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Дисертації з теми "Relations homme-animal – Moyen âge":
Berson, Bruno. "L'homme et l'animal en Islande au Moyen Age, 9e-14e siècles." Lille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL3A001.
Bobis, Laurence. "Le rapport entre l'homme et l'animal dans l'Occident médiéval : un animal exemplaire, le chat." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081251.
The history of domestic cat is badly known. It was brought during a long period into different parts of europa and especially british isles, from egypt where he was first domesticated. At the end of antiquity, the cat is implanted everywhere in western roman empire. On account of his exotic origin, it was not, for a long time, integrated to western culture and symbolic, even if it is part of fauna and man's immediate environment it was considered first and foremost as a mouser and clergymen were diffident of relationships between man and cat. From xiith-xiiith c. On, clerical and secular culture moralize and anthropomorphize animals and especially cats giving it a belittling image. In the same time, accusations are launched against heretics, and the devil appears as a cat. Belief in "ailouranthropia" seems peculiarly widely held, witches being said to fascinate and murder children. Cat has a very important place in imagination ; it is associated to women, death, and above all sexuality. Iconography of the cat, very numerous alter xivth c. , integrate these associations in a really symbolic system
Pauthier, Philippe. "Chasse, pêche, élevage et alimentation : archéozoologie des marges occidentales du Saint-Empire romain germanique, et orientales du Royaume de France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL015.
My work explores the relationships between man and animal, from the medieval period to the modern period, through the analysis of skeletal remains in Eastern France, in a castral and urban context. This work is based on the analysis of more than 90,000 animal bone remains found on archaeological sites. These remains come from mammals, birds and fish.The aim of my research is above all to draw up a picture of the meat diet of the wealthy sections of the population - the castral nobility or the rich bourgeoisie. The main themes concern the history of butchery, the techniques for processing meat and fish, culinary choices and prohibitions, supplying cities and social characterization through food practices. Possessions of animals as luxury goods, such as dogs constituting a hunting pack, or the importation of exotic animals, also come into play.These analyzes also make it possible to better understand the specialization of each site, and to compare these sites with each other for reflection on a regional scale. The zooarchaeological results are compared with the archaeological context in which they were discovered. The analysis of the faunal spectra obtained makes it possible to observe social distinctions through diet, as well as their evolution. Asking questions about these gaps over time also means checking the sustainability of these privileged social classes
Putelat, Olivier. "Les relations homme-animal dans le monde des vivants et des morts : études archéozoologique des établissements et des regroupements funéraires ruraux de l'Arc jurassien et de la Plaine d'Alsace : de la fin de l'Antiquité tardive au premier Moyen Age." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010600/document.
This archaeozoological study focuses on human-animal relations, from late antiquity (mid 3rd c.), until the end of the early Middle Ages (11th c.).It concentrates on the Jura Mountains and the plain of Alsace. These two neighboring geographic regions were communication corridors and riverine zones (Doubs, Saône, Rhône, Rhine), which belonged to different kingdoms and were inhabited by culturally distinct populations. Three inputs are used to analyze the osteological data: rural domestic contexts, rural funerary contexts, and mortality of cattle.-The first chapter presents the issue at hand, the physical, chronological and methodological data of the interregional research program (eastern France, western Switzerland, southern Germany). Chapter 2 considers 64 settlement sites and distinguishes them geographically, environmentally and socially. Approximately 146.000 bone remains for 87 taxa are assessed. Elements of synthesis are presented, regarding in particular evidence for food, livestock and hunting.- Chapter 3 considers 30 cemeteries containing animal bones. Symbolic objects, animal skeletons and grave goods are discussed and the findings are compared with other known sites within Gaul and the Germanic sphere. Chapter 4 is based on the study of cattle skeletons discovered at three different but closely situated sites. Whether these bovine graves evidence infectious disease mortality events is discussed. These burials are compared with similar cases from early medieval France and also discussed in relation to the written evidence for animal mortality events in the Middle Ages. Chapter 5 presents a general synthesis of the results of the thesis, in regards to contexts and animal categories. Appendices and lists of additional data follow
Birouste, Clément. "Le Magdalénien après la Nature : une étude des relations entre humains et animaux durant le Magdalénien moyen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20009.
The aim of this work is to bring new elements to our comprehension of human-animal relationships in one of the emblematic cultures of the European Upper Palaeolithic, the Middle Magdalenian of south-western France, through a two-pronged approach treating animal (and human) depictions and animal (and human) skeletal remains. Rigid naturalism, which presupposes an opposition between nature and culture, as well as the assumed universality of anthropocentrism, are limiting to this endeavor. These intellectual frames of reference confine the realms of investigation of both archaeozoology and the study of figurative art, impeding in part our ability to access the ways in which communities of the past apprehended their own environment. We concentrate therefore on theoretical postures that authorize the relativization of naturalistic ontology while all the same recognizing a diversity of ontologies.Our project is therefore an attempt to identify the specific ontological system of the Middle Magdalenian via its attributed archaeological remains – with the objective of determining the nature of human-animal relationship during the Middle Magdalenian. Philippe Descola’s model of four modes of identification seems to us to be the best adapted approach for such an enterprise, as it provides precise definitions that are easily employed.Middle Magdalenian parietal art focuses particularly on very specific distinctions, but also on the individuation of animals and their respective behaviours, seeming to bring out the depicted animals’ intentionality. Certain methods participate in the linking of these intentionalities: notably the parietal plan, the use of natural reliefs, and the way humanity is represented. A study focusing on skeletal animal remains from Middle Magdalenian sites shows that the general pattern of butchery operations and its supposed ritualization is particularly oriented towards animal individuality and subjectivity. This generalized butchery pattern of animals shows parallels with the treatment of certain human remains. In the two cases, a particular emphasis is seen in the minutia and intensity of procedures and an over-representation of skulls in habitat sites, indicating a relative equivalence between the status of humans and non-humans, as well as a desire to reduce the subjectivity of individuals via the transformation of forms. The intentions conveyed by these diverse practices – in parietal art, and in the treatment of animal and human remains – seem particularly representative of Descola’s animist mode of identification, and appear to be incompatible with other modes of identification, including totemism, which we often associate with the European Upper Palaeolithic. A globalized theme of animist bent appears, in which the individuation of humans as animals seems important, as is their linkage. Diverse forms of interaction between human and non-human individuals may have found their place in what appears to constitute a cycle integrating practices underlining the apparition and disparition of animal subjectivity
Dittmar, Pierre-Olivier. "Naissance de la bestialité : une anthropologie du rapport homme-animal dans les années 1300." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0117.
The medieval Christian approach to the animal was paradoxical. For the first time, the animal was largely excluded from official ritual: animal sacrifice was a thing of the pagan past, and Jewish dietary restrictions limited the consumption of certain creatures. But the animal figured prominently in medieval art and literature, and by the advent of the XIV th century, the animal's symbolic exploitation, along with its use as a source of food and material, followed the model of man's domination over the natural world, established by the Biblical precedence of Adam naming the animals. During the 1300s the conception of the animal underwent a profound change. Since Augustine, the animal world was structured by an opposition between 'pecus' and 'bestia', between grazing herbivores in the service of mankind and wild carnivores. While the former were considered edible, the consumption of the latter was informally forbidden. But with the emergence of literature in the vernacular and the rediscovery of Aristotle, this division gave way to a new conception of the animal that grouped together ail animate creatures -with the notable exception of man. Thus was born the modern sense of the term 'animal'. The invention of the animal profoundly changed how the individual was conceived, giving birth to the concept of 'bestialité', which gradually came to include any human behaviour deemed irrational. Images (i. E. The representations of hybrids, half-men, half-beasts) played a crucial role in the conceptual development of man's beastliness : they did not merely illustrate, but anticipate the work of theoreticians in shaping the concept of man's animality
Birouste, Clément. "Le Magdalénien après la Nature : une étude des relations entre humains et animaux durant le Magdalénien moyen." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20009/document.
The aim of this work is to bring new elements to our comprehension of human-animal relationships in one of the emblematic cultures of the European Upper Palaeolithic, the Middle Magdalenian of south-western France, through a two-pronged approach treating animal (and human) depictions and animal (and human) skeletal remains. Rigid naturalism, which presupposes an opposition between nature and culture, as well as the assumed universality of anthropocentrism, are limiting to this endeavor. These intellectual frames of reference confine the realms of investigation of both archaeozoology and the study of figurative art, impeding in part our ability to access the ways in which communities of the past apprehended their own environment. We concentrate therefore on theoretical postures that authorize the relativization of naturalistic ontology while all the same recognizing a diversity of ontologies.Our project is therefore an attempt to identify the specific ontological system of the Middle Magdalenian via its attributed archaeological remains – with the objective of determining the nature of human-animal relationship during the Middle Magdalenian. Philippe Descola’s model of four modes of identification seems to us to be the best adapted approach for such an enterprise, as it provides precise definitions that are easily employed.Middle Magdalenian parietal art focuses particularly on very specific distinctions, but also on the individuation of animals and their respective behaviours, seeming to bring out the depicted animals’ intentionality. Certain methods participate in the linking of these intentionalities: notably the parietal plan, the use of natural reliefs, and the way humanity is represented. A study focusing on skeletal animal remains from Middle Magdalenian sites shows that the general pattern of butchery operations and its supposed ritualization is particularly oriented towards animal individuality and subjectivity. This generalized butchery pattern of animals shows parallels with the treatment of certain human remains. In the two cases, a particular emphasis is seen in the minutia and intensity of procedures and an over-representation of skulls in habitat sites, indicating a relative equivalence between the status of humans and non-humans, as well as a desire to reduce the subjectivity of individuals via the transformation of forms. The intentions conveyed by these diverse practices – in parietal art, and in the treatment of animal and human remains – seem particularly representative of Descola’s animist mode of identification, and appear to be incompatible with other modes of identification, including totemism, which we often associate with the European Upper Palaeolithic. A globalized theme of animist bent appears, in which the individuation of humans as animals seems important, as is their linkage. Diverse forms of interaction between human and non-human individuals may have found their place in what appears to constitute a cycle integrating practices underlining the apparition and disparition of animal subjectivity
Частини книг з теми "Relations homme-animal – Moyen âge":
Dubois Morestin, Mélanie. "Conclusion. L’atelier de Jean Teisseire, un espace de relations, l’entreprise d’un homme d’affaires." In Être entrepreneur au Moyen Âge, 357–60. Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.septentrion.133065.
Campmas, Émilie, Patrick Michel, Fethi Amani, Sandrine Costamagno, Mohamed Abdeljalil El Hajraoui, and Roland Nespoulet. "Relations Homme-Animal au Pléistocène supérieur à Témara (grottes d’El Harhoura 2 et d’El Mnasra, Rabat, Maroc)." In L’Homme et l’Animal au Maghreb, de la Préhistoire au Moyen Âge, 159–73. Presses universitaires de Provence, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pup.62642.