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1
Waldman, Linda. "Christian Souls and Griqua Boorlings: Religious and Political Identity in Griquatown." Itinerario 27, no. 3-4 (November 2003): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300020830.
Анотація:
The politics of coloured people in twentieth-century South Africa have generally been characterised as marginal from mainstream South African events. Correspondingly, attempts to initiate political developments along cultural or ethnic lines - emphasising Mama or Griqua identity, for example - have been noted primarily for their divisive and factional composition. Such writings focus on overt political action. They highlight either leaders’ involvement with, or opposition to, state structures; or the internal, often petty and frustrated conflicts between leaders, but fail to explain the marginalisation of coloured politics. But this emphasis on ‘the political’ removes from our gaze other, more productive avenues for understanding the identity of mixed-race people in South Africa. Political activity, for the Griqua, cannot be evaluated except through the lens of Christianity. Since religion promises to fulfil people's ambitions through redemption in the afterlife, Griqua-Christian ideas about overt political quests and active campaigning against discrimination - on either an individual or societal level - tended to be deemed unnecessary. As it was God who ultimately meted out punishments or rewards, Griqua people's energies were better used worshipping him. Nonetheless, these same Griqua people lived in the profane world in which - at least during the apartheid era - they were officially classified as ‘coloured’. Their struggles, based primarily on the need for official ethnic recognition as Griqua, were, in effect, political struggles. This partly Griqua, partly coloured identity enabled them considerable political flexibility and produced the complex social patterns explored below. A further distinction underpinning the Griqua-coloured ambiguity was that between inkommers (newcomers) and boorlings (people born to Griqua-town).
2
Purwanto, Edi. "KEBEBASAN BERAGAMA, RELIGIUSITAS DAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI." Manna Rafflesia 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2023): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.38091/man_raf.v10i1.332.
Анотація:
This study employs a literature review methodology to investigate the interplay among religious freedom, religiosity, and economic development. It examines how religious freedom influences religiosity levels and economic growth, drawing on various research propositions and empirical evidence. The research relies on reputable international journal sources and keywords related to religious economy, competition, markets, and their impact on religiosity and economic development. The study reveals a significant relationship between religious freedom and religiosity, highlighting seven key propositions, including the role of state involvement in regulating religious activities, the effects of unregulated religious activities, and the impact on societal acceptance of religious symbols and rituals. It also explores the connection between religious freedom and economic development, emphasizing that it is integral to civil and political liberties, removing barriers to innovation, trade, and investment and ultimately contributing to social stability and cultural diversity. In conclusion, this study illuminates the complex connections between religious freedom, religiosity, and economic development, offering insights for policymakers to protect religious rights, encourage pluralism, and foster a diverse and inclusive society that values religious freedom and economic growth.
3
Kanellopoulos, Anastasios-Nikolaos. "Comprehensive Examination of Hamas." Security science journal 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/ssj.4.2.6.
Анотація:
Hamas, a Palestinian terrorist organization with significant global implications, holds a substantial political, military and societal presence in the Levant region. This research offers a comprehensive analysis of Hamas, delving into its historical evolution, ideological foundations and operational tactics, providing an intricate understanding of its role within the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It traces Hamas's trajectory from its origins as a religious and social movement to its current status as a terrorist organization with a political dimension. Furthermore, this study dissects the organization's objectives and strategies, shedding light on its territorial aspirations, relationships with Israel, and other Palestinian factions and its position on the international stage.A pivotal focus of this analysis centers on the profiling of Hamas members, encompassing their diverse regional, socioeconomic, educational and cultural backgrounds. This emphasis highlights the nuanced factors driving their affiliation with the organization. Empirical research findings underscore the intricate motivations behind Hamas membership, encompassing religious fervor, socio-political discontent and external influences as pivotal factors. Additionally, the study explores the roles and activities of Hamas members, including their involvement in leadership, military operations, political engagement and social functions, each contributing to the multi-faceted nature of the organization.
4
Jamal Elatrash, Radwan, Sri Tuti Rahmawati, and Ziyad Alhaq. "Women Empowerment from Quranic perspective." AL-BURHĀN: JOURNAL OF QURʾĀN AND SUNNAH STUDIES 7, no. 2 (December 10, 2023): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/alburhn.v7i2.291.
Анотація:
Despite the teachings of Islam that advocate for women's rights and empowerment, a substantial disparity persists between the ideal principles and the actual conditions in numerous Muslim communities. Women in many Muslim-majority nations encounter diverse challenges hindering their empowerment and complete societal involvement. Key factors contributing to the predicament of women's empowerment in Islam encompass patriarchal attitudes and cultural norms that confine women's roles and opportunities, as well as limited access to education and training, restricting their active participation in economic and political spheres. Present-day concerns include workplace discrimination and bias against women, encompassing unequal pay and limited advancement opportunities. Additionally, insufficient access to healthcare, education, societal engagement, and reproductive rights adversely affect women's health and well-being. Gender-based violence and harassment, encompassing domestic violence, sexual assault, and trafficking, exacerbate these challenges. Legal inadequacies in protecting and enforcing women's rights regarding marriage, divorce, inheritance, and property ownership further compound the issue. Misinterpretation and misapplication of religious teachings contribute to harmful practices such as forced marriage and female genital mutilation. Addressing these challenges necessitates targeted interventions and policy changes to dismantle significant barriers to women's empowerment in Muslim communities. The researcher employed an inductive approach, tracing research components from exegetical, hadith, and jurisprudential books to derive general rulings. Subsequently, an analytical method was utilized to categorize and discuss scientific material, yielding specific rulings about the subject. The research reached certain significant results, emphasizing the promotion of women's rights, equality, and comprehensive societal participation to foster just and equitable societies. A focus on women's rights to education, societal engagement, economic independence, fair treatment in marriage, and protection from violence and discrimination is crucial. Quranic teachings offer valuable guidance for Muslims to contribute to women's empowerment in their societies actively.
5
Ferdous, Jannatul, and Md Nahidul Islam. "Women in Urban Local Government in Bangladesh: A Study on Narayanganj City Corporation." Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v2i2.36.
Анотація:
Women's equal participation in politics is critical to women's advancement. This determination, however, is not to be made uniformly across the globe. Yet, in contemporary periods, it has witnessed a significant shift in women's political participation globally. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of women's overall participation, their socioeconomic status, and their valuable role in urban policy formulation and implementation in Bangladesh. In this analysis, primary and secondary data are integrated. Primary sources are referenced to substantiate theories and arguments asserted in the secondary literature, which are based on the case study of Narayanganj City Corporation. It is completed with the assistance of theories and contentions gleaned from secondary sources. Additionally, this study concludes with an examination of Bangladeshi women's position in the decision-making process. Another pressing need is to broaden the participation of women in political culture at the grassroots level. In urban areas, the City Corporation must interact with various government, autonomous, and semi-autonomous bodies. The situation of female ward councillors has deteriorated to the point where there is some ambiguity. Women's involvement in politics has been limited by a decline in financial capital and family support. Women can appeal to low-level politics thanks to a patriarchal viewpoint. In Bangladesh, women continue to struggle for equal rights and face political challenges. Societal norms enforce gender stereotypes. Religious restrictions are the most severe concern among Bangladesh's status issues, which have a complicated structure. Women are not politically socialized enough to participate in the political life of their country. The City Corporation's institutional rules and responsibilities are of little concern to women, and the existing regulations are insufficient. Therefore, the paper can reveal the actual scenario of women's representation and obstacles in the urban level of Bangladesh.
6
Osman, Fatima, Noralfishah Sulaiman, and Uzair Bhatti. "Motives and Barriers of Female Entrepreneurship in the Kurdistan Region." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(69).
Анотація:
The involvement of Kurdish women in nationalistic revolutions has left many astonished. Kurdistan's history is enriched with many women that have had leadership roles in political, religious, and even military positions. This research examined the life of modern working women in Kurdistan that have turned to entrepreneurship to break from societal ties in addition to expressing their creativity and unique skills while continuing to meet their responsibilities as daughters, wives, and mothers. The purpose of this research was to answer questions regarding the motives of female entrepreneurs as well as the general and gender-based barriers that female entrepreneurs face in the Region. According to Al-silefanee (2019), the entrepreneurial ecosystem consists of two significant elements, the entrepreneur and the environment in which the entrepreneur operates. Regardless of how new the idea of entrepreneurship is to KRI, the region has the chance to build-up the entrepreneurship ecosystem by encouraging entrepreneurship through the development of an environment that facilitates entrepreneurial youth and initiate economic growth. Keywords: Female Entrepreneurship; Online Businesses; Entrepreneurship Motives.
7
Bandama, Kudakwashe. "Exploring the influence of culture on democratic norms and practices: A case study of electoral campaign and voting processes in The Gambia." African Journal of Inclusive Societies 3, no. 1 (December 4, 2023): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.59186/si.uw3d4tb7.
Анотація:
This study delves into the intricate connection between culture and social norms, which together mould the backdrop of all democratic practices. Culture, encompassing a rich array of customs, rituals, religious beliefs, traditions, music and enterprise, exerts fundamental influence in shaping human conduct and, by extension, democratic norms. Through its pervasive impact, culture intricately weaves together the social and political realms unveiling the nuanced effects of norms and practices on accountability, inclusivity, tolerance and transparency within democratic systems. This study focuses on The Gambia as a case study, evaluating the distinct campaign and voting processes in this country, and providing an analysis aimed at affirming the practical significance and impact of culture on democracy. An exploration of the interplay between cultural norms and democratic processes emphasises their sway over civic participation, pluralism and the core tenets of democracy. The study examines how culture, as a formative force, shapes individual outlooks toward political engagement, spotlighting the substantial influence of factors like religion, tradition and socialisation. The study elucidates on this relationship by casting a spotlight on the fundamental association between humanities and culture. It highlights how humanities serve as the cornerstone upon which various aspects of culture are constructed (Bewaji, 2017). The study conclusively underscores that culture wields substantial guidance on democratic practices, by acting as the foundation upon which societal norms and political behaviours are constructed. Making sense of the ways in which culture moulds democratic involvement allows policymakers, cultural activists and scholars to develop strategies for harnessing cultural strengths. Overall, the study enriches the broader discourse on democracy in Africa by showing the intricate interplay between culture and the operational dynamics of democracy.
8
Nurul Jannah Zainan Nazri. "EDITORIAL." AL-BURHĀN: JOURNAL OF QURʾĀN AND SUNNAH STUDIES 8, no. 1 (March 17, 2024): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/alburhn.v8i1.344.
Анотація:
The February issue of Al-Burhan journal commences with an illuminating exploration into the profound realm of Maqāṣid al-Qur’ān. This meticulous analysis unveils the inherent noble goals of preservation, justice, compassion, and knowledge within the Quranic framework. By adeptly integrating expert insights and diverse methodologies, the study not only sheds light on the nuanced understanding of Maqāṣid but also accentuates its enduring relevance across varied contexts and epochs. It eloquently advocates for a just and compassionate way of life rooted in Islamic principles, fostering harmony among diverse communities, while poignantly emphasising the Qur’ān’s profound significance as a timeless source of divine wisdom.
The subsequent article ventures into an examination of critical thinking from a Quranic perspective, highlighting the deficiencies in conventional education systems. It stresses the imperative of integrating ethical, moral, and spiritual dimensions into traditional frameworks, recognising knowledge beyond the empirical. Drawing parallels between Quranic teachings and Western models, the research aims to promote a comprehensive approach to critical thinking. By prioritising moral and spiritual growth alongside technical skills, it challenges prevailing educational paradigms and advocates for holistic development.
Understanding the communication methods of Prophet Mohammad (SAW) holds paramount importance for both Muslims and non-Muslims seeking to emulate his sunnah. Through a comprehensive archival study of ahadeeth in Sahih Al-Bukhari, the subsequent article unveils quantitative insights into the verbal and nonverbal communicative elements employed by the Prophet. This research provides valuable insights into Prophet Mohammad's communicative example, guiding successful messaging and adherence to his Sunnah.
The halal certification process undergoes a thorough analysis in the fourth article, utilizing Quranic verses and Shariah principles as guiding benchmarks. By focusing on legislation, practicality, harm elimination, and positive impact, the research evaluates market leaders across various sectors. It emphasises the necessity of incorporating Shariah principles in understanding customer demand, especially in sectors such as processed food and clothing. Ultimately, the research aims to foster economic and social growth through the production and consumption of more halal products and services.
The fifth article delves into the importance of applied research in driving societal change, particularly in addressing pressing issues such as food shortages exacerbated by population growth. Despite the absence of explicit mention in the Qur’an, the study adeptly demonstrates the relevance of applied research in enhancing agricultural productivity. Through illuminating examples from diverse contexts, the research highlights the indispensable role of applied research in addressing societal issues and fostering tangible positive transformations.
A nuanced exploration of human evolution from an Islamic standpoint is presented in the sixth article, navigating the tensions between scientific theories and religious beliefs. By highlighting the centrality of mankind's creation in Islamic theology and contrasting it with evolutionary concepts, the article prompts critical reflection and scholarly inquiry. It highlights the importance of a thorough understanding of both Islamic teachings and biological evidence in addressing this contentious issue.
The seventh article offers a comprehensive examination of women's political engagement in Iraq post-2003, shedding light on their significant strides despite facing numerous challenges. Through historical, descriptive, and political analysis, the text underscores the noteworthy involvement of Iraqi women in governmental and parliamentary roles, showcasing their ongoing efforts to promote progress within the political system.
Moving to the first Arabic article in this issue, the study meticulously examines the foundational principles of political authority in Islam. It highlights the consensus among Islamic scholars regarding the state's role in ensuring the welfare and happiness of citizens, emphasizing justice, trustworthiness, truth, and freedom in political governance.
The ninth article addresses the humanity of individuals in their interactions with people of diverse faiths, emphasizing humane relations devoid of violence, extremism, and selfishness. By illuminating the Prophet's (SAW) interactions with non-Muslims, the research seeks to promote justice and generosity that transcend religious, sectarian, societal, and cultural boundaries.
Finally, the insightful study delves into the religious dimension of the African identity crisis, examining the resistance against Western colonization in West African countries. Through a theoretical framework grounded in historical sources, the research underscores the enduring influence of figures who resisted colonial encroachment, preserving Islam's significance in Gambian society.
In summary, the February edition presents an array of scholarly contributions that meticulously examine various facets of Islamic thought, historical narratives, and contemporary challenges, all deeply rooted in the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah. These articles collectively enrich the understanding while fostering rigorous discourse, transcending the confines of academia to engage a broader audience.
Nurul Jannah Zainan Nazri
Editor
Al-Burhan Journal of Qur’an and Sunnah Studies
9
Khairil Musthafa, Adib, Oky Bagas Prasetyo, and Amin Maghfuri. "KIAI, USTAZ, AND GHURU MOROK: CONTESTATION AND TOLERANCE OF THREE RELIGIOUS AUTHORITIES IN KANGEAN ISLAND, MADURA." Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 21, no. 2 (December 11, 2023): 561–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v21i2.1125.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Socio-religious movements are intrinsically linked to religious authorities within a society, including those of traditional Islamic movements in Madura which significantly shaps the power dynamics of local religious authorities. The influence of the kiai, a local Muslim leader, extends well beyond religious authority, shaping political, social, economic, and cultural life in significant ways. However, the roles of other authorities, such as the Ustaz, often go overlooked in the Madurese society. This article delves into the roles of three religious authorities in Kangean Island, Madura: the Kiai, Ustaz, and Ghuru Morok (Kiai Langgar). This ethnographic research was conducted through in-depth interviews and active involvement in various activities of these religious authority figures. The researcher also made extensive observations of the activities of these religious authority figures through direct engagement. The data was collected and analyzed with a keen focus on understanding the unique roles and influences of these religious authorities within the cultural and societal context of Kangean Island. The study finds that the Kiai, identified with Traditional Islam and affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama, maintains a dualistic approach towards local traditions, encompassing both mystification and demystification. In contrast, the Ustaz, associated with Puritan Islamic groups affiliated with Persis and Muhammadiyah, tends to demystify local traditions. Meanwhile, the Ghuru Morok, although similar to the Kiai from traditional Islam, leans closer to Syncretic Islam in practice. The Ghuru Morok tends to mystify local traditions. Keywords: Religious authority, Contestation, Tolerance, Islamic Culture, Indonesian Muslim ABSTRAK Gerakan sosial keagamaan memiliki relasi kuat dengan otoritas keagamaan dalam masyarakat. Dominasi gerakan Islam tradisional di Madura misalnya, ikut serta membentuk kuasa otoritas keagamaan daerah ini. Kontrol kiai terhadap berbagai persoalan-persoalan masyarakat telah menjadi bagian inheren yang membuktikan bahwa kiai memiliki peran cukup kuat tidak saja dalam otoritas keagamaan, akan tetapi kuasa dan peran karismatik kiai juga memainkan peran dinamik dalam kehidupan politik, sosial, ekomomi dan budaya. Kendati demikian otoritas Ghuru Morok (Kiai Langgar) dan Ustaz kerap kali diabaikan atau diperlakukan sebagai otoritas lain dalam masyarakat Madura. Artikel ini menganalisis tiga otoritas keagamaan dalam masyarakat Pulau Kangean, Madura yakni: Kiai, ustaz dan Ghuru Morok (kiai Langgar). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kiai merupakan otoritas keagamaan yang identik dengan Islam Tradisional yang berafiliasi dengan Nahdlatul Ulama. Kiai merupakan otoritas keagamaan yang melakukan dua hal secara bersamaan terhadap tradisi lokal: mistifikasi dan demistifikasi. Sementara Ustaz identik dengan kelompok Islam Puritan yang berafiliasi dengan Persis dan Muhammadiyah. Ustaz merupakan otoritas keagamaan yang cenderung melakukan demistifikasi terhadap tradisi lokal. Sementara sebaliknya, Ghuru Morok yang cenderung sama dengan Kiai dari kalangan Islam tradisional walaupun secara praktik lebih dekat dengan varian Islam Sinkretik. Ghuru Morok adalah otoritas keagamaan yang cenderung melakukan mistifikasi terhadap tradisi lokal. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian etnografis, data penelitian didapatkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan keterlibatan peneliti dalam berbagai kegiatan-kegiatan ketiga otoritas keagamaan di lapangan. Pengamatan mendalam terhadap aktivitas-aktivitas ketiga otoritas keagamaan juga dilakukan dengan keterlibatan langsung peneliti. Kata Kunci: Otoritas keagamaan, Kontestasi, Toleransi, Budaya Islam
10
Kim, Andrew. "Minjung Theology in Contemporary Korea: Liberation Theology and a Reconsideration of Secularization Theory." Religions 9, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9120415.
Анотація:
The Sewol Ferry tragedy in April 2014 has drawn a renewed attention to the role of religion in South Korea. Theologians and religiously-motivated NGOs in Korea at the time and thereafter have called for the need for religion, and religious organizations, to become more actively involved with societal needs, especially after disasters, to help alleviate their pain by providing relief aid and counselling. Such calls for the greater involvement of religion in relief efforts have coincided with Pope Francis’ repeated calls for the Catholic Church’s greater involvement in social affairs on behalf of the poor and the underprivileged. This paper contends that these developments in and outside of Korea provide an opportune time to renew discussion on oft-misunderstood liberation theology. This is because the latter’s advocacy of an interpretation of the teachings of Jesus Christ from the perspective of the poor and the marginalized for the purpose of alleviating unjust economic, social, or political conditions is as compelling today as it was some 60 years ago when it first arose. The paper offers a reassessment of the role of religion in light of liberation theology, arguing that religion can make itself more relevant to people’s lives today by engaging more actively with social issues. The paper will pay special attention to liberation theology in the Korean context, namely minjungshinhak or “people’s theology.” The paper also discusses the implications of liberation theology for secularization theory, arguing, among others, that the former refutes the “decline of religion” thesis of the latter, since liberation theology manifests a different role of religion in contemporary society rather than its diminishing significance.
11
Van Diepen, Cornelia, and Diego Rosales. "LGBTQ+ persons access to (person-centred) care according to posts on Twitter." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23368.
Анотація:
This project follows the premise of person-centred care (PCC) as a holistic model of care in which all persons are included, and their preference and needs are incorporated in the care process. A group for which this is particularly important are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and others (LGBTQ+) healthcare seekers. They are often discriminated against and occasionally refused treatment because the healthcare system does not recognise their needs. This project aims to see their unique perspective on their healthcare treatment and the need for PCC. The study presented here is displaying voices that would otherwise go unheard and social media is a place where these marginalised groups interact express their opinions and experiences.
This study focuses on access to healthcare and what barriers and facilitators are present in the tweets on this subject. This study’s data are gathered through tweets as, although somewhat widespread in a population, the LGBTQ+ community comes together on social network platforms. For this study, both English and Spanish tweets are sought to investigate this issue as this is a trending topic in both the USA and Latin-America.
Public and Patient involvement was applied in this study so that a LGBTQ+ individual could help with the search terms and interpretation of the results. Another public partner was added for the translation of the Spanish tweets to ensure that the meaning behind the tweets was preserved. This last partner cowrote a pilot paper and was involved in writing this study too.
The results showed that most of the barriers can be found in society outside of healthcare. Political agendas, religious beliefs and xenophobia were at the forefront of the barriers. LGBTQ+ persons experience challenges with opposing legislation as well as stigma and misunderstandings. With the political debate the distance to receiving quality care increased. Most facilitators were only accessible when the person receives care. The healthcare providers were clear that societal opposition would not affect the hypocritic oath.
This study confirms that for this marginalised group, researching them once they are in healthcare is too late as much of the barriers are presented before. Research should be more inventive and finding different ways (such as through tweets) to reach these groups that need PCC but have difficulty getting there.
The next step is a larger project in which not only the tweets are analysed but the LGBTQ+ Twitter users are asked for interviews to uncover the context of the tweet and the entire experience of barriers and facilitators to healthcare.
12
Arifin, Syamsul, Hasnan Bachtiar, Ahmad Nur Fuad, Tongat Tongat, and Wahyudi Wahyudi. "Minority Muslims and freedom of religion: Learning from Australian Muslims’ Experiences." Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies 9, no. 2 (December 25, 2019): 295–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v9i2.295-326.
Анотація:
This paper aims to examine the position of ummah while Muslims are living as minority in Australia. This paper argues that Australia as a secular and multicultural state has supported the development of ummah. There are some reasons to deal with this argument: first, the state consistently protects, respects and fulfils the right to the freedom of religion of all citizens because it ratified some international human rights documents; second, the state administrators have shown their professionalism in their daily life activity in terms of implementing the state law enforcement; third, although there are minor cases of religious discrimination that have been imposed by a minority group of fundamentalist Christian, they can be mitigated through the larger involvements of Muslims in the process of social development such as organising interreligious dialogues, discussions on religious tolerance, which significantly has been conditioned by the societal context of multiculturalism in Australia; fourth, a Muslim intellectual in Australia is totally pro-human rights.
13
Maspul, Kurniawan Arif. "Faith, Politics, and Democracy: Unraveling Historical and Contemporary Dynamics in Religious Influences on Electoral Processes." Religion and Policy Journal 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/rpj.v1i2.628.
Анотація:
Research Problem: This qualitative research addresses the intricate relationship between religion, politics, and societal dynamics, focusing on historical contexts in the early 7th century Islamic Caliphate and contemporary Saudi Arabia. It aims to understand how religion influences political decisions and societal structures, both historically and in the present day. Research purposes: The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the spread of Islam's impact on governance and societal norms, particularly examining the dominance of Islamic governance in the early 7th century Caliphate and its evolution over time. Additionally, it seeks to empirically demonstrate the role of religious authorities in shaping governmental policies in contemporary Saudi Arabia. Research methods: Methodologically, this research employs qualitative analysis techniques, utilizes unique datasets, and adopts a comparative approach. It delves into historical records and contemporary observations to uncover nuanced interactions between religious institutions and political choices. Results and Discussion: The study reveals the historical dominance of Islamic governance and its subsequent evolution due to various societal and political movements. It also provides empirical evidence of the significant role religious authorities play in shaping governmental policies in contemporary Saudi Arabia, particularly in social and legal frameworks. The research discusses the influence of religious leaders on their followers and explores the role of clerics in shaping public opinion and political participation. Research Implications and Contributions: This study has several implications and contributions. Firstly, it enriches our understanding of the intricate dynamics between Islam and politics, offering valuable insights into the historical depth and contemporary significance of this interconnected relationship. Secondly, it contributes to comparative political research by reflecting on the enduring legacy of Huntington's clash of civilizations thesis, highlighting the ongoing relevance of religious influences in Middle Eastern political systems. Finally, it sheds light on the role of religious authorities in shaping governmental policies and societal norms, emphasizing the importance of considering religious dynamics in political analyses and decision-making processes.
14
Smith, R. Drew. "Black Religion and Reparations: Pragmatic Trajectories and Widening Support." Religions 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13121169.
Анотація:
This presentation will examine reparations advocacy by a vanguard of African American faith leader proponents, from Bishop Henry McNeil Turner’s late-19th century demands for federal payments toward emigrationism and Black Atlantic linkages, to 21st century Black clergy involvements in national level, local level, and sector-specific reparations policy activism. Attention will be paid to evolving theoretical and operational framings of this reparations advocacy and to variances in levels of American religious and political receptivity to reparations proposals. The conclusion drawn from available evidence here is that reparations advocacy by Black religious leaders has proven more pragmatic than purist, as concerns increasingly have shifted toward maximizing public support and prospects for reparations deliverables.
15
Koralage, Kaushalya, Muhammad Touseef, and Azeema Begam. "The Influence of Religious Beliefs on Political Participation." Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics 1, no. 2 (2022): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.1.2.2.
Анотація:
This study aimed to explore the influence of religious beliefs on political participation, focusing on the various ways in which faith motivates, shapes, and sometimes hinders political engagement among individuals from diverse religious backgrounds. Employing a qualitative research design, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with 23 participants representing a broad range of religious affiliations and political ideologies. The interviews sought to uncover the nuanced relationships between participants' religious beliefs and their political participation. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, with a focus on identifying recurring themes, categories, and concepts that illustrate the intersection of religion and politics in the participants' lives. Five main themes emerged from the analysis: Religious Motivations for Political Participation, Barriers to Political Participation, Influence of Religious Leaders, Community Engagement and Solidarity, and Impact of Religious Beliefs on Policy Preferences. These themes encompassed various categories and concepts, highlighting the multifaceted ways in which religious beliefs influence political actions. Key findings include the role of religious teachings and leaders in guiding political engagement, the impact of faith-based activism and community projects on societal issues, and the ways in which religious convictions shape policy preferences. The study underscores the significant and complex role of religious beliefs in political participation. It reveals that religious motivations for political engagement are deeply intertwined with personal faith, societal influences, and the actions of religious leaders. However, barriers such as perceived political efficacy and discrimination can hinder this engagement. The findings suggest a need for further exploration into the dynamic interplay between faith and politics, particularly in the context of increasing political polarization and evolving religious landscapes.
16
Nolan, Patrick, and Gerhard Lenski. "Technology, Ideology, and Societal Development." Sociological Perspectives 39, no. 1 (March 1996): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389341.
Анотація:
To address the question of whether ideology or technology has been the more powerful force shaping societies and their development, log-linear models are used to assess the association of typologies based on religious beliefs and on subsistence technology with indicators of: (1) community size, (2) political complexity, (3) stratification, (4) marital patterns, and (5) premarital sex norms. Using data derived from Murdock's Ethnographic Atlas, the analysis suggests that, although ideology is significantly associated with a number of important societal variables, the effects of technology are generally more powerful, more widespread, and more robust.
17
Hien, Bui Ngoc. "Factors Affecting the Motivation of Religious Conversion: Evidence in Vietnam." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 7 (May 6, 2024): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/0bnzjp38.
Анотація:
This study investigates the motivations behind religious conversion in Vietnam, focusing on political, historical, personal, psychological, and socioeconomic factors. The research uses a quantitative approach to examine how external socio-political changes, personal life events, and religious influences shape individuals' decisions to convert. It highlights the dynamic responsiveness of religious beliefs to societal shifts and the profound impact of individual experiences on spiritual orientation. The study also explores the role of communal religious aspects and psychological well-being in the conversion process. While revealing the complexity of religious conversion in Vietnam's unique context, the study acknowledges methodological limitations and suggests future research directions, including qualitative analysis and cross-cultural studies. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted nature of religious conversion, emphasizing its individual, societal, and cultural dimensions.
18
رسول, عابد, and سامان سمين. "The Impact of Social Pluralism on the Structures and Functions of the Political System (An analytical study)." Journal for Political and Security Studies 4, no. 7 (June 1, 2021): 49–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31271/jopss.10046.
Анотація:
The issue of societal pluralism has become one of the controversial topics nowadays and the focus of many researchers, particularly since the last decade of the twentieth century. This study aims to clarify one of the dimensions of this topic, which is how societal pluralism affects the political system of countries distinguished by ethnic, national, linguistic, religious or sectarian diversity. Accordingly, the problem of this study revolves around a main question, which is: What is the impact of societal pluralism on the structures and functions of the political system? The study came to the conclusion that societal pluralism represents a major motive of many aspects of political, social, economic and cultural life in countries whose societies are characterized by ethnic, national, linguistic, religious or sectarian diversity, which casts a shadow on how the structures of the political system of those countries are formed and how it performs its functions, especially in developing countries or newly emerging ones, which may suffer as a result of their failure to manage this pluralism from conflicts, turmoil and civil wars that not only threaten the stability of the political system, but also the fate of some of those countries as well. Accordingly, the study was divided into an introduction and three sections: the first section deals with; a theoretical framework for the concepts of societal pluralism and the political system, while the second section deals with; how does societal pluralism affect the formation of the structures of the political system, while the third section deals with; how does societal pluralism affect the performance of the functions of the political system. The study ends with a conclusion that includes the most important conclusions we reached, with a list of the study’s sources.
19
Regan, Daniel, and James A. Beckford. "Cult Controversies: The Societal Responses to the New Religious Movements." Contemporary Sociology 15, no. 4 (July 1986): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069343.
20
Kantor, Maxim. "The Renaissance versus the Avant-Garde." Forum Philosophicum 18, no. 2 (January 5, 2014): 139–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2013.1802.09.
Анотація:
The essay contrasts two recurring phenomena of European culture: renaissance and avant-garde. The author discusses the paradigmatic Renaissance of 15th and 16th centuries and the paradigmatic Avant-Garde of early 20th century from the point of view of a practicing artist, interested in philosophical, social, religious, and political involvements of artists and their creation. The author shows the artistic and social history of 20th century as a struggle between the Avant-Garde and the Renaissance ideals, which, as he points out, found a fertile ground in in the 20 years that followed immediately the Second World War.
21
Vellenga, Sipco. "Religieuze tolerantie op haar retour?" Religie & Samenleving 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54195/rs.12987.
Анотація:
This article analyses the responses to and societal effects of increasing pressure on orthodox religious groups in the public and political debate in the Netherlands. The response to religious criticism by orthodox groups is not necessarily aggressive as research on the way Muslim organizations reacted to the anti-Islam film Fitna (2008) shows. Their calm response can be attributed to the way they framed this film and the support they experienced from the Dutch government. When the pressure on orthodox religious groups will increase, it is likely they will feel threatened. This feeling can contribute to radicalization or segregation. On a societal level restrictions on religion can contribute to for instance the judicial emancipation of women and homosexuals within orthodox religious groups, but at the same time stimulate processes of exclusion and societal polarization. With reference to the relative weak power position of orthodox religious groups in Dutch society, the author suggests an open and (more) relaxed approach to these groups.
22
Habib, Rania. "Introducing the Special Issue: Language Use in the Middle East and North Africa." Languages 9, no. 4 (March 26, 2024): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9040116.
23
Rochford, E. Burke, and James A. Beckford. "Cult Controversies: The Societal Response to the New Religious Movements." Social Forces 65, no. 3 (March 1987): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2578544.
24
Kim, Andrew Eungi. "Religious Influences on Personal and Societal Well-being." Social Indicators Research 62/63, no. 1-3 (April 2003): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1022641100109.
25
Golan-Nadir, Niva. "State Management of Unpopular Religious Public Policies in Israel." Israel Studies Review 38, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/isr.2023.380305.
Анотація:
Abstract What strategies do state institutions use to maintain their existing unpopular policies? To what extent are citizens content with these strategies? This article presents a model classifying the various methods state institutions use to manage unpopular policies while keeping these core policies intact. The model demonstrates that state institutions manage unpopular policies by using three strategies, adjusted accordingly to counteract societal discontent: (1) disregard, (2) accommodation of under-the-legislative-threshold alternatives, and (3) partial institutional modification. To test this model, I compare three religion-based policies in Israel: marriage, public transportation on Saturday (the Jewish Sabbath), and kosher food inspection in public institutions. Each policy is an example of the different measures taken by state institutions to mitigate societal discontent without changing the core of the policy.
26
Besecke, Kelly. "Seeing Invisible Religion: Religion as a Societal Conversation about Transcendent Meaning." Sociological Theory 23, no. 2 (June 2005): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2751.2005.00249.x.
Анотація:
Contemporary sociology conceptualizes religion along two dimensions: the institutional and the individual. Lost in this dichotomy is religion's noninstitutional, but collective and public, cultural dimension. As a result, theories of religious modernity, including both sides of the secularization debate, are unable to recognize or evaluate the social power of noninstitutionalized religious communication. This article offers a reconceptualization of religion that highlights its cultural, communicative dimension. Original research on religious talk provides an empirical ground for a theoretical discussion that highlights: (1) the “invisible” nature of religion in modern societies, as theorized by Thomas Luckmann and (2) the social power attributed to communication by contemporary cultural sociologists and cultural theorists. I argue that conceptualizing religion as an evolving societal conversation about transcendent meaning broadens the empirical and theoretical grasp of the religion concept.
27
Lestari, Yayuk. "The MORAL PANIC AND POLITICS OF MORAL – THE ROLE OF AUTHORITIES AND MIDDLE-CLASS IN THE GROWTH OF ISLAMIC POPULISM IN WEST SUMATRA." Jurnal Ranah Komunikasi (JRK) 7, no. 2 (December 28, 2023): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/rk.7.2.101-111.2023.
Анотація:
This study delves into the nuanced intersection between morality and populism in West Sumatra, specifically examining the emergence of Islamic populism post-Reform. In contrast to prevailing studies that predominantly scrutinize economic inequality and immigration within populist discourse, this research delves into the lesser-explored realm of moral and religious dimensions. Through the analysis of three pivotal factors influencing moral and populist politics, the study underscores the influence of local culture in reinforcing Islamic populism, the social bonds tethered to the cultural and religious identity of the Minangkabau ethnic group, and the synchronization of governmental political strategies with societal religious and cultural ethos. This study using a qualitative approach. The data obtained by interviews, observations, and documentations. Findings illuminate the impact of social connections on individual behavior, societal norms, and institutional frameworks, particularly in guiding and shaping moral behavior. Conformity, entrenched in tradition and religion, holds substantial sway in societal evaluations and restraints. The communal societal perspective, prevailing over individualistic notions, serves as a regulatory force in tandem with community values
28
Rita, Alabiad, and Katman Filiz. "RELIGIOUS SECTARIANISM AND ITS IMPACT ON POLITICAL STABILITY IN LEBANON." International Journal of Education and Social Science Research 05, no. 01 (2022): 396–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.37500/ijessr.2022.5132.
Анотація:
Religious sectarianism is reflected in this paper in the formation of societal divisions. People's distinctions and the development of religious concepts are common in all cultures, whether in terms of race, religion, or color, and these disparities exist and will continue till the end of time. Religious sectarianism manifests itself in the formation of societal divisions. People's distinctions and the development of religious concepts are common in all cultures, whether in terms of race, religion, or color, and these disparities exist and will continue till the end of time. Religious sectarianism as reflected in the state's unity and stability as positive state guidance, aiming to preserve the state's unity if there are rational ways and means to deal with and guide them, according to democratic principles that guarantee the protection of different religious communities, or as a dangerous negative path that leads to discrimination and conflict due to the state's inability to contain them, or as a dangerous negative path that leads to discrimination and conflict due to the state's inability to contain them, or as. Lebanon is the best study of a sectarian society par excellence, having been the focus of attention of regional and international powers throughout history, an international war theatre with recurrent and various wars. Sectarianism is not a sign of weakness in the Lebanese political system because of the diversity of sects. This diversity existed prior to the establishment of the state. It has to do with sectarianism's psychological impact on the religious community, which is reflected in how individuals approach other groups or sects. And speculation about the goals and reasons of other groups' social and political activities, as well as the consequent conduct, can only be founded on aggression and rejection of the other, culminating in long-term instability for the latter.
29
Ali, Hina, Sumaira Khalid, Iqra Ashraf, and Naheed Anwar. "Extremism & Terrorism: A Political Issue or An Economic One?" Review of Education, Administration & LAW 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/real.v4i1.124.
Анотація:
Extremism and terrorism have become a serious threat to Pakistan’s security and well-being. Pakistan is situated in an uncomfortable and unfriendly neighborhood and faces an existential challenge from domestic forces of sectional and ethnic militancy and terrorism. These problems started after the 9/11 attacks. The extremists have not only affected the life in tribal areas but have also invaded the well-developed urban cities of Pakistan as well. The lusts for power, religious differences, regional disparities, political instability, illiteracy, foreign involvements, Afghan Jihad of 1975, low socioeconomic indicators, and non-democratic values are a few of the many reasons that have added fuel to the fire of militancy, terrorism, and extremism. More than 75 thousand people in Pakistan have either been killed by terrorist groups or have become a victim of religious militants and extremists. To address these problems Pakistan took a few measures such as the launching of Zarb-e-Azab, amendments to the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, the establishment of NATGRID, creating awareness about religion, revising Madrassa reforms, etc. All these efforts have solved the problem but only to some extent. There is a dire need for more strict measures not only by the Government but also by the civilians. Together, they need to keep working against these evils because they have eaten up the credibility, economic stability, reputation, well-being and peace of the country.
30
Brandner, Tobias. "Basel Mission and Revolutions in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century China: Debating Societal Renewal." Mission Studies 35, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341545.
Анотація:
Abstract This article analyzes how the Basel missionaries interpreted the nineteenth- and twentieth-century revolutionary changes in China. After a short historical overview, it assesses the different aspects and roots of what implicitly constituted the political theology of the Basel Mission. In the body part of the essay it analyzes documents written by missionaries (letters, reports written to the home committee) to understand how the missionaries saw the epochal changes that they witnessed: the Taiping Rebellion in the nineteenth century and the political changes taking place between 1911–1949. A final section considers how timely the past Basel missionaries’ political views are in present-day China and how they are reflected in parts of recent Chinese political theology.
31
Einstein, Mara. "The Evolution of Religious Branding." Social Compass 58, no. 3 (September 2011): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037768611412138.
Анотація:
Religious marketing has risen substantially over the past two decades due to a confluence of societal changes, notably the freedom to determine one’s faith and the ubiquity of mass media with its concomitant advertising. Specifically, branding—a marketing tool whereby a product is given an identity beyond its physical attributes or services—is now being employed by an increasing number of Churches. Two recent branding campaigns—one by the Church of Scientology, the other by the United Methodist Church—provide case studies of how Churches are becoming increasingly sophisticated in their use of marketing. Beyond simply promoting their products, these campaigns use branding to solve multiple marketing issues, from improving a sagging public reputation to re-positioning traditional denominations.
32
Adel, Samiullah, and Muhammad Numan. "Online Fatwas in Pakistan using Social Networking Platforms." Ulumuna 27, no. 1 (June 17, 2023): 201–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v27i1.689.
Анотація:
In the era of digital communications, religious dialogues have experienced significant transformations, notably with the rise of online fatwas via social media platforms. The spread of these digital religious verdicts has broadened the dissemination of information and public engagement while challenging traditional boundaries of freedom of speech. This research, grounded in the context of Pakistan, explores the implications and effectiveness of online fatwas. Through a qualitative approach, this study examines various social media platforms widely used in Pakistan to deliver online fatwas. The findings of this study suggest that these platforms have democratized religious discourse, shifting it from physical, sacred spaces such as mosques to the digital sphere. Furthermore, these platforms significantly influence individual beliefs, societal norms, and behaviors, thereby contributing to shifts in socio-political structures. Given the powerful influence of these platforms, the need for vigilant scrutiny and regulation is underscored. This study, therefore, offers critical insights into the digital transformation of religious practices and its vast implications for societal structures and individual behaviors. The conclusions drawn from this research could guide the management and dissemination of online fatwas, ensuring a balanced and beneficial societal impact.
33
Ahmad, Aftab. "The Dilemma of Free Speech: Confrontations and Restrictions in Pakistan." Journal of Social Sciences Review 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v4i1.399.
Анотація:
In Pakistan, the pursuit of freedom of expression encounters a complex landscape marked by aspirations for an open society and significant challenges and restrictions. This article explores the multifaceted dilemma of free speech in Pakistan, addressing the tensions between individual liberties, societal norms, political interests, and security concerns. Legal constraints, particularly blasphemy laws and defamation statutes, hinder free expression, while political dynamics, including authoritarian governance and the influence of religious extremism, exacerbate confrontations and restrictions. Journalists face threats and harassment, and the digital sphere is subject to increased censorship. Societal attitudes rooted in religious conservatism, honor culture, and patriarchal structures perpetuate self-censorship and conformity. Despite these challenges, voices of resistance persist, including civil society organizations and human rights activists advocating for pluralism and accountability. The research aims to analyze the legal, political, social, and cultural factors shaping the dilemma of free speech in Pakistan, highlighting the need to address root causes, foster dialogue, and promote tolerance for progress towards a more open and inclusive society.
34
LUTSENKO, D. "Property expectations in the Anglo-Saxon legal system." INFORMATION AND LAW, no. 2(49) (June 12, 2024): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37750/2616-6798.2024.2(49).306295.
Анотація:
This article examines the concept of proprietary expectations in the context of the Anglo-Saxon legal system. It analyzes the nature and significance of property expectations for individuals and companies operating in this legal system. Research focuses on how property expectations affect legal relationships, including contractual obligations, property, and other aspects of civil law. Understanding this concept is important for the effective functioning of the legal system and ensuring justice in society. The Anglo-Saxon legal system, emerging in England before the Norman Conquest of 1066, provides a fascinating study of early medieval property law. This legal framework was characterized by its integration of customary practices, local judicial decisions, and evolving notions of land tenure and ownership. The period saw the development of property expectations rooted in both communal obligations and individual rights, laying foundational principles that would influence English common law.The Anglo-Saxon period (circa 410-1066 AD) was marked by a transition from Roman to Germanic influences, profoundly affecting legal conceptions of property. Land was the primary source of wealth and power, and its control was crucial for maintaining social and political structures. Early Anglo-Saxon laws, as recorded in various legal codes such as those of King Æthelberht, King Ine, and King Alfred, reflect a blend of tribal customs and practical needs of agrarian communities. Property was primarily communal, with the king or local lords acting as custodians of land. The concept of “bookland” (land granted by charter) versus “olkland” (land held by customary right) illustrates the dual nature of property rights, blending formal grants with traditional usage. Inheritance laws were pivotal in ensuring the continuity of landholding families. Male primogeniture was not strictly followed; instead, property could be divided among sons, and even daughters could inherit under certain conditions. Wills and charters often provided detailed instructions for the division of land, reflecting both family intentions and societal norms. Disputes over property were common and were resolved through a mix of local assemblies (moots), royal courts, and ecclesiastical adjudication. Witness testimony and oath-taking were critical in establishing claims, underscoring the importance of community reputation and support. The Church played a significant role in property matters, both as a major landowner and as an influencer of legal principles. Monasteries and bishoprics received extensive land grants, often protected by royal charters. The Church’s involvement added a spiritual dimension to property rights, intertwining religious duty with legal obligations. Over the Anglo-Saxon period, there was a gradual shift from collective to more individualistic notions of property. This transition was facilitated by the increasing use of written charters, which provided clearer, legally enforceable records of land transactions. The development of more formalized legal procedures also contributed to this evolution, offering more consistent mechanisms for resolving disputes and enforcing property rights. The property expectations and legal practices of the Anglo-Saxon era laid the groundwork for the feudal system introduced by the Normans. Many principles, such as the importance of written documentation, judicial dispute resolution, and the interplay between royal authority and local customs, persisted and evolved into the common law traditions of England. The Anglo-Saxon legal system’s treatment of property provides invaluable insights into the early development of English law. By balancing communal norms with emerging individual rights, it established enduring principles that would shape the trajectory of property law in medieval England and beyond. Understanding these early legal frameworks helps to appreciate the complexities and continuities in the history of English property law.
35
Lassen, Eva Maria. "Limitations to Freedom of Religion or Belief in Denmark." Religion & Human Rights 15, no. 1-2 (April 23, 2020): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18710328-bja10008.
Анотація:
Abstract The article analyses legislative changes in the area of freedom of religion or belief in Denmark between 2014 and 2018. Recent legislation has placed pressure particularly on religious minorities to limit certain religious manifestations, and it is possible to trace a certain “juridification” of freedom of religion, by which the values underlying freedom of religion according to international standards are not always fully reflected. Additionally, there is a tendency to address societal concerns by means of legal interventions. The article argues that by making increased use of soft law developed by the EU, the Council of Europe and the UN, Danish lawmakers would be able to reach a more comprehensive understanding of freedom of religion or belief as well as include non-legal solutions to societal concerns. It further argues that while Denmark’s national (Lutheran) church possess the majority of constituents, nonetheless its privileged position may paradoxically strengthen freedom of religion for religious minorities.
36
Marshall, Alison R. "Followers of the Dao of the Bible." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 44, no. 2 (April 24, 2015): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429815580782.
Анотація:
Studies of pre-1950s Chinese Canadian Christianity have tended to occlude Chinese perspectives and experiences for a number of reasons, including a lack of sources. Drawing on largely unpublished Chinese and English source materials including scrapbooks, correspondence, reports, membership rosters, marriage, funeral and clergy records, Chinese nationalist registers, diaries, oral histories, photographs and material culture, this article investigates Chinese experiences of Canadian Presbyterian missionary work in Victoria, Cumberland, Calgary, Winnipeg, Toronto and Montreal between 1896 and 1950. By examining the personal archival materials of Ma Seung, Frank Chan and Ernest Mark, and era-specific Chinese political involvements and fieldwork data, this article challenges previous simplistic understandings of the Chinese missionary experience that were based solely on the perspectives of mainstream Christian institutions and society. This article emphasizes the Chinese context and concepts such as the dao, efficacy ( ling), and affect ( renqing, or human sentiments) that guided relationships and faith in early Chinese Canada. It aims to provide a more complicated understanding of why Chinese ministers chose to Christianize fellow Chinese, and why before 1950 many Chinese chose to be nominal Christians and only a small number converted.
37
Schofer, Evan, Francisco O. Ramirez, and John W. Meyer. "The Societal Consequences of Higher Education." Sociology of Education 94, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038040720942912.
Анотація:
The advent of mass schooling played a pivotal role in European societies of the later nineteenth century, transforming rural peasants into national citizens. The late-twentieth-century global expansion of higher education ushered in new transformations, propelling societal rationalization and organizing, and knitting the world into a more integrated society and economy. We address four key dynamics: (1) Higher education sustains the modern professions and contributes to the rationalization of society and state. (2) The supranational and universalistic orientation of higher education provides elites with shared global cultural frames and identities, facilitating globalization. (3) Consequently, tertiary education provides a foundation for major global movements and sociopolitical change around diverse issues, such as human rights and environmental protection as well as potentially contentious religious and cultural solidarities. (4) Higher education contributes to the reorganization of the economy, creating new monetarized activities and facilitating the reconceptualization of activities distant from material production as economic. In short, many features of the contemporary world arise from the growing legions of people steeped in common forms of higher education. Panel regression models of contemporary cross-national longitudinal data examine these relationships. We find higher-education enrollments are associated with key dimensions of rationalization, globalization, societal mobilization, and expansion of the service economy. Central features of modern society, often seen as natural, in fact hinge on the distinctive form of higher education that has become institutionalized worldwide.
38
Pande, Sameer Harshad, and Nidhi h. Sing. "Echoes of T. S. Eliot’s Political Ideas in Contemporary Political Thought." BL College Journal 5, no. 2 (December 2023): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.62106/blc2023v5i2e13.
Анотація:
As a distinguished poet, essayist, and literary critic, T. S. Eliot’s works delve into intricate societal quandaries, cultural decline, and the trials of modern civilization. This research paper endeavours to identify and analyse the core political concepts and philosophical perspectives expounded by Eliot throughout his poetry, essays, and other literary compositions on contemporary political thought. Key areas of investigation encompasses Eliot’s notion of tradition and its impact on individual character and how it resonates with political institutions and governance, influencing stability and continuity; his critical examination of modern society, rapid industrialization, and urbanization, and its alignment or divergence from other political thinkers of his time; the intersection of Eliot’s religious beliefs, particularly his conversion to Anglicanism, with his political views, moral principles, and notions of governance; his perspectives on authority, power structures, and the role of government, exploring the responsibilities vested in those in positions of power; his scepticism towards democratic governance and preference for an elite ruling class, relevant to contemporary debates on democracy and meritocracy; his writings on nationalism and cosmopolitanism, unveiling his views on balancing national identity and global cooperation; his conservative inclinations and cautious approach towards societal change, with implications for present-day political movements and debates on progress. The study reveals profound insights into tradition, religion, authority, and governance, providing valuable perspectives for contemporary political discourse. Eliot’s works continue to resonate as a thought-provoking and influential force in shaping the understanding of politics in the present day.
39
Kıralp, Şevki, and Ahmet Güneyli. "Ousting the Cypriot Ethnarch: President Makarios’ Struggle against the Greek Junta, Cypriot Bishops, and Terrorism." Religions 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12110944.
Анотація:
This study examined the politics and political involvements of the Orthodox Church of Cyprus in the early postcolonial era, with a special focus on the ecclesiastical coup that aimed for the ouster of Archbishop Makarios III, who was also the President of the Republic of Cyprus from 1960 to 1977. The findings indicate that the Greek junta, Greek Cypriot terrorists, and the three bishops of the Orthodox Church of Cyprus joined forces to oust Makarios by forcing him to resign his presidency. These actors were displeased with Makarios because he tolerated Cypriot communism, refused to follow Athens’ manipulations in Cypriot politics, and promoted Cyprus’ independence by abandoning the pro-Enosis (unification of Cyprus with Greece) political line. The Greek junta tried to dictate policies to Makarios and asked him to resign as he refused to obey. Greek Cypriot terrorists engaged in violence to destabilize the island and oust Makarios. The three bishops summoned the Holy Synod and defrocked the Archbishop as he refused to resign his presidency. Importantly, this research came across with strong indicators that the Greek junta tried to utilize religion in trying to oust the Cypriot ethnarch as the three bishops, immediately after the junta’s failure to oust Makarios in 1972, asked him to resign his presidency. While his rivals failed to oust Makarios, at least until 1974, he called for an international synod and defrocked the three bishops. He managed to retain both posts until the end of his life.
40
Glaser, Marina, and Marina Ivleva. "Societal Security and Religion in Post-Colonial Africa." State Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide 40, no. 3 (2022): 136–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-7203-2022-40-3-136-167.
41
Cousins, A. D., and Dani Napton. "Indecorum, compromised authority and the sovereign body politic in “The Fortunes of Nigel” and “The Heart of Mid-Lothian”." Journal of English Studies 16 (December 18, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.3321.
Анотація:
In “The Fortunes of Nigel” (1822) and “The Heart of Mid-Lothian” (1818), Walter Scott’s respective characterizations of both James I and Caroline, George II’s regent, enable him to create the duality of a historically recognizable and deeply qualified representation of the sovereign as natural body and as body politic. He considers how each monarch sought to establish, consolidate and legitimate their respective authorities in the dynamic politico-religious environments they presided over. To do so, Scott positions James’ and Caroline’s monarchical authority as inherently compromised and achieves this using three stratagems. First, he positions them both as either personally or politically indecorous, displaying actions unbefitting sovereignty. Second, he demonstrates how each monarch’s perceived or actual lack of masculinity reduces the authority each wields. Finally, he shows that the justice and social harmony sought by the protagonists of each novel is effected, yet emphasizes that this is not due solely to the monarch’s involvement, but to others better positioned to assist the respective hero and heroine at an individual level (and thus the sovereign at a macrocosmic level) to achieve that lasting form of justice and societal harmony. As such, Scott is able simultaneously to affirm the positive nature of both Stuart and Hanoverian monarchical rule yet maintain a qualified, wary and less than wholehearted appreciation of these two specific monarchs.
42
Ashraf, Tahir, and Bushra Fatima. "Terrorism as a Major Threat to Societal Peace: The Case of Pakistan." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v7i2.1733.
Анотація:
Purpose: The central objective of this research is to look at causes behind the phenomenon of terrorism faced by Pakistan. In the contemporary era, Pakistan is facing and suffering from the destructive and gravest issue of terrorism. It has become a major problem not only for the federation as well as for the citizens of Pakistan. Terrorism has made the Pakistani society, where people do not feel secure, a society that lacks a responsible system. The factors that caused terrorism are societal despotism, economic inconsistency, political uncertainty, religious dogmatism as well as foreign intervention or international stratagem.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Qualitative method has been used in this study. Secondary sources including newspapers and research articles have been used to evaluate reasons as well as the dynamics of the phenomenon of terrorism which has severely damaged social fabric of the Pakistani society.
Findings: The article has evaluated the major causes of multiple societal dimensions of terrorism and found that unsystematic government set-up, non-democratic system, absence of law and order and frustration and collapse of law enforcement organizations, incursion, and ingress of refugees, weaponization as well as talibanization. It has also revealed that role of religious institutions, madrassas and religious sermons delivered on the occasion of daily life religious rituals are major reasons of the extremism prevailing in the Pakistani society.
Implications/Originality/Value: So, it is concluded that the major causes of multiple societal dimensions of terrorism are religious institutions, hate-speeches delivered at different ceremonies of religious and social rituals.
43
Daniels, David D. "Engaging Racial Equity." Pneuma 44, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2022): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700747-bja10078.
Анотація:
Abstract This article explores the contours of an emerging pentecostal political theology of race that is framed by a quest for racial equity and racial justice that is reflected in early Black-led pentecostal interracialism, expressed in the Racial Reconciliation Manifesto, guardrailed by a theology of just-power, and informed potentially by equity as a hermeneutic to reread Scripture. A pentecostal political theology of race, then, could be a discursive construct that can orient the church and society toward racial justice in dismantling systems of racial injustice and erecting new ecclesial and societal structures of racial justice.
44
Axelson, Tomas. "Baghdad in My Shadow (2019): a Political Thriller in a Multireligious Europe." Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture 11, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21659214-bja10063.
Анотація:
Abstract This article presents the Swiss-Iraqi director Samir Jamal Aldin and his thriller Baghdad in My Shadow (2019) and puts it into a context of the re-negotiation of identities in a culturally diverse Europe. The director’s intention is presented as a wish to deal with taboo issues related to gay rights, women’s emancipation, and religious fundamentalism within an Iraqi community in contemporary London. The film is analysed with the help of (1) theories analysing tensions between liberal-secular and religious-fundamentalist standpoints, and (2) theories about film viewers’ engagement, amplifying audiences’ emotions and thoughts about complex societal issues. The film could be said to advocate a standpoint of dynamic secularism promoting individual rights. The article argues, furthermore, that Samir as a Swiss-Iraqi filmmaker encourages thick viewing through his thriller format and invites the audience to a deeper emotional and intellectual understanding of liberal principles, honour culture, and hybrid identity positions in contemporary Europe.
45
Welker, Michael. "Habermas and Ratzinger on the Future of Religion." Scottish Journal of Theology 63, no. 4 (September 3, 2010): 456–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930610000517.
Анотація:
AbstractThe article investigates the encounter between Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger and Jürgen Habermas in Munich 2004. The event was widely regarded as a conversation about the topic ‘The Pre-Political Moral Foundations of a Liberal State’. It was praised as a dialogue between the ‘personification of the Catholic faith’ and ‘the personification of liberal, individual and secular thought’ with far-reaching consequences. A close analysis of the texts, however, shows that Ratzinger and Habermas think in quite incompatible frameworks with very different concerns. They both share a sceptical attitude towards scientific ideology and they both show a remarkable lack of cultural and political realism. Habermas assumes that civil-societal elites will transform moral concerns into political and legal power. Ratzinger hopes for a revival of natural law tradition which would overcome the ‘pathologies of reason’ and political and religious fanaticism.
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Strhan, Anna. "‘I Want There to be no Glass Ceiling:’ Evangelicals’ Engagements with Class, Education, and Urban Childhoods." Sociological Research Online 22, no. 1 (February 2017): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.4259.
Анотація:
While class has been an enduring focus for sociologists of education, there has been little focus on the interrelations between class, religion, and education, despite widespread public anxieties about faith schools potentially encouraging both social class segregation and religious separatism, which have become more pronounced as the expansion of free schools and academies in England has increased opportunities for religious bodies’ engagement in educational provision. This article explores the importance of class in relation to the intersections of religion and education through examining how an ‘open evangelical’ church engages with children in schools linked with it, drawing on eighteen months’ ethnographic fieldwork with the church, its linked schools, and other informal educational activities run by the church. Through analyzing the everyday practices through which evangelical leaders seek to affect children's lives and how they speak about their involvements with children, the article reveals the significance of class in this context, providing insight into how evangelicals’ primary aspiration in this setting is for children's ‘upward mobility’, as their ambitions are shaped through middle-class, entrepreneurial norms, in which developing a neoliberal ethic of individual self-discipline and ‘productivity’ is privileged. Through focusing on the ‘othering’ of the urban poor in these discourses, the article adds to our knowledge of the complex interrelations between evangelicalism and class, and deepens understanding of how secular neoliberal norms become interwoven with an alternative evangelical moral project of forming the self.
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Altaikyzy, Aikerim, and Laura Toktarbekova. "SECULAR AND RELIGIOUS VALUES: EXPERIENCE OF CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES." Al-Farabi 83, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2023.3/1999-5911.08.
Анотація:
This scientific article provides an overview and analysis of various models of interaction between religious and secular values in foreign countries. Three main models are analyzed: secularism, religious state, and mixed approach, based on detailed studies of examples from France, the United Kingdom, and Iran. To gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the role of religious and secular values in the society and culture of different countries, research by scholars such as Olivier Roy, Caroline Fourest, Nathan Olsen, Girayalp Karakuş, Linda Woodhead, and Gavin D’Costa is examined. The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each model allows identifying diverse aspects of their implementation in socio-cultural and political contexts. Based on the comparison of different models and aspects of their implementation, the conclusion is drawn that there is a need to find a unique balance between respecting religious freedoms and ensuring the secular nature of the state for each country in accordance with its specificity and societal needs. An open dialogue, grounded in scientific research, can contribute to effective resolution of conflicts and the creation of optimal conditions for sustainable and harmonious societal development.
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Offutt, Stephen. "The Transnational Location of Two Leading Evangelical Churches in the Global South." Pneuma 32, no. 3 (2010): 390–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007410x531925.
Анотація:
AbstractReligion remains critically important in the Global South even as globalization intensifies. As international political and economic structures evolve, transnational religions shift societal locations within countries. These shifts cause changes within religions themselves, altering patterns of interaction that may in turn have political and economic consequences. By examining Iglesia Josue in El Salvador and Rhema Bible Church in South Africa, this article shows that the current leading Pentecostal churches and actors in developing countries are often located in upper-middle-class neighborhoods. Strong institutional and personal networks that stretch across borders transnationally embed such churches at multiple levels. The transnational orientation of leading churches has important implications for the rest of the in-country Pentecostal community.
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Reisner, Philipp. "Cold War and New Sacred Poetry." JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v1i1.83.
Анотація:
Contrary to what one might expect, many poets who engage with the Cold War adopt not primarily a political but rather a religious voice. Indeed, poets such as Li-Young Lee, Suji Kwock Kim, and Kathleen Ossip examine the Cold War in light of theological questions. Their poems bear witness not to personal suffering inflicted by political and societal circumstances but instead to human resilience bolstered by faith in the face of traumatic experience. Their writings are not best captured by the frequently invoked "Poetry of Witness," understood as witness to injustice, but rather "new sacred poetry": colored by individual experience of trauma, their poetry serves as a vehicle for expressing spiritual and mystical experience. They thereby innovate not only poetry but also contemporary theology. The Cold War becomes the backdrop for the struggle between faith and suffering brought about by political, societal, and personal circumstances.
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Kazansky, Rastislav, and Darko Trifunović. "CONTEXT OF RELIGION SECURITIZATION: CASES OF ARTSAKH AND NORTHERN IRELAND." RELIGION AND AMERICAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS 2020 15, no. 2 (December 10, 2021): 405–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54561/prj1502405k.
Анотація:
Securitization of religion, or consideration of religion within the context of the security sector, has returned to the Slovak and Serbian context in connection with the migration crisis. This paper is mostly theoretical, and the question of religious identity is categorized under the sector of societal security. Unlike other conflicts of identity, religion is polarizing, and religious conflicts feature the destruction of cultural heritage and religious monuments. Religious conflicts can be observed among both believers of different religious groups as well as among different denominations of one particular religion. The last section deals with the particular cases of Artsakh and Northern Ireland. In the former conflict, nationalism and overlapping territorial claims play a key role, but the later conflict can be better understood as a hierarchical ethnic conflict.