Дисертації з теми "Relationship with occupational risk"
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1
Greene, Daylee Rose. "Relationship Between Occupational Complexity and Dementia Risk in Late Life: A Population Study." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1975.
Анотація:
According to cognitive reserve theory, challenging and/or stimulating cognitive activities can build a theoretical reserve, which may lead to a delay in the clinical expression of dementia and/or Alzheimer's Disease. These cognitively stimulating activities are thought to build cognitive strategies and neural pathways that are more efficient, enabling the individual to live symptom-free for a longer period of time. One mechanism through which cognitive reserve can be built is by participating in an occupation high in cognitive complexity. When individuals hold an occupation that is high in complexity, they may build their cognitive reserve in such a manner as to reduce their risk for dementia in late life. Using extant data from an existing longitudinal, population-based study, we examined the effect of various subdomains of cognitive complexity of the longest-held job on dementia risk. In cox regression models, individuals holding agricultural occupations and occupations high in complexity of interaction with machinery, equipment, tools and inanimate objects ("Things") had an increased risk for both AD and dementia. Socioeconomic status was found to partially mediate the relationship between high Things complexity and dementia/AD risk, as well as the relationship between agricultural occupations and dementia/AD risk. While there has been some debate regarding whether results reflect a true effect of occupational complexity or simply an effect of education, results from this study indicate that both occupational complexity and education contribute unique effects to dementia/AD risk. Gender, job duration, and APOE genotype were not found to moderate any of the above associations. An understanding of how occupational complexity impacts cognitive reserve and risk for dementia/AD will enable individuals as well as clinicians to implement activities that enhance cognitive reserve and lead to a greater number of years lived symptom-free from dementia/AD.
2
Alabdulkarim, Saad A. "Assessing the Relationship between Occupational Injury Risk and Performance: the Efficacy of Adding Adjustability and Using Exoskeletons in the Context of a Simulated Drilling Task." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89485.
Анотація:
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) continue to occur despite an increasing understanding of the risk factors that initiate these disorders. Ergonomics is commonly seen as a health and safety approach that has no influence on performance, a perspective potentially hindering intervention proposals in practice. Highlighting potential performance benefits can facilitate intervention cost-justification, along with the traditional focus on reducing exposure to injury risk.
The main objective of this research was to examine the dual influences (i.e., on performance and injury risk) of two distinct types of interventions: adding adjustability, as a commonly advocated approach when considering ergonomics early in the (re)design phase to change task demands; and using exoskeletons to enhance worker capacity. A simulated drilling task was used, which was considered informative as it entailed diverse demands (precision, strength, and speed) and permitted quantifying two dimensions of task performance (productivity and quality).
The dual influences of three levels of workstation adjustability were examined first; increasing adjustability improved performance, with this benefit occurring only when a given level of adjustability also succeeded in reducing ergonomic risk. Across examined conditions, several significant linear associations were found between risk (e.g., Strain Index score) and performance metrics (e.g., completion time), further supporting an inverse relationship between these two outcomes. The dual influences of three distinct passive exoskeletal designs were investigated/compared subsequently, in a simulated overhead drilling task and considering the potential moderating effects of tool mass and precision requirements. Specific designs were: full-body (Full) and upper-body (Arm) exoskeletons with attached mechanical arms; and an upper-body (Shl) exoskeleton providing primarily shoulder support. Both designs with mechanical arms increased static and median total muscle activity while deteriorating quality. The Shl design reduced shoulder loading while increasing dominant upper arm loading and deteriorating quality in the highest precision requirements. Influences of both increasing precision and tool mass were fairly consistent across the examined designs. As such, no single design was obviously superior in both physical demands and performance. Although future work is needed under more diverse/realistic scenarios, these results may be helpful to (re)design interventions that achieve dual benefits on performance and injury risks.PHD
3
Landean, Megan N. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D, BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) AND RISK FOR FALLS ON INDIVIDUALS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1511794427717765.
4
Dutt, Mohini. "Developing Models to Study Relationships between Tibial Acceleration Measures and Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms Experienced by Distribution Center Workers." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1452236782.
5
Liu, Linjun, and 劉林均. "Occupational risk index of pneumoconiosis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207970.
Анотація:
Purpose
Pneumoconiosis is a kind of diffuse lung fibrosis disease caused by long-term inhalation of industrial dust and retention in the lungs. In recent years, the incidence of pneumoconiosis decline in Europe, America and other developed countries, but remains stubbornly high in China, and even shows a rising trend. Currently, China does not have a comprehensive pneumoconiosis risk index system for risk assessment. This project aims to review methods to construct the risk index system of occupational dust exposure. A comprehensive, evidence-based and practical risk index system will offer a solid foundation for calculating the risk index weightings, adjusting indicator system and practical application in the future.
Method
Pubmed search was conducted for all the literature in 2000 -2014 about the risk factors of pneumoconiosis. RCT trials, cohort studies and case-control studies were identified to explore the risk factors of pneumoconiosis. Animal experiments, clinical research, radiological research, genetic research, and simple descriptive studies were excluded. Referring to "The Law of Occupational Disease Prevention in People's Republic of China" and national occupational health risk assessment system in other countries and an occupational dust risk index system prototype was formulated.
Result
19 highly relevant literatures were identified from the systematic review. We found that dust concentration, working duration, age and smoking habit are highly correlated to the risk of pneumoconiosis. Combined with occupational health risk assessment systems in other countries and "The Law of Occupational Disease Prevention in People's Republic of China", the primary occupational risk index system was built. The system totally included four level indicators, 11 secondary indicators and 48 tertiary level indicators, covering human factors, physical factors, environmental factors and the management factors.
Conclusion
The primary risk index system not only covers the detail of production process from the dust generation to the dust spread, but also includes personal risk exposure caused by individual differences, working environment and hazards caused by improper management. It is trusted to be a comprehensive risk index. However, the index system needs further statistical analysis, like setting the index weight and testing with the data collecting from actual work, to improve the rationality and practicality of the index system.published_or_final_version
Public health
Master
Master of Public Health
6
Leidel, Jason M. "In vitro partial-body dose assessment using a radiation responsive protein biomarker /." Download the thesis in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Leidel2005.pdf.
7
Baker, Paul. "Occupational risk factors for meniscal injury." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393511.
8
Reid, Christopher. "Occupational Lower Extremity Risk Assessment Modeling." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4111.
Анотація:
Introduction: Lower extremity (LE) work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are known to occur with cumulative exposure to occupational and personal risks. The objective of this dissertation study was to find if creating a quantifiable risk detection model for the LE was feasible. The primary product of the literature review conducted for this study resulted in focusing the attention of the model development process onto creating the initial model of the LE for assessing knee disorder risk factors. Literature Review: LE occupational disorders affect numerous industries and thousands of people each year by affecting any one of the musculoskeletal systems deemed susceptible by the occupational and personal risk factors involved. Industries known to be affected tend to have labor intensive job descriptions. Some of the numerous industry examples include mining, manufacturing, firefighting, and carpet laying. Types of WMSDs noticed by the literature include bursitis, osteoarthritis, stress fractures, tissue inflammation, and nerve entrapment. In addition to the occupationally related disorders that may develop, occupationally related discomforts were also taken into consideration by this study. Generally, both the disorders and the discomforts can be traced to either a personal or occupational risk factor or both. Personal risk factors noted by the literature include a person's physical fitness and health history (such as past injuries). Meanwhile, occupational risks can be generalized to physical postures, activities, and even joint angles. Prevalence data over a three year interval (2003-2005) has found that LE WMSDs make up on average approximately 7.5% of all the WMSD cases reported to the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). When the literature is refined to the information pertaining to occupational knee disorders, the mean prevalence percentage of the same three year range is about 5%. Mean cost for knee injuries were found to be $18,495 (for the year between 2003 and 2004). Methodology: Developing a risk model for the knee meant using groups of subject matter experts for model development and task hazard analysis. Sample occupational risk data also needed to be gathered for each of a series of tasks so that the model could be validated. These sample data were collected from a sample aircraft assembly plant of a US aerospace manufacturer. Results: Based on the disorder and risk data found in the literature, a knee risk assessment model was developed to utilize observational, questionnaire, and direct measure data collection methods. The final version of this study's knee model has an inventory of 11 risk factors (8 occupational and 3 personal) each with varying degrees of risk exposure thresholds (e.g., high risk, moderate risk, or minimal risk). For the occupational risk assessment portion of the model, the results of task evaluations include both an occupational risk resultant score (risk score) and a task risk level (safe or hazardous). This set of results is also available for a cumulative (whole day) assessment. The personal risk assessment portion only produces a risk resultant score. Validation of the knee risk model reveals statistically (t (34) = 1.512, p = 0.156), that it is functioning as it should and can decide between hazardous and safe tasks. Additionally, the model is also capable of analyzing tasks as a series of cumulative daily events and providing an occupational and personal risk overview for individuals. Conclusion: While the model proved to be functional to the given sample site and hypothetical situations, further studies are needed outside of the aerospace manufacturing environment to continue testing both the model's validity and applicability to other industrial environments. The iterative adjustments generated for the occupational risk portion of the model (to reduce false positives and negatives) will need additional studies that will further evaluate professional human judgment of knee risk against this model's results. Future investigations must also make subject matter experts aware of the minimal risk levels of this knee risk assessment model so that task observational results are equally comparable. Additional studies are moreover needed to assess the intimate nature between variable interactions; especially multiple model defined minimal risks within a single task.Ph.D.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering PhD
9
Schenk, Linda. "Managing chemical risk through occupational exposure limits /." Stockholm : Arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9769.
10
Schenk, Linda. "Management of chemical risk through occupational exposure limits." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Philosophy and History of Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9769.
Анотація:
Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) are used as an important regulatory instrument to protect workers’ health from adverse effects of chemical exposures. The OELs mirror the outcome of the risk assessment and risk management performed by the standard setting actor. In paper I the OELs established by 18 different organisations or national regulatory agencies from the industrialised world were compared. The comparison concerned: (1) what chemicals have been selected and (2) the average level of exposure limits for all chemicals. In paper II the OELs established by 7 different national regulatory agencies of EU member states are compared to those of the European Commission (EC). In addition to the same comparisons as performed in the first study a comparison level was introduced (3) the similarity between the OELs of these EU member states and the OELs recommended by the EC.
List of OELs were collected through the web-pages of, and e-mail communication with the standard-setting agencies. The selection of agencies was determined by availability of the lists. The database of paper I contains OELs for a total of 1341 substances; of these 25 substances have OELs from all 18 organisations while more than one third of the substances are only regulated by one organisation alone. In paper II this database was narrowed down to the European perspective. The average level of OELs differs substantially between organisations; the US OSHA exposure limits are (on average) nearly 40 % higher than those of Poland. Also within Europe there was a nearly as large difference. The average level of lists tends to decrease over time, although there are exceptions to this. The similarity index in paper II indicates that the exposure limits of EU member states are converging towards the European Commission’s recommended OELs. These two studies also showed that OELs for the same substance can vary significantly between different standard-setters. The work presented in paper III identifies steps in the risk assessment that could account for these differences. Substances for which the level of OELs vary by a factor of 100 or more were identified and their documentation sought for further scrutiny. Differences in the identification of the critical effect could explain the different level of the OELs for half of the substances. The results reported in paper III also confirm the tendency of older OELs generally being higher. Furthermore, several OELs were more than 30 years old and were based on out-dated knowledge. But the age of the data review could not account for all the differences in data selection, only one fifth of the documents referred to all available key studies. Also the evaluation of the key studies varied significantly.
11
Strauss, Kendra. "Risk, responsibility and choice in U.K. occupational pensions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540180.
12
Raji, Olaide Yaqeen. "Parental occupational exposure and risk of childhood cancer." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491636.
Анотація:
The risk of childhood cancer has been inconsistently linked with parental exposure to occupational agents, partly because of poor exposure assessment. Data from the UK Childhood Cancer Study,. a nationwide population based case-control study, was used to extend previous analyses ofparental occupational exposures assessed via job and industry titles. Eight specific work related exposures were examined as possible risk factors for childhood leukaemia and lymphoma for three exposure time windows (preconception, pregnancy, postnatal). Personal interview data from parents of cases and matched controls included a full occupational history; for each job where exposure had been indicated, detailed information was gathered on each reported exposure agent. A new exposure assessment method was designed, which scrutinised five exposure determinants to provide semi-quantitative indices on exposure probability, level of exposure, frequency of contact, and degree of protection. These were combined to derive a final 'reviewed' exposure status. The method was externally validated against an independent expert assessment. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for 'self-reported' and 'reviewed' exposures. Mothers had a lower prevalence of exposure (18%) compared· to fathers (44%). The 'reviewed' exposure status reclassified 33% of 4833 mothers' and 50% of 19,326 fathers' reported job exposures as 'exposed'. Many statistically significant risks for 'self-reported' exposure disappeared when applying the reclassified exposure. Only maternal exposure to solvents during pregnancy remained statistically significantly associated with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (OR=2.7, C.I=1.6-4.6) with evidence of a dose-response relationship. Paternal exposure to fertilisers during pregnancy and postnatally also remained statistically significantly associated with ALL and Hodgkin Lymphoma but without evidence of dose-response relationships. The designed exposure assessment method represents a novel approach for evaluating parental occupational exposure for use in future studies. The findings for mothers for the generic group of solvents warrants further independent research. Overall, findings must invoke caution in the interpretation of risk estimates reliant on 'selfreported' occupational exposure in epidemiological investigations.
13
Khalade, Abdul. "Occupational exposure to benzene and risk of cancer." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1076/.
Анотація:
This thesis assessed the risk of cancer in relation to exposure from benzene at work. The thesis is in three major sections. The first section consisted of a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of leukemia from occupational exposure to benzene. The systematic review confirmed leukemia to be important in relation to benzene exposure; 15 selected studies yielded 16 effect estimates with an overall statistically significant effect size (relative risk) of 1.40 (95% CI, 1.23-1.57). A dose response analysis was performed and provided evidence for a strong positive trend between leukemia risks and estimated exposure to benzene. The risk of all leukemia combined increased with a dose-response pattern with a summary effect size (ES) of 1.64 (95% CI 1.13-2.39) for low (<40 ppm-years), 1.90 (95% CI 1.26-2.89) for medium (40-99.9 ppm-years), and 2.62 (95% CI 1.57-4.39) for high exposure (>100 ppm-years). The risk of AML also increased from low (ES 1.94, 95% CI 0.95-3.95), medium (ES 2.32, 95% CI 0.91-5.94) to high exposure category (ES 3.20, 95% CI 1.09-9.45), but the trend was not statistically significant. The second section used the same method to assess other cancer risks by conducting a systematic review and further meta-analysis. The most common other cancer sites for which a possible occupational involvement from benzene has been suggested were lung, bladder, melanoma, stomach and kidney cancer. Consequently, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on each of these cancer sites. The results obtained did not show any clear evidence of risk for lung cancer (ES 0.99, 95% CI 0.96-1.03), bladder cancer (ES 1.00, 95% CI 0.96-1.03), or stomach cancer (ES 0.96, 95% CI 0.90-1.03). However increased risks were shown for melanoma (ES 1.25, 95% CI 1.09-1.44) and kidney cancer (ES 1.14, 95% CI 1.04-1.25). The systematic review and meta-analysis for melanoma was based on 7 available studies reporting 8 cohorts. It was not possible to conclude that benzene exposure is a cause of melanoma as many other chemicals were also used in the factories. There was no significant heterogeneity in the study-specific findings for melanoma (P=0.26). The systematic review and meta-analysis for kidney cancer was based on 22 available studies reporting 24 cohorts. There was also no significant heterogeneity in the study-specific findings for kidney cancer (P=0.41). Therefore, further research is needed to establish a strong link between exposure to benzene and risk of kidney cancer. The final section of the thesis examined the risk of leukemia, lung cancer and all cause mortality in workers exposed to benzene in a large cohort of workers employed at 233 factories during 1966/67 in England & Wales. The results however provided no clear evidence of a dose response effect for leukemia risks in relation to estimated cumulative exposure from benzene. The major limitations of the study related to the recording of limited work histories and the collection of incomplete or limited exposure assessments. The method used in recording the levels of exposure were not clear as different factories were measured by individual personnel at differing times over the years, and at differing areas within factory to factory. It was not possible, therefore, to gain a comprehensive and consistent exposure assessment throughout the factories. To obtain an accurate and viable outcome there needs to be a sound measurement of exposure technique implemented such as taking personal samples using a personal sampler for each individual and indicating specific areas where low, medium and high exposures are evident alongside adequate ventilation. Job exposure matrix also needs to be considered alongside socio-economic classification and ethnicity as this may show some effect on how different minorities may be better or worse adapted to certain chemical exposures.
14
Dick, Smita. "Occupational and environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU201019.
Анотація:
Case-control study or prevalent parkinsonism and PD cases in Grampian and Easter Ross, Scotland. Cases were defined using United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank clinical diagnostic criteria. Dementia, cerebrovascular and drug-induced cases were excluded. Age and gender-balanced controls were drawn from hospital outpatients and the community. Trained interviewers administered a questionnaire regarding lifestyle and occupation including solvent, pesticide and metal exposure (iron, copper, manganese). An occupational hygienist estimated metal exposures blind to disease status using a job exposure matrix modified by subjective exposure estimation. Lifetime occupational histories were classified by occupational (Dictionary of Occupational Titles) and industry (modified International Standard Industrial Classification. A follow-up postal study in Grampian enquired about tea and coffee consumption, anxiolytic, anti-depressant and hypnotic use and head injury. 202 cases and 420 controls were recruited between June 2000 and July 2002 (responsive rate 46.2%). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed first-degree family history of PD (OR 4.12, 95%CI 1.92-8.83) and pesticides ('high' exposure OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.06-2.69) were risk factors. Smoking was protective (OR 0.26, 95%CI 0.18-0.29) with an exposure-response relationship. Both occupational and industry coding systems showed non-significantly increased risks for 'agriculture'. The follow-up study response rate was 93% (149 cases, 305 controls). Tea and coffee consumption were not associated with PD. A positive association of use of psychoactive medication with PD was probably explained by their use after disease onset. A non-significantly increased association of head injury and PD was not supported by the follow-up postal study. First-degree family history of PD was associated with PD. Pesticide use was a risk factor for PD, whereas smoking was associated with reduced risk. The increased risk for agriculture may reflect pesticide use.
15
Heimann, Thorsten. "The labour income risk associated with the occupational choice /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/992492696/04.
16
Hatjian, Berj Armen. "Risk assessment of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/372.
Анотація:
A novel strategy was used to assess the risk to health from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), an important class of chemical carcinogens, in workers in the paving and roofing industries using bitumen. The aim was to evaluate the risk of exposure to PAHs at three different stages: these were external exposure "external dose", internal exposure "internal dose" and biological effect "biologically effective dose". The approaches used for quantifying the risk at these stages were ambient monitoring, biological monitoring and biological effect monitoring, respectively. Ambient monitoring was carried out by personal air sampling and measurement of PAH-exposure. Excretion of thioethers (a non-selective biomarker) and 1-hydroxypyrene (a selective biomarker of exposure to pyrene) in urine were determined. Urinary d-glucaric acid, sister chromatid exchange in peripheral blood lymphocytes and micronuclei in exfoliated cells were use for biological effect monitoring. Seven groups of workers were studied. These were office workers, departmental staff and manual workers who were not occupationally exposed to PAHs and who were included as controls, and two groups of payers and roofers who were exposed to bitumen fumes during their work. The ambient monitoring program revealed that concentrations of PAHs in environmental air could be as high as those found in the payers' and roofers' occupational environments. The contribution of these background levels to the external dose of the pa yers and roofers was considerable. Payers and roofers were occupationally exposed to low levels of PAHs. The PAH profile in the personal air sample of the workers was different between the two industries. This was attributed to the presence of PAH-emission sources other than hot bitumen, such as vehicle exhaust. The concentration of naphthalene measured in air samples was a good indicator for identifying the existence of these sources. The quantitative evaluation of the carcinogenic risk inherent in the external dose using the 8 hour TWA concentration as a measuring stick did not seem to be effective due to the low "noise" levels of carcinogenic PAHs present. A semi-quantitative measure of the external exposure was suggested which appeared to be a better reflection of the carcinogenic risk. Urinary thioethers are not sensitive enough to be used as a nonselective biomarker of exposure to low levels of PAHs; however, urinary 1- hydroxypyrene was a good indicator of internal exposure to pyrene and therefore PAHs in bitumen fume. The relationship between 1-hydroxypyrene in urine and specific airborne PAH-exposure indices in the results of the payers, but not the roofers, suggested that the route of exposure in the latter is mainly dermal while that in the payers is more related to respiratory uptake. This observation, however, did not agree with the subjective occupational hygiene assessment where it was observed that the roofers were closer to the source of PAH-emissions due to the nature of their job and both groups did not use any respiratory or personal protective equipment. The measurement of urinary d-glucaric acid excretion suggested, but not strongly, that hepatic enzyme activity was induced in the occupationally PAH-exposed groups in comparison to controls and reflected the internal dose of pyrene or total PAHs. These observation; however, need further investigation. Micronuclei in exfoliated epithelial cells could not be measured in these populations as insufficient bladder epithelial cells were obtained for analysis. Sister chromatid exchange in peripheral blood lymphocytes of payers and roofers was significantly elevated in comparison to control and manual worker group. The group mean frequencies of SCE were significantly correlated with the external exposure to carcinogenic PAHs. This observation suggested that sister chromatid exchange is a very sensitive cytogenetic endpoint and is useful for evaluating the risk of exposure to low levels of carcinogenic PAHs. Risk assessment, such as the one conducted in this study, allows a quantitative estimation of risk associated with long-term exposure to moderate and low levels of airborne exposure to PAHs in bitumen fume. Knowledge of dose response relationship may allow a review of current Occupational Exposure Standards (OES) and Biological Exposure Limits, which are at present either unavailable or based on poor background scientific knowledge for most PAH compounds. In this study we have suggested an Occupational Exposure Limit for PAHs based on the sum of fourteen PAH-species.
17
Myers, Kendall Page. "Zoonotic influenza and occupational risk factors in agricultural workers." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/221.
18
Heimann, Thorsten. "The labour income risk associated with the occupational choice." Hamburg Kovač, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992492696/04.
19
Spies, Jennifer. "The relationship between occupational stressors, occupational stress and burnout among trauma unit nursing staff." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03162005-152554.
20
Fu, Xi. "Self-rated health and respiratory symptoms among civil aviation pilots : Occupational and non-occupational risk factors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arbets- och miljömedicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-318806.
Анотація:
There is concern about the indoor environment in aircraft but few stud-ies exist on self-rated health (SRH) and respiratory symptoms among pilots. Occupational and non-occupational risk factors for SRH, respira-tory symptoms and other symptoms among commercial pilots were investigated in this thesis. One cohort study and one prevalence study were performed among pilots in one Scandinavian airline company. Fungal DNA, furry pet allergens and volatile organic compounds of microbial origin (MVOC) were measured on board. Cat (fel d1), dog (Can f1) and horse (Ecu cx) allergens were found in all dust samples and allergen levels were 27-75 times higher in aircraft with textile seats as compared to leather surfaces. The sum of MVOCs in the cabin air was 3.7 times higher than in homes in Uppsala and 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol concentrations were 15-17 times higher. Asper-gillus/Penicillium DNA and Aspergillus versicolor DNA were more common in aircraft with textile seats. One fifth reported SRH as poor or fair, 62% had fatigue, 46% overweight/obesity and 71% insomnia. Poor or fair SRH was associated with overweight/obesity, lack of exercise, insomnia, low sense of coherence (SOC) and high work demand. Re-covery from work was worse among those with insomnia and low social support at work. Fatigue was more common among young or female pilots and related to insomnia and high work demand. Pilots flying MD80 or Saab 2000 aircraft had less fatigue. Pilots exposed to environmental tobacco (ETS) on board had more eye symptoms and fatigue which were reduced after the ban of smoking (in 1997). Pilots with increased work demand developed more rhinitis, dermal symptoms and fartigue and those with decreased work control developed more eye symptoms. The incidence of doctors’ diagnosed asthma and atopy were 2.4 and 16.6 per 1000 person years, respectively. Pilots changing type of flight got more airway infections. Those reporting decreased work control had a higher incidence of atopy. Risk factors in the home environment included ETS, dampness or mould, window pane condensation in winter and living in houses built after 1975. In conclusion, SRH and respiratory health among pilots are associated with specific occupational and non-occupational risk factors.
21
Meyers, Alysha Rose. "Prevention strategies for musculoskeletal disorders among high-risk occupational groups." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2946.
Анотація:
The objective of the three studies in this dissertation was to improve methods to prevent musculoskeletal disorders among workers in high-risk occupations. The first two studies, Strain Index (SI) Studies I & II, addressed this problem by better characterizing the performance of a commonly used observational method of estimating potentially hazardous biomechanical exposures, the SI. The SI combines measures of several biomechanical risk factors into a single value (SI score). Strain Index scores are usually categorized into four ordinal SI "risk categories." In Strain Index Study I, multivariate survival analysis models were compared to evaluate the predictive validity of the original SI risk category cut-points to a new set of empirically derived cut-point values among 276 manufacturing workers. The results from this prospective study indicated that the empirically derived cut-points were a better predictor of incident hand-arm symptoms than the original cut-points, especially among women. In Strain Index Study II, Aim 1, exposures to forceful exertions, repetition and non-neutral wrist posture estimated with SI methods were compared to analogous exposures estimated with alternate methods. Statistically significant associations between separate methods designed to assess specific risk factors were observed only for those measuring non-neutral wrist posture. In Aim 2, a multivariate survival analysis model examining associations between incident hand-arm symptoms and biomechanical exposures estimated with the SI was compared to a model examining associations between incident hand-arm symptoms and biomechanical exposures estimated with separate estimates of biomechanical risk factors. Results favored the SI risk category metric to characterize biomechanical exposures compared to separate measures of exposure. he third study, light-weight block (LWB) Intervention Study, was a repeated measures laboratory study of 25 bricklayers performed to estimate the effect of block weight (LWB vs. standard-weight block (SWB)) and course height on low back disorder (LBD) risk factor exposure. Mixed-effect models showed that LWB was associated with reduced exposure for percent time spent in sagittal flexion >30°, lifting rate, LBD risk probability score, and non-dominant upper trapezius muscle activity. Bricklaying at ankle or chest heights was generally associated with higher exposure to risk factors than bricklaying at knuckle height.
22
McKay, Lawrence J. "The effect of offsite construction on occupational health and safety." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6381.
Анотація:
The continuous desire to improve health and safety in UK construction has in recent years been challenged to adopt offsite strategies in order to address the poor health and safety record of construction. Despite the benefits of using offsite there has been little research on the actual benefits and disadvantages of the effect of offsite on occupational health and safety. This is important given that the UK government has promoted the use of offsite to improve health and safety performance. This thesis provides a strategy for the management of offsite risk and a risk management tool has been developed. The study investigated offsite manufacturers views on offsite activities and risks in comparison with insitu activities and risks. This was achieved through three phases: phase I comprised two expert group interviews, phase II involved ergonomic audits and phase III consisted of three semi-structured interviews with three offsite manufacturers. The thesis identified that there are significant health and safety benefits of offsite. The benefits relate to specific activities within the offsite categories and context studied. Examples include the elimination of work at height, reduction in noise, reduction in work in confined space, reduction in congested work with trade overlap and greater control over work in the factory. The research revealed that there are still potential health and safety risks with offsite. Examples include; transportation and delivery of units of large size and weight with associated high consequence craneage and handling risks (unit fall and hand injury), whole body vibration, cuts, MSDs, RSIs, fumes and slips trips and falls. There appears to be little in the literature to support the identification of offsite risk issues. The study identified strategies to eliminate and reduce offsite residual risks. The case study investigated solutions to further reduce residual risks, which were further explored in phase III the semi-structured interviews. The solutions are grouped into four approaches: process change, workplace environment designing out risks, automation and the use of tools. An offsite risk management tool was developed which transfers knowledge from the study to provide awareness and management of offsite risk. The thesis provides a contribution to knowledge by providing a better understanding of offsite risks, offsite residual risks and strategies used to reduce residual risks.
23
Barnes, Karin J. "Relationship of occupational therapy services to special education outcomes /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
24
Atkinson, Sarah. "Assessment of cumulative risk in manual materials handling." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268515.
25
Di, Mauro Carmela. "An economic analysis of risk in the workplace." Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337102.
26
Schenk, Linda. "Setting occupational exposure limits : Practices and outcomes of toxicological risk assessment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-29777.
Анотація:
Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) are used as an important regulatory instrument to protect workers’ health from adverse effects of chemical exposures. The main objective of this thesis is to study risk assessment practices in the setting of OEL in order to produce knowledge that will help improve the consistency and transparency of OELs. For the purpose of paper I a database of OELs for a total of 1341 substances was compiled. Of these, only 25 substances have OELs from all 18 included organisations while more than one third of the substances are only regulated by one organisation alone. The average level of OELs differs substantially between organisations; the US OSHA exposure limits are (on average) nearly 40 % higher than those of Poland. In paper II six EU member states’ OELs are compared to the European Commission’s OELs. Also within Europe there is a large difference concerning the average level of OELs (35%). The average level of lists tends to decrease over time, although there are exceptions to this. There are also indications that the exposure limits of EU member states are converging towards the European Commission’s OELs. The work presented in paper III identifies steps in the risk assessment that could account for the large differences in OELs for 14 different substances. Differences in the identification of the critical effect could explain the different level of the OELs for half of the substances. But the age of the data review could not account for all the differences in data selection, only one fifth of the documents referred to all available key studies. Also the evaluation of the key studies varied significantly. The aim of paper IV was to investigate how the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL) of the European Commission uses assessment factors when proposing health-based indicative OELs. For only one third of the investigated OELs were explicit assessment factors given. On average the safety margin of the recommendations was 2.1 higher when an explicit assessment factor had been used. It is recommended that the SCOEL develop and adhere to a more articulate framework on the use of assessment factors. Paper V focuses on the Derived No-Effect Levels (DNELs) which are to be calculated under the new European Union REACH legislation. It is a comparison of the safety margins of 88 SCOEL recommendations with those of the corresponding worker-DNELs, derived according to the default approach as described in the REACH guidance document. Overall, the REACH safety margins were approximately six times higher than those derived from the SCOEL documentations but varied widely with REACH/SCOEL safety margin ratios ranging by two orders of magnitude, from 0.3 to 58.QC 20110215
27
Creech, Christina, Taylor Lacey, Elizabeth Patton, Brittany Jamison, and (Guntupalli) Chaya D. Nanjundeswaran. "Understanding Role of Occupational Risk Factors in Voice Problems of Teachers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1771.
Анотація:
A survey was distributed to teachers in the East Tennessee Tri-Cities area to determine impact of occupational risk factors including voice use, work related factors and common practices of teachers’ everyday lives on the presence or absence of voice problems. Preliminary results regarding voice problems and potential factors are discussed.
28
Bensalem, Said. "Construction du rapport au risque professionnel et santé psychique au travail : une question de genre ? Le cas de conducteurs et conductrices de bus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU20057.
Анотація:
Dans le champ de la psychologie sociale du travail et des organisations, c’est à l’articulation de deux thématiques de recherche - la santé au travail et le risque professionnel – que se situe notre recherche visant à analyser la question, encore peu documentée, des inégalités de santé au travail entre hommes et femmes.Notre thèse s’intéresse à une insertion professionnelle contre-stéréotypique pour les femmes – il s’agit en l’occurrence de conductrices de bus – pour examiner ; d’une part, si l’on peut établir des différences de santé psychique entre ces conductrices et leurs homologues masculins ; d’autre part, si ces différences peuvent être mises en lien avec des rapports genrés au risque professionnel, omniprésent dans ce métier.C’est sous l’angle d’une approche psychosociale des rapports entre domaines de vie, étayée sur le modèle d’une socialisation plurielle développé dans le Laboratoire LPS-DT, que cette analyse est menée : il s’agit d’élargir le regard au-delà de la seule sphère professionnelle des sujets (en prenant en compte les expériences de risque vécues en d’autres domaines de vie) pour comprendre aussi bien la construction de la santé au travail que la construction du rapport au risque professionnel et leurs interrelations.L’approche clinique retenue pour cette recherche mobilise plusieurs méthodologies : l’observation de l’activité en situation, à bord des bus ; une tâche d’association verbale autour des notions de risque et de risque professionnel ; la réalisation d’entretiens individuels (trois par sujet). Cette approche en profondeur est appliquée à un échantillon de six conducteurs/trices de bus salariés d’une même société de transport.L’analyse des données recueillies a montré que les différences identifiées entre hommes et femmes ne concernent pas tant le niveau de santé psychique au travail que les processus de construction de celle-ci.Nous sommes aussi parvenus à établir l’existence de différences dans le rapport au risque professionnel, caractérisé à partir d’articulations singulières entre plusieurs de ses dimensions (représentation du risque ; stratégies de faire face au risque ; conduites de prise de risque) : ainsi avons-nous repéré une "consonance masculine" et une "dissonance féminine" internes à ces rapports.L’étude des processus d’intersignification pour rendre compte de la construction de tels rapports genrés au risque professionnel a montré que l’extension du champ d’intersignification est, elle aussi, différente entre conductrices et conducteurs ; champ étendu pour les unes, champ « limité » aux expériences professionnelles pour la plupart des autres, pouvant avoir des incidences sur l’attitude à l’égard du risque et/ou sur la santé psychique au travail.Pour autant, au-delà de ces différences genrées, c’est aussi des positions singulières à l’égard du risque, présentées par tel ou tel sujet au sein de chaque sous-groupe d’appartenance - hommes/femmes – que les processus d’intersignification des expériences de risque en différents domaines de vie peuvent éclairer ; la personnalisation ouvrant ici des perspectives qui – sans nier les effets d’une acculturation genrée, permet de les dépasser.Les résultats de cette thèse invitent à reconsidérer la place du risque professionnel dans le métier de conducteur de bus, en vue du développement des pratiques de prévention. Au-delà d’une variable objective liée à la situation de travail, le risque doit aussi être considéré dans sa dimension subjective – le rapport au risque -, construit au niveau individuel comme nous l’avons montré, mais aussi au niveau du collectif de travail, où il pourrait faire l’objet d’un travail spécifique dans le cadre d'une démarche de préventionIn the field of the social and occupational psychology, it is at the crossroads of two research themes - health at work and occupational risk - that our research is situated, with the aim of analysing, the as yet little-documented, issue of inequalities in health at work between men and women.Our thesis looks at a counter-stereotypical occupational integration for women - in this case, female bus drivers - to examine, firstly, whether it is possible to establish differences in psychological health between these female bus drivers and their male counterparts, and secondly, whether these differences can be linked to gendered relationships to occupational risk, which is omnipresent in this profession.This analysis is being conducted from the angle of a psychosocial approach to relationships between spheres of life, based on the model of plural socialisation developed in the LPS-DT Laboratory: the aim is to look beyond the subjects' professional sphere alone (by taking into account experiences of risk in other spheres of life) in order to understand both the construction of health at work and the construction of the relationship to occupational risk and their interrelationships.The clinical approach adopted for this research mobilizes several methodologies: observation of the activity in situation, on board the buses; a task of verbal association around the notions of risk and occupational risk; individual interviews (three per subject). This in-depth approach was applied to a sample of six bus drivers employed by the same transport company.Analysis of the data collected showed that the differences identified between men and women do not so much concern the level of psychological health at work as the processes by which it is constructed.We were also able to establish the existence of differences in the relationship to occupational risk, characterised on the basis of singular articulations between several of its dimensions (representation of risk; coping strategies with risk; risk-taking behaviour): we also identified a 'male consonance' and a 'female dissonance' within these relationships.The study of intersignification processes to account for the construction of such gendered relationships to occupational risk showed that the extension of the field of intersignification also differs between female and male bus drivers; an extended field for women, a field 'limited' to professional experience for most of the men, which can have an impact on attitudes towards occupational risk and mental health at work.However, beyond these gendered differences, it is also the singular positions towards risk, presented by this or that subject within each sub-group - men/women - that the processes of intersignification of risk experiences in different areas of life can shed light on; personalisation opens up perspectives here which – without denying the effect of gendered acculturation – make it possible to go beyond them.The results of this thesis invite us to reconsider the place of occupational risk in the bus driver's job, with the aim to developing preventive practices. As well as being an objective variable linked to the work situation, risk must also be considered in its subjective dimension - the relationship to risk -, constructed at individual level, as we have shown, but also at the level of the work group, where it could be the subject of specific work as part of a prevention approach
29
Boerema, Christina Fenna D. "The therapeutic relationship : a phenomenological study of occupational therapists' experience /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EDM/09edmb672.pdf.
30
Porter, Samuel William. "The occupational position of nursing and its relationship to medicine." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241430.
31
Button, Lori A. "Factors that moderate the relationship between occupational stressors and health." Thesis, Swansea University, 2004. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42433.
Анотація:
This study examined the factors that moderate the relationship between occupational stressors and health. Previous research has suggested that coping strategies and social support structures can alleviate the negative effect of occupational stress on health, Furthermore, despite the important advances made concerning social support, there is limited research examining the various aspects of support (i.e. source, nature, need and provision). This research examined the effect of proposed stress buffers, in particular the various aspects of social support, on the relationship between occupational stressors and health. Five hundred and thirty participants from three South Wales (UK) organisations were appraised in this study: 166 production-line workers, 290 health service employees and 74 governmental agency employees. A questionnaire was distributed within the organisations. It assessed the participants' coping strategies, social support, occupational stressors, job strain, psychological health and physical health measures. In contrast to prior stress research, coping strategies did not moderate the relationship between occupational stressors and health. However, the various aspects of social support were found to be both detrimental and beneficial to the relationship between occupational stressors and health levels. Specifically, co-worker support outside of work was the most influential and advantageous source of support. Additional questions arose as to the effect of proposed stress buffers on life stress, compared to job stress, and health. Overall, it was concluded that social support does buffer the relationship between occupational stressors and health, although the relationship is complex.
32
Ramafikeng, Matumo. "The prevalence of health risk behaviours among high school learners in the city of Maseru, Lesotho." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11238.
Анотація:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This study was the first of its nature in Lesotho. Engagement in health risk behaviours is a public health concern, due to the consequences thereof. Concurrent engagement in risk behaviours has severe consequences on health and occupational abilities of the youth. The aim of the study was to establish and document the prevalence of risk behaviours among high school learners in the city of Maseru, Lesotho.
33
Mwanga, Hussein Hassan. "The relationship between pesticide metabolites and asthma outcomes among women farm workers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10993.
Анотація:
Includes bibliographical references.Various studies have demonstrated an association between exposure to pesticides and adverse respiratory health outcomes including non-specific respiratory symptoms, rhinitis and asthma. Few studies have investigated the relationship between pesticide metabolites and asthma outcomes and only a limited number have explored mechanisms for allergic and non-allergic airway inflammation in individuals exposed to pesticides. A previous sub-study of this group reported an association between allergic airway inflammation as determined by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and low levels of whole blood cholinesterase among women farm workers. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between exposure to different pesticides (ascertained through pesticide metabolites concentrations in urine) and asthma phenotypes (based on respiratory symptoms, cytokine patterns and exhaled nitric oxide profiles) among rural women in the Western Cape Province.
34
Drew-Nord, Dana C. "Cardiovascular risk factors in career firefighters." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3359546.
35
Demou, Evangelia. "Nanoparticles and solvents : exposure, risk and life-cycle-assessments in occupational settings /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18189.
36
Swaen, Gerard Marius Henricus. "Epidemiological cancer mortality studies in occupational health examples, methods and risk assessment /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1989. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5478.
37
Suh, Joon Bae. "Financial industry security : managing occupational fraud risk in South Korean banking institutions." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2018. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/financial-industry-security(70606660-f89f-4ef2-84fb-05c5ce233267).html.
Анотація:
Banking institutions within the financial system are very vulnerable to insider threats and require special security management because of the severe negative externalities to society once they fail. In this regard, the research aimed to investigate the characteristics of occupational fraud and to devise effective anti-fraud strategies by comparing two different financial sectors (commercial banks vs community banking institutions) in South Korean banking industry. For that, the study narrowed the scope of analysis in terms of two core banking services and focused on the three variables of interest: 'gender', 'position' of bankers, and 'financial sector' of banks. Adopting a mixed method approach, the study administered two different questionnaires to more than 450 participants and conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with the bankers and counter-fraud experts in the financial industry. The study discovered evidence that 'position' and 'sector' play a more crucial role on occupational fraud than 'gender'. 'Position' had a significant effect on the characteristics of fraud in a sense that perpetrators in high positions at financial institutions were significantly associated with corruption, which caused more serious damage to the organization. In a similar vein, the 'financial sector' had a significant effect on the perceived risk of fraud and counter-fraud effectiveness. That is, the respondents in the community banking institutions had significantly lower awareness of the problem and control effectiveness than those in the commercial banks. Next, the study found important evidence that perceived 'opportunity reduction' was negatively associated with fraud occurrence in the banking industry. In addition, the study verified that the perception of an improved ethical culture was negatively associated with the frequency of occupational fraud. Simply put, if the bank employees agreed more that they had more elevated corporate culture, the frequency of occupational fraud was significantly lower in the institution. This implies that 'reducing opportunity' and 'developing anti-fraud culture' should be two axial measures when managing the risk of occupational fraud at financial institutions. Finally, a new counter-fraud model and a devised strategy were proposed based on the findings of the study, which encompasses comprehensive problem-oriented methods to manage occupational fraud risk in South Korean banking institutions.
38
Maloney, Susan Margret. "Occupational performance of collegiate high-risk drinking as a serious leisure hobby." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2008. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/3.
Анотація:
The purpose of this grounded theory qualitative study was to examine the experiences of college students who defined themselves as high-risk drinkers in order to understand the meaning and purpose that engagement in such a leisure occupation held for them. By examining the world of high-risk drinking, the study also sought to develop an understanding of the impact that high-risk drinking had upon psychosocial development during the college years. Individual open-ended interviews were conducted with four male and four female participants (aged 21 to 27). The data were analyzed by three analysts utilizing constant comparative procedures. The findings revealed an emergent grounded theory indicating high-risk drinking adhere to the serious leisure hobby framework developed by Stebbins (2007). As such, the participants had a long-term time investment with drinking, developed special skills through sustained effort, solidified a unique identity as a hobbyist, found deep meaning and purpose through the hobby, and performed the hobby within a unique and special world in concert with other hobbyists. Their high-risk drinking provided structure and a sense of belongingness within the larger university context. Further, the findings indicate that across time, facilitating factors catalyzed their engagement in the hobby, while the moderating factors became less influential. The participants also believed that their highrisk drinking will easily diminish post-graduation merely by changing their life role and context. iv Envisioning high-risk drinking as a serious leisure hobby, rather than a psychiatric or medical disorder, provides an alternative framework upon which prevention and intervention programming may be focused. Occupational therapist could provide an important health care role on campuses by assisting students to (a) understand the factors underlying the appeal of high-risk drinking, (b) understand the implications that a restricted range of leisure occupations may have upon their health, psychosocial development, and occupational identity, and (c) explore alternative health-producing leisure occupations.
39
LABAGNARA, DAVIDE. "Environmental and occupational risk assessment and management in tunnelling and underground projects." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2544372.
Анотація:
Construction is one of Europe’s biggest industries, providing jobs for nearly 13 million people. This represents nearly 8 % of the working population in Europe (only the public sector and retail employ more).
It is also one of the most hazardous industries. More construction workers are killed, injured or suffer health impairments than in any other industry, and one of the most critical section in the construction sector is the underground construction.
In particular the effect on workers’ health is of serious concern. It is difficult to be precise about the true scale of the health problem, but all studies indicate the problem is huge. Every year many thousands of workers suffer from work related diseases. These include musculoskeletal disorders, noise induced hearing loss, skin diseases, and other diseases as a consequence of exposure to noxious substances.
Additionally, the economic costs of poor safety and health are vast. One national study estimates that they typically account for up to 8.5% of a construction project’s costs.
The creation of underground space has significant impact on quality of life, working conditions, employment and environment. Innovative use of underground space will have a great impact. European Union policies include an upgrading of the Trans European road network (TREN), in order to improve interstate transport. This implies the construction of a significant number of tunnels (approx. 2100 km of tunnels will have to be constructed in Europe by the year 2030).
Underground space will be increasingly used to alleviate pressing problems that will confront the European society in the next 20 years: traffic congestion, increasing urbanization (mega cities), lack of space and pollution of air and water.
In Italy, the construction of rail and road tunnels through the Alps and the Apennines is very important in terms of connection and moreover, the requirements of transport systems, for civil use spaces and for innovative service networks is one of the reasons for the increase of underground works in urban areas more densely populated.
The hydrogeological, geological, operational and environmental criticalities as met in such geological structures can nevertheless require increased care in the aforesaid situations.
Projects under construction have further highlighted the importance of tunnels for the elimination of traditional surface, territorial and environmental constraints, but also for the necessary acquisition of consensus through the most comprehensive analysis and management of risks related to the effective fulfilment of such projects, in order both to meet the needs of the end users, and to preserve the dwellers and environmental safety conditions in terms of correct sustainable development.
The most important changes in such a point of view occurred since the end of the last century, and suggest the need of a more effective and comprehensive approach to the concept of infrastructure. For this purpose it is nowadays required a horizontal approach, whereby different disciplines (technical, structural, architectural, environmental, financial and occupational safety) can interact and mutually stimulate in order to face the complex issues of underground works project.
For these reasons, the designer's role becomes crucial to develop underground projects that respect a sustainable development approach; designer must know innovative and advanced technologies, materials and procedures, aimed at optimizing the economical, environmental and social development.
Even the public client, responsible for government priorities and objectives of the intervention, is fundamental for the orientation of the operational choices of designers and builders of infrastructures.
In fact, especially in the last decade, a number of guidelines and recommendations were issued by International, European and Italian authorities, the most effective of them based on the introduction of the prevention in the design phase and on a quality based risk management.
The design and construction of underground operations require by the Designer and Contractor/s a decision making based on multiple factors (environmental, technological, etc.) that have specific characteristics and particular criticalities, far more than other industrial contexts, since they are often characterized by considerable uncertainty in their definition during the development of the project.
In this context the Designer must identify the best option among several available solutions -which have different implications in terms of technical, operational, environmental and financial risks- while the Contractor/s must make a constant check on the preservation of design conditions, in order to control the validity of work and environmental safety requirements.
Furthermore, for maintaining the correct safety conditions, it is of primary importance the application of Hazard Identification Techniques referring to different design solutions, and the definition of suitable confidence limits in order to provide the work manager with suitable instruments to constantly evaluate the yard situation and to avoid the overcoming of the aforesaid limits.
The PhD research project has therefore to cover the most common criticalities encountered in tunnelling and underground works projects such as:
- the presence of pollutants, and in particular carcinogenic minerals, such as, for example, the crystalline silica, which is recognized class A1 carcinogen (carcinogenic certain to humans) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer -IARC- since 1997 (and reaffirmed by the same organization in 2011) and the types of fibrous silicate included in the formal definition of asbestos, which there is no discussion on the ascription to the class A1;
- the design and management of the construction yard: the presence of limited working spaces, the high concentration of high power machinery and the use of iterative work cycles, together with reduced time for the excavation, make mandatory the need to plan the interference among concomitant operations in order to prevent accident;
- the control of the safety conditions: it is of primary importance the application of Hazard Identification Techniques referring to the choice of suitable confidence limits in order to make available for the work manager the instruments to constantly evaluate the yard situation to avoid the overcoming of the aforesaid limits and referring to the choice of equipment and procedures to minimize accidents at work.
Taking into account the best available techniques, the principles of Quality and Prevention through Design approach, the PhD research has also set criteria for the identification and evaluation of the above mentioned criticalities in order to develop an expert system, finalized to make available an integrated system to optimize the economic, environmental and operational safety for the underground works activities in order to proceed rationally to choose the best solution.
40
Ding, Qian. "Regulatory tools for managing chemicals risk at the workplace." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127269.
Анотація:
This thesis focuses on exacerbating chemicals risk in workplaces under the background of rapid industrialization in developing countries. The overall aim is to investigate the development of regulatory tools which aim at minimizing the health risks from chemical substances in the workplace. The contents of the thesis are divided into three sections: the profile of occupational diseases in China (paper I), occupational exposure limits (paper II and III), and comparison between chemicals regulat ions in Europe and China (paper IV). Paper I presents an analysis of the development of occupational diseases in China between 2000 and 2010. The number of recorded cases of occupational diseases increased rapidly in China during this period and the majority of cases were attributable to dust and other chemicals exposures. Difficulties in diagnosis and inefficient surveillance are major impediments to the proper identification and mitigation of occupational diseases. Migrant workers are extremely vulnerable to occupational hazards. Paper II investigates the state of harmonization of OELs between twenty-five OEL systems in Europe and Asia. The majority of the investigated organizations declare themselves to have been influenced by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), and in many cases this can be empirically confirmed. However, large international differences still exist in substance selection and in the level of OELs among organizations. Paper III explores the setting of risk-based OELs on non-threshold carcinogens. Relatively few agencies set risk-based OELs. Differences exist in policy, both regarding the magnitude of risk considered as tolerable or acceptable and whether a general risk level or case-by-case substance-specific risk levels are determined. In regards to the level of the OELs both differences in science and policy contribute, and it was not possible to determine which has the larger influence. Paper III explores the setting of risk-based OELs on non-threshold carcinogens. Relatively few agencies set risk-based OELs. Differences exist in policy, both regarding the magnitude of risk considered as tolerable or acceptable and whether a general risk level or case-by-case substance-specific risk levels are determined. In regards to the level of the OELs both differences in science and policy contribute, and it was not possible to determine which has the larger influence. Paper IV systematically compares the regulation systems for chemicals in the EU and China in terms of substances covered, requirement on information, risk assessment and risk management. It shows that the European and Chinese chemicals legislations are remarkably similar.The differences are larger in terms of substance coverage and data requirements than in terms of risk assessment and management. Substitution of hazardous substances is driven more by updates of the EU regulatory system than of the Chinese system.QC 20130830
41
Angeles, Joy. "Estimating the burden of occupational bladder cancer in Ontario using the CAREX Canada database." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1391.
42
Yang, Wei. "Risk assessment of defined benefit pension schemes: an economic capital approach." Thesis, University of Kent, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594096.
43
Namazi, Jennyfer. "Tjänstepensionens värde - En riskjusterad jämförelse av avkastningen." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128523.
Анотація:
Pensionssystemet är uppbyggt på så vis att det är menat att arbetsgivaren ska betala in en del kapital till framtida pension, samtidigt som man själv ska spara en del kapital. Den allmänna pensionen, som utbetalas från Pensionsmyndigheten, motsvarar vanligtvis ca 50 % av den genomsnittliga bruttolönen som man haft under sin arbetskarriär. Arbetar man på en arbetsplats som inte är kollektivansluten, är arbetsgivaren inte tvingad till att betala in några pengar till pensionen. Som anställd är det upp till en själv att undersöka huruvida arbetsgivaren gör detta. Idag är det ca 2,5 miljoner personer som arbetar som privatanställda arbetare och är kollektivavtalsanslutna. För dessa personer betalas tjänstepensionen in från arbetsgivaren till valcentralen Fora. Pengarna placeras sedan hos AMF som förvaltar dom. Man kan som anställd även göra ett aktivt val och välja att pengarna placeras hos någon annan förvaltare. Pengar som är intjänade från 1 januari 2006 har den privata anställde rätt till att fritt flytta mellan de olika förvaltarna. Trots denna valmöjlighet är det ca 64 % av de anställda som genom passivitet har sina pengar hos AMF. Orsakerna kan vara många till varför man inte gör ett aktivt val för placering av dessa pengar då det kan påverka hur mycket pension man i slutändan kommer att få. Faktorer som skiljer dessa förvaltare åt, och som kan göra skillnad på pensionen, är avkastningen, risktagandet och avgifterna. I denna studie görs en jämförelse mellan de olika förvaltarna där avkastningen och risken är de två faktorer som behandlas. Med hjälp av aritmetiskt medelvärde har genomsnittliga kvartalsavkastningen för försäkringarna beräknats. Sedan har standardavvikelsen, Sharpekvoten och Modigliani-Modigliani-måttet används för att beräkna risknivån och den riskjusterade avkastningen. Resultatet visar att Folksam Liv är den mest lönsamma försäkringen att investera i med hänsyn till den riskjusterade avkastningen.The pension system is structured in such a way that the employer will pay a part of the uture retirement capital, while one ought to save some capital. Public pension, which comes rom Pensionsmyndigheten, represents only about 50% of average gross income as one had during their working careers. f you work in a workplace that is not connected to a work union, the employer is not obliged o pay any money for retirement. As an employee, it is up to you to examine whether the mployer does this or not. Today, approximately 2.5 million people are private sector employees and in a union. For hese people the employer pays a certain amount into the occupational pension which goes o the administrationcentral Fora. The money is then placed at AMF that manages them. The mployee can however make an active choice and choose the money to be invested with ny other manager. The private employee has the right to freely move money that is earned rom January 1, 2006, between the different managers. Despite this option, it is about 64% of the employees who through inaction have their money t AMF. The reasons can be many for not making an active choice for the placement of this oney but it could affect the amount of pension one will ultimately get. Factors that distinguish these managers, and that can make a difference for one's etirement, are return, risk taking, and charges. In this study, a comparison is made between he different managers where the return and the risk are the two factors considered. Arithmetic average has been used to calculate the average quarterly return for assurances. Standard deviation, Sharpe ratio and Modigliani-Modigliani measure are used to calculate he level of risk, and risk-adjusted returns. Then a comparison has been made between the different assurances. The result shows that Folksam Liv is the most profitable investment considering the risk- djusted return.
44
Wong, Eva Y. "Spontaneous abortion risk in women textile workers in Shanghai, China /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10947.
45
Ma, Shichao, and 马世超. "Stakeholder risk attitudes in safety risk management : exploring the relationship between risk attitude and safety risk management performance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210183.
Анотація:
A construction project requires a multitude of people with different skills and interests and the coordination of a wide range of disparate, yet interrelated, activities. Such complexity is further compounded by the unique characteristics of a project and many other external uncertainties. As a result, construction is subject to more risk than other business activities. In a risky situation, individuals or organizations perceive the situation in their own ways and behave differently to meet their own interests. Many researchers have asserted that divergent risk attitudes are sources of mismatched risk perceptions and inconsistent behaviors among project participants in different organizations, which can disturb proactive and consistent organizational activities. The research on risk attitude has, therefore, been advocated to exploring ways to consistently arouse people‘s cognition, affection, and behavior among stakeholders. However, previous research has been a widely misunderstood concept and remains a fragmented focus in the construction field. Evidence on the construction of risk attitude and how it manifests itself is unavailable. To date, prior researchers have suffered from an issue-oriented focus that has resulted in simplified models by studying single level of antecedents of risk attitude and consequences of management performance, rather than multi-level. Moreover, previous studies only focused on the direct relationship between risk attitude and management performance instead of providing a profound conceptualization of the indirect relationship between risk attitude and management performance or empirically exploring risk attitude‘s antecedents and consequences. The current study seeks to bridge this research gap.
Triangulation research is employed as an appropriate research methodology in which both qualitative and quantitative data collection are used to test the research propositions. The research plan draws upon ontology and methodological pluralism.
By adopting the Critical Incident Technique (CIT), coupled with an intensive literature review, one can explore the manifestation of risk attitude and its antecedents by analyzing critical incidents derived from preliminary interviews. Cognitive Motivation Theory (CMT) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) provide rationales to combine a processed view of risk attitude and the antecedents and management performance of individuals and organizations into a multi-level model of risk attitude. Responses to a questionnaire survey of 239 individuals nested in 61organizations were analyzed with a blend of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) to establish and examine the hypothesized relationships in the theoretical model. To capture the practical manifestation of risk attitude and its influence on management performance, case studies of two ongoing construction projects were performed.
The findings summarized from both qualitative and quantitative studies indicated that risk attitude diverged due to the multi-level influences of its antecedents on project participants, resulting in inconsistent risk perception and risk inclinations. Risk attitude has two levels of manifestation – an individual and organization level. Individual risk attitude manifests itself as cognition, affection, and behavioral inclination, while organizational risk attitude mainly shows up as managerial trust, formalization, an ambiguity of goals and objectives, and a merit system. The findings confirmed that motivated individuals tend to present more consistent risk attitude and be more willing to and capable of exhibiting good management performance. The motivation behind this study is beyond the traditional motivational means. It extends from internal motivation with its locus of control and self-efficacy to external motivation with its interpersonal exchanges, external controls, and observational learning. The risk attitudes of motivated people to evoke better management performance, especially in the process of integrating risk management into a safety management system and the outcome performance of a stakeholder‘s satisfaction and potential to organizations.
The research attempts to advance risk attitude theory by re-conceptualizing the antecedents of risk attitude and the consequences of management performance make the underlying theorizing mechanism explicit and testable. This study also provides practical indications of concrete interventions by managers to make risk attitudes converge and then strengthen safety risk management. The thesis contributes to multi-level analysis in the management research field and differentiates the different levels of participants in construction projects. Methodological pluralism and blended qualitative and quantitative research methods will be addressed to demonstrate the different and complementary perspectives of research. Due to limited samples, the generalizability of the findings in the different project types or across other levels needs to be further verified.published_or_final_version
Real Estate and Construction
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
46
Van, der Walt Viljoen. "Defining and mapping risk management." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/800.
Анотація:
Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Risk management is a widely used term meaning different things to people in different economic sectors. To some, it refers to auditing and, to others, it means Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), compliance or any risk management activity dominant in the user’s frame of reference. Risk management probably includes all these associations. Viewing this study field from different angles prevents the visualisation and grasping of the whole. Business schools do not lead the way in overcoming this fragmented study field, as an all-inclusive theory basis and course outline are not yet available. The whole is taken to be the complete answers to a list of very basic questions, namely who must do what, how, when and why, and what then. This introductory study starts with the what question. Risk management activities within a sample of companies from banking to mining and manufacturing were researched. The result is a proposed map of common risk types and sector or industry-unique risks dominant in a specific environment. Three risk management training programmes were evaluated to determine whether or not the basic questions are addressed: the UNISA Advanced Programme in Risk Management, the USB Programme in Risk Management and the Enterprise Risk Management Integrated Framework developed by COSO. These programmes were assessed to determine whether they address the practical risk management questions of who must do what, when and why, and what then. A combination of some of the strong points of the courses is proposed as a starting point for overcoming the theory gap.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Risikobestuur is ʼn algemeen gebruikte term wat verskillende dinge vir verskillende gebruikers beteken. Vir party verwys dit na die ouditfunksie, vir ander beteken dit beroepsgesondheid en -veiligheid, wetlike voldoening of enige ander risikobestuursaktiwiteit wat deel van ʼn persoon se verwysingsraamwerk vorm. Risikobestuur sluit waarskynlik al hierdie assosiasies in. Die benadering van die studieveld vanuit verskillende verwysingspunte maak dit egter moeilik om die studieveld as geheel te sien en te begryp. Bestuurskole neem ook nie die leiding om die gefragmenteerde aard van die studieveld te oorkom nie, want ʼn omvattende teoretiese grondslag en raamwerk is nie beskikbaar nie. Die geheel word geag te wees volledige antwoorde op ʼn paar basiese vrae, naamlik wie moet wat, wanneer, hoe en wat daarna doen. Hierdie inleidende studie fokus op die wat vraagstuk. Risikobestuursaktiwiteite in ʼn steekproef van firmas vanuit die bankwese, mynwese en vervaardigingsektor word ondersoek. Die resultaat is ʼn voorgestelde raamwerk van algemene asook omgewingsunieke risikosoorte. Drie risikobestuuropleidingsprogramme, naamlik UNISA se Gevorderde Sertifikaatprogram in Risikobestuur, die USB se Risikobestuursprogram en COSO se Ondernemingswye Risikobestuursprogram, is geëvalueer om te bepaal in watter mate hulle op die praktiese risikobestuursvraagstukke, naamlik wie moet wat, wanneer, hoe en wat daarna moet doen, ingaan. ʼn Kombinasie van die verskillende kursusse se sterkpunte word uiteindelik as beginpunt vir die oorbrugging van die gaping in die teorie voorgehou.
47
Clavio, Jenny. "The relationship between personality-environment congruency and educational and occupational satisfaction /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsc617.pdf.
48
Farshad, Ali A. "The relationship between occupational exposure, absorption and excretion of solvent vapours." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240981.
49
Van, Niekerk Melissa. "The relationship between occupational stress and locus of control among nurses." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29362.
Анотація:
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between occupational stress and locus of control, to analyse and investigate the nature of nurses’ work and to determine the sources of stress and how they influence the nurses’ work environment and personal lives. The Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire (WLQ) and Rotter’s 23-item scale were applied in a probability, simple random sample consisting of 302 South African nursing students and nurses currently employed in the private and public healthcare sector. Significant relationships were observed between the variables. Supporting evidence indicates that there is a negative correlation between occupational stress and locus of control. The results further indicate significant differences among the different locus of control orientations and the participants perceived level of stress; as well as a difference in the correlations between occupational stress and demographics such as marital status, working time and occupational level. Finally, the researcher was able to determine which stressors cause the highest level of stress among the participants. The findings should contribute valuable new information to the employee well-being literature and human resource management practices relating to employee assistance programmes, employee well-being and the retention of staff, especially in the healthcare sector. CopyrightDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Human Resource Management
unrestricted
50
Swanepoel, Jacquelene. "The relationship between occupational risk and labour relations in a tyre manufacturing company / Jacquelene Swanepoel." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12040.