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Статті в журналах з теми "Relativistic processe"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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1

Supriadi, Bambang, Singgih Bektiarso, Arita Fajar Damasari, Putri Indah Ramadhani, Trias Rizqi Febrianti, and Lubna Lubna. "RESPON SISWA TERHADAP METODE PYTHAGORAS SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SOAL ENERGI RELATIVISTIK." ORBITA: Jurnal Kajian, Inovasi dan Aplikasi Pendidikan Fisika 8, no. 1 (May 18, 2022): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/orbita.v8i1.8582.

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ABSTRAKTeori relativitas khusus merupakan teori yang dikembangkan Albert Einstein berkaitan kerelativitasan ruang dan waktu. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui respon siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas terhadap penyelesaian soal energi relativistik dengan metode phytagoras. Metode penelitian adalah metode penelitian survei dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jember tahun ajaran 2021/2022 berjumlah 28 orang. Penelitian merupakan penelitian pengembangan dari peneliti sebelumnya. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan sampling jenuh menggunakan angket respon siswa. Angket yang digunakan menggunakan skala likert mengacu pada tiga respon siswa yakni kognitif, afektif dan konatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh pengaruh positif terhadap penyelesaian energi relativitik dengan metode phytagoras dengan presentase dimensi kognitif sebesar 71,11 %, afektif sebesar 69,03 % dan konatif sebesar 70,75 %. Secara keseluruhan siswa memberikan respon sebesar 70,29 % yang termasuk pada kategori kuat. Kata kunci: pembelajaran fisika; metode phytagoras; energi relativistik. ABSTRACTThe special theory of relativity is a theory developed by albert einstein regarding the relativity of space and time. This study aims to determine the response of high school students to solving relativistic energy problems using the Pythagoras method. Phitagoras method is a survey research with 28 students in the class XI MIPA 1 SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jember in the 2021/2022 academic year. This research is a development research from previous researchers. The sampling technique in this research is using saturated sampling using student response questionnaires. The questionnaire used using the Likert scale refers to three student responses, namely cognitive, affective and conative. Based on the results of the study obtained a positive influence on the completion of relativistic energy with the phytagoras method with the percentage of cognitive dimensions of 71.11%, affective of 69.03% and conative of 70.75%. Overall, students gave a response of 70.29% which is included in the strong category. Keywords: physics learning; the Pythagoras method; relativistic energy.

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2

Whelan, Colm T., J. Rasch, H. R. J. Walters, S. Keller, H. Ast, and R. M. Dreizler. "Inner shell (e, 2e) processes." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1996): 804–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-114.

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The great advantage of coincidence measurements is that by suitable choice of the kinematical and geometrical arrangement one may probe delicate physical effects that would be swamped in less differential experiments. The calculation of the triple-differential cross section for the inner shell ionization of high-Z elements at relativistic energies presents a serious challenge to theory. Relativistic effects enter in both the kinematics and the nature of the target, and the large atom exerts a strong distorting influence. We consider such processes in a range of geometries and kinematics. We report the results of fully relativistic distorted wave calculations. Results are presented for silver, gold, and uranium targets and suggestions for further experimental arrangements proposed where delicate relativistic effects should be readily detectable.

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3

CHEVALIER, C., and F. DEBBASCH. "A UNIFYING APPROACH TO RELATIVISTIC DIFFUSIONS AND H-THEOREMS." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 06 (March 10, 2008): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908014845.

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A new, wide class of relativistic stochastic processes is introduced. All relativistic processes considered so far in the literature (the Relativistic Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Process as well as the Franchi–Le Jan and the Dunkel–Hänggi processes) are members of this class. The stochastic equations of motion and the associated forward Kolmogorov equations are obtained for each process in the class. The corresponding manifestly covariant transport equation is also obtained. In particular, the manifestly covariant equations for the Franchi–Le Jan and the Dunkel–Hänggi processes are derived here for the first time. Finally, the manifestly covariant approach is used to prove a new H-theorem for all processes in the class.

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4

Nakel, W. "Relativistic (e,2e) processes." Physics Reports 315, no. 6 (July 1, 1999): 409–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-1573(98)00129-x.

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5

REIMER, ANITA. "HADRON-INITIATED EMISSION PROCESSES IN BLAZAR JETS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 10 (October 2009): 1511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827180901559x.

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Despite many advances in AGN physics, observationally as well as theoretically, the relativistic matter composition of extragalactic jets remains concealed. In contrast to the so called leptonic AGN emission models, hadronic models consider relativistic protons to be present in those sources, in addition to the relativistic electrons and positrons, and possibly cold material. Here I briefly discuss most processes that are commonly believed to characterize the so-called hadronic AGN emission models, and these include leptonic as well as hadronic processes. As an application predictions for the neutrino output during the TeV-flare of 3C 279 in 2006 are provided.

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6

Vyas, Ashish, Ram Kishor Singh, and R. P. Sharma. "Study of coexisting stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering at relativistic laser power." Laser and Particle Beams 32, no. 4 (October 27, 2014): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034614000688.

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AbstractThis paper presents a model to study the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) simultaneously at relativistic laser power. At high intensity, the relativistic mass correction for the plasma electrons becomes significant and the plasma refractive index gets modified which leads to the relativistic self-focusing of the pump beam. This filamentation process affects the scattering processes (SRS and SBS) and at the same time the pump filamentation process also gets modified in the presence of the coexisting SRS and SBS due to the pump depletion. We have also demonstrated that the pump depletion and relativistic filamentation affects the back-reflectivity of scattered beams (SRS and SBS) significantly, for the coexistence case.

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7

VILA, GABRIELA S. "RADIATIVE PROCESSES IN JETS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 06 (June 2010): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271810016841.

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Relativistic jets and collimated outflows are ubiquitous phenomena in astrophysical settings, from young stellar objects up to Active Galactic Nuclei. The observed emission from some of these jets can cover the whole electromagnetic spectrum, from radio to gamma-rays. The relevant features of the spectral energy distributions depend on the nature of the source and on the characteristics of the surrounding environment. Here the author reviews the main physical processes that command the interactions between populations of relativistic particles locally accelerated in the jets, with matter, radiation and magnetic fields. Special attention is given to the conditions that lead to the dominance of the different radiative mechanisms. Examples from various types of sources are used to illustrate these effects.

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8

Enßlin, Torsten A., and Christoph Pfrommer. "Particle acceleration processes in the cosmic large-scale structure." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, no. 14 (August 2006): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307011040.

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AbstractThe energetic shock waves associated with the violent large-scale structure formation process are able to accelerate relativistic electrons and protons. The induced non-thermal emission, especially at long radio wavelength, provides a fascinating perspective into structure formation, the relativistic Universe, and cosmic magnetic fields.

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9

Hsiao, Ju-Tang, Hsiao-Ling Sun, Sheng-Fang Lin, and Keh-Ning Huang. "Photoionization Processes of the Single-Ionized Boron." Journal of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 2011 (March 13, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/452026.

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The relativistic calculations of the cross-section σ, the angular-distribution parameter β, and spin-polarization parameters {ξ,η,ζ} of photoelectrons using the multiconfiguration relativistic random-phase approximation theory for the photoionization of the B+ ion are presented. Precise energies and widths of all five Rydberg series of doublyexcited states (2pns)1P1o, (2pns)3P1o, (2pnd)1P1o, (2pnd)3P1o, and (2pnd)3D1o are determined. Our predictions are in very close agreement with experiments and are consistent with other calculations.

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10

TSUPKO, OLEG YU. "MAGNETO-PLASMA PROCESSES IN RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS: MODERN DEVELOPMENTS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 22, no. 07 (June 2013): 1330016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271813300164.

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This contribution is a review of some talks presented at the session "Magneto-Plasma Processes in Relativistic Astrophysics" of the Thirteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting MG13. We discuss the modern developments of relativistic astrophysics, connected with presence of plasma and magnetic fields. The influence of magneto-plasma processes on the structure of the compact objects and accretion processes is considered. We also discuss a crucial role of magnetic field for the mechanism of core-collapse supernova explosions. Gravitational lensing in plasma is also considered.

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11

Fasshauer, Elke, Přemysl Kolorenč, and Markus Pernpointner. "Relativistic decay widths of autoionization processes: The relativistic FanoADC-Stieltjes method." Journal of Chemical Physics 142, no. 14 (April 14, 2015): 144106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4917255.

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12

Tong, Xiao-Min, Lei Liu, and Jia-Ming Li. "Relativistic effect of atomic radiative processes." Physical Review A 49, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 4641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.49.4641.

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13

Bulanov, S. V. "Fundamental processes in relativistic laser plasmas." European Physical Journal Special Topics 175, no. 1 (August 2009): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2009-01136-1.

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14

Park, Hyunchul, and Renming Song. "Trace Estimates for Relativistic Stable Processes." Potential Analysis 41, no. 4 (June 14, 2014): 1273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11118-014-9423-8.

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15

Rubin, Jacques L. "Relativistic Localizing Processes Bespeak an Inevitable Projective Geometry of Spacetime." Advances in High Energy Physics 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9672417.

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Surprisingly, the issue of events localization in spacetime is poorly understood and a fortiori realized even in the context of Einstein’s relativity. Accordingly, a comparison between observational data and theoretical expectations might then be strongly compromised. In the present paper, we give the principles of relativistic localizing systems so as to bypass this issue. Such systems will allow locating users endowed with receivers and, in addition, localizing any spacetime event. These localizing systems are made up of relativistic autolocating positioning subsystems supplemented by an extra satellite. They indicate that spacetime must be supplied everywhere with an unexpected local four-dimensional projective structure besides the well-known three-dimensional relativistic projective one. As a result, the spacetime manifold can be seen as a generalized Cartan space modeled on a four-dimensional real projective space, that is, a spacetime with both a local four-dimensional projective structure and a compatible (pseudo-)Riemannian structure. Localization protocols are presented in detail, while possible applications to astrophysics are also considered.

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16

Baur, G. "Electromagnetic Processes in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions." Physica Scripta T32 (January 1, 1990): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1990/t32/013.

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17

Bradnova, V., M. M. Chernyavsky, A. Sh Gaitinov, L. A. Goncharova, L. Just, S. P. Kharlamov, A. D. Kovalenko, et al. "Nuclear clustering in processes of relativistic multifragmentation." Nuclear Physics A 734 (April 2004): E92—E95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.03.028.

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18

Bertulani, Carlos A., and Gerhard Baur. "Electromagnetic processes in relativistic heavy ion collisions." Physics Reports 163, no. 5-6 (June 1988): 299–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(88)90142-1.

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19

Barreto, Willians, Luis Herrera, and N. O. Santos. "Diffusion processes in general relativistic radiating spheres." Astrophysical Journal 344 (September 1989): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/167786.

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20

Bertulani, C. A., and G. Baur. "Electromagnetic processes in relativistic heavy ion collisions." Nuclear Physics A 458, no. 4 (October 1986): 725–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(86)90197-1.

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21

Roth, Ilan. "Bootstrap energization of relativistic electrons in magnetized plasmas." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S257 (September 2008): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130902969x.

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AbstractIn situ and remote observations indicate that relativistic or ultra relativistic electrons are formed at various magnetized configurations. It is suggested that a specific bootstrap mechanism operates in some of these environments. The mechanism applies to (a) relativistic electrons observed on localized field lines in outer radiation belt - through a process initiated at a distant substorm injection; (b) relativistic electrons observed at the interplanetary medium - through a process initiated via coronal injection, at large distances from flares or propagating CME; (c) ultra-relativistic electrons deduced at the galactic jets - through a process initiated via local injection at the small-scale magnetic field. The injected nonisotropic electrons excite whistler waves which boost efficiently the tail of the electron distribution.

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22

Mizuno, Yosuke. "GRMHD Simulations and Modeling for Jet Formation and Acceleration Region in AGNs." Universe 8, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8020085.

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Relativistic jets are collimated plasma outflows with relativistic speeds. Astrophysical objects involving relativistic jets are a system comprising a compact object such as a black hole, surrounded by rotating accretion flows, with the relativistic jets produced near the central compact object. The most accepted models explaining the origin of relativistic jets involve magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes. Over the past few decades, many general relativistic MHD (GRMHD) codes have been developed and applied to model relativistic jet formation in various conditions. This short review provides an overview of the recent progress of GRMHD simulations in generating relativistic jets and their modeling for observations.

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23

Bosch-Ramon, Valentí. "Nonthermal processes in microquasars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S275 (September 2010): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310016066.

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AbstractMicroquasars are X-ray binaries that show extended radio jets. These jets can accelerate particles up to relativistic energies that produce non-thermal emission from radio to TeV, and could also make a non-negligible contribution to the galactic CRs in some energy ranges. The orbital motion and compactness of these sources allow the study of high-energy astrophysical phenomena in extreme conditions that change in accessible timescales. In this work, I briefly discuss the production of broadband non-thermal emission in microquasars, putting special emphasis on the high- and the very high-energy bands.

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24

NITTA, HIDEO. "DIFFRACTED CHANNELING RADIATION AND OTHER COMPOUND RADIATION PROCESSES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, supp01 (June 2010): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10049979.

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Radiations from a crystal irradiated with relativistic charged particles are reviewed with the emphasis on their fundamental processes. As their "compound processes" diffraction of both channeling radiation and coherent bremsstrahlung are considered. Coherent polarization radiation from neutral particles with magnetic moment is discussed within the framework of classical electrodynamics.

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25

Botvina, Alexander, and Marcus Bleicher. "Processes of hypernuclei formation in relativistic ion collisions." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 13001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817113001.

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The study of hypernuclei in relativistic ion collisions open new opportunities for nuclear and particle physics. The main processes leading to the production of hypernuclei in these reactions are the disintegration of large excited hyper-residues (target- and projectile-like), and the coalescence of hyperons with other baryons into light clusters. We use the transport, coalescence and statistical models to describe the whole reaction, and demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach: These reactions lead to the abundant production of multi-strange nuclei and new hypernuclear states. A broad distribution of predicted hypernuclei in masses and isospin allows for investigating properties of exotic hypernuclei, as well as the hypermatter both at high and low temperatures. There is a saturation of the hypernuclei production at high energies, therefore, the optimal way to pursue this experimental research is to use the accelerator facilities of intermediate energies, like FAIR (Darmstadt) and NICA (Dubna).

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26

Bonfert, J., H. Graf, and W. Nakel. "Relativistic (e,2e) processes on atomic inner shells." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 24, no. 6 (March 28, 1991): 1423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/24/6/026.

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27

Sümmerer, K., J. Reinhold, M. Fauerbach, J. Friese, H. Geissel, H. J. Körner, G. Münzenberg, R. Schneider, and K. Zeitelhack. "Charge-pickup processes in relativistic heavy-ion reactions." Physical Review C 52, no. 2 (August 1, 1995): 1106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.52.1106.

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28

Di Prisco, A., N. Falcón, L. Herrera, M. Esculpi, and N. O. Santos. "Pre-relaxation Processes in a Radiating Relativistic Sphere." General Relativity and Gravitation 29, no. 11 (November 1997): 1391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1018882029178.

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29

Davydov, S. V., V. N. Pavlenko, L. Stenflo, and J. Weiland. "Nonstationary parametric processes in a relativistic plasma beam." Physica Scripta 45, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/45/3/009.

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30

Izquierdo, E. D., G. Barenboim, and A. O. Gattone. "Relativistic two-body processes in axial-charge transitions." Nuclear Physics A 609, no. 4 (November 1996): 437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(96)00276-x.

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31

Kropotkin, A. P. "Relativistic electron transport processes associated with magnetospheric substorms." Radiation Measurements 26, no. 3 (May 1996): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-4487(96)00009-1.

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32

Leinson, L. B., and A. Pérez. "Relativistic direct Urca processes in cooling neutron stars." Physics Letters B 518, no. 1-2 (October 2001): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(01)01042-5.

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33

Giona, M. "Relativistic Poisson-Kac processes and equilibrium Jüttner distribution." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 126, no. 5 (July 4, 2019): 50001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/126/50001.

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34

Belmont, R., J. Malzac, and A. Marcowith. "Simulating radiation and kinetic processes in relativistic plasmas." Astronomy & Astrophysics 491, no. 2 (October 1, 2008): 617–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200809982.

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35

Bañuelos, Rodrigo, Jebessa B. Mijena, and Erkan Nane. "Two-term trace estimates for relativistic stable processes." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 410, no. 2 (February 2014): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2013.09.015.

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36

Grigelionis, B. "On stochastic processes associated with relativistic stable distributions." Lithuanian Mathematical Journal 48, no. 1 (January 2008): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10986-008-0006-5.

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37

Tsudik, A. V., and A. V. Glushkov. "SPECTROSCOPY AND DYNAMICS OF NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN RELATIVISTIC BACKWARD-WAVE TUBE WITH ACCOUNTING FOR EFFECTS OF SPACE CHARGE, DISSIPATION AND WAVE REFLECTIONS." Photoelectronics, no. 30 (August 21, 2022): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/0235-2435.2021.30.262863.

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An effective universal, approach to solving the problems of quantitative modelling and analysis of the fundamental characteristics of spectroscopy and dynamics of the nonlinear processes in relativistic microwave electronics devices, in particular, a relativistic backward wave tube (RBWT) has been developed and implemented. It has been performed modelling, analysis, and prediction of chaotic dynamics of RBWT with simultaneous consideration of not only relativistic effects, but also the effects of dissipation, presence of space charge, wave reflections at the ends of the decelerating system, etc in a wide range of changes at different values of control parameters, which are characteristic for the distributed relativistic electron-wave self-oscillating systems. From physical viewpoint the transition to chaos in the dynamics of the studied RBWT occurs according to the scenario everywhere in the sequence of period-doubling bifurcations, but with the growth of relativism, the dynamics become fundamentally complicated with the alternation of quasi-harmonic and chaotic regimes (including the appearance of the "beak" effect on the bifurcation diagram) and the transition everywhere intermittency to the high-D attractor.

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38

MAHDAVI, M., and B. KALEJI. "DEGENERACY EFFECT ON THE COMPTON SCATTERING POWER." Modern Physics Letters A 26, no. 17 (June 7, 2011): 1273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311035742.

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The Compton scattering is one of the loss processes in fusion media. In this paper the Compton cross-section is calculated in three limits of temperature, non-relativistic, relativistic and ultra-relativistic temperatures. By considering the electron distribution function for all the temperature limits, we found the power of Compton scattering in degenerate media. These results show that the Compton scattering power increases with decreasing electron temperature. So, in degenerate conditions, the Compton loss processes decrease in fusion media.

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39

Dattoli, Giuseppe, Emanuele Di Palma, Silvia Licciardi, and Elio Sabia. "Generalized Bessel Functions and Their Use in Bremsstrahlung and Multi-Photon Processes." Symmetry 13, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020159.

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The theory of Generalized Bessel Functions is reviewed and their application to various problems in the study of electro-magnetic processes is presented. We consider the cases of emission of bremsstrahlung radiation by ultra-relativistic electrons in linearly polarized undulators, including also exotic configurations, aimed at enhancing the harmonic content of the emitted radiation. The analysis is eventually extended to the generalization of the FEL pendulum equation to treat Free Electron Laser operating with multi-harmonic undulators. The paper aims at picking out those elements supporting the usefulness of the Generalized Bessel Functions in the elaboration of the theory underlying the study of the spectral properties of the bremsstrahlung radiation emitted by relativistic charges, along with the relevant flexibility in accounting for a large variety of apparently uncorrelated phenomenolgies, like multi-photon processes, including non linear Compton scattering.

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40

FEDOROVA, T. A., A. V. KOROL, and I. A. SOLOVJEV. "RELATIVISTIC CALCULATION OF THE TWO-PHOTON BREMSSTRAHLUNG PROCESS." Surface Review and Letters 09, no. 02 (April 2002): 1185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x02003494.

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We present analytical and numerical results on the relativistic calculation of the two-photon bremsstrahlung process. For the approximate calculation of relativistic free–free two-photon matrix elements in the central field, we applied the method based on the accurate treatment of the diagonal singularities in the relativistic free–free single-photon matrix elements. Numerical calculations are carried out with the Furry–Sommerfeld–Maue wave functions. The obtained results are compared with the results of the relativistic Born approximation.

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41

Vereshchagin, Gregory, and Mikalai Prakapenia. "Kinetics of Degenerate Electron–Positron Plasmas." Universe 8, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8090473.

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Relativistic plasma can be formed in strong electromagnetic or gravitational fields. Such conditions exist in compact astrophysical objects, such as white dwarfs and neutron stars, as well as in accretion discs around neutron stars and black holes. Relativistic plasma may also be produced in the laboratory during interactions of ultra-intense lasers with solid targets or laser beams between themselves. The process of thermalization in relativistic plasma can be affected by quantum degeneracy, as reaction rates are either suppressed by Pauli blocking or intensified by Bose enhancement. In addition, specific quantum phenomena, such as Bose–Einstein condensation, may occur in such a plasma. In this review, the process of plasma thermalization is discussed and illustrated with several examples. The conditions for quantum condensation of photons are formulated. Similarly, the conditions for thermalization delay due to the quantum degeneracy of fermions are analyzed. Finally, the process of formation of such relativistic plasma originating from an overcritical electric field is discussed. All these results are relevant for relativistic astrophysics as well as for laboratory experiments with ultra-intense lasers.

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42

Gonzalez, Cristiani Pereira de Morais, and Maria Creusa de Araújo Borges. "Repensando a educação em direitos humanos a partir das teorias universalistas, relativistas e confluentes." Revista Interdisciplinar de Direitos Humanos 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5016/ridh.v9i1.46.

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Considerando a relevância da fundamentação dos direitos humanos e a inter-relação que há entre estes e a Educação em Direitos Humanos (EDH), constituem objeto de estudo as concepções de direitos humanos e de EDH formuladas à luz das teorias universalistas, relativistas e confluentes (ou convergentes) que tensionam o campo da pesquisa nessa matéria de cunho eminentemente interdisciplinar. Parte-se do pressuposto que essas abordagens são constitutivas do campo da EDH, tensionando as concepções, modelos e metodologias inerentes a esse campo. As teorias que fundamentam os direitos humanos (dizendo o que eles são) ocasionam implicações na fundamentação da segunda (no que se entende por EDH, suas concepções e modelos). A abordagem metodológica é de cunho eminentemente bibliográfico, pautada nos procedimentos histórico e comparativo. Ao final, sustenta-se, como adequada ao contexto atual, a concepção de EDH que é fundada nas teorias convergentes, quer dizer, uma EDH que constitui um processo formativo com fundamento na complexidade dos direitos humanos, e que tensiona fornecer condições aos sujeitos para que lutem por sua (ou de outrem) dignidade humana. Replanteamiento de la educación en derechos humanos desde las teorías universalista, relativista y confluente Considerando la relevancia de la fundamentación de los derechos humanos y la interrelación que existe entre éstos y la Educación en Derechos Humanos (EDH), el objeto de estudio son las concepciones de los derechos humanos y la EDH formuladas a la luz de las teorías universalistas, relativistas y confluentes (o convergentes) que tensionan el campo de investigación en esta materia eminentemente interdisciplinaria. Se asume que estos enfoques son constitutivos del campo del EDH, tensando las concepciones, modelos y metodologías inherentes a este campo. Las teorías que fundamentan los derechos humanos (diciendo lo que son) tienen implicaciones en la fundamentación de estos últimos (en lo que se entiende por EDH, sus concepciones y modelos). El enfoque metodológico es eminentemente bibliográfico, basado en procedimientos históricos y comparativos. En definitiva, se sostiene, como adecuado al contexto actual, el concepto de EDH que se fundamenta en las teorías convergentes, es decir, una EDH que constituye un proceso formativo basado en la complejidad de los derechos humanos, y que se esfuerza por proporcionar las condiciones para que los sujetos luchen por su dignidad humana (o la de otros). Palabras clave: Educación en derechos humanos. Teorías de los derechos humanos. La dignidad humana. Rethinking on human rights education from universalist, relativist and confluent theories Considering the relevance of the foundation of human rights and the interrelationship that exists between these and Human Rights Education (HRE), the object of study is the conceptions of human rights and HRE formulated in the light of universalist, relativist and confluent (or convergent) theories that tension the field of research in this eminently interdisciplinary subject. It is assumed that these approaches are constitutive of the field of HRE, straining the conceptions, models and methodologies inherent to this field. The theories that ground human rights (saying what they are) have implications for the grounding of the latter (on what is meant by HRE, its conceptions and models). The methodological approach is eminently bibliographical in nature, based on historical and comparative procedures. At the end, it is sustained, as appropriate to the current context, the concept of HRE that is founded on converging theories, that is, an HRE that constitutes a formative process based on the complexity of human rights, and that strives to provide conditions for subjects to fight for their (or others’) human dignity. Keywords: Human rights education. Theories of human rights. Human dignity.

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43

Ganse, Urs, Felix Spanier, and Rami Vainio. "Kinetic Simulations of Type II Radio Burst Emission Processes." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S274 (September 2010): 470–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311007526.

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AbstractUsing a fully relativistic, 3D particle in cell code we have studied Langmuir- and electromagnetic wave processes in a CME foreshock plasma with counterstreaming electron beams. Langmuir wave excitation in resonance with the plasma frequency is observed, with timescales in accordance with theoretical predictions. However, no three wave interaction leading to emission of electromagnetic waves were detectable within the timeframe of our simulations.

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44

Giona, Massimiliano. "Covariance and Spinorial Statistical Description of Simple Relativistic Stochastic Kinematics." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 19, no. 04 (July 17, 2020): 2050042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021947752050042x.

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It is shown that Generalized Poisson–Kac processes are closed with respect to Lorentz transformations, providing a class of covariant kinematic processes. The transformation properties of the associated partial probability densities (waves) display spinorial character in a probability space, and their spinorial character is intrinsically related to the parametrization of the internal degrees of freedom of the process. Parity function analysis associated with the bias induced in the partial-wave recombination process by a Lorentz boost, indicates a symmetry breaking in the recombination dynamics. In an inertial reference frame moving with constant velocity [Formula: see text] with respect to the rest frame of the process, stochastic fluctuations are progressively damped out till complete suppression in the limit for [Formula: see text].

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45

GUPTA, RAJ K., SHAM K. ARUN, DALIP SINGH, RAJ KUMAR, NIYTI, S. K. PATRA, P. ARUMUGAM, and B. K. SHARMA. "CLUSTERS IN LIGHT, HEAVY, SUPER-HEAVY AND SUPER-SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI." International Journal of Modern Physics E 17, no. 10 (November 2008): 2244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301308011422.

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Clustering phenomenon in nuclei is studied within the relativistic as well as non-relativistic mean field approaches, and also as a collective clusterization process in the decaying hot compound nucleus.

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46

Потапов, Александр, and Alexander Potapov. "Relativistic electrons of the outer radiation belt and methods of their forecast (review)." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 3, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_58f9703837c248.84596315.

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The paper reviews studies of the dynamics of relativistic electrons in the geosynchronous region. It lists the physical processes that lead to the acceleration of electrons filling the outer radiation belt. As one of the space weather factors, high-energy electron fluxes pose a serious threat to the operation of satellite equipment in one of the most populated orbital regions. Necessity is emphasized for efforts to develop methods of forecasting the situation in this part of the magneto-sphere, possible predictors are listed, and their classifi-cation is given. An example of a predictive model for forecasting relativistic electron flux with a lead time of 1–2 days is proposed. Some questions of practical or-ganization of prediction are discussed; the main objec-tives of short-term, medium-term, and long-term fore-casts are listed.

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47

Mücke, A., J. P. Rachen, Ralph Engel, R. J. Protheroe, and Todor Stanev. "Photohadronic Processes in Astrophysical Environments." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 16, no. 2 (1999): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as99160.

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AbstractWe discuss the first applications of our newly developed Monte Carlo event generator SOPHIA to multiparticle photoproduction of relativistic protons with thermal and power-law radiation fields. The measured total cross section is reproduced in terms of excitation and decay of baryon resonances, direct pion production, diffractive scattering, and non-diffractive multiparticle production. Non-diffractive multiparticle production is described using a string fragmentation model. We demonstrate that the widely used ‘Δ-approximation’ for the photoproduction cross section is reasonable only for a restricted set of astrophysical applications. The relevance of this result for cosmic ray propagation through the microwave background and hadronic models of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts is briefly discussed.

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48

Bret, A., M. E. Dieckmann, and L. Gremillet. "Recent progresses in relativistic beam-plasma instability theory." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 11 (November 24, 2010): 2127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-2127-2010.

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Abstract. Beam-plasma instabilities are a key physical process in many astrophysical phenomena. Within the fireball model of Gamma ray bursts, they first mediate a relativistic collisionless shock before they produce upstream the turbulence needed for the Fermi acceleration process. While non-relativistic systems are usually governed by flow-aligned unstable modes, relativistic ones are likely to be dominated by normally or even obliquely propagating waves. After reviewing the basis of the theory, results related to the relativistic kinetic regime of the poorly-known oblique unstable modes will be presented. Relevant systems besides the well-known electron beam-plasma interaction are presented, and it is shown how the concept of modes hierarchy yields a criterion to assess the proton to electron mass ratio in Particle in cell simulations.

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49

Chang, Tu-Nan, Te-Kuei Fang, Chensheng Wu, and Xiang Gao. "Atomic Processes, Including Photoabsorption, Subject to Outside Charge-Neutral Plasma." Atoms 10, no. 1 (January 29, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms10010016.

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We present in this review our recent theoretical studies on atomic processes subject to the plasma environment including the α and β emissions and the ground state photoabsorption of the one- and two-electron atoms and ions. By carefully examining the spatial and temporal criteria of the Debye–Hückel (DH) approximation based on the classical Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics, we were able to represent the plasma effect with a Debye–Hückel screening potential VDH in terms of the Debye length D, which is linked to the ratio between the plasma density N and its temperature kT. Our theoretical data generated with VDH from the detailed non-relativistic and relativistic multiconfiguration atomic structure calculations compare well with the limited measured results from the most recent experiments. Starting from the quasi-hydrogenic picture, we were able to show qualitatively that the energy shifts of the emission lines could be expressed in terms of a general expression as a function of a modified parameter, i.e., the reduced Debye length λ. The close agreement between theory and experiment from our study may help to facilitate the plasma diagnostics to determine the electron density and the temperature of the outside plasma.

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50

Chen, Hui, and Frederico Fiuza. "Perspectives on relativistic electron–positron pair plasma experiments of astrophysical relevance using high-power lasers." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 2 (February 2023): 020601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0134819.

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The study of relativistic electron–positron pair plasmas is both of fundamental physics interest and important to understand the processes that shape the magnetic field dynamics, particle acceleration, and radiation emission in high-energy astrophysical environments. Although it is highly desirable to study relativistic pair plasmas in the laboratory, their generation and control constitutes a critical challenge. Significant experimental and theoretical progress has been made over recent years to explore the use of intense lasers to produce dense relativistic pair plasma in the laboratory and study the basic collective plasma processes associated with these systems. Important challenges remain in terms of improving the number of pairs, system size, and control over the charge neutrality required to establish laboratory platforms that can expand our understanding of relativistic pair plasma and help validate underlying models in conditions relevant to high-energy astrophysical phenomena. We highlight recent progress in this field, discuss the main challenges, and the exciting prospects for studying relativistic pair plasmas and astrophysics relevant instabilities in the laboratory in the near future.

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