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Статті в журналах з теми "Remote activation"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Liu, Yunyun, and Baoli Zhao. "Step-Economical C–H Activation Reactions Directed by In Situ Amidation." Synthesis 52, no. 21 (May 18, 2020): 3211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707124.

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Анотація:

Owing to the inherent ability of amides to chelate transition-metal catalysts, amide-directed C–H activation reactions constitute a major tactic in directed C–H activation reactions. While the conventional procedures for these reactions usually involve prior preparation and purification of amide substrates before the C–H activation, the step economy is actually undermined by the operation of installing the directing group (DG) and related substrate purification. In this context, directed C–H activation via in situ amidation of the crude material provides a new protocol that can significantly enhance the step economy of amide-directed C–H activation. In this short review, the advances in C–H bond activation reactions mediated or initiated by in situ amidation are summarized and analyzed.1 Introduction2 In Situ Amidation in Aryl C–H Bond Activation3 In Situ Amidation in Alkyl C–H Bond Activation4 Annulation Reactions via Amidation-Mediated C–H Activation5 Remote C–H Activation Mediated by Amidation6 Conclusion

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2

Brier, Matthew I., and Jonathan S. Dordick. "Remote activation of cellular signaling." Science 368, no. 6494 (May 28, 2020): 936–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb9122.

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3

Shennib, Adnan. "Remote magnetic activation of hearing devices." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 1 (2008): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2832834.

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4

Marino, Attilio, Satoshi Arai, Yanyan Hou, Andrea Degl’Innocenti, Valentina Cappello, Barbara Mazzolai, Young-Tae Chang, Virgilio Mattoli, Madoka Suzuki, and Gianni Ciofani. "Gold Nanoshell-Mediated Remote Myotube Activation." ACS Nano 11, no. 3 (January 25, 2017): 2494–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b08202.

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5

Brown, Adam J., and Martin R. Bennett. "Remote Endothelial Activation Following Myocardial Infarction." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 72, no. 9 (August 2018): 1027–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.068.

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6

Ragains, Justin, Mark Spell, Kristina Deveaux, and Caitlin Bresnahan. "O-Glycosylation Enabled by Remote Activation." Synlett 28, no. 07 (February 16, 2017): 751–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588945.

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7

Ackermann, Lutz, Korkit Korvorapun, Ramesh C. Samanta, and Torben Rogge. "Remote C–H Functionalizations by Ruthenium Catalysis." Synthesis 53, no. 17 (April 19, 2021): 2911–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1485-5156.

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Анотація:

AbstractSynthetic transformations of otherwise inert C–H bonds have emerged as a powerful tool for molecular modifications during the last decades, with broad applications towards pharmaceuticals, material sciences, and crop protection. Consistently, a key challenge in C–H activation chemistry is the full control of site-selectivity. In addition to substrate control through steric hindrance or kinetic acidity of C–H bonds, one important approach for the site-selective C–H transformation of arenes is the use of chelation-assistance through directing groups, therefore leading to proximity-induced ortho-C–H metalation. In contrast, more challenging remote C–H activations at the meta- or para-positions continue to be scarce. Within this review, we demonstrate the distinct character of ruthenium catalysis for remote C–H activations until March 2021, highlighting among others late-stage modifications of bio-relevant molecules. Moreover, we discuss important mechanistic insights by experiments and computation, illustrating the key importance of carboxylate-assisted C–H activation with ruthenium(II) complexes.1 Introduction2 Stoichiometric Remote C–H Functionalizations3 meta-C–H Functionalizations4 para-C–H Functionalizations5 meta-/ortho-C–H Difunctionalizations6 Conclusions

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8

Amelino, Domenico, Mario Barbareschi, and Alessandro Cilardo. "An IP Core Remote Anonymous Activation Protocol." IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tetc.2016.2624026.

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9

Žari, Sergei, Marina Kudrjashova, Tõnis Pehk, Margus Lopp, and Tõnis Kanger. "Remote Activation of the Nucleophilicity of Isatin." Organic Letters 16, no. 6 (March 10, 2014): 1740–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol500421k.

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10

Ryan, Lee, Lynn Nadel, Trina Keil, Karen Putnam, David Schnyer, Theodore Trouard, and Morris Moscovitch. "Hippocampal activation during retrieval of remote memories." NeuroImage 11, no. 5 (May 2000): S396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91327-2.

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11

Varela, Jesús A., Diego Peña, Bernd Goldfuss, Dmitri Denisenko, Jiri Kulhanek, Kurt Polborn, and Paul Knochel. "Diastereoselective Remote CH Activation by Hydroboration." Chemistry - A European Journal 10, no. 17 (September 6, 2004): 4252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200400023.

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12

Rasmussen, Anton M. H., Michael N. Groves, and Bjørk Hammer. "Remote Activation of Chemical Bonds in Heterogeneous Catalysis." ACS Catalysis 4, no. 4 (March 17, 2014): 1182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cs400875k.

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13

Scholze, Heidi, and Jens Boch. "TAL effectors are remote controls for gene activation." Current Opinion in Microbiology 14, no. 1 (February 2011): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2010.12.001.

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14

Harris, Trevor, Gabriel dos Passos Gomes, Suliman Ayad, Ronald J. Clark, Vladislav V. Lobodin, Megan Tuscan, Kenneth Hanson, and Igor V. Alabugin. "Twisted Cycloalkynes and Remote Activation of “Click” Reactivity." Chem 3, no. 4 (October 2017): 629–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2017.07.011.

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15

Oh, Moonhyun, Kunquan Yu, Huazhi Li, Eric J Watson, Gene B Carpenter, and Dwight A Sweigart. "The Remote Activation of Chemical Bondsvia Metal Coordination." Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 345, no. 910 (September 2003): 1053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200303080.

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16

Chen, Yaofeng, Gang Wu, and Guillermo C. Bazan. "Remote Activation of Nickel Catalysts for Ethylene Oligomerization." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 44, no. 7 (February 4, 2005): 1108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200461630.

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17

Chen, Yaofeng, Gang Wu, and Guillermo C. Bazan. "Remote Activation of Nickel Catalysts for Ethylene Oligomerization." Angewandte Chemie 117, no. 7 (February 4, 2005): 1132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200461630.

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18

Chen, Wei-Hsu, Taiki Onoe, and Masao Kamimura. "Noninvasive near-infrared light triggers the remote activation of thermo-responsive TRPV1 channels in neurons based on biodegradable/photothermal polymer micelles." Nanoscale 14, no. 6 (2022): 2210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr07242k.

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Анотація:

We developed a novel biodegradable/photothermal polymer micelle-based remote-activation method for a temperature-sensitive TRPV1 ion channel. The developed polymer micelles can serve as a novel noninvasive remote-activation tool for neuronal cells.

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19

Watson, Andrew J. A., Aoife C. Maxwell, and Jonathan M. J. Williams. "Ruthenium-Catalyzed Aromatic C−H Activation of Benzylic Alcohols via Remote Electronic Activation." Organic Letters 12, no. 17 (September 3, 2010): 3856–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol101548a.

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20

Donato, Martín, María A. Goyeneche, Mariana Garces, Timoteo Marchini, Virginia Pérez, Julieta del Mauro, Christian Höcht, Manuel Rodríguez, Pablo Evelson, and Ricardo J. Gelpi. "Myocardial triggers involved in activation of remote ischaemic preconditioning." Experimental Physiology 101, no. 6 (May 1, 2016): 708–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/ep085535.

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21

Tang, Ri-Yuan, Gang Li, and Jin-Quan Yu. "Conformation-induced remote meta-C–H activation of amines." Nature 507, no. 7491 (March 2014): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12963.

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22

Wong, Gordon Tin Chun, Yao Lu, Bin Mei, Zhengyuan Xia, and Michael G. Irwin. "Cardioprotection from remote preconditioning involves spinal opioid receptor activation." Life Sciences 91, no. 17-18 (October 2012): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2012.08.037.

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23

Vialle, Greg, Matthew Di Prima, Erica Hocking, Ken Gall, Hamid Garmestani, Terry Sanderson, and Steven C. Arzberger. "Remote activation of nanomagnetite reinforced shape memory polymer foam." Smart Materials and Structures 18, no. 11 (September 15, 2009): 115014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/18/11/115014.

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24

Silva, Bianca A., Allison M. Burns, and Johannes Gräff. "A cFos activation map of remote fear memory attenuation." Psychopharmacology 236, no. 1 (August 17, 2018): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-5000-y.

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25

Zari, Sergei, Marina Kudrjashova, Tonis Pehk, Margus Lopp, and Tonis Kanger. "ChemInform Abstract: Remote Activation of the Nucleophilicity of Isatin." ChemInform 45, no. 36 (August 21, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201436130.

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26

Yakacki, Christopher M., Nitin S. Satarkar, Ken Gall, Roxanne Likos, and J. Zach Hilt. "Shape-memory polymer networks with Fe3O4nanoparticles for remote activation." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 112, no. 5 (June 5, 2009): 3166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.29845.

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27

Wu, Ching-Lin, Yu-Chen Chan, and Hsueh-Chih Chen. "Neurocognitive Mechanism of Remote and Close Associations: An fMRI Study." American Journal of Psychology 134, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/amerjpsyc.134.3.0333.

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Анотація:

Abstract Remote association is the ability to combine seemingly unrelated components into new concepts and is evaluated via the Remote Associates Test (RAT). The RAT has generally been used to examine brain activation during insight problem solving but not remote association. Moreover, little is known about the neural correlates of remote association and close association. To address this issue, we used the associative distance in the development of the RAT and designed remote associated items and close associated items. We collected brain images during observation of remote and close associated items from 30 adult participants and analyzed the activation of brain regions involved in remote and close associations. The results showed that processing of remote and close association occurred in the posterior cingulate cortex. After controlling for the influence of other associations, we found that the rostromedial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and middle temporal gyrus were involved exclusively in remote association. These results showed that remote association has conjunctive and disjunctive neurocognitive mechanisms. Our results contribute to the understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms of different associations and provide empirical support for the associative theory of creativity.

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28

Schultz, Tanja, Felix Putze, Lars Steinert, Ralf Mikut, Anamaria Depner, Andreas Kruse, Ingo Franz, et al. "I-CARE-An Interaction System for the Individual Activation of People with Dementia." Geriatrics 6, no. 2 (May 13, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6020051.

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Анотація:

I-CARE is a hand-held activation system that allows professional and informal caregivers to cognitively and socially activate people with dementia in joint activation sessions without special training or expertise. I-CARE consists of an easy-to-use tablet application that presents activation content and a server-based backend system that securely manages the contents and events of activation sessions. It tracks various sources of explicit and implicit feedback from user interactions and different sensors to estimate which content is successful in activating individual users. Over the course of use, I-CARE’s recommendation system learns about the individual needs and resources of its users and automatically personalizes the activation content. In addition, information about past sessions can be retrieved such that activations seamlessly build on previous sessions while eligible stakeholders are informed about the current state of care and daily form of their protegees. In addition, caregivers can connect with supervisors and professionals through the I-CARE remote calling feature, to get activation sessions tracked in real time via audio and video support. In this way, I-CARE provides technical support for a decentralized and spontaneous formation of ad hoc activation groups and fosters tight engagement of the social network and caring community. By these means, I-CARE promotes new care infrastructures in the community and the neighborhood as well as relieves professional and informal caregivers.

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29

Zanardi, Franca, Claudio Curti, Andrea Sartori та Lucia Battistini. "Exploring the Remote Reactivity of π-Extended Carbonyl Compounds: The Vinylogous Alkylidene Malononitrile Activation Strategy". Synlett 29, № 03 (15 листопада 2017): 266–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1589125.

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Анотація:

The installation of malononitrile into π-extended carbonyl compounds gives rise to vinylogous alkylidene malononitriles (also known as π-extended dicyanovinylidenes), the direct functionalization of which at remote C(sp3) pronucleophilic sites becomes possible and viable. Starting from easily accessible representative polyunsaturated malononitriles, mild conditions were found to directly couple them to complementary enal acceptors. In all cases, the malononitrile handle proved an indispensable (and optionally traceless) activating ingredient for the vinylogous reactions to proceed efficiently and selectively. Merging the vinylogy concept with the malononitrile HOMO-raising activation strategy and complementary organocatalytic activation modalities (i.e. LUMO-lowering iminium ion activation) turned out to be a successful option, as demonstrated by the number of diverse carbocyclic and heterocyclic chiral products that were (stereo)selectively accessed through this chemistry.1 Introduction2 Reactions of Cyclohexenylidene Malononitriles with Enals3 Reactions of Allylidene Malononitriles with Enals4 Reactions of Indolylmethylene Malononitriles with Enals5 Conclusion

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30

Watson, Andrew J. A., Aoife C. Maxwell, and Jonathan M. J. Williams. "ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium-Catalyzed Aromatic C-H Activation of Benzylic Alcohols via Remote Electronic Activation." ChemInform 41, no. 51 (November 26, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201051069.

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31

김범수, 이성철, and 임성수. "Awareness of Potential Visitors on Experience Activation in Remote Area." Journal of Korean institute of Forest Recreation 21, no. 3 (September 2017): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34272/forest.2017.21.3.003.

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32

Del Sol-Fernández, Susel, Pablo Martínez-Vicente, Pilar Gomollón-Zueco, Christian Castro-Hinojosa, Lucía Gutiérrez, Raluca M. Fratila, and María Moros. "Magnetogenetics: remote activation of cellular functions triggered by magnetic switches." Nanoscale 14, no. 6 (2022): 2091–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr06303k.

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Анотація:

Magnetogenetics: the use of magnetic fields along with magnetic actuators can be used to modulate biological functions in a non-invasive way, paving the way for the development of exciting tools useful in basic research and clinical applications.

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33

Genov, Georgi R., James L. Douthwaite, Antti S. K. Lahdenperä, David C. Gibson, and Robert J. Phipps. "Enantioselective remote C–H activation directed by a chiral cation." Science 367, no. 6483 (March 12, 2020): 1246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba1120.

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Chiral cations have been used extensively as organocatalysts, but their application to rendering transition metal–catalyzed processes enantioselective remains rare. This is despite the success of the analogous charge-inverted strategy in which cationic metal complexes are paired with chiral anions. We report here a strategy to render a common bipyridine ligand anionic and pair its iridium complexes with a chiral cation derived from quinine. We have applied these ion-paired complexes to long-range asymmetric induction in the desymmetrization of the geminal diaryl motif, located on a carbon or phosphorus center, by enantioselective C–H borylation. In principle, numerous common classes of ligand could likewise be amenable to this approach.

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34

Heusch, Gerd, Judith Musiolik, Eva Kottenberg, Jürgen Peters, Heinz Jakob, and Matthias Thielmann. "STAT5 Activation and Cardioprotection by Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Humans." Circulation Research 110, no. 1 (January 6, 2012): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.111.259556.

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35

Puga, Joel B., Bernardo D. Bordalo, Daniel J. Silva, Miguel M. Dias, João H. Belo, João P. Araújo, Joana C. R. E. Oliveira, André M. Pereira, and João Ventura. "Novel thermal switch based on magnetic nanofluids with remote activation." Nano Energy 31 (January 2017): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.11.031.

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36

Neralkar, Mahesh, Bijoyananda Mishra, and Srinivas Hotha. "Nucleofuge Generating Glycosidations by the Remote Activation of Hydroxybenzotriazolyl Glycosides." Journal of Organic Chemistry 82, no. 21 (October 20, 2017): 11494–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.7b02027.

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37

Moccetti, Federico, Eran Brown, Aris Xie, William Packwood, Yue Qi, Zaverio Ruggeri, Weihui Shentu, Junmei Chen, Jose A. López, and Jonathan R. Lindner. "Myocardial Infarction Produces Sustained Proinflammatory Endothelial Activation in Remote Arteries." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 72, no. 9 (August 2018): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.044.

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38

Shaaban, Ahmad, and Annette M. Schmidt. "Progress in the remote-controlled activation of self-healing processes." Smart Materials and Structures 25, no. 8 (July 14, 2016): 084018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/8/084018.

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39

Watson, Andrew J. A., Benjamin N. Atkinson, Aoife C. Maxwell, and Jonathan M. J. Williams. "Ruthenium-Catalyzed Remote Electronic Activation of Aromatic CF Bonds." Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 355, no. 4 (February 22, 2013): 734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201200879.

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40

Lee, Kwahun, Yi Yi, and Yan Yu. "Remote Control of T Cell Activation Using Magnetic Janus Particles." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, no. 26 (May 4, 2016): 7384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201601211.

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41

Lee, Kwahun, Yi Yi, and Yan Yu. "Remote Control of T Cell Activation Using Magnetic Janus Particles." Angewandte Chemie 128, no. 26 (May 4, 2016): 7510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201601211.

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42

Li, Jun-Long, Cai-Zhen Yue, Peng-Qiao Chen, You-Cai Xiao, and Ying-Chun Chen. "Remote Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts Alkylations of Furans through HOMO Activation." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 53, no. 21 (April 22, 2014): 5449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201403082.

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43

Li, Jun-Long, Cai-Zhen Yue, Peng-Qiao Chen, You-Cai Xiao, and Ying-Chun Chen. "Remote Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts Alkylations of Furans through HOMO Activation." Angewandte Chemie 126, no. 21 (April 22, 2014): 5553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201403082.

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44

García, Ricardo A., Kristian L. Brown, Richard S. Pavelec, Katrina V. Go, James W. Covell, and Francisco J. Villarreal. "Abnormal cardiac wall motion and early matrix metalloproteinase activity." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 288, no. 3 (March 2005): H1080—H1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00860.2004.

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Анотація:

Activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the heart is known to facilitate cardiac remodeling and progression to failure. We hypothesized that regional dyskinetic wall motion of the left ventricle would stimulate activation of MMPs. Abnormal wall motion at a target site on the anterior lateral wall of the left ventricle was induced by pacing atrial and ventricular sites of five open-chest anesthetized dogs. Changes in shortening at the left ventricular (LV) pacing site and at a remote site at the anterior base of the left ventricle were monitored with piezoelectric crystals. Simultaneous atrial and ventricular pacing resulted in abnormal motion at the LV pacing site, yielding early shortening and late systolic lengthening, whereas the shortening pattern at the remote site remained unaffected. Assessment of global myocardial MMP activity showed a sevenfold increase in substrate cleavage ( P < 0.02) at the LV pacing site relative to the remote site. Gelatin zymography revealed increases in 92-kDa MMP-9 activity and 86-kDa MMP-9 activity at the LV pacing site relative to the remote site, whereas MMP-2 activity was unaffected. Abnormal wall motion was associated with increases in collagen degradation (∼2-fold; P < 0.03), plasmin activity (∼1.5-fold; P < 0.05), nitrotyrosine levels (∼20-fold; P = 0.05), and inflammatory infiltrate (∼2-fold; P < 0.02) relative to the remote site. Results indicate that regional dyskinesis induced by epicardial activation is sufficient to stimulate significant MMP activity in the heart, suggesting that abnormal wall motion is a stimulus for MMP activation.

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45

Cullington, Helen, Padraig Kitterick, Mark Weal, and Magdalena Margol-Gromada. "Feasibility of personalised remote long-term follow-up of people with cochlear implants: a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 8, no. 4 (April 2018): e019640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019640.

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Introduction Substantial resources are required to provide lifelong postoperative care to people with cochlear implants. Most patients visit the clinic annually. We introduced a person-centred remote follow-up pathway, giving patients telemedicine tools to use at home so they would only visit the centre when intervention was required. Objectives To assess the feasibility of comparing a remote care pathway with the standard pathway in adults using cochlear implants. Design Two-arm randomised controlled trial. Randomisation used a minimisation approach, controlling for potential confounding factors. Participant blinding was not possible, but baseline measures occurred before allocation. Setting University of Southampton Auditory Implant Service: provider of National Health Service care. Participants 60 adults who had used cochlear implants for at least 6 months. Interventions Control group (n=30) followed usual care pathway. Remote care group (n=30) received care remotely for 6 months incorporating: home hearing in noise test, online support tool and self-adjustment of device (only 10 had compatible equipment). Main outcome measures Primary: change in patient activation; measured using the Patient Activation Measure. Secondary: change in hearing and quality of life; qualitative feedback from patients and clinicians. Results One participant in the remote care group dropped out. The remote care group showed a greater increase in patient activation than the control group. Changes in hearing differed between the groups. The remote care group improved on the Triple Digit Test hearing test; the control group perceived their hearing was worse on the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale questionnaire. Quality of life remained unchanged in both groups. Patients and clinicians were generally positive about remote care tools and wanted to continue. Conclusions Adults with cochlear implants were willing to be randomised and complied with the protocol. Personalised remote care for long-term follow-up is feasible and acceptable, leading to more empowered patients. Trial registration number NCT14644286.

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Escher, Dominik, Morana Bodmer-Glavas, Alcide Barberis, and Walter Schaffner. "Conservation of Glutamine-Rich Transactivation Function between Yeast and Humans." Molecular and Cellular Biology 20, no. 8 (April 15, 2000): 2774–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.8.2774-2782.2000.

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ABSTRACT Several eukaryotic transcription factors such as Sp1 or Oct1 contain glutamine-rich domains that mediate transcriptional activation. In human cells, promoter-proximally bound glutamine-rich activation domains activate transcription poorly in the absence of acidic type activators bound at distal enhancers, but synergistically stimulate transcription with these remote activators. Glutamine-rich activation domains were previously reported to also function in the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe but not in the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting that budding yeast lacks this pathway of transcriptional activation. The strong interaction of an Sp1 glutamine-rich domain with the general transcription factor TAFII110 (TAFII130), and the absence of any obvious TAFII110 homologue in the budding yeast genome, seemed to confirm this notion. We reinvestigated the phenomenon by reconstituting in the budding yeast an enhancer-promoter architecture that is prevalent in higher eukaryotes but less common in yeast. Under these conditions, we observed that glutamine-rich activation domains derived from both mammalian and yeast transcription factors activated only poorly on their own but strongly synergized with acidic activators bound at the remote enhancer position. The level of activation by the glutamine-rich activation domains of Sp1 and Oct1 in combination with a remote enhancer was similar in yeast and human cells. We also found that mutations in a glutamine-rich domain had similar phenotypes in budding yeast and human cells. Our results show that glutamine-rich activation domains behave very similarly in yeast and mammals and that their activity in budding yeast does not depend on the presence of a TAFII110 homologue.

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Medeiros, Alexandra I., Adriana Secatto, Caroline Bélanger, Carlos A. Sorgi, Pierre Borgeat, Sylvie Marleau, and Lúcia H. Faccioli. "Impairment of Neutrophil Migration to Remote Inflammatory Site during Lung Histoplasmosis." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/409309.

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Histoplasma capsulatum(Hc) induces a pulmonary disease in which leukotrienes promote activation and recruitment of effectors cells. It is also well-recognized that leukotriene B4(LTB4) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) induce leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory sites. We investigated the impact of pulmonaryHcinfection on PMN migration to a remote inflammatory site. Our results show that pulmonaryHcinfection impairs LTB4- or PAF-stimulated PMN recruitment to air pouch. Yet, remote inflammation did not modify PMN numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) ofHc-infected mice. Interestingly, the concomitant administration of PAF and LTB4receptor antagonists inhibited PMN recruitment to both BALF and the remote site, demonstrating cooperation between both mediators. Along that line, our results show that PAF-elicited PMN chemotaxis was abrogated in 5-lipoxygenase-deficient animals. These results suggest caution in the indiscriminate use of anti-inflammatory drugs during infectious diseases.

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Rekkas, P. V., and R. Todd Constable. "Evidence That Autobiographic Memory Retrieval Does Not Become Independent of the Hippocampus: An fMRI Study Contrasting Very Recent with Remote Events." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 12 (December 2005): 1950–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892905775008652.

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Traditional consolidation theory, which seeks to explain how new memories are incorporated into the preexisting neural architecture, stipulates that the hippocampus plays a time-limited role in this process. However, although there is abundant research showing that the hippocampus is necessary for the initial (encoding) phase, there is very little experimental evidence with human subjects proving that the structure ceases to play a role in the retrieval of episodic items from memory stores. To test this hypothesis, we investigated recall activation associated with recent memories (2.5 days) versus remote memories (mean of 8 years) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In accordance with the multiple memory trace theory, recall of consolidated autobiographic information, represented by the remote condition, was not independent of the hippocampus. Both types of memory retrieval produced significant activation in parahippocampal, prefrontal, and midtemporal gyri, the parietal-temporal junction, and a medial region of cortex spanning the posterior cingulate and precuneus gyri. However, where recent events activated bilateral regions of the caudate nucleus, remote events yielded significantly greater activation within the hippocampus proper. The results challenge traditional consolidation theory, which would predict greater hippocampal activity for recent events. Furthermore, they highlight the interplay between multiple memory systems in the brain. We argue that our particular question format, which encouraged depth of recall and did not require a prescan interview, as well as our delineation of the recent and remote time periods, were the determining factors for the observed pattern of hippocampal activation.

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Leitch, Jamie A., та Christopher G. Frost. "Ruthenium-catalysed σ-activation for remote meta-selective C–H functionalisation". Chemical Society Reviews 46, № 23 (2017): 7145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00496f.

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Kowalczyk, Monika S., Jim R. Hughes, Jacqueline A. Sharpe, Jill M. Brown, Veronica J. Buckle, William G. Wood та Douglas R. Higgs. "Does Transcription of Remote α-Globin Regulatory Elements Affect Their Function?." Blood 114, № 22 (20 листопада 2009): 4060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4060.4060.

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Abstract Abstract 4060 Poster Board III-995 Expression of many tissue and developmental stage specific genes is controlled by remote regulatory elements. The mammalian a-globin gene cluster includes four previously characterised remote regulatory elements (MCS-R1 to R4) upstream of the a-globin genes. Naturally occurring deletions and experiments in transgenic mice, have shown that one or more of these elements are necessary for fully regulated expression of the a-like globin genes. At present it is unclear exactly how these elements interact with the a-globin genes to enhance their expression, although ultimately we know that they physically interact with the promoters forming a chromatin loop. Of interest, three of the MCS-R sequences are located within introns of a widely expressed gene C16orf35, which lies adjacent to the a-globin locus and we now know that such complex, intermingled arrangements are common in the mammalian genome. We have asked two questions: can the MCS-R elements be transcribed while activating the globin genes, and does transcription of the MCS-R elements play any role in their activation? We have analysed nascent transcription of C16orf35 and a-globin, and shown that both genes are simultaneously transcribed in a high proportion of erythroid cells. Thus it appears that the MCS-R elements can interact with the globin genes while being transcribed. We next asked whether transcription of the C16orf35 gene (through the upstream regulatory elements) is necessary for their activation. The promoter region and a putative erythroid-specific promoter of the C16orf35 gene were deleted (singly and in combination) by homologous recombination in mice. Provisional analysis has shown no evidence of a-thalassaemia in these mice, suggesting that activation of the MCS-R elements occurs independently of their transcription. In addition to their importance in globin gene regulation, these findings have general implications for the relationship between structure and function in the mammalian genome and the mechanisms by which long-range elements interact with their cognate promoters. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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