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1
Janah, Ruhilatul, and A. Sediyo Adi Nugraha. "Application of Remote Sensing Data for Slum Identification Using Geography Information System (Case: Former Harbor, Singaraja City)." Media Komunikasi FPIPS 20, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/mkfis.v20i1.30421.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research was conducted in Singaraja City using high-resolution remote sensing images and geographic information systems. The purpose is to use remote sensing images and geographic information systems to identify slum settlements, especially the former harbor area in Singaraja City. Slum settlement is the impact of population growth that is difficult to control. As a result, the remote sensing image can identify three features: slums, non-slum settlement, and non-slum areas. Most slum settlements are located in coastal areas, and non-slum settlements are located in areas close to economic locations and tourist sites and offices. The most significant introduction to slum identification comes from the building area. Based on these results, it can be concluded that slum settlement can be identified through images obtained from Google earth and recognized visually through interpretation keys.
2
Ding, Ming Tao, and Qing Wang. "Delineation of Rural Settlement Boundaries in the Upper Reaches of Min River, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 2744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.2744.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Settlement marks the crucial spatial form for human survival, while rural settlement serves as concentrated reflection of relationship between human and land in mountainous areas. The upper reaches of Min River is not only a multi-ethnic neighborhood, but also a typical eco-environmental vulnerable area as well as the prone area for mountain hazards. Taking SPOT-5 images as the significant data source for spatial analysis, this paper, in accordance with the different geographical positions that rural settlements are located, classifies rural settlement into three types: valley settlement, slope surface settlement and mountain settlement, aiming at boundary characteristics of which the paper confirms symbol for their remote sensing interpretation. With the combined approach of field survey and remote sensing interpretation, the paper finds out that in study area, there are 1667 natural settlements under 625 administrative villages, density of which is 0.025km2, and settlement distribution in this region enjoys the features of dispersity, low density as well as small scale.
3
Livengood, Avery, and Keya Kunte. "Enabling participatory planning with GIS: a case study of settlement mapping in Cuttack, India." Environment and Urbanization 24, no. 1 (April 2012): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247811434360.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) devices to map informal settlements in Cuttack, India in ways that enhance and support residents’ participation in the data collection and planning process. Rather than relying on remote sensing to identify informal settlement locations, each settlement is visited individually by a mapping team comprised of community leaders and NGO staff. The mapping team meets with settlement residents to develop a detailed settlement profile and map the settlement boundary using a GPS device. This process has helped to open and sustain a dialogue between the residents of informal settlements and city government around “slum” upgrading, and has influenced the use of a central government fund to support local upgrading plans.
4
Legowo, D. A., D. Susiloningtyas, and Supriatna. "The application of remote sensing technology for environmental quality analysis of settlement in Bengkulu." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 846, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Environmental quality research was conducted in Bengkulu City which aims to determine the quality of the residential environment. the method used in this study is a combination of high-resolution image interpretation techniques (Google Earth) assisted by geographic information system technology (GIS). high-resolution images are used to identify objects that function as parameters. Then these parameters are given a rating or scoring to obtain an analysis of the environmental conditions of the settlement, by giving weights we can determine the level of ability based on the level of these parameters. The parameters used in this study were settlement density, settlement layout, and settlement location. Based on the study results, the quality of settlements in Bengkulu City is dominated by good category, especially in Muara Bangkahalu and Selebar subdistrict, these two subdistricts still have a lot of non-developed lands and are close to transportation access in the form of bus terminals and airports so it will attract people to live there. For suggestion, good planning is really needed to build a settlement, thus the settlements and environment quality can also be well preserved.
5
Gataric, Dragica. "Spatial and demographic changes in the settlement network of Zmijanje." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 92, no. 2 (2012): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1202153g.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents analysis of spatial and demographic changes in the settlement network of Zmijanje, which are observed in territorial depopulation i.e. in several decades of demographic (population) decline and fragmentation of settlements. These negative trends of population growth are particularly evident in the highland and mountainous areas - in the settlement networks in the Republic of Srpska and the settlement network of Zmijanje, peripheral regions, and the remote areas, away from the local, subregional and regional centres, etc.
6
Afti, Siti Naila Tassa Ghuba, and Fitriana Syahar. "Evaluation of Settlement Space Patterns in Solok City with Remote Sensing." Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 6, no. 2 (November 2, 2022): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v6i2.4509.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land use is the physical form of the earth's surface that is influenced by human activities. The increase in population results in changes in land use for settlements that tend to increase and are not controlled, so it is necessary to monitor the rate of these changes so that the balance of life and the environment can be maintained and in accordance with what has been regulated by the government in the regional spatial plan (RTRW). This study aims to identify changes in settlement area from 2010-2020 in Solok City and assess the suitability of land use for settlements with residential spatial patterns (RTRW) in 2012-2031 Solok City. This study uses remote sensing data in the form of spot images. The steps taken by the image interpretation approach with manual digitization methods and arcgis applications, accuracy sampling is done by random sampling with the confusion matrix accuracy test technique carried out to answer the goal. The results of the study found that the image accuracy was 91.66%. Then, the condition of settlements in Solok City continues to increase in area every year in the 2010-2020 period with a total of 353.8 Ha, where the largest area of settlement changes is in Lubuk Sikarah District. In this study, it can be stated that the area of settlement in 2020 is 306.50 Ha which is not in accordance with the area contained in the spatial pattern (RTRW) of Solok City
7
Shi, Lifeng, and Taiyang Zhong. "The Spatial Pattern of Urban Settlement in China from the 1980s to 2010." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 6704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236704.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dynamic urbanization process of China has stimulated a massive growth of urban settlements in the past few decades. With the development of remote sensing technology and the release of the long-time Landsat archive, spatial characteristics of urban settlement are gradually analyzed on a large scale, and various patterns are developed for describing and analyzing it. However, the urban settlement patterns were mainly quantified by the landscape metrics in existing studies, the underlying features shaping urban settlement pattern were always neglected. In this study, we establish a systematic and comprehensive ‘urban development index system’ for describing China’s urban settlement pattern and its evolutions during the end of the 1980s through to 2010 by using a series of statistical methods. Results show that (1) urban settlement pattern in 2010 is quantified comparatively simpler and more completely than in the end of the 1980s; (2) urban settlements in western and eastern regions present integrated pattern and homogeneous attributes, while urban settlements in central and northeastern regions present relatively complex pattern and various attributes; (3) urban settlements with the most variable pattern are accompanied by the most dynamic population and economic capacity, followed by landscape dispersion. Topographic complexity of urban settlements generally remained unchanged or with slight fluctuations, therefore, it has limited influence on settlement pattern evolution.
8
Tsabit N, Chindy Dhia, and Bitta Pigawati. "The Pattern of Settlement Distribution in Disaster Prone Areas of Semarang City." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 23, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v23i2.30292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increase in population in Semarang City affects the trends in land use. Limited availability of land in contrast to the increasing demand for land has prompted residents to choose a place to live in a location not following its designation. Several settlements in Semarang City have developed in disaster-prone locations. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of settlements in disaster-prone areas, including aspects of land use, levels of vulnerability to natural hazards, and settlement distribution patterns. The research is a descriptive quantitative study with a spatial approach and utilizes images from remote sensing and Geographic Information systems (GIS). The results show that the settlements covering an area of 5,577 hectares or 33.5% of the total settlement area of Semarang City are in disaster-prone areas. Most disaster-prone areas have a moderate level of vulnerability. There are three patterns of settlement distribution in the study area, namely clustered, random, and dispersed patterns. Most districts in Semarang City have a random pattern of disaster-prone settlements. The settlement distribution pattern reflects the characteristics of each disaster-prone area.
9
Setiyaningsih, Riyani, Mega Tyas Prihatin, Mujiyono Mujiyono, Triwibowo Ambar Garjito, and Widiarti Widiarti. "DISTRIBUSI VEKTOR DAN POTENSI PENULARAN MALARIA DI PAPUA BARAT PADA BERBAGAI EKOSISTEM." Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/vk.v10i1.1050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anopheles farauti, Anopheles brancofti, Anopheles punctulatus, and Anopheles koliensis are confirmed as malaria vectors in West Papua. The distribution of vectors and their potency as malaria transmission differs in each ecosystem. The aim of this research was to investigate the distribution of vectors and their potency as malaria transmission found in various ecosystem. Mosquitoes were caught by human landing collection method, Animal-Baited Trap, and livestock-baited trap. The larval surveillance was conducted in places that have potential as breeding place for Anopheles spp. Sampling sites were conducted in Manokwari, Fak-fak and Raja Ampat districts. Each District of mosquito and larva fishing is conducted in forest ecosystem near settlement, remote forest settlement, non forest near settlement, non forest remote settlement, beach near settlement and coastal remote settlement. The result of the study demonstrated that An. farauti, An. longirostris and An. punctulatus were positive from plasmodium caught in the beach near settlement, in the remote forest settlement and in non-forest near settlement ecosystems of Manokwari Regency, respectively. Anopheles farauti caught in non-forest near settlement ecosystem of Raja Ampat Regency was also found to be positive from plasmodium. However, none mosquitoes and larvae caught in Fak-fak Regency was positive. It is concluded that those mosquitoes caught in Manokwari and Raja Ampat Regency might act as vectors of Malaria.
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Chen, Sen, Muhammad Sajid Mehmood, Shuchen Liu, and Yimin Gao. "Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlements in Qinba Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 10095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610095.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spatial patterns and the influencing determinants of rural settlements are the most important indicators for understanding the constituent structure of rural regional systems. However, there is little knowledge addressing the characteristics from the settlement perspective by realizing the spatial reconstruction and sustainable development of rural settlements. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the geographical, size, and morphological properties of rural settlement patterns in the Qinba Mountains in southern Shaanxi Province, China, using rural settlement and remote sensing data through spatial measurement index, gradient transects, demographic-economic index, and geodetector analysis. The results show the following: (1) Overall, rural settlements have spatial characteristics of “high-density multi-core clusters (0.8–1.6/km2) and low-density broadly scattered (<0.08/km2)”. There is a significant positive correlation between the scale of rural settlement density and the characteristics of high-value agglomeration. (2) The spatial disparities of morphological traits of settlement shapes are significant. Furthermore, 1840 NP/piece of plain basin landform types provide high-value areas for each settlement feature value, and locations with moderate slopes are best for settlement dispersal. Moreover, rivers, roads, and distance from township centers are all examples of beneficial directivity. There is consistency between the spatial differentiation of rural settlement areas per capita and the distribution of settlement scale. Conversely, the settlement density is inconsistent with the agricultural production value density’s spatial distribution features. (3) The impact of geographical factors on the diversification of settlement characteristics has significant spatial differences. Moreover, natural ecological characteristics such as elevation and landform and the distribution of cultivated land strongly influence the spatial pattern of the study region. Finally, the study findings can be beneficial for land and space planning and rural governments to develop sustainable rural settlements.
11
Song, Jing Hua, Yang Yu, and Ying Zhu. "Research on the Analytical Method of the Contributing Factors of Settlement Generation." Key Engineering Materials 460-461 (January 2011): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.460-461.528.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Major factors in settlement generation can be summarized as four aspects, the natural environment factor, the social ethic factor, visual esthetics factor, socioeconomic contributing factor etc. nowadays numerous analyses are being conducted in these four aspects, however the vast majority of them are partial, one dimensional researches and the results are often remote from the actual effects. From the perspective of human settlements, the author made a general research by means of systematic approach and discussed how to effectively combine these four aspects to form an evaluation system based on the effect of settlement generation, in order to obtain an ideal outcome of settlement generation.
12
Mudau, Naledzani, and Paidamwoyo Mhangara. "Investigation of Informal Settlement Indicators in a Densely Populated Area Using Very High Spatial Resolution Satellite Imagery." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 4735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094735.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Automation of informal settlements detection using satellite imagery remains a challenging task in urban remote sensing. This is due to the fact that informal settlements vary in shape, size and spatial arrangement from one region to the other in some cases within a city. This paper investigated the methodology to detect informal settlements in a densely populated township by assessing informal settlement indicators observed from very high spatial resolution satellite imagery. We assessed twelve informal settlement indicators to determine the most effective indicators to distinguish between informal and informal classes. These indicators included the spectral indices first and second-order statistical measurements. In addition to the commonly used informal settlement indicators, we assessed the effectiveness of built-up area and iron cover. The GLCM textural measures performed poorly in separating informal and formal settlements compared to first-order statistics measurement and spectral indices. The built-up area index, coastal blue index and the first-order statistics mean measurements produced higher separability distance of informal and formal settlements. The iron index performed better in separating the two settlement types than the commonly used GLCM measure and NDVI. The proposed ruleset that uses the three features with the highest separability distance achieved producer and user accuracies of informal settlements of 95% and 82%, respectively. The results of this study will contribute towards developing methodologies to automatically detect informal settlements.
13
Fallatah, Ahmad, Simon Jones, Luke Wallace, and David Mitchell. "Combining Object-Based Machine Learning with Long-Term Time-Series Analysis for Informal Settlement Identification." Remote Sensing 14, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14051226.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Informal settlement mapping is essential for planning, as well as resource and utility management. Developing efficient ways of determining the properties of informal settlements (when, where, and who) is critical for upgrading services and planning. Remote sensing data are increasingly used to understand built environments. In this study, we combine two sources of data, very-high-resolution imagery and time-series Landsat data, to identify and describe informal settlements. The indicators characterising informal settlements were grouped into four different spatial and temporal levels: environment, settlement, object and time. These indicators were then used in an object-based machine learning (ML) workflow to identify informal settlements. The proposed method had a 95% overall accuracy at mapping informal settlements. Among the spatial and temporal levels examined, the contribution of the settlement level indicators was most significant in the ML model, followed by the object-level indicators. Whilst the temporal level did not contribute greatly to the classification of informal settlements, it provided a way of understanding when the settlements were formed. The adaptation of this method would allow the combination of a wide-ranging and diverse group of indicators in a comprehensive ML framework.
14
Elfadaly, Abdelaziz, Nicodemo Abate, Nicola Masini, and Rosa Lasaponara. "Correction: Elfadaly, A.; Abate, N.; Masini, N.; Lasaponara, R. SAR Sentinel 1 Imaging and Detection of Palaeo-Landscape Features in the Mediterranean Area. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 2611." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 2878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182878.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [1]: Due to mislabeling, replace: Figure 6Typical Neolithic settlements in the Tavoliere delle Puglie: (a) settlement of Masseria Schifata; (b) settlement of Passo di Corvo [36] [...]
15
Asube, L. C. S., J. M. Daquiado, and B. J. P. Lavapiz. "DETECTION AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF LAND-USE: A CASE OF BUTUAN CITY WITH HISTORY OF MAJOR INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W6-2021 (November 18, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w6-2021-41-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. This study detects the significant informal settlements in Butuan City proper. It determines the growth rate in 15 years with the given five-year interval. Machine learning algorithms and spatial analysis were applied to obtain the possible locations of informal settlement buildings. The projected locations of informal settlement buildings were validated thru aerial image validation using Remote Sensing and GIS-based techniques in ArcGIS software. Eight (8) barangays satisfy all the informal settlement building characteristics during the aerial validation process and ground-truthing, namely, Golden Ribbon, Holy Redeemer, Limaha, New Society, Ong Yiu, Port Puyohon, San Ignacio, and Tandang Sora. The eight (8) barangays were manually digitized from the given 5-years interval from 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2010. The value of the major informal settlement buildings area was computed to excel. The area growth rate was calculated using the growth rate formula. This study showed that the significant informal settlement in the study area increased. Among the eight (8) focused barangays, Tandang Sora ranked the highest informal settlements growth from 2005 to 2020. Its area increases up to 178.52%, a total of 24,608.43 square meters. Finally, the results revealed that the area of informal settlement buildings in Butuan City from 2005–2020, in 15-years, its value increases up to 9.74%, a total of 19,172.88 square meters.
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NELIPA, Kseniia. "ZAPORIZHZHIA AS A CENTER OF THE REGIONAL SETTLEMENT SYSTEM." Ekonomichna ta Sotsialna Geografiya, no. 81 (2019): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-7154/2019.81.4-11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Administrative regional centers are always the centers of the regional settlement system. Because Zaporizhzhia is located in the north-west of the region, this, in turn, leads to problems in the management and transport-geographical accessibility of remote settlements in the region. The purpose of the study is to identify Zaporizhzhia as the center of the regional settlement system and its influence on the territory of the region. In the article, with the help of mathematical formulas and data of the Main Directorate of Statistics, the field of demographic influence of Zaporizhzhia, the population concentration index and the potential of the settlement area of the region are calculated, the actual center of resettlement of the Zaporizhzhia regional settlement system is determined. Zaporizhzhia, as a large industrial city and an administrative center of the region, concentrates a large part of its population in suburban areas around it, therefore the study also substantiates and determines the formation of the Zaporizhzhia agglomeration. Consequently, as a result of the study, it was determined that the center of settlement of the Zaporizhzhia regional settlement system is near Stepnohirsk, and tends more to a geographical center than an administrative one. However, 43.2% of the region’s population is concentrated in Zaporizhzhia. It is characterized by the largest field of demographic impact and the potential of the settlement area in the Zaporizhzhia regional settlement system, which in turn shows the unevenness of the population of the region and the concentration of population in the regional center and its surroundings. Zaporizhzhia together with surrounding settlements forms Zaporizhzhia monocentric agglomeration. It consists of: 4 cities (Vilnyansk, Orikhiv, Vasylivka, Dniproprudne), 6 urban-type settlements (Balabyne, Kushuhum, Malokaterynivka, Stepnohirsk, Komyshuvakha, Kamiane) and more than 10 rural settlements. This agglomeration can be considered as developed. Thus, we can conclude that Zaporizhzhia is the center of a regional settlement system. However, its remoteness from the geographical center causes certain inconveniences and disproportion in the resettlement of the region.
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Davis, Jera R., Chester P. Walker, and John H. Blitz. "Remote Sensing as Community Settlement Analysis at Moundville." American Antiquity 80, no. 1 (January 2015): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.4.161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractRemote sensing has revolutionized procedures for locating buried features at archaeological sites in eastern North America. However, the potential of instruments such as gradiometers to shape innovative research in ways that move beyond survey and testing is not always realized in practice. At the Mississippian site of Moundville, Alabama, we conducted a landscape-scale geophysical survey to serve as the guiding method of community settlement analysis. First, we mapped the distribution of magnetic anomalies across the site. Next, we defined the variability of anomalies and selected a sample for test excavations to correlate specific anomaly shapes and amplitudes with specific cultural features. Once confirmed as cultural features, we extrapolated sample results to identify unexcavated anomalies as specific building forms and other features with a higher degree of probability than would have been possible without confirmation by test excavation. Results include the identification and mapping of over 450 unexcavated probable buildings, nearly five times the number previously discovered in decades of traditional excavation. Because the buried probable buildings have different forms, sizes, distributions, and chronological spans, the interpreted gradiometer map is transformed through interpretation from a static palimpsest of anomalies to a picture of changing community settlement organization.
18
Kaiser, Tania. "Between a camp and a hard place: rights, livelihood and experiences of the local settlement system for long-term refugees in Uganda." Journal of Modern African Studies 44, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 597–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x06002102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drawing on qualitative research with refugees in and outside formal settlements, this article challenges characterisations of Uganda's UNHCR-supported refugee settlement system as un-problematically successful. It shows that by denying refugees freedom of movement, the settlement system undermines their socio-economic and other rights. Refugees who remain outside the formal system of refugee registration and settlement are deprived of the refugee status to which they are entitled under international law. The article questions the conventional opposition between refugees living in and out of refugee settlements in the Ugandan context, revealing a more complex and interconnected dynamic than is often assumed. It suggests that those refugees with some external support may be able to escape the confines of remote rural settlements, where refugee agricultural livelihoods are seriously compromised by distance from markets, unfavourable climatic conditions, exhausted soil and inadequate inputs. It argues that refugee livelihoods face more rather than fewer challenges as exile becomes protracted, and concludes that the government and UNHCR's Self Reliance Strategy (SRS) has not yet managed to overcome the contradiction inherent in denying people freedom of movement, without supporting them effectively to meet their needs in the places to which they are restricted.
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Smith, Mark Stafford, Mark Moran, and Kurt Seemann. "The 'viability' and resilience of communities and settlements in desert Australia." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 1 (2008): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a continuing policy debate about whether it is possible to have sustainable small settlements in outback regions of Australia, where there is low and variable primary production and a sparse and mobile population. This debate is focused largely on Aboriginal settlements, but applies equally to all desert dwellers. In this contribution, we review the sources of economic flows through settlements occupied by different communities with common livelihood sources, whether based on mining, grazing, tourism, cultural resources, welfare or services, concluding that most desert livelihoods depend directly or indirectly on temporally variable inputs. Individual remote settlements tend to be dominated by one such ‘community of livelihood’, and differ in nature according to the source of that livelihood. These create types of settlement and service aspirations which are alien to more densely settled regions. Settlement ‘viability’ is a measure of the short-term balance between aspirations for services (technical, social, but also for livelihoods and well being) and the costs of fulfilling these aspirations, and consequently is not a simple on/off switch – the community can adjust both its aspirations and the cost factors involved in meeting them. We define a resilient settlement as one that is viable in the long term in the face of its variable inputs. Thus, we determine that the concepts of settlement viability and resilience must be analysed differently according to the strategy adopted by different resident communities. In particular, Aboriginal (and pastoral) communities are particularly dependent on social and natural capital, yet these are not monitored. The whole analysis emphasises the importance of taking a demand- rather than supply-driven approach to services in desert settlements. Our conclusion is that, if top-down solutions continue to be imposed without appreciating the fundamental drivers of settlement in desert regions, then those solutions will continue to be partial, and ineffective in the long term.
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Soldatkin, Nikolai V. "Configurations of Fortified Settlements of the Sintashta-Petrovka Type: Forms, Sizes, Transformations." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 462 (2021): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/462/20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article aims to analyze the configurations of fortified settlements of the Sintashta-Petrovka type (SPT settlements). Sources of information about the configurations are the results of remote research (aerial photographs, geomagnetic maps, topographic maps) and data from archaeological excavations. The study of configurations is one of the aspects of settlement archaeology at the level of research of the structure of the whole settlement. The article summarizes and compares the characteristics of forms, layouts, sizes, variants of transformations. The forms of SPT settlements can be divided into two types: rounded, with a radial arrangement of rows of dwellings, and subrectangular, with a linear arrangement. Eight sites are classified as rounded, sixteen are subrectangular. In the forms of many settlements there are mixed signs that emphasize the common architectural tradition: rounded settlements have separate straightened segments and straight rows of buildings, and subrectangular ones have rounded bends of building lines and rounded corner sections. In summarizing the size indicators, small, medium and large settlements were identified. The small ones have an area from 6 to 13 m2; thousand nine sites – subrectangular, with two rows of dwellings, and rounded, with one ring of buildings – are small. The small m2. settlements have about 20 to 30 buildings. The number of medium settlements is also nine, their area is from 15 to 21 thousand Most medium-sized sites are either subrectangular, with four rows of buildings, or rounded, with two rings of buildings. The medium m2. sized settlements have about 40 to 60 buildings. There are six large settlements; their area is 23 to 32 thousand Two of the large settlements are oval, four subrectangular, with traces of significant rearrangements. Due to the small volume of field research, it is difficult to estimate the number of dwellings in large settlements. The generalization of the remote data and the results of the excavations allows the author to propose a scheme of transformations of the SPT settlements. The structural component of their configurations is a row of closely spaced dwellings, enclosed by a line of fortifications. Several rows, most often two or four, oriented linearly or radially, form the inner space of the closed fortified settlement. While the fortified settlements functioned, they were restructured, with preservation of the general principles of regularity and isolation of the living environment. There are three main scenarios for rebuilding: the completion of rows to the early section, the overlapping of fortified villages, the reduction of the area of a fortified settlement. The final stage of the life of settlements is associated with the gradual abandonment of the cramped and closed configurations. The Srubnaya-Alakul settlements, successors of the SPT settlements, use more spacious, dispersed layouts, with partial preservation of the tradition of building rows of closely spaced dwellings and with refusal to build fortifications.
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Nieves, Jeremiah J., Maksym Bondarenko, Alessandro Sorichetta, Jessica E. Steele, David Kerr, Alessandra Carioli, Forrest R. Stevens, Andrea E. Gaughan, and Andrew J. Tatem. "Predicting Near-Future Built-Settlement Expansion Using Relative Changes in Small Area Populations." Remote Sensing 12, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101545.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Advances in the availability of multi-temporal, remote sensing-derived global built-/human-settlements datasets can now provide globally consistent definitions of “human-settlement” at unprecedented spatial fineness. Yet, these data only provide a time-series of past extents and urban growth/expansion models have not had parallel advances at high-spatial resolution. Here our goal was to present a globally applicable predictive modelling framework, as informed by a short, preceding time-series of built-settlement extents, capable of producing annual, near-future built-settlement extents. To do so, we integrated a random forest, dasymetric redistribution, and autoregressive temporal models with open and globally available subnational data, estimates of built-settlement population, and environmental covariates. Using this approach, we trained the model on a 11 year time-series (2000–2010) of European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Land Cover “Urban Areas” class and predicted annual, 100m resolution, binary settlement extents five years beyond the last observations (2011–2015) within varying environmental, urban morphological, and data quality contexts. We found that our model framework performed consistently across all sampled countries and, when compared to time-specific imagery, demonstrated the capacity to capture human-settlement missed by the input time-series and the withheld validation settlement extents. When comparing manually delineated building footprints of small settlements to the modelled extents, we saw that the modelling framework had a 12 percent increase in accuracy compared to withheld validation settlement extents. However, how this framework performs when using different input definitions of “urban” or settlement remains unknown. While this model framework is predictive and not explanatory in nature, it shows that globally available “off-the-shelf” datasets and relative changes in subnational population can be sufficient for accurate prediction of future settlement expansion. Further, this framework shows promise for predicting near-future settlement extents and provides a foundation for forecasts further into the future.
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Zhang, M., Z. Li, and X. Wu. "SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION METHOD ACCELERATED QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-933-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Rapid investigation and quantitative analysis are crucial for heritage conservation and renewal design. As an important category of architectural heritage - traditional settlements - with their large number and complex spatial characteristics, their spatial character patterns are an important support to assist settlement conservation and renewal design. However, the current means of analysis often requires manual data collection, secondary mapping of the collected data, extraction of individual elemental patterns and village boundaries. Then settlement boundary form, settlement density will be calculated by mathematical methods. The above methods are inefficient and prone to manual mapping errors, making it difficult to quantify and analyze a large number of traditional villages in a short period of time. Semantic segmentation is a computer vision technique for quickly segmenting different objects. Based on the collected remote sensing data of traditional villages, this paper established a dataset of semantic segmentation of spatial features of traditional settlements, segmenting village buildings, water systems, roads and plants. Using Transfer learning, data augmentation and other methods, a model was trained that can automatically segment elements of the villages. From the national traditional villages that have been announced so far, 60 traditional villages from different regions in the north and south were selected for analysis. The experiments show that the model established in this paper has an accuracy rate of above 86% in segmenting elements of villages, can effectively identify the location of different elements in remote sensing images, effectively improves the quantification rate of spatial features of settlements and saves the cost of mapping and data transcription. The results of the spatial characteristics of the 60 villages studied in this paper can also provide some theoretical basis and inspiration for the study, conservation, design and transformation of traditional villages.
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Starková, Lenka. "A Post-Anfal Village in Iraqi Kurdistan: The Remote Sensing Retrogressive Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 4208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Anfal genocide represents one of the most important events in the recent history of Iraqi Kurdistan. This topic is still very sensitive for the majority of local people; on the other hand, it needs to be studied as part of a modern social transformation of the Iraqi agricultural landscape. The violent liquidation of Qazbagi village in the 1980s prompted a large-scale change in the morphology and social structure of the settlement area. This development could be reconstructed through multi-temporal remote sensing, combined with field verification and oral research. According to the results of this study, research focused on the development of rural settlements can be extended to older periods (modern history before the 20th century, the Middle Ages) and thus elucidate the process of nucleation and dispersion of agricultural settlements, which has rarely been studied in an Iraqi context.
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Finlayson, Julie. "Yuendumu Everyday: Contemporary Life in a Remote Aboriginal Settlement." Australian Journal of Anthropology 22, no. 2 (July 3, 2011): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-6547.2011.00142.x.
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Folan, William J., Joyce Marcus, and W. Frank Miller. "Verification of a Maya Settlement Model through Remote Sensing." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 5, no. 2 (October 1995): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300015067.
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Lipson, Mark, Pontus Skoglund, Matthew Spriggs, Frederique Valentin, Stuart Bedford, Richard Shing, Hallie Buckley, et al. "Population Turnover in Remote Oceania Shortly after Initial Settlement." Current Biology 28, no. 7 (April 2018): 1157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.051.
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Grey-Gardner, Robyn. "Implementing risk management for water supplies: a catalyst and incentive for change." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 1 (2008): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07046.
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Water management in small Aboriginal settlements in remote Australia is typified by technology-driven approaches where knowledge, decision-making and responsibility reside with organisations and agencies outside the settlement. This conventional approach has been a disincentive to active involvement by residents in managing the hazards and risks of their own water supply, despite the apparent presence of knowledge and skills at the settlement level. This paper outlines lessons from the Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre’s Remote Community Water Management Project. The aim of the 2-year project was to identify a replicable model and process for sustainable small scale water supply management in remote Aboriginal settlements. The approach was a practical departure from viewing water quality in isolation from the other water supply issues such as water quantity, affordability, additional resources and aspirations. The risk management model that was developed and utilised is presented and the significant factors that enabled a holistic approach to water supply management are discussed. The dynamic combination of participatory processes and an iterative approach enabled effective project implementation, and created an environment of continual improvement. Critical elements of the project implementation are described, in particular, the sequencing of activities and the identification of incentives and drivers for increasing self reliance. The social capital within the case study settlements is explored as a critical attribute for a sustainable management program or change process. The model developed during the project provides a structure for expanding the approach to, for example, a regional water management strategy. The opportunities for expansion are further enhanced by the practices of developing appropriate and transferable tools. The integration of livelihood aspirations within institutions of policy and water risk management practice is endorsed for effective and sustainable local water management.
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Amos, Samira, Sileshi Mengistu, and Fritz Kleinschroth. "Three decades of pastoralist settlement dynamics in the Ethiopian Omo Delta based on remote sensing data." Human Ecology 49, no. 5 (October 2021): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-021-00257-6.
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AbstractRiver deltas provide important livelihoods to local populations, but at the same time are under increasing anthropogenic pressure. The opening of the Gibe III dam on the Omo River in Ethiopia in 2016 attracted international attention due to the importance of the free-flowing River for pastoralist communities in the Omo Delta. Sustainable river basin management requires spatially explicit, long-term information about human settlements to mitigate negative impacts on people’s livelihoods. Based on remote sensing time-series, and supplemented with ground-truthing, we mapped settlement-dynamics of the pastoralist Dasanech tribe. The inhabited area more than doubled from 1992 to 2009. From 2009 to 2019, settlements became more permanent and concentrated in the North of the Delta. Our results indicate that the Omo Delta has overall gained in importance as a livelihood area, but that the livelihoods of the traditionally nomadic people are shifting in the context of increasing investment in infrastructure. Management of future river flow at dams should consider the location and the trajectory of change in downstream settlements.
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Rahman, Muhammad, and A. Sediyo Adi Nugraha. "Normalized Dryness Built-up Index (NDBI) to Detect Settlement Change In Buleleng Sub-District." Media Komunikasi FPIPS 20, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/mkfis.v20i1.30427.
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This research aims to find out the development of settlements that occur over the next 20 years. Monitoring the development of settlements is carried out by remote sensing methods using Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery and Landsat 8 OLI imagery. Landsat 7 ETM+ used in 2000, and Landsat 8 OLI used in 2019. The algorithm is used to identify settlement development using the Normalized Dryness Built-up Index (NDBI). This algorithm uses two bands, such as Near-infrared and shortwave infrared, to calculate. The results showed that the growth of settlements occurred very significant because, in 2000, the number of settlements amounted to 628.2 hectares and in 2019 amounted to 1891.8 hectares. The increase in settlements occurred throughout the region in the Buleleng sub-district. Therefore, it can be concluded that NDBI can be used to monitor the development of settlements and the increase in settlements occurring as much as 28 % over 20 years.
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Gafurov, Artur, Iskander Gainullin, Bulat Usmanov, Petr Khomyakov, and Alexey Kasimov. "Impacts of fluvial processes on medieval settlement Lukovskoe (Tatarstan, Russia)." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 381 (August 1, 2019): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-381-31-2019.
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Abstract. This work is continuation of the research aimed at developing of a system for analysing of risks of destruction of archaeological objects of Volga-Bulgaria period (X–XIII centuries AD) on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. Most of the Volga-Bulgaria settlements located on the small rivers banks. This fact is determining the risk of their destruction by natural processes. In order to identify the risk of transformation of archaeological sites by fluvial processes bank erosion dynamics at Lukovskoe fortified settlement evaluated. Modern field survey with use of UAV and GNSS methods applied to study the relief of monument territory. The measured data were analysed using the Geographical Information System (GIS) to evaluate intensity of bank erosion. Historical maps, archival remote sensing data and actual orthophotoplans compared to get quantitative characteristics of monument territory damage. The main factors that influence bank erosion at Lukovskoe fortified settlement placement are the meandering of the Kubnya riverbed, bank height and the ground that forms it. This study shows that remote sensing and 3-D-modelling on the base of UAV survey is very important in study of fluvial processes dynamics as a factor of archaeological objects destruction. The results of research will help to identify trends in monuments state and to quantify the risks of their destruction.
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Putra, Ary Mandhara, and Bitta Pigawati. "Correlation Between Settlement Environmental Quality and Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) Disease of Gayamsari Sub-District, Semarang." Geoplanning: Journal of Geomatics and Planning 8, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.8.1.51-60.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Settlement area with high population density and situated in unfeasible location cause the quality of settlement environment to be low. The low quality of settlement environment has the potential to cause Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI). This study aimed to explain the correlation of settlement environmental quality and incidence of ARI disease in Gayamsari Sub-District, Semarang. This research used a quantitative descriptive spatial approach by using remote sensing technique and Geographic Information System (GIS). The result showed that there is a high and significant correlation between settlement environmental quality and acute respiratory infection (ARI) Incidence, especially happened in Kaligawe and Tambakrejo village.
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Zhang, Guo Liang, Xue Min Zhang, Jie Li, and Shu Ying Wang. "Wireless Real-Time Telemetry Automatic System for Monitoring the Settlement of Structure and its Application." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 1110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.1110.
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An intelligent system, which is real-time, remote, and automatic for monitoring the settlement of surface subsidence or building, was developed based on the principle of communicating vessels. The Hydrostatic leveling, displacement sensors, data acquisition and transmission, 3G wireless communications module, computer terminals, and data processing software were integrated in the system, which has the following functions: monitoring data real-time acquisition and transmission, automatic calculation and analysis of the settlement, and early warning by remote wireless mode. The system has been successfully applied in the Minzhi station project of Shenzhen Metro Line 5 to ensure the normal operation of existing railway. Meanwhile, the high accuracy and reliability of the system are also verified by the engineering applications. It can be applied to monitor the settlement of similar projects.
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Anderson, Atholl. "Faunal collapse, landscape change and settlement history in Remote Oceania." World Archaeology 33, no. 3 (January 2002): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00438240120107431.
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Misra, P. "Modelling Settlement Patterns for Metropolitan Regions: Inputs from Remote Sensing." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 24, no. 4 (December 1996): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03026237.
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Xu, Jianye, Xin Li, Jing Yang, Yan Gao, and Sijin Wu. "A Remote Subgrade Settlement Monitoring System Based on Optical Method." Urban Rail Transit 5, no. 3 (September 2019): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40864-019-00110-6.
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Asempah, Mawuli, Wahib Sahwan, and Brigitta Schütt. "Assessment of Land Cover Dynamics and Drivers of Urban Expansion Using Geospatial and Logistic Regression Approach in Wa Municipality, Ghana." Land 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111251.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current trends of land use dynamics have revealed a significant transformation of settlement spaces. In the Wa Municipality of Ghana, the changes in land use and land cover are inspired by a plethora of driving forces. In this study, we assessed the geo-physical drivers of settlement expansion under land use dynamics in the Wa Municipality of Ghana. The study employed geospatial and remote sensing tools to map and analyse the spatio-temporal dynamics of the landscape, using Landsat satellite imageries: thematic mapper (TM), enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) and operational land imager (OLI) from 1990 to 2020. The study employed a binomial logistic regression model to statistically assess the geo-physical drivers of settlement expansion. Random forest (RF)–supervised classification based on spatio-temporal analyses generated relatively higher classification accuracies, with overall accuracy ranging from 89.33% to 93.3%. Urban expansion for the last three decades was prominent, as the period from 1990 to 2001 gained 11.44 km2 landmass of settlement, while there was 11.30 km2 gained from 2001 to 2010, and 29.44 km2 gained from 2010 to 2020. Out of the independent variables assessed, the distance to existing settlements, distance to river, and distance to primary, tertiary and unclassified roads were responsible for urban expansion.
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Taylor, Andrew. "Current evidence of ‘female flight’ from remote Northern Territory Aboriginal communities – demographic and policy implications." MIGRATION LETTERS 8, no. 2 (January 28, 2014): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v8i2.156.
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A small body of research has demonstrated the dramatic social, settlement and demographic effects of Indigenous ‘female flight’ from remote communities in Alaska, Canada, and the Northern Sparsely Populated Areas of Europe. In the Northern Territory of Australia, remote Indigenous settlement patterns are highly similar to these areas but neither research nor policy have had anything to say about whether female flight has or might also impact there. This paper applies quantitative tests to thirty years of Census data to look for evidence of precursors in the Northern Territory and discusses the demographic and policy implications in light of the findings.
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Zhang, Hongchen. "The Spatial Distribution and Evolution of Traditional Villages Based on Remote Sensing Technology." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (April 12, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8022002.
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With the rapid progress of the era and the intensification of urbanization, the traditional villages in the fringe areas have become empty villages. Based on the protection of China’s long-standing farming culture, the state preserves the traditional Chinese rural characteristics with the support of advocating the development of urbanization in villages; the proposal of the revitalization strategy with Chinese rural characteristics pays great attention to and supports the development of rural characteristics to a great extent. However, China’s vast land and resources and the lack of observation technology make most people do not know enough about traditional villages. Based on the rapid development of drones and remote sensing technology in recent years, this article observes the administrative area of A county in the province of A with the support of big data technology. The DEM data taken by drones is the basic data source; that is, within a certain degree of restriction, elevation data (DEM) can realize effective digital simulation. And the current situation of rural settlement space in County A is analyzed through comprehensive technologies such as GIS technology, parametric analysis technology, and landscape pattern index grading; GIS technology can transform data from multiple sources into geographic graphics. And from the perspective of the ecological environment, the geographical, land use, and settlement spatial pattern of the rural settlements in County A are analyzed, revealing that the spatial distribution of rural settlements in County A is affected by the ecological environment. The results of the study show that the classification statistics table of rural residential areas in County A shows that the base number of independent courtyards is particularly large, accounting for about 83% of the total residential areas. The rural residential areas in County A are dominated by single-family clusters and small clusters, which together account for more than 99.1% of the total area. Large- and medium-sized gathering points are relatively small, accounting for only about 0.87% of the number of village gatherings.
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Deiana, Rita, David Vicenzutto, Gian Piero Deidda, Jacopo Boaga, and Michele Cupitò. "Remote Sensing, Archaeological, and Geophysical Data to Study the Terramare Settlements: The Case Study of Fondo Paviani (Northern Italy)." Remote Sensing 12, no. 16 (August 13, 2020): 2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162617.
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During the Middle and Recent Bronze Age, the Po Plain and, more broadly Northern Italy were populated by the so-called “Terramare”, embanked settlements, surrounded by a moat. The buried remains of these archaeological settlements are characterized by the presence of a system of palaeo-environments and a consequent natural gradient in soil moisture content. These differences in the soil are often firstly detectable on the surface during the seasonal variations, with aerial, satellite, and Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) images, without any information on the lateral and in-depth extension of the related buried structures. The variation in the moisture content of soils is directly related to their differences in electrical conductivity. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM), also known as electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements, provide non-direct measurements of electrical conductivity in the soils, helping in the reconstruction of the geometry of different buried structures. This study presents the results of the multidisciplinary approach adopted to the study of the Terramare settlement of Fondo Paviani in Northern Italy. Remote sensing and archaeological data, collected over about 10 years, combined with more recent ERT and FDEM measurements, contributed to the analysis of this particular, not yet wholly investigated, archaeological site. The results obtained by the integrated multidisciplinary study here adopted, provide new useful, interesting information for the archaeologists also suggesting future strategies for new studies still to be conducted around this important settlement.
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Lautetu, Lisa Meidiyanti, Hayati Sari Hasibuan, and Rudy Parluhutan Tambunan. "Land management on small islands based on settlement distribution patterns: studies on Sulabesi Island, Indonesia." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 9, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 3653. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2022.094.3653.
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With limited land availability, the land use and management on the small island must be sustainable. Sulabesi Island, with an area of <2000 km<sup>2</sup>, makes it one of the small islands in North Maluku and a remote island. This condition makes Sulabesi vulnerable to land loss and faced with adverse threats both environmentally and socio-economically if the allocation of residential places does not manage appropriately. The study aimed to identify the distribution of coastal settlement land with the characteristics of the island landscape, including analyzing its suitability to coastal boundaries and recommending directions for the development of coastal settlements on Sulabesi island. The method of this study used the geographic information system (GIS) to provide a spatial picture with overlaying and buffering techniques. The data analysis used topography, slope, distribution of settlements, and coastlines with collected data sources from government agencies and remote sensing, including field observations. The analysis results showed that the settlements scattered Sulabesi island randomly and separately with linear patterns, clustering, and combinations. The distribution in the island landscape was with a dominant height at 0-200 m and a slope of 0-30% or is a flat-steep plain. Besides that also shows a mismatch of utilization between the residence and the coastal border area, so land use for future settlements can do on the more proportional ground, especially outside the coastal buffer area. The results of this study's analysis can be used for further direction in regional planning and land management on small islands.
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Siraj, Mammo, Kebin Zhang, and Kidane Moges. "Retrospective Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Dynamics Using GIS and Remote sensing in Central Highlands of Ethiopia." Journal of Landscape Ecology 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2018-0005.
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Abstract Assessing and quantifying the current forest resources status underpins sustainable forest resources planning and management. To this end, this study was conducted to analyze the dynamics of land use cover change (LUCC) and explore their drivers at the central highlands of Dry Afromontane Chilimo-Gaji forest for the study period (1973-2015) under consideration. The result of the study indicated that landscape trends have occurred in Chilimo-Gaji forest over the last 43 years and five classes of LUCC namely shrub land, rural settlement, bare land and road, forest land and agricultural land were identified. The most commonly reported drivers of deforestation in the study area were expansion of agricultural land, rural settlements, population growth, insecurity of the tenure and rights over the land, timber production and fuel wood collection. Surprisingly, the increasing demand for agricultural land and human settlement for increasing human population underpinned by expansion of agricultural activities led to the clearing of forest land in the study area. The study reveals that the forest land cover type has lost 922.14 hectares (26.96 %) which were changed into other land cover types such as agriculture and settlement for the study period under consideration with an annually rate of 21.45 ha. However, deforestation rates showed declining trend between the time periods 2008-2015 as a result of introduction of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) schemes (1996) which involve the local community in management and sharing of the benefit obtained from the management. In order to promote sustainable forest resources management in the study area in the years to come, integrated land use planning and management and addressing key drivers of deforestation were recommended.
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Uhl, Johannes H., Stefan Leyk, Zekun Li, Weiwei Duan, Basel Shbita, Yao-Yi Chiang, and Craig A. Knoblock. "Combining Remote-Sensing-Derived Data and Historical Maps for Long-Term Back-Casting of Urban Extents." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 3672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183672.
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Spatially explicit, fine-grained datasets describing historical urban extents are rarely available prior to the era of operational remote sensing. However, such data are necessary to better understand long-term urbanization and land development processes and for the assessment of coupled nature–human systems (e.g., the dynamics of the wildland–urban interface). Herein, we propose a framework that jointly uses remote-sensing-derived human settlement data (i.e., the Global Human Settlement Layer, GHSL) and scanned, georeferenced historical maps to automatically generate historical urban extents for the early 20th century. By applying unsupervised color space segmentation to the historical maps, spatially constrained to the urban extents derived from the GHSL, our approach generates historical settlement extents for seamless integration with the multi-temporal GHSL. We apply our method to study areas in countries across four continents, and evaluate our approach against historical building density estimates from the Historical Settlement Data Compilation for the US (HISDAC-US), and against urban area estimates from the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE). Our results achieve Area-under-the-Curve values >0.9 when comparing to HISDAC-US and are largely in agreement with model-based urban areas from the HYDE database, demonstrating that the integration of remote-sensing-derived observations and historical cartographic data sources opens up new, promising avenues for assessing urbanization and long-term land cover change in countries where historical maps are available.
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Xu, Xin, Qi Bo Feng, and Shi Qian Chen. "Design Solar Power Supply System in Remote Automatic Monitoring Device on Subgrade Settlement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1883.
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The solar power supply system was studied for remote automatic monitoring device on subgrade settlement. Gave the detailed design formula and circuit principle diagram, the independent solar power supply system was designed that is stable, reliable and can get a variety of output voltage. It was successfully applied to outdoor monitoring devices of subgrade settlement, the results show the solar power supply system has a high stability and efficiency, and absolutely meet the needs of project applications.
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Airapetyan, Valerik. "The Settlement and Remote - Measured Spectra of Absorption of V3 Bands of Methane and Their Analysis." Siberian Journal of Physics 4, no. 3 (October 1, 2009): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2009-4-3-25-29.
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It is lead settlement works and remote research of a spectrum of absorption of ν3 bands of methane in a range of lengths of waves 3.25–3.45 microns. Time forms and intensity of separate lines P- and R-branches are calculated. Comparison of experimentally measured and settlement spectral width and intensity separate lines of ν3 strips of methane is lead. The received results allow finding optimum values of optical parameters of probing tunable parametrical laser radiation. Settlement values of spectral width and intensity separate lines of ν3 bands of methane it will well be coordinated with the measured experimental sizes.
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Abdelkader, Mahmood, Richard Sliuzas, Luc Boerboom, Ahmed Elseicy, and Jaap Zevenbergen. "Spatial and Temporal Human Settlement Growth Differentiation with Symbolic Machine Learning for Verifying Spatial Policy Targets: Assiut Governorate, Egypt as a Case Study." Remote Sensing 12, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 3799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12223799.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since 2005, Egypt has a new land-use development policy to control unplanned human settlement growth and prevent outlying growth. This study assesses the impact of this policy shift on settlement growth in Assiut Governorate, Egypt, between 1999 and 2020. With symbolic machine learning, we extract built-up areas from Landsat images of 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 and a Landscape Expansion Index with a new QGIS plugin tool (Growth Classifier) developed to classify settlement growth types. The base year, 1999, was produced by the national remote sensing agency. After extracting the built-up areas from the Landsat images, eight settlement growth types (infill, expansion, edge-ribbon, linear branch, isolated cluster, proximate cluster, isolated scattered, and proximate scattered) were identified for four periods (1999:2005, 2005:2010, 2010:2015, and 2015:2020). The results show that prior to the policy shift of 2005, the growth rate for 1999–2005 was 11% p.a. In all subsequent periods, the growth rate exceeded the target rate of 1% p.a., though by varying amounts. The observed settlement growth rates were 5% (2005:2010), 7.4% (2010:2015), and 5.3% (2015:2020). Although the settlements in Assiut grew primarily through expansion and infill, with the latter growing in importance during the last two later periods, outlying growth is also evident. Using four class metrics (number of patches, patch density, mean patch area, and largest patch index) for the eight growth types, all types showed a fluctuated trend between all periods, except for expansion, which always tends to increase. To date, the policy to control human settlement expansion and outlying growth has been unsuccessful.
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Irwin, Geoffrey, Simon Bickler, and Philip Quirke. "Voyaging by canoe and computer: experiments in the settlement of the Pacific Ocean." Antiquity 64, no. 242 (March 1990): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00077280.
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There is no expansion of human settlement to match the colonization of the Pacific islands, from Island Southeast Asia right across to Hawaii, Easter Island and down to New Zealand. The expansion is given an extra interest by the new finding that it began as early as the Pleistocene. The settlement of the remote Pacific began after 3500 BP and computer modelling and analysis of inter-island transits explains not just how settlement was possible-but how it must have followed from the controlled navigation of directed voyages and strategies for survival.
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Wang, Ningcheng, Xinyi Zhang, Shenjun Yao, Jianping Wu, and Haibin Xia. "How Good Are Global Layers for Mapping Rural Settlements? Evidence from China." Land 11, no. 8 (August 13, 2022): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081308.
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Global urbanization has brought about a significant transition to rural areas. With the development of remote sensing technologies, land use/land cover (LULC) datasets allow users to analyze the changes in global rural settlements. However, few studies have examined the performances of the LULC datasets in mapping rural settlements. Taking China as the study area, this research selected eight of the latest LULC datasets (ESRI Land Cover, WSF, ESA WorldCover, GHS-BUILT-S2, GISD30, GISA2.0, GLC30, and GAIA) to compare their accuracy for rural settlement detection. Spatial stratified sampling was used for collecting and sampling rural settlements. We conducted omission tests, area comparison, and pixel-based accuracy tests for comparison. The results show that: (1) the performances of the 10 m resolution datasets are better than those of the 30 m resolution datasets in almost all scenarios. (2) the mapping of villages in Western China is a challenge for all datasets. (3) GHS-BUILT-S2 performs the best in almost every scenario, and can allow users to adjust the threshold value for determining a proper range of rural settlement size; ESRI outperforms any other dataset in detecting the existence of rural settlements, but it dramatically overestimates the area of rural settlements. (4) GISD30 is the best among the 30 m resolution datasets, notably in the Pearl River Delta. Finally, we provide useful suggestions on ideal map selection in various regions and scenarios.
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Rull, Valentí. "Human Discovery and Settlement of the Remote Easter Island (SE Pacific)." Quaternary 2, no. 2 (April 2, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat2020015.
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The discovery and settlement of the tiny and remote Easter Island (Rapa Nui) has been a classical controversy for decades. Present-day aboriginal people and their culture are undoubtedly of Polynesian origin, but it has been debated whether Native Americans discovered the island before the Polynesian settlement. Until recently, the paradigm was that Easter Island was discovered and settled just once by Polynesians in their millennial-scale eastward migration across the Pacific. However, the evidence for cultivation and consumption of an American plant—the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)—on the island before the European contact (1722 CE), even prior to the Europe-America contact (1492 CE), revived controversy. This paper reviews the classical archaeological, ethnological and paleoecological literature on the subject and summarizes the information into four main hypotheses to explain the sweet potato enigma: the long-distance dispersal hypothesis, the back-and-forth hypothesis, the Heyerdahl hypothesis, and the newcomers hypothesis. These hypotheses are evaluated in light of the more recent evidence (last decade), including molecular DNA phylogeny and phylogeography of humans and associated plants and animals, physical anthropology (craniometry and dietary analysis), and new paleoecological findings. It is concluded that, with the available evidence, none of the former hypotheses may be rejected and, therefore, all possibilities remain open. For future work, it is recommended to use the multiple working hypotheses framework and the strong inference method of hypothesis testing, rather than the ruling theory approach, very common in Easter Island research.
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Shimojima, Sayoko, and Yasuo Ohe. "Assessing Effective Determinants toward Settlement of Newcomers to a Remote Island." Journal of Rural Problems 52, no. 3 (2016): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe.52.105.
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Dixon, Boyd. "First Settlement of Remote Oceania Earliest Sites in the Mariana Islands." Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 9, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 443–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564894.2013.861546.
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