to fossil fuels being used there are big investments in green energy. Wind power is a good alternative to fossil fueled power and already has a widespread use. One of the problems with wind poweris control and keeping the grid frequency stable during peaks and lows of power generation. In this master thesis there is a goal to implement a system which can regulate wind mills while always trying to use as much wind power as possible. A model was built in Matlab to represent the final product which was translated into a SCADA system. A fully integrated communication from SCADA computer to PLC to IED to wind mill and back was built. The simulation in the SCADA system gave satisfactory result where the wind power wasutilized to the maximum, and other conditions met. The laboratory experiment with an Arduino represented as the wind mill lacked in communication and the model did not achieveperfect results in every case. There is future work to be done, improved communication, additional or alternative automatic control and creating a bigger system with several powerproducers integrated.
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Aldaoudeyeh, Al Motasem. "Weak Power Grid Analysis for Renewable Energy Sources Integration." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Weakness analysis based on grid strength assessment is useful for identifying potential weak grid issues. However, when taking into account the impact of the interactions among Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), the weakness analysis becomes computationally challenging. Different combinations of PointsofInterconnections (POIs) of RESs may have different impacts on grid strength at each POI. Due to the combination nature, such weakness analysis may be time-consuming when identifying the weakest combination of POIs from a large number of potential candidate locations in realistic power grids. This dissertation addresses the topic of determination of the weakest RESs combinations. Based on impedance ratios as a criterion, the dissertation shows that the impacts of impedance ratios magnitudes and angles are ?quasi-mutually exclusive?. Such a concept is then used to reduce the computational burden with a fast screening algorithm.
To further understand the impact of network components on grid strength, vector-based interaction analysis is developed based on the concepts of operational transfer impedances and operational interaction operators. In particular, this dissertation shows how mathematical models of interaction of multiple RESs can be simplified by replacing them with equivalent impedances, allowing us to simplify the mathematical expressions that quantify interactions among RESs. The conclusions and concepts established based on simplified models are statistically tested for their applicability to the generalized interaction model. The result would be a more simplified mathematical representation of interaction among RESs.
Finally, a new technique is presented to efficiently update the Bus Impedance Matrix (Zbus) following changes in the series impedance of a branch. Conventionally, such update requires redundant recalculations, which involve matrix inversion operations (i.e., inverting the Bus Admittance Matrix, Ybus) and thus cause high computational burden because of potential matrix ill-conditioning, especially for largescale power grids. This dissertation overcomes these shortcomings by deriving an analytical expression for changes in Zbus in terms of its old elements and the variation of the impedance of a given branch. Hence, the computation overhead is comparatively small, and no issues arise due to the new Ybus being ill-conditioned. Such contribution helps facilitate real-time applications of methods that rely on Zbus.
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Peker, Zeynep Süel Akın. "Integrating renewable energy technologies into cities through urban planning: In the case of geothermal and wind energy/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/doktora/sehirplanlama/T000428.pdf.
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Homon, Bohdan. "Combined power supply system converting unit with renewable sources." Thesis, Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту ім. академіка В. Лазаряна, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9329.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the implementation of renewable energy sources in local electrical systems such as solar battery, wind turbines. The improvement and wide spread of the sources of distributed generation renewable energy sources is one of the ways to improve the energy security of the country.Стаття присвячена питанню впровадження відновлювальних джерел енергії (сонячна батарея, вітрові турбіни) в місцевих електричних системах. Покращення та широке розповсюдження поновлюваних джерел енергії розподіленої генерації є одним із способів підвищення енергетичної безпеки країни.
Статья посвящена вопросу внедрения возобновляемых источников энергии (солнечная батарея, ветровые турбины) в местных электрических системах. Улучшение и широкое распространение возобновляемых источников энергии распределенной генерации является одним из способов повышения энергетической безопасности страны.
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Guduru, Giridhar Reddy. "Management of energy and power using renewable energy sources based on ZigBee." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10004167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The energy and power used at various areas like households and industries is increasing gradually due to many reasons and there is a need to sustain it. This project introduces a method to reduce the energy used in a household by considering the energy sources and the amount of energy used by the appliances concurrently. Modules are used to measure and check the energy utilized by the appliances using ZigBee. Energy is generated on a conventional basis using three sources: solar panel, wind mill and conventional power. An inverter and a battery are used to connect these sources to a grid. When a device is connected, the units of power consumed are computed and shown on the LCD using LPC2148 microcontroller. The output of the battery is connected to the controller, which shows the voltage of the battery and also selects the best source to be used. Modules use a 5V supply and the controller uses 3.3V power supply. Voltage is controlled with the help of a 7805 voltage regulator and the output of transformer is revised by a rectifier.
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Shvets, O. "The influence of renewable energy sources on the prospects of nuclear energy." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10804.
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Ahmed, Rana. "Energy management and control for hybrid renewable energy sources in rural area." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4353.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse propose principalement, un algorithme État-Flow MPPT basé P&O, amélioré avec deux degrés de liberté, dans lequel le système événementiel (MPPT) de comportement est modélisé par le décrivant en terme de transition entre les états, sous certaines conditions. Secondairement, un algorithme étendu MPPT, base d'exploitation en parallèle de l'état-débit est en outre proposé d'être une solution difficile pour le contrôle indépendant du système hybride, où la caractéristique de contrôle continu peut se présenter au cours d'un certain état de travail tout en discrète, est indiquée le long des transitions d'état. Deux configurations possibles pour le système hybride sont proposées : deux convertisseurs DC/DC séparés, et un convertisseur de sortie unique à double entrée (DISO) de configurations. Enfin, il est proposé, un comportement du système DC modélisation utilisant État-Flow, menant à l'ensemble de la conception de la stratégie de commande qui concernent RES MPPT, RES et la coordination BESS, la stabilité du système d'alimentation et de régulation de la tension du bus DC. La simulation et les résultats expérimentaux valident l'efficacité et l'applicabilité de l'algorithme proposé. Les deux résultats montrent la supériorité du MPPT basé proposé État-Flow pour réduire les oscillations de puissance RESs à l'état d'équilibre dans diverses conditions d'exploitation, en plus de son démarrage plus rapide, et l’opération de transition sans divergence de la MPP, selon des conditions météorologiques variablesThis thesis primarily proposes, an improved P&O based State-Flow MPPT algorithm featuring two degree of freedom, in which the event driven system (MPPT) behaviour is modelled by describing it in terms of transitions among states under certain conditions. Secondarily, an extended parallel operating State-Flowbased MPPT algorithm is further proposed to be a challenging solution for the independent control of the hybrid system, where continuous control characteristic can present during a certain working state while discrete one is indicated along state transitions. Two possible configurations for the hybrid system are proposed; two separate DC/DC converters and dual input single output converter (DISO) configurations. Finally it is proposed, DC system behaviour modelling using State-Flow leading to the whole control strategy design which concern RESs MPPT, RESs and BESS coordination, power system stability and DC bus voltage regulation.Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed algorithm, both results show the superiority of the proposed State-Flow based MPPT in reducing the RESs power oscillations at steady-state in various operating conditions in addition to its faster start-up and transition operation without divergence from the MPP during sudden varying weather conditions
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Aljaism, Wadah A., University of Western Sydney, and School of Engineering and Industrial Design. "Control method for renewable energy generators." THESIS_XXX_EID_Aljaism_W.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/796.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis presents a study on the design method to optimise the performance for producing green power from multiple renewable energy generators. The design method is presented through PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) theory. All the digital and analogue inputs are connected to the input cards. According to different operations conditions for each generator, the PLC will image all the inputs and outputs, from these images; a software program has been built to create a control method for multiple renewable energy generators to optimise production of green power. A control voltage will supply the output contractor from each generator via an interface relay. Three renewable generators (wind, solar, battery bank) have been used in the model system and the fourth generator is the back up diesel generator. The priority is for the wind generator due to availability of wind 24 hours a day, then solar, battery bank, and LPG or Diesel generators. Interlocking between the operations of the four contractors has been built to prevent interface between them. Change over between contractors, according to the generator's change over has also been built, so that it will delay supplying the main bus bar to prevent sudden supply to the load. Further study for controlling multiple renewable energy generators for different conditions such as controlling the multi-renewable energy generators from remote, or supplying weather forecast data from bureau of meteorology to the PLC directly as recommended.Master of Electrical Engineering (Hons)
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Mok, Hei-lun Allen. "An education and research centre on renewable energy." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25947205.
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Templeton, Jeffrey. "Abandoned petroleum wells as sustainable/renewable sources of geothermal energy." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121344.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Geothermal energy is an important emerging renewable technology that has the potential to provide power from a virtually unlimited reserve worldwide. The downside to exploiting geothermal energy is the capital intensive drilling of the borehole needed to access relatively hot resources located deep under the ground. However, abandoned petroleum wells present an interesting opportunity to circumvent the capital costs associated with drilling. This thesis proposes a sophisticated heat transfer model that is capable of realistically simulating the heat flow through a double pipe heat exchanger and the surrounding rock mass. The sophisticated model is compared with the analytical cylindrical source model, and two numerical models and reaches comparable results. The purpose of this model is to provide an accurate and realistic representation of heat flow and temperature distribution for a heat exchanger retrofitted to an abandoned well. The effects that inlet fluid temperature, insulation, thermal conductivity of the rock mass, mass flow rate of the working fluid, and vertical movement of groundwater have on the sustainability and performance of the double pipe heat exchanger are investigated. A constant power model is also proposed in order to assess the sustainable rate of heat extraction from a geothermal resource.L'énergie géothermique est une technologie renouvelable émergente importante qui a le potentiel de fournir de l'énergie d'une source pratiquement illimitée. Le désavantage de l'énergie géothermique est l'ampleur du capital des forages qui sont requis pour accéder aux ressources plus chaudes. Utiliser les forages de pétrole abandonnés est une opportunité originale pour circonvenir ce désavantage. Cette thèse propose un modèle sophistiqué qui est capable de simuler le flux de chaleur à travers un échangeur de chaleur à tube double et le flux de chaleur à travers la masse rocheuse autour du forage. Le modèle sophistiqué est comparé avec le modèle analytique de source cylindrique, et deux autres modèles numériques et arrivent aux résultats comparables. Le but de cette modèle sophistiqué est de fournir une représentation précise et réaliste du flux de chaleur et la distribution de la température pour un échangeur de chaleur situé dans un forage de pétrole abandonné. Les effets de la température d'entrée de fluide, l'isolation, la conductivité thermique de la masse rocheuse, le taux de débit massique du fluide actif, et le mouvement vertical de l'eau souterraine sur la durabilité et performance de la conception sont enquêtés. Un modèle de puissance constante est aussi proposé pour l'extraction de l'énergie géothermique encore plus durable.
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Kaloud, Tobias. "Renewable Energy Sources and Investment in European Power Transmission Networks." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5576/1/wp249.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the past decade, renewable energy sources have become an indispensable pillar in European electricity generation. This paper aims at examining if the increasing importance of renewables stimulates investment in European power transmission networks. The question of interest is addressed by an error correction investment model that builds on Neoclassical theory and is further augmented by recent literary findings. Under the proposed threefold estimation strategy, the share of renewables is not found to significantly influence investment spending when the full set of transmission system operators are considered. However, a slight and justified sample restriction leads to the conclusion that a rising share of renewable energy sources substantially increases investment in power transmission networks.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Khazaei, Javad Khazaei. "Distributed Coordination and Control of Renewable Energy Sources in Microgrids." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microgrid is an emerging technology in the eld of electrical engineering which employs the concept of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in order to generate electricity in a small sized power system. The main objectives of this dissertation are to: 1- design a new control for lower level control of DERs in microgrids, 2- implement distributed upper level control for DERs in microgrids and 3- apply analytical approaches in order to analyze DERs in microgrids. The control in each DER can be divided into two main categories: lower and upper level. Lower level control is the main objective of control in each DER. For example, the lower level control in Photovoltaic (PV) is in charge of transferring the maximum power from sun into the main grid. Unlike the lower level control, the upper level control is an additional control loop on top of the lower level controls. For example, Voltage/Frequency (VF) controllers are installed on top of Active/Reactive (PQ) power controller in energy storage devices as upper level control. In this dissertation, for the lower level control improvements, two widely used DERs are selected (PV, and oshore wind farm) and new control algorithms are developed in order to improve the performance of lower level controllers in these DERs. For the PV lower level improvement, a new control methodology is proposed in order to minimize the maximum power tracking error in PV lower level controller. Second contribution in lower level control is for the oshore wind farm applications based on Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MTDC) transmission; a new control is designed in order to minimize the losses in transmission lines through lower level control of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) converters.
For the upper level control, this dissertation considers the energy storage as another mostly used type of DER in microgrids. The lower level control for energy storage is in charge of controlling the PQ of the energy storage. The main contribution in the upper level control is to implement the distributed control algorithm based on consensus theory for battery energy storages in order to maximize the efficiency, energy management as well as synchronizing the performance of parallel energy storage devices in microgrids. In this case, the consensus based distributed control algorithm with limited information exchange between neighboring energy storage units is proposed and implemented to validate the claim.
The third contribution of this research is to apply advanced analysis techniques to evaluate the performance of the DERs in microgrids. Two approaches are introduced for microgrid modeling in this research. Firstly, an impedance modeling technique is used to model the oshore wind farm connected to the main AC grid through HVDC transmission line. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Nyquist analysis and singular value analysis are used to assess the interactions between HVDC converter and grid. Secondly, an unbalanced microgrid is considered and Dynamic Phasor (DP) analysis is applied in order to nd the stability limitations under different scenarios.
This dissertation has led to seven journal papers (five published, one journal in revision process and one journal submitted recently) and four conference papers.
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Tse, Man-sze. "Benefits and costs of developing renewable energy in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37120840.
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Ahame, Edmund. "Statistical model for risk diversification in renewable energy." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008399.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growth of the industry and population of South Africa urges to seek new sources of electric power, hence the need to look at alternative power sources. Power output from some renewable energy sources is highly volatile. For instance power output from wind turbines or photovoltaic solar panels fluctuates between zero and the maximum rated power out. To optimize the overall power output a model was designed to determine the best trade-off between production from two or more renewable energy sources putting emphasis on wind and solar. Different measures of risk, such as coefficient of variation (CV) and value at risk (VAR), were used to determine the best hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) configuration. Depending on the investors’ expected returns (demand) and risk averseness, they will be able to use the model to choose the best configuration that suites their needs. In general it was found that investing in a diversified HRES is better than investing in individual power sources.
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Parvanyan, Tigran. "Renewable Portfolio Standard : an analysis of design and implementation issues /." Link to online version, 2005. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/1139.
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Kusakana, Kanzumba. "Optimal operation control of hybrid renewable energy systems." Thesis, Bloemfontein: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (D. Tech. (Electrical Engineering)) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014For a sustainable and clean electricity production in isolated rural areas, renewable energies appear to be the most suitable and usable supply options. Apart from all being renewable and sustainable, each of the renewable energy sources has its specific characteristics and advantages that make it well suited for specific applications and locations. Solar photovoltaic and wind turbines are well established and are currently the mostly used renewable energy sources for electricity generation in small-scale rural applications. However, for areas in which adequate water resources are available, micro-hydro is the best supply option compared to other renewable resources in terms of cost of energy produced. Apart from being capital-cost-intensive, the other main disadvantages of the renewable energy technologies are their resource-dependent output powers and their strong reliance on weather and climatic conditions. Therefore, they cannot continuously match the fluctuating load energy requirements each and every time. Standalone diesel generators, on the other hand, have low initial capital costs and can generate electricity on demand, but their operation and maintenance costs are very high, especially when they run at partial loads. In order for the renewable sources to respond reliably to the load energy requirements, they can be combined in a hybrid energy system with back-up diesel generator and energy storage systems. The most important feature of such a hybrid system is to generate energy at any time by optimally using all available energy sources. The fact that the renewable resources available at a given site are a function of the season of the year implies that the fraction of the energy provided to the load is not constant. This means that for hybrid systems comprising diesel generator, renewable sources and battery storage in their architecture, the renewable energy fraction and the energy storage capacity are projected to have a significant impact on the diesel generator fuel consumption, depending on the complex interaction between the daily variation of renewable resources and the non-linear load demand. V This was the context on which this research was based, aiming to develop a tool to minimize the daily operation costs of standalone hybrid systems. However, the complexity of this problem is of an extremely high mathematical degree due to the non-linearity of the load demand as well as the non-linearity of the renewable resources profiles. Unlike the algorithms already developed, the objective was to develop a tool that could minimize the diesel generator control variables while maximizing the hydro, wind, solar and battery control variables resulting in saving fuel and operation costs. An innovative and powerful optimization model was then developed capable of efficiently dealing with these types of problems. The hybrid system optimal operation control model has been simulated using fmincon interior-point in MATLAB. Using realistic and actual data for several case studies, the developed model has been successfully used to analyse the complex interaction between the daily non-linear load, the non-linear renewable resources as well as the battery dynamic, and their impact on the hybrid system’s daily operation cost minimization. The model developed, as well as the solver and algorithm used in this work, have low computational requirements for achieving results within a reasonable time, therefore this can be seen as a faster and more accurate optimization tool.
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Wang, Huizhi, and 王慧至. "Electrochemical conversion of aluminum energy: energy efficiency, co-production concept and systemcharacteristics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4697040X.
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Aljaism, Wadah. "Control method for renewable energy generators /." View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031223.093139/index.html.
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Chiarelli, Andrea. "Energy harvesting pavements using air convection." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37958/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pavements are one of the most important components of modern civil infrastructure systems. Being constantly exposed to weather conditions, pavements may be subject to heating and cooling cycles, which vary as a function of the location and are proven to reduce the lifespan and reliability of our transport infrastructure. The most extreme effects of weather are generally seen in the form of overheating of the paving materials or freezing of the pavement surface. In this Thesis, natural convection of air is considered as a means to harvest heat from pavements during hot periods and to provide heat to them when the weather is cold. In the research presented, a buoyancy-driven air flow is allowed through metal pipes installed under an asphalt wearing course. The analysis of the phenomena at work is performed from an experimental, computational, and theoretical point of view. The main contribution to research provided by this Thesis it that the experiments performed show that a convection-powered air flow can be effectively used for the reduction or increase of pavement temperatures up to about �5°C. Moreover, the effects of variations in the design of energy harvesting pavements are quantified and discussed, proving that the installation of all pipes in a single row under the wearing course of a pavement is the overall best solution for the implementation of this technology. Finally, CFD simulations suggest that the air pores that are naturally present in asphalt mixtures are not suitable to allow the air flow required for convection-powered energy harvesting, due to both fluid-dynamic and practical reasons.
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Reed, Daniel L. "Environmental and renewable energy innovation potential among the states : state rankings /." View online version, 2009. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/291.
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Ramadan, Omar. "Compressed air energy storage for large-scale renewable energy systems for a case study of Egyptian grid." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33601/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
All across the world, attention is turning to renewable energies to serve at least as a partial substitute to fossil fuels in the global energy mix, braking the latter’s depletion and providing a greener solution for a more sustainable future. However, the intermittent nature of most renewable energy sources, wind and solar in particular, raises major concerns over the integration of these technologies, on a large scale, to grid systems. This thesis focuses on large-scale renewable energy storage systems, primarily compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems, which are particularly well suited for renewable energy applications. CAES can play a major role in shaping the future of renewable energy systems for not only can it bring load levelling to the system, but it can also add substantial value by providing ancillary services to the grid. The main focus of this research is adiabatic CAES which endeavours to minimize the use of natural gas by using recuperators and thermal energy storage systems, where the heat from the air during the compression stages is absorbed by a heat transfer fluid, stored, and then supplied back during the expansion process. This project aimed to explore the potential of CAES systems as an energy storage technology for large-scale grid integrated renewable energy system. A computer model was developed to size the different components in the CAES system and also to predict the operational performance of the CAES system for different conditions using MATLAB programming. The thermal energy storage of an adiabatic CAES system was optimized using CFD analysis and experimental testing of the thermal energy storage system was carried out to validate the models. Also, an economic study was performed to assess the feasibility of the CAES system based on a case study of the Egyptian grid. The dynamic simulation of a novel configuration of an adiabatic CAES system showed that the system can achieve improved performance compared to existing CAES plants, while the economic study showed that CAES can improve the economics of a wind farm, at least by the standards of our chosen case study location.
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Schmitz, Anthony. "Effect of oil prices on returns to alternative energy investments." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31843.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M. S.)--Economics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Vivek Ghosal; Committee Member: Byung-Cheol Kim; Committee Member: Chun-Yu Ho; Committee Member: Tibor Besedes. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Ocampo-Corrales, Diego B. "On Renewable Energy Innovation and its Knowledge Flows’ Sources and Nature." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El núcleo de la tesis consta de tres capítulos en los que se explora la naturaleza de los flujos de conocimiento que influyen en la innovación en energías renovables. En los tres capítulos se utiliza información de patentes europeas a nivel regional para poder capturar el concepto de innovación. En el segundo capítulo explora la naturaleza de la base del conocimiento subyacente en las energías renovables. Se plantea que esta tecnología tiene un mayor contenido de conocimiento científico y abstracto que el resto de campos tecnológicos en general. Esta característica haría que, por un lado, el flujo de conocimiento desde la academia y ciencia sea más importante para la innovación en energías renovables que para el resto de innovación en general, y que por otro lado, el flujo de conocimiento no estaría tan restringido geográficamente, hecho que es un hallazgo común en la literatura. Empleando información de las citas hechas por las patentes para medir los flujos de conocimiento, se estima una función de producción de conocimiento. Se distingue entre el flujo del conocimiento desde el sector científico del proveniente del sector técnico. Los resultados muestran que el conocimiento proveniente de la ciencia es más importante para para la innovación en energías renovables que para el resto de innovación en general. También se halla evidencia de que los flujos de conocimiento provenientes del sector técnico que influyen en la innovación en energías renovables estarían menos constreñidos geográficamente que los que influyen en el resto de innovación en general. Este hallazgo se debería al mayor contenido de conocimiento abstracto y científico, que es más fácil de codificar y por lo tanto más fácil de transportar en el espacio.
El tercer capítulo estudia cómo diferentes fuentes de conocimiento pueden influir en que un inventor con experiencia previa en otros campos, patente en energías renovables. Se postula que un inventor puede adquirir conocimiento o ideas de tres fuentes: su red de coautores, la compañía en la que trabaja y de su ámbito local. Además, se plantea que en estas tres fuentes, un inventor podría ser influenciado por sus pares de forma directa, ya sea por un efecto ‘manada’ o porque ellos proporcionan conocimiento especializado sobre energías renovables que es necesario para producir tecnología en este campo. Se postula que las fuentes más cercanas de conocimiento, son las que influirían más en que un inventor se aventure en un campo en el que no tiene experiencia previa, pues las relaciones más cercanas facilitarían que fluya conocimiento más complejo. Por tal motivo, el conocimiento más importante provendría de la red de coautores. El análisis empírico se realza utilizando información de patentes, de la cual se identifica a los inventores, su centro de trabajo y la región donde radican, asi como su experiencia previa en innovación. Los resultados muestran que el factor más importante para que un inventor se aventure en innovar en energías renovables es tener en su red de coautores a algún inventor que haya patentado antes en energías renovables. Esto implicaría que para entrar en el campo de la innovación en energías renovables es importante contar con alguien con experiencia previa en dicho campo, pues podría ejercer influencia personal y también contribuir con conocimiento específico en este campo tecnológico.
Por último, el cuarto capítulo de la tesis ahonda en la relación de los diferentes tipos de distancia que podrían existir: distancia cognitiva, las formas distintas de entender un mismo fenómeno, distancia social, la interacción directa entre individuos basada en la confianza, distancia organizacional, las distintas reglas y normas que enmarcan las relaciones de los individuos entre distintas organizaciones, y distancia geográfica, la distancia física entre individuos. Se plantea que debe haber un equilibrio entre el conocimiento próximo y el conocimiento distante en términos cognitivos, pues el conocimiento próximo facilitaría el flujo de información, pero quizás redundante, mientras el distante aportaría ideas nuevas, pero quizás difíciles de comprender para los interlocutores. Se busca explicar si es el conocimiento próximo o distante el que influye en que un inventor experimentado patente por primera vez en energías renovables y de donde provendría este conocimiento (la red de coautores, la firma o el ámbito regional/local). Utilizando la clasificación tecnológica de las patentes se establece lo que sería conocimiento próximo o distante por medio de la coocurrencia de clases tecnológicas en las patentes. Asi, se construye que tan próximo y distante el conocimiento de un inventor con el de su red de coautores, de la compañía donde trabaja y del conocimiento de su entorno. También se mide que tan próximo está el conocimiento de un inventor respecto al conocimiento en energías renovables. El principal hallazgo es que el factor más importante para que un inventor patente en energías renovables sería que su propio conocimiento previo esté próximo al de energías renovables. Luego, el conocimiento de los coautores sería importante en tanto sea conocimiento distante. De esta forma se alcanzaría ese equilibrio entre conocimiento próximo (el del inventor) y conocimiento distante (el de los coautores) para innovar en un campo nuevo. La razón de esto sería que el conocimiento distante, podría ser transmitido por los coautores, pues ellos son quienes más relación tienen con un inventor, por tanto podrían transmitir conocimiento más complejo de entender.
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Turesson, Jonas. "Potential for Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Grenoble, Delft & Växjö." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34442.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainable cities is an area that has grown in size over the last couple of years. The SESAC (Sustainable Energy Systems in Advanced Cities) is a EU-project looking at the potential to increase the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and promote energy efficiency measures in different EU cities. This master thesis is a part of that project. Specifically, the thesis examines the cities of Grenoble, Delft and Växjö and looks at what measures regarding RES and energy efficiency have been taken historically, both under the SESAC project and otherwise, and assesses the possibility of further measures in the cities. The main RES evaluated are wind power (large scale and urban), solar (PV and thermal) and waste treatment (waste incineration and biogas production). The feasibility of these renewable technologies is evaluated both physically, technically and economically for each city. Further, the historical and current hinders and promoters in the form of different support schemes and other economic and institutional schemes are summarized for each country and city and the effects of which included in the feasibility calculations. Also, current CO2 emissions of Grenoble, Delft and Växjö are stated and the impact of implementing the measures examined is calculated. A comparison between the three cities is also made and suggestions are made to what they can learn from each other and what synergies there are. Results show that the technical potential for RES is sizeable in the cities, as seen in Table 1. Important to note are the differences between the cities. Besides from their differences in population size, ranging from 83 000 (Växjö) and 96 000 (Delft) to 400 000 (Grenoble), available land area as well as climate are very different in the cities, therefore affecting the potential for the RES technologies. RES potential [GWh] Grenoble Delft Växjö Wind 458 1,2 (Urban only) 297-2000 Solar PV 375 150 0,06-0,3 Waste treatment 41 11 10 Table 1. Technical potential of RES in Grenoble, Delft and Växjö Looking at the economic potential, however, the picture is not as optimistic. The only economically feasible investments of the options in Table 1 are investing in solar PV in Grenoble and Delft (IRR of 0-10%) and wind in Växjö (IRR of 4%). All other investments have negative NPV:s and IRR:s, meaning that either the cost of the technologies must be reduced or more favorable support scheme be introduced in order to make the them profitable.
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Li, Yunbo. "Resource allocation in a Cloud partially powered by renewable energy sources." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0019/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La plupart des infrastructures de cloud efficace en énergie proposées dans la littérature ne tiennent pas compte de la disponibilité électrique et des énergies renouvelables dans leurs modèles. L’intégration des énergies renouvelables dans les centres de données réduit considérablement leur consommation d’énergie et leur empreinte carbone. Étant donné que l’énergie renouvelable est intermittente et fluctue en fonction du temps, elle est habituellement sous-utilisée. Nous abordons le problème de l’amélioration de l’utilisation des énergies renouvelables dans un centre de données unique et étudions deux approches : la planification opportuniste et le stockage de l’énergie. Nos résultats démontrent que les deux approches permettent de réduire la consommation d’énergie non-renouvelable sous différentes configurations. Nous étendons ce travail au contexte des Edge Clouds et de l’Internet des Objets dans le cas de l’analyse de flux de données. Nous montrons comment rendre les Edge Clouds plus verts avec une production d’énergie renouvelable sur site combinée à un stockage d’énergie et à une dégradation de performance des applications des utilisateursMost of the energy-efficient Cloud frameworks proposed in literature do not consider electricity availability and renewable energy in their models. Integrating renewable energy into data centers significantly reduces the traditional energy consumption and carbon footprint of these energy-hungry infrastructures. As renewable energy is intermittent and fluctuates with time-varying, it is usually under-utilized. We address the problem of improving the utilization of renewable energy for a single data center and investigate two approaches: opportunistic scheduling and energy storage. Our results demonstrate that both approaches are able to reduce the brown energy consumption under different configurations. We extend this work to the context of Edge Clouds and Internet of Things on the use case of data stream analysis. We show how to make Edge Clouds greener with on-site renewable energy production combined with energy storage and performance degradation of the users’ applications
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Grange, Léo. "Datacenter management for on-site intermittent and uncertain renewable energy sources." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30176.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les technologies de l'information et de la communication sont devenues, au cours des dernières années, un pôle majeur de consommation énergétique avec les conséquences environnementales associées. Dans le même temps, l'émergence du Cloud computing et des grandes plateformes en ligne a causé une augmentation en taille et en nombre des centres de données. Pour réduire leur impact écologique, alimenter ces centres avec des sources d'énergies renouvelables (EnR) apparaît comme une piste de solution. Cependant, certaines EnR telles que les énergies solaires et éoliennes sont liées aux conditions météorologiques, et sont par conséquent intermittentes et incertaines. L'utilisation de batteries ou d'autres dispositifs de stockage est souvent envisagée pour compenser ces variabilités de production. De par leur coût important, économique comme écologique, ainsi que les pertes énergétiques engendrées, l'utilisation de ces dispositifs sans intégration supplémentaire est insuffisante. La consommation électrique d'un centre de données dépend principalement de l'utilisation des ressources de calcul et de communication, qui est déterminée par la charge de travail et les algorithmes d'ordonnancement utilisés. Pour utiliser les EnR efficacement tout en préservant la qualité de service du centre, une gestion coordonnée des ressources informatiques, des sources électriques et du stockage est nécessaire. Il existe une grande diversité de centres de données, ayant différents types de matériel, de charge de travail et d'utilisation. De la même manière, suivant les EnR, les technologies de stockage et les objectifs en termes économiques ou environnementaux, chaque infrastructure électrique est modélisée et gérée différemment des autres. Des travaux existants proposent des méthodes de gestion d'EnR pour des couples bien spécifiques de modèles électriques et informatiques. Cependant, les multiples combinaisons de ces deux parties rendent difficile l'extrapolation de ces approches et de leurs résultats à des infrastructures différentes. Cette thèse explore de nouvelles méthodes pour résoudre ce problème de coordination. Une première contribution reprend un problème d'ordonnancement de tâches en introduisant une abstraction des sources électriques. Un algorithme d'ordonnancement est proposé, prenant les préférences des sources en compte, tout en étant conçu pour être indépendant de leur nature et des objectifs de l'infrastructure électrique. Une seconde contribution étudie le problème de planification de l'énergie d'une manière totalement agnostique des infrastructures considérées. Les ressources informatiques et la gestion de la charge de travail sont encapsulées dans une boîte noire implémentant un ordonnancement sous contrainte de puissance. La même chose s'applique pour le système de gestion des EnR et du stockage, qui agit comme un algorithme d'optimisation d'engagement de sources pour répondre à une demande. Une optimisation coopérative et multiobjectif, basée sur un algorithme évolutionnaire, utilise ces deux boîtes noires afin de trouver les meilleurs compromis entre les objectifs électriques et informatiques. Enfin, une troisième contribution vise les incertitudes de production des EnR pour une infrastructure plus spécifique. En utilisant une formulation en processus de décision markovien (MDP), la structure du problème de décision sous-jacent est étudiée. Pour plusieurs variantes du problème, des méthodes sont proposées afin de trouver les politiques optimales ou des approximations de celles-ci avec une complexité raisonnableIn recent years, information and communication technologies (ICT) became a major energy consumer, with the associated harmful ecological consequences. Indeed, the emergence of Cloud computing and massive Internet companies increased the importance and number of datacenters around the world. In order to mitigate economical and ecological cost, powering datacenters with renewable energy sources (RES) began to appear as a sustainable solution. Some of the commonly used RES, such as solar and wind energies, directly depends on weather conditions. Hence they are both intermittent and partly uncertain. Batteries or other energy storage devices (ESD) are often considered to relieve these issues, but they result in additional energy losses and are too costly to be used alone without more integration. The power consumption of a datacenter is closely tied to the computing resource usage, which in turn depends on its workload and on the algorithms that schedule it. To use RES as efficiently as possible while preserving the quality of service of a datacenter, a coordinated management of computing resources, electrical sources and storage is required. A wide variety of datacenters exists, each with different hardware, workload and purpose. Similarly, each electrical infrastructure is modeled and managed uniquely, depending on the kind of RES used, ESD technologies and operating objectives (cost or environmental impact). Some existing works successfully address this problem by considering a specific couple of electrical and computing models. However, because of this combined diversity, the existing approaches cannot be extrapolated to other infrastructures. This thesis explores novel ways to deal with this coordination problem. A first contribution revisits batch tasks scheduling problem by introducing an abstraction of the power sources. A scheduling algorithm is proposed, taking preferences of electrical sources into account, though designed to be independent from the type of sources and from the goal of the electrical infrastructure (cost, environmental impact, or a mix of both). A second contribution addresses the joint power planning coordination problem in a totally infrastructure-agnostic way. The datacenter computing resources and workload management is considered as a black-box implementing a scheduling under variable power constraint algorithm. The same goes for the electrical sources and storage management system, which acts as a source commitment optimization algorithm. A cooperative multiobjective power planning optimization, based on a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA), dialogues with the two black-boxes to find the best trade-offs between electrical and computing internal objectives. Finally, a third contribution focuses on RES production uncertainties in a more specific infrastructure. Based on a Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulation, the structure of the underlying decision problem is studied. For several variants of the problem, tractable methods are proposed to find optimal policies or a bounded approximation