Дисертації з теми "Relationships to school, schooling category"

Le phénomène des difficultés de scolarisation d’élèves nommés depuis 2012 “enfants issus de familles itinérantes et de voyageurs” (EFIV) par le Ministère de l’Éducation nationale conduit à interroger une catégorie publique, les politiques et les dispositifs les concernants. La recherche présentée est une analyse à l’échelle d'un département où a été menée une politique de scolarisation de ce public pendant plus de dix ans. En interrogeant des catégories des recherches qui ont servi par le passé à analyser la non-scolarisation des enfants “du voyage” ou de “Tsiganes”, l’analyse déconstruit les explications anthropologiques de résistance à l’écrit, à l’objectivation et aux savoirs scolaires. S’appuyant sur une enquête qualitative principalement par entretiens auprès de collégiens et de parents, l’analyse met également en évidence que les situations des élèves ne se réduisent aux seules pratiques familiales ; mais intègrent également les rôles différenciés des élèves, en relation avec la diversité de leurs rapports à l’école, aux savoirs et à l’avenir ; et le rôle des institutions scolaires elles-mêmes. Puisque des élèves demeurent peu scolarisés et d’autres, bien que scolarisés n’apprennent pas les savoirs du collège, il a été nécessaire de distinguer la scolarité (la fréquentation des savoirs par les élèves) de la notion de scolarisation (la présence en classe). Enfin, à partir de l’analyse d’un corpus documentaire et d’entretiens avec des agents, la thèse étudie l’action institutionnelle comme un dispositif et interroge la politique de l’école inclusive
The phenomenon of inconstant school attendance by pupils who have been termed “EFIV” (“children of itinerant and transient families”) since 2012 by the French Ministry of Education has led us to question not only a public classification but also policies and apparatuses pertaining to them. The research presented herein is a department-wide analysis of an area where a school attendance policy for this group has been applied for over ten years. By questioning the categories of research which in the past served to assess sporadic school attendance by “traveler” or “Gypsy” children, this analysis deconstructs the anthropological explanations concerning resistance to writing, to objectivating processes and to scholastic skills. Based on a qualitative survey mainly established via interviews with middle school children and their parents, the analysis likewise indicates how pupils’ situations cannot be reduced to mere family practices alone but also integrates the pupils’ differentiated roles, as per the diversity of their relationships to school, to scholastic knowledge and to the future. This same analysis also covers the roles played by the scholastic institutions themselves. Since some pupils remain insufficiently schooled, while others, even though attending school, never acquire middle school knowledge sets, it was necessary to create a distinction between schooling (the pupils’ use of scholastic knowledge) and school attendance (their presence in class). Last of all, through the analysis of a collection of documents and interviews with personnel, this thesis explores institutional action as an apparatus and challenges the policy of “the inclusive school”

The purpose of this study was to document relationships that exist between Indiana public-school superintendents and Indiana home-school families. The study examined if public-school superintendents' perceptions of home schooling and their perceptions of current Indiana home-school regulations influenced their relationships with home schoolers. Further, the study explored home-schooler perceptions of Indiana regulations on home schooling.For the superintendent questionnaire, the entire population of Indiana school district superintendents in office during the 1996-1997 school year was polled. Of the 297 superintendents polled, 192 responded to the initial mailing and three more to the follow-up resulting in a total of 195 responses- a return rate of 66%. The desired population for the home schoolers was all home-school families in Indiana. Based on the Indiana Department of Education estimate of 5500 home-school families registered with them, 550 questionnaires were mailed to home-school families with a 26% return rate.The following conclusions were drawn based on the findings in the study.1. Indiana public-school superintendents probably have a weaker relationship with the home-school parents in their school district than they believe. While nearly 65% of the superintendents believed they had at least a fair relationship with the home schoolers in their district, only 35.5% of the home-school parents believed their relationship with the superintendent was at least fair.2. Home schoolers desire more interaction with the public schools than they are receiving.Twenty percent of the home schoolers who did not have access to services at their local school wanted access to classes and textbooks from their local school district.3. Indiana superintendents are not knowledgeable about reasons parents choose to home school their children. Superintendents believed religion was a reason for home schooling in significantly larger numbers than the home-school parents (86% superintendents verses 55% of home-school parents). Superintendents did not recognize home-school parent concerns such as safety concerns, concerns with academics and problems with public schools.4. All Indiana public schools need a board-approved policy concerning home-schooled students in their district.5. There are children in Indiana receiving little or no education through home schooling.6. Home schoolers in the present Indiana study, for the most part, are representative of home schoolers across the United States.7. While the public perception of home schools has improved significantly in the last decade, superintendents' perceptions of home schools have changed little. Superintendents' perceptions of home schooling were virtually unchanged from the Lindley study completed in 1985. Superintendents believed home schools should have to participate in mandatory testing of students, certification of home-school teachers and should have mandatory registration with the state of Indiana.
Department of Educational Leadership

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Sydney, 2003.
Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 28, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy to the Dept. of Architecture, Design Science and Planning, Faculty of Architecture. Degree awarded 2003; thesis submitted 2002. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.

A persistent pattern of exclusion of young people with ‘mental disorders’ from school systems, despite the best intentions of schools and teachers, has prompted a call for a more reflexive understanding of their behaviours. This thesis, by describing how institutionally recognised ways of understanding can result in otherwise avoidable moral collisions and exclusion, produces new insights into the nature and processes of understanding required to promote inclusion. These insights were produced through an intensive qualitative examination of a violent classroom episode, identifying key points in the interaction that could make the difference between misrecognition and recognition, turning exclusion into inclusion.

À la fin du XXe siècle, l'école maternelle française est devenue l'école du langage pour toute une tranche d'âge, la petite enfance scolaire, afin de réduire les inégalités scolaires devant l'école. Or le langage, tout comme l'enfance, ne sont pas uniques et uniformes car ils sont socialement variables. La thèse interroge le primat du langage à l'école maternelle d'un double point de vue. Comment des enfances socialement différenciées sont-elles saisies par la norme du langage scolaire, un langage inscrit dans la culture écrite ? Quels sont les langages de l'enfance et quels rap-ports entretiennent-ils ? En prenant pour objet les primes socialisations langagières, la thèse étudie la socialisation plurielle et la différenciation sociale de la petite enfance scolarisée. L'analyse socio-historique montre que le primat du langage à l'école maternelle vient d'une attention sociale au jeune enfant. Après s'être portée sur son corps fragile, elle a investi ses productions symboliques, révélées par une « science de l'enfant » ethnocentrique. Progressivement, le jeune enfant devient un « objet culturel ». Au XIXe siècle, ce processus se situe dans les fractions instruites et dominantes de la bourgeoisie et de l'aristocratie, et les femmes de ces milieux investissent la petite enfance. Une première pédagogie du langage s'invente, au moins idéalement, dans l'école maternelle de la IIIe République qui voulait former un citoyen raisonnable. Mais c'est dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle que le langage devient une question scolaire, quand le problème social de l'« échec scolaire » surgit avec la massification. Un champ d'intervention professionnelle se constitue et impose des contenus et des pratiques légitimes. Entrepreneur de la littératie précoce, il véhicule les normes pédagogiques et les attentes de la bourgeoisie cultivée autour d'un « client idéal » : une définition élitiste du jeune enfant, qui présuppose son autonomie politique et cognitive. L'enquête ethnographique décrit des primes socialisations plurielles à la rencontre de plusieurs instances et leurs produits socialement différenciés : l'acculturation scolaire, la socialisation entre pairs, les socialisations familiales, la culture matérielle et symbolique de l'enfance (i. e. culture lu-dique et fictionnelle, culture graphique, alphabétique et lectorale, « traditions scolaires », culture légitime). Elle dévoile comment l'inégale distribution de ces produits langagiers structure des rapports sociaux (de classe et de genre) entre enfants au croisement de l'acculturation scolaire et d'un langage entre pairs. Elle reproduit la structure sociale. L'enquête conclut à une reconfigura-tion des fonctions différentielles de l'école maternelle : autour d'un curriculum réel, duquel une partie des milieux populaires est proche, et d'un curriculum caché, secondarisé, présupposant la réflexivité. Celui-ci est l'apanage des milieux dotés en ressources scolaires et l'objet légitime du champ d'intervention professionnelle de la littératie précoce. Finalement, la thèse montre que la priorité accordée au langage à l'école maternelle au nom de la réduction des inégalités scolaires perpétue la domination scolaire. Elle se réalise par la domination pédagogique que les entrepre-neurs et les entrepreneuses de normes exercent sur les agents des primes socialisations
At the end of the 20th century, the French nursery school has become the school of language for a whole age group, early childhood, in order to reduce school inequalities. However, both language and childhood are not unique and uniform because both of them are socially variable. This thesis questions the primacy of language in the nursery school from a double point of view: how do norms of school language, i.e. early literacy, affect children from socially different backgrounds? What are childhood’s languages and how are they connected? By taking language socialization as a research object, this thesis studies the plural socialization and social differentiation in schooled early childhood. The sociohistorical analysis shows that the primacy of language in nursery school came from social attention towards the young child. After having studied his fragile body, it invested his symbolic productions, revealed by an ethnocentric “science of the child”. Gradual-ly, the young child becomes a “cultural object”. Over the 19th century, this process took place in the educated and dominant parts of the upper class and the aristocracy. Women from these social groups took a close interest in early childhood. A first pedagogy of language was invented, at least ideally, in the Third Republic’s nursery school which aim was to bring up a reasonable citi-zen. But over the second half of the 20th century, language became a school issue, when the social problem of “school failure” appeared with mass schooling. A professional intervention field of early literacy was formed and imposed contents and norms for legitimate practices. Those early literacy entrepreneurs convey the educational standards and expectations of the cultivated middle class towards an “ideal customer”: by the elitist definition of a young child as someone with pre-supposed political and cognitive autonomy. The ethnographic inquiry describes plural socializa-tion involving several instances together and their socially differentiated products: school accul-turation, socialization among peers, family socializations, children material and symbolic culture (i.e. playful, fictional, graphic, alphabetical and reading culture, “school traditions”, legitimate culture). It reveals how the unequal distribution of these language products structures social rela-tions (both class & gender) between children at nursery school, at the crossroads between school acculturation and peer language. It reproduces social structure. The study concludes that the dif-ferential functions of nursery school are structured around both a real curriculum, (which part of the working class is comfortable with), and a hidden reflexive curriculum, (i. e. as a principal of extended literacy). This latter one belongs to social groups with education resources (i. e. middle class) and is the legitimate object of the professional intervention field in early literacy. Finally, the thesis shows that language established as a priority in order to reduce school inequalities actually perpetuates school domination. It happens through the pedagogical domination imposed by the norms entrepreneurs on the early language socialization’s agents

A full dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Education Presented to the Faculty of Education and Social Sciences 2015
This research project was conducted in 2010 and 2011 as a strategy to determine the effectiveness of a home-school partnership programme (HSPP) in a Grade R class. This study was an investigation into the empowerment of parents of Grade R learners in assisting the learning of literacy at home. Parents of Grade R learners attended a seven-week programme on ways of assisting their children. By attending the HSPP, parents and teachers were encouraged to form a link between home and school. The present study is grounded in Paulo Freire’s theoretical model of knowledge and acquisition as well as Bronfennbrener’s bio-ecological system. Reference is made to Costa’s sixteen Habits of Mind, which indicates how parents have grown in terms of their way of thinking. A qualitative approach was used. Focus group interviews, semi-structured questionnaires and footage from the local broadcasting studio were used to collect data. The sample size consisted of five participants who were interviewed during 2010 and five participants who were interviewed during 2011. These parents agreed to be part of the research programme. The key question of this study was answered: How can the HSPP assist parents with the learning of literacy at home? The results confirmed the positive impact that the programme had upon the parents. They wanted to assist their children at home but did not previously have the skills to do that. By gaining these skills, they became confident to use everyday objects to help their young children become literate. In conclusion, from the current research, it can be seen that if the home, the school and the community collaborate in a meaningful and sustained way, the future of our children’s education, especially in poverty-stricken areas where unemployment is rife, can be improved significantly in a constructive and long-term manner.

碩士
明道大學
課程與教學研究所
102
Math Learning Attitudes, and Math Learning Achievements of Students for Junior High School Advisor : Mei-Hui Lin Ph.D. Author: Hui-San Cheng Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among students’ cram schooling, mathematics learning attitude, and mathematics test scores in Changhua County. A questionnaire of the “Math Cram Schooling and Math Learning Attitude Scale” was employed as a research instrument. A total of 630 subjects were sampled with cluster random sampling method from junior high schools in Changhua. The statistical methods for data analysis will be used including the average, standard deviation, t-test, One way ANOVA, Scheffé afterwards comparison analysis, Persons product-moment correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Mathematics cram schooling of junior high school students is positive. 2. Students who joined mathematics cram school performed better in mathematics attitude and achieved higher mathematics test scores than those who did not. 3. The learning attitude in mathematic “cognition “of male students is higher than that of female students. 4. The willingness of joining cram school for 9th grade is higher than that for the 7th grade 5. Students having parents with college degree performed the best among all analyzed sub-groups. 6. According to the result, the more hours students spent for cram schooling, the better scores they received. 7. Spontaneity for cram schooling in mathematics, and mathematic learning attitude in 「cognition」 and 「feeling」have high correlation with mathematics test scores. Keywords: mathematics cram schooling, mathematics attitude, mathematics test scores

The purpose of the empirical study is to determine the nature of the peer pressure that boys experience at a single-gender school. A literature study was conducted on single-gender education as opposed to co-education as well as the phenomenon of peer pressure during adolescence and the factors that might influence peer pressure. An empirical investigation was conducted involving 221 adolescent boys. The results showed that boys in single-gender schools experience more positive than negative peer pressure. No significant differences were found between the peer pressure of boys at a single-gender school and those at a co-educational school. Motivation and relationship with peers were identified as the two most important variables relating to peer pressure. Guidelines for parents, teachers, and adolescents were discussed to promote positive peer pressure and to minimise negative peer pressure. These guidelines included strategies to motivate adolescents and to promote positive peer relationships.
Psychology of Education
M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Recent decades have seen increasing empirical investigation of the value of early educational intervention in challenging the inhibiting developmental effects of socioeconomic and educational disadvantage. A range of interventions involving small children and their families have been the focus of such research. The present research was based upon an evaluation of the implementation by Glastonbury Child and Family Services, a major family support agency in the regional centre of Geelong in Victoria, of the Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters program, now known in New Zealand and Australia as the Home Interaction Program for Parents and Youngsters (HIPPY). When the two-year version of HIPPY was introduced to Australia in 1998, with newly arrived immigrant in inner Melbourne, it was formally evaluated to be successful with that population. Soon after, in 1999, it was offered for the first time to Australian-born, transgenerationally disadvantaged families of angloceltic origin, in Geelong. This study has focused on the third implementation in Geelong, once the program had been settled in with this new community. Two main lines of inquiry were pursued. The first concerned whether the program operated as planned within this particular context and the second was the examination of program outcomes. The focus on program outcomes went beyond the expected cognitive or learning readiness gains for children to explore the socio-emotional developmental domain of learning readiness. Socio-emotional benefits to parents and Home Tutors were also explored. Complementary qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used with program participants at three points in time, once during the first year of the program, once during its second year, and once during the year after its conclusion. Each stage of data collection involved indepth interviews with family participants and all staff of the program. Formal psychological assessments of aspects of the developmental status of children were conducted at each stage. A strong attempt was made to find a matched control or comparison group, but logistical and methodological problems made this very difficult, such that the comparison group secured was somewhat less disadvantaged than the HIPPY group. Nevertheless, the study found that the HIPPY children kept pace in terms of learning readiness, and demonstrated over time significantly greater gains in socio-emotional development than the comparison group. Parents and staff were also found to benefit socio-emotionally from their participation in the Program. The indepth qualitative interview data revealed changes to the quality of the parent-child relationship, as a function of the early intervention, with parents reporting feeling closer to the child and an enhanced security of attachment from the child to the parent within day-to-day interactions. The study found that HIPPY was directed in general accordance with the standard model of delivery, but with several areas of adaptation in response to the needs of the particular population of families. The child's enthusiasm for the program and the willingness of HIPPY staff to maintain a flexible approach to implementation were found to be the most facilitative factors contributing to the Program's success. The information produced was rich and allowed for the exploration of how participation in the program may have led to the outcomes found. This line of inquiry raised the idea that improvements in the quality of the parent-child relationship may have mediated the positive socio-emotional outcomes found. The findings also suggested the value of involving the interaction of the parent and the child in the intervention designed to challenge disadvantage by changing developmental trajectories.

Parental involvement (PI) in three socio-economic disparate primary schools in Ile-Ife in Nigeria was investigated in the study. The study explored the effect of socio-economic status on PI using three schools representing the Lower socioeconomic status (LSES), Middle socio-economic status (MSES) and Higher socioeconomic status (HSES). The study reported how parents of three different income groups practice and perceive PI and how teachers perceive PI at the schools and what their expectations are regarding PI. The data used for empirical investigation was drawn from 15 parents and 15 teachers at each of the three schools. The parents were selected using convenience sampling and were individually interviewed while teachers are selected by purposeful random sampling and data was collected using focus group interviews and survey questionnaires. Results shows that parents’ available time, interest, level of education, social capital, parent-teacher contact and socio-economic status (SES) affected PI of which time, SES and interest were the most important factors affecting PI. PI is evidenced in all SES groups as joint cooperation between parents and teachers in support of children’s scholastic pursuit. The study suggests that, contrary to conventional opinion, parents of LSES generally have high educational goals for their children and evidence noteworthy PI practices. PI should be strengthened by building on existing positive endeavors and addressing areas of PI which are lagging behind. Strategies to strengthen these endeavors are recommended in conclusion of the study.
Educational Leadership and Management
M. Ed. (Education Management)