Дисертації з теми "Relations extérieures – Espagne – 19e siècle"
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Aatif, Jamal. "La guerre de tetouan (1859-1860) et ses consequences generales sur le maroc." Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20055.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject treats of the war of tetouan between spain and morocco in 1859-1860. After the introduction, it was necessary approaching a historic general study on the town of tetouan from the 9th century until the 19th century basing on the principal stages that have put a mark on the history of the town. The first part (period before war) is divided in two principal chapter: the hispano-moroccan relations during this period, and the causes of the war. This study begins from the year 1830 until the date of the war (1859). These causes are limited into indirect causes breed the study of the general state of spain and different aspects. The direct causes are limited by some happened events which have led these countries to declare the war. The importance of the united kingdom in the period that preceeds the war being considerable, a little chapter has been consecrated to the study of a series of correspondences exchanged between spain and england, while a second chapter treats the attitude of the moroccan government. The second part that treats the war includes the compositions of the spanish and moroccan armies and is based on the major battles that took place between both parts. There are three stages of battles that end on the occupation of tetouan by spain. The third part treats the general consequences of the war in morocco: consequences on an economic, social and politic level, while analysing their different repercussions on the morocco. The conclusion is consecrated to the advantages of spain in this war
Abdeltif, Marroun. "L'affrontement entre européens et musulmans au sud de la Méditerranée occidentale aux XVe et XVIe siècle : l'échec de l'action ibérique au Maghreb." Lyon 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO3A001.
Повний текст джерелаBensalem, Boutaïna. "Les relations commerciales et diplomatiques entre la Grande Bretagne et le Maroc, XIXe-XXe siècle : des rapports complexes sous l'influence politique de la France, de l' Espagne et des pressions régionales." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30030.
Повний текст джерелаThe object of this thesis is to outline the economical and diplomatic relationship between Great Britain and Morocco during the 19th and 20th centuries based on different social, political and economical affairs marking their relations. Its aim is to also bring forth the British interest in Morocco in a very specific international context and how the British politics towards this North African country did not exclude commecial policy. The different aspects of the British preponderance in Morocco during this period of history are approached from a thematic and chronological context underlying the British diplomatic double language which toggled between interference and suggestion until withdrawal was chosen for strategic and political reasons. Based on a multitude of sources, the goal of this study is demonstrate the impact of Great Britain politics on the history of the Cherifian Empire by bringing light into the important role played by other European countries in the British political evolution towards this Mediterranean country
Ben, Bannour Ahmed. "L' image culturelle de l'Espagne chez un diplomate marocain de la fin du XVIIe siècle : ou la relation d'al-Wazir pour la libération du captif." Paris, INALCO, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INAL0019.
Повний текст джерелаMaquart, Marie-Françoise. "Le reseau francais a la cour de charles ii d'espagne : jeux diplomatiques de fin de regne -1696/1700-." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20022.
Повний текст джерелаVillerbu, Tangi. "Espace et nation : constructions françaises du récit de l'Ouest américain au XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://books.openedition.org/pur/6251.
Повний текст джерелаDuring a long 19th century, many Frenchmen narrated what happened in the American West. Travellers was looking for evidence of the birth of an American nation. Tourists visited the national(ist) parks, industrialized natural spaces. Others wanted to settle : migrants, narrated their failures and successes, missionaries could imitate Jesus Christ and die working for their faith. Fenimore Cooper's novels were read by everybody, but few scientists tried to know the West more seriously. Many failed to imagine the West could have been important to understand the American identity, but on the contrary some believed the nation born in the West. Nevertheless, most of the Frenchmen knew the West by what they could read in popular literature or see in the Wild West Shows. The American nation born in France, as it born in the United States or any other country. And the narrative of the West is in the heart of that process. It's the story of a region which had to become "normal", "American". The others have no right to live in the western memory. A counter-narrative existed, in mass culture or catholic writings, but it couldn't resist at the end of the 19th century. The West had to be "American", but it was created by the North, and not by the South, and only colonial trade bound it to the nation. The American nation born through the western story as a conquering, democratic and mainly nation created by settlers and cow-boys. Nevertheless, at the end of the 19th century, this herois West seems to disappear; the story seems to end. It is impossible to narrate the future West, so the "frontier" appear to narrate its glorious past
Bourdeu, Étienne. "« Le premier prince de l'Empire, le vote le plus sûr dont dispose Votre Majesté et sa Maison Royale » : les archevêques de Mayence et la projection espagnole dans le Saint Empire (milieu du XVIe siècle - milieu du XVIIe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0094.
Повний текст джерелаThis work intends to analyze some aspects of the Spanish projection in the Holy Empire during the 16th and the 17th centuries through the role of the archbishops of Mainz who also are territorial princes, arch-chancellors for the Empire and electors. The study begins when Emperor Charles V abdicates, an event that compels the Habsburgs in Spain and those in Austria to find a new way to organize their relations. First, Philip II goes on using the family and dynastic links that tie him to the emperor. Nevertheless, with Rudolph II's refusaI to consider Spanish wishes and with the beginning of the Flemish upheaval, the Catholic King has to build up a new net to increase his influence in the Empire. As a consequence, nets of clients are installed progressively and the archbishops of Mainz have a leading part in them: they keep contacts with ail of the princes in the Holy Empire and they can warn the Spanish King with the intelligence they collect, they have an influential role in the Electoral College where they can speak for the Catholic Monarch This alliance is possible thanks to the same definition of the Empire they share and it works until the last decade of the Thirty Years' War. Then, as the Spanish money arrives with a greater irregularity in the Empire and as discrepancies in the political objectives appear, the archbishops of Mainz leave the Spanish clientele and become closer advisors of the emperor
Haan, Bertrand. "Les relations diplomatiques entre Charles Quint, Philippe II et la France au temps de la paix du Cateau-Cambrésis (1555-1570) : l'expérience de l'"amitié"." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS009S.
Повний текст джерелаThe main purpose of this thesis is to contribute to a new definition of the nature of relationship between sovereigns during Modern Europe – usually considered as contemporary international relationship – through study of forms taken by diplomatic alliances. One term refers to links between princes when they are allied : “friendship”. A thorough analysis of language and political practice, based on diplomatic letters, is the best way to show all the aspects of this notion. When pragmatism gets first, a practical study was prefered to a purely theorical approach, considering reconciliation, then alliance during a decade between sovereigns who appear as out-and-out rivals, the Kings of Spain of France. As it appears in the middle of the 16th century, the friendship link is strongly familial and personal, which needs a permanently renewed engagement. “Friendship” has also its own rules. It supposes feelings must appear sincere and its engagement, honoured, as it is founded on a principle of reciprocity. Advising, giving information, affording military help, commiting no frontly hostile act, these are evidences mainly given by the two allies for they will to preserve the special relationship during the 1560’. In the end, “friendship” opens way to realizing ideals of medieval and modern Christendom : instauring global peace and restauring unity of faithThough it has a virtually limited impact and can’t exist without any interest of both parts, “friendship” between princes, in its principle, in a subtle but fundamental way is not an alliance between States
Fé, Canto Luis Fernando. "Oran (1732-1745) : les horizons maghrébins de la monarchie hispanique." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0099.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses above ail on the second era of Hispanic presence in Oran, during the years 1732-1745 to be more precise. It was during these years that the administration of King Philip V wanted to restore the system of life of old Oran. This will of restoration is the source of a historiographical questioning on the role of this town in the politics of the Spanish empire in the modern period. The analysis of this problem has allowed the criticism of the pertinence of certain concepts closely linked until now, to the history of these Spanish towns on the coasts of the Maghreb. The main concept is one of "Iimited occupation", used by F. Braudel. To which, the concept of "military revolution", made popular especially by G. Parker is associated. The criticism of these two notions proposes a more general framework for reflection on the history of the relations between Spain and the Maghreb from several axes: military history, political history and social history. From this critical comparison on different periods, new light is shed on Oran: a town at the heart of Mediterranean and imperial interests of eighteenth century Spain; a town with links to the Muslim population of the Oran region through negotiations with the Arab tribes and the use of targeted violence. After the conquest of Oran again in 1732 the Crown wanted to restore this system but certain structural changes such as the plague, the economical crisis and the war held back this wave of restoration in which social groups from old Oran were placed: the familias de Oran, the moros de paz and the mogataces
Loureiro, Marcello José Gomes. "Iustitiam Dare. A Gestão da Monarquia Pluricontinental : Conselhos Superiores, pactos, articulações e o governo da monarquia portuguesa (1640-1668)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0149.
Повний текст джерелаAfter the restoration of december 1640, the theme of government by the councils (or courts) was recurrent in the administration of the portuguese monarchy. Therefore, it has become a matter of great debate in the literature. The main purpose of this thesis is to show the importance of government by councils in the portuguese monarchy and to link this model of deliberation to the idea of agreed monarchy. The studied period were the years following december's restoration
Brogini, Anne. "Malte, frontière de chrétienté (1530-1670)." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE2016.
Повний текст джерелаIn the 16th and 17th centuries, the island of Malta, which was property of Spain entrusted to the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, became the privileged site of confrontations between the Christian and the Moslem shores. After striking military events (raid of 1551, siege of 1565) and intensive fortifications (the building of La Valette), Malta became at the end of the 16th century the embodiment of the borderline between Christianity and Islam. During the following century, Malta came out as a border island where increased privateer warfare kept up conflicts against the "infidels" and helped the emergence then the development of trade contacts with the enemy on the other shore. At the same time, trade and human exchanges were constantly counterbalanced by the Roman Inquisition keeping a close watch on the society in the island. This balance has contributed to the shaping of an original society that was cosmopolitan and at the same time strongly hostile to any religious difference
Condado, Madera Emilio. "Les espagnols et les Cent Mille Fils de Saint Louis à l’époque de l’expédition française de 1823 en Espagne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0594.
Повний текст джерелаIn 1823, the military intervention of France, acting in the name of the Holy Alliance, put an end to the constitutional regime and re-established Ferdinand VII on the throne. From the outset, this new Spanish War was not without its strongest supporters : only ten years after Napoleon's disastrous adventure in the Peninsula, how would the Spaniards, who had risen up in unison against the Emperor, react? Would their Anti-French sentiment drive them to take up arms again and wage the terrible guerrilla warfare that had wreaked such havoc on the French ranks? While the Duke of Angouleme was making progress in Spain, the royalist newspapers were full of praise for these Frenchmen who had come to liberate their king and, attributing all the military and moral qualities to them, sang a more than cordial understanding that was immediately established between the subjects of Ferdinand VII and the soldiers of Louis XVIII. Beyond the rhetoric reflected in official statements and the press, what was the reality? Were the French, who had been hated in the previous conflict, really welcomed as heroes by the Spaniards? The reaction from the Regency to the provisions promulgated at Andujar by the Duke of Angouleme, suggests that the understanding between the supporters of Ferdinand VII and the French high command was probably not as cordial as it was made out to be. As for the fraternisation of the Spaniards with the French troops, was it as effective as it has been suggested? It is to all these questions, sometimes raised but never really treated by historians, that this thesis aims to answer
Nakashima, Peruani San Roman Roxana. "Corsarios ingleses en la América española. 1567-1618 : expansión ultramarina, conflictos religiosos y circulación de la información." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0032.
Повний текст джерелаWe present new perspectives to analyze the English corsairs that travelled to America in order to better understand the hostile relationship that was established between the Spanish and the English crowns during the last decades of the sixteenth century. In this context, diverse English expeditions arrived to the American coasts with the aim of promoting commerce, but also to take over the wealth of the New World that the Spaniards were enjoying without sharing. English noblemen, merchants and adventurers that participated in those travels were called "corsairs" or "pirates" in the Spanish sources. We will study them as the pioneers of the English overseas expansion, as the enemies of the powerful empire of Phillip II, as propagators of the religious reformation, and as agents of the circulation of information. We attempt to understand the role that the English corsairs in Spanish America had for the life of the colonies, for the organisation of the Iberian empire's defence (material and spiritual) and for the English expansionist projects. We will work with différent sources, especially documents from the Spanish administration as informations of merits and services, and declarations of English prisoners in front of civil, military and ecclesiastical authorities. We will also consider the printed textual products that originated from the English experiences in America, most particularly the collections of travel accounts by Richard Hakluyt
Lloret, Sylvain. "Entre princes et marchands : les agents généraux de France à Madrid dans les interstices de la diplomatie (1702-1793)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL069.
Повний текст джерелаBetween 1702 and 1793, eleven men held the position of general agent of the Navy and Trade of France in Madrid. Acting without any official status, these envoys of the Secretary of State of the Navy were the centerpiece of a French informative network in Spain. Created after the advent of the Bourbon Philip V to the Spanish throne, these experts, keystone of the French consular network in the Peninsula, put their economic competence at the service of a commercial alliance between both monarchies. Their action, social surface, knowledge of Spain and discourse, helped these intermediaries seize a function with blurry outlines. Men of the shadow under the orders of the French ambassador, they acquired such a dimension that they became the true artisans of a Franco-Spanish commercial diplomacy in the eighteenth century. These go-between rise the matter of the growing interactions between trade and diplomacy. The study tends to show how these hybrid figures were perfectly in between several worlds : France and Spain on the one hand, trading and the political sphere on the other. Informants, negotiators and mediators, these agents encourage us to question the path that led from information to negotiation. Thus, what is at stake in this study is to show how these men, actors of the interconnection of the two monarchies, drew the frame for a specific dialogue which aimed to fill the interstices between the realities of the field and the more political debate between governments
Delaunay, Jean-Marc. "Des Palais en Espagne : l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes hispaniques et la Casa de Velasquez au coeur des relations franco-espagnoles au 20e siècle, 1909-1979." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010533.
Повний текст джерелаThe history of the two french cultural institutes in spain is not only symbolic of the scientific and artistic attraction exerted by spain but also of the need to curb the influence of other foreign powers. The experience proved difficult since there were six different political regimes during the seventy years in question. Furthermore, the existence of those institutes was threatened when the buildings were destroyed during the spanish civil war, but had constantly been at stake since they were controlled by three different bodies - the bordeaux university, the french ministry of education and the academy of fine arts in paris - whereas spanish authorities just behaved as mere disinterested observers
Arboit, Gérald. "Aux sources de la politique arabe de la France : le Second Empire au Machrek." Strasbourg 3, 1999. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/1999/ARBOIT_Gerald_1999.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe Arab policy of the Second Empire in the Mashriq was above all the fruit of the personal ideas of Napoleon III, the general history and the foreign policy orientations of France between 1850 and 1870. These foundations laid the framework for the geopolitical action of the regime. The Emperor’s general perception of the East didn’t place this region at the center of his concerns. Only the Christian question led him wanting to follow the Napoleonic heritage of the Egyptian expedition. Its action was based on two axes. One concerned the Christian protectorate of France, threatened by Russia and the European powers, as by inter-community antagonisms in Syria and Arabia. The other took support on the Suez Canal, commanding the role of France in the revival of Egypt, but also in its establishment in the Red Sea and in the Arab-Persian Gulf. On this occasion, France began to develop a new diplomatic weapon, the export of capital
Sánchez, Albarracín Enrique. "La Convergence hispano-américaniste de 1892 : Les rencontres du IVe Centenaire de la découverte de l’Amérique." Paris 3, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00177147.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis, rooted in the history of cultural relations between Europe and Latin America, analyses the concept of Spanish-America as it emerged in Spain in 1892 at the time of the 4th centenary of the discovery of America. Seventy years after its colonial empire had collapsed, in the shadow of the 1st Pan-American Conference (1889-90) in Washington and the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair, which proclaimed the United States’ dominance over the American continent, Spain organised a celebration intended to revitalise the ties of a transatlantic Spanish-American community founded on a shared language, history and cultural heritage. Officialdom and the professional middle classes joined forces to mount a commemoration that was a kind of quest for an image lost in a mirror, the reflections of which, scattered throughout a series of nationwide ceremonies, congresses and exhibitions, seem to express the mood of a nation seeking to retrieve the feeling of its own existence. Through the looking glass, the Latin American republics were by then in search of international alliances. Their political independence seemed solidly established, but the conquest of genuine cultural independence was still for them at an embryonic stage, requiring a rethinking of their Spanish heritage. In this context of an unprecedented confluence of generations arose the cultural confrontation this study seeks to highlight, disclosing the convergence feeding into the 1892 Spanish-American debate, the real and speculative extensions of which still to this day pervade relations between Spain and Latin America
Coulon, Damien. "Barcelone et le grand commerce d'orient au moyen age. Un siecle de relations avec l'egypte et la syrie-palestine (1330-1430 environ)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010702.
Повний текст джерелаLin, Li-Rong Marianne. "La question chinoise du Second Empire à la IIIe République." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010281.
Повний текст джерелаDelaunay, Jean-Marc. "Méfiance cordiale : les relations franco-espagnoles au début du XXe siècle (1899-1914)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010523.
Повний текст джерелаDallet, Françoise. "Les premières relations diplomatiques entre la France et l'Argentine d'après les marins français." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100126.
Повний текст джерелаThe first diplomatic relations between France and Argentina were created by French merchants, as from 1819. Some of them settled in Buenos Aires, but Argentina, which had only recently shaken off the Spanish yoke, was a young republic, still subject to internal conflicts to which the French residents often fell victim. They called for the protection of a French representative, but the creation of such a post would have implied that France recognized the independence of the former Spanish colonies. King Louis 18 has refused in order to preserve the family pact between the two countries whereby they were committed to safeguarding their respective interests. It was not until 1825 that a commercial agent was appointed, and in the meantime, considering the means of communication avaible at the time, naval officiers inevitably came to exercise the role of ambassadors. Not until 1830, and the accession of louis-Philippe, did France officially recognize the argentine republic. Diplomatic relations had only just got underway when France found itself involved in the internal struggles of Argentina which intended to recruit French residents in order to reinforce its own inadequate troops. The first diplomatic relations were thus a failure for the French who, despite blockading Buenos Aires in 1838, did not manage to overthrow Rosas, the argentine dictator who was tyrannizing French nationals
Beausoleil, David. "Les relations croato-slovènes (1867-1918)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010650.
Повний текст джерелаFarré, Joseph M. "Emigration et commerce entre la Catalogne et l'Amérique latine (1778-1866) : recherches sur le trafic maritime, les marchandises et les hommes." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100014.
Повний текст джерелаVerneuil, Christophe. "La Belgique entre la France et l'Allemagne de 1830 à 1914 : diplomatie et stratégie." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040131.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis of contemporary history deals with the evolution of the relations between three European states from 1830 to 1914: Belgium, France and Prussia then German empire. How Belgium, independent from his revolution of 1830 and European treaties of 1839, fits into the European accord between the great powers during the 19th century? Belgium, from the independence, indeed during the Dutch government of the kingdom of Netherlands, is under attention of the five European great powers: the Belgian state is a master piece of European balance. Buffer-state between France and Prussia then Germany after 1871, Belgium is too the area of their political, strategic, economic and cultural rivalry: both of them search to attract Belgium to self and warp the neutrality in his favor. Many crisis draw European accord's and Belgian’s attention between 1830 and 1914: the orient's crisis of 1840, which is the first occasion for the Belgian to define their foreign policy based on a strict neutrality, the French attempts of customs union of 1842, the revolutions of 1848, the ambitions of the second empire, the war of 1870, and the tension between France and Germany from 1871 to 1914. The Belgian themselves trust international treaties of 19th April 1839 and fairness of great powers, and worry only during some European crisis, especially before the first world war
Fumex, David. "L'influence de la France au Danemark de 1799 à 1871." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040093.
Повний текст джерелаBetween 1799 and 1871, Denmark and France, belonging to the same European entity, experienced the same political and cultural currents (movements). The affirmation of national and liberal feeling in Europe provokes the awakening followed by the assertion of danish identity in regard to its contact with other cultures. Thus France, a great European power, stamps its mark on Denmark. This French influence results from the choice made by the Danish. The latter find new references in France which they re-use in order to affirm the Danish identity in gestation. This way, France participates in the forming of a new national and liberal Denmark. However, the 1864 defeat resulting from a national war against Germany provokes a crisis wthin this identity. Denmark is then affected by new current which lead to the definition of a new danity, more receptive to Europe. By introducing to Denmark the realism of French inspiration, Georg Brandes opens up his country to a new French influence
Poujol, Catherine. "Boukhara, Khiva, Kokand et la Russie de 1700 à 1840 : aspects d'un contact pré-colonial à travers l'expérience russe du voyage." Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030033.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this work is to examine the procedure of contact between the khanates of boukhara, khiva and kokand during the pre-colonial period. The first part is devoted to survey the local documentation and to present the russian corpus of travels and expeditions that will constitute the main basis for further analysis. After having described all the factors that determine the nature of the contact that will occured between russia and central asia, the attention will be focused on the setting of a tradition of a double mistrust between them. Did the ouzbek societies neglect the russian threat or did they clearly choose not to provide themselves the means for understanding it ? The russians had a chance to accumulate a unique experience about the central asian states before submitting them. Did the central asian populations learn something about the russians out of the pre-colonial contact ?
Lê, Van Chiên. "Les frontières de l’Indochine : l’enjeu majeur des relations franco-siamoises (1858-1907)." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2032.
Повний текст джерелаIn the 19th century, faced with the ambitions of the Western Powers, especially France and England, the Kingdom of Siam (Thailand today) made significant reforms and opened up to Western countries in the form of trade treaties. At the same time, the Siamese were looking for ways to expand their territory to the east and south of Indochina, where they had to face the territorial ambitions of the French. Since 1858, France had gradually settled in Vietnam and notably in the south of the country (1859), which became Cochin- China (1862). The Treaty of Saigon was signed on June 5, 1862. France not only tried to conquer or control the whole of Indochina but also the neighbouring countries, Cambodia and Laos, which were, at the time, Siamese protectorates. It is the reason why France was confronted with the power of Siam in Indochina. Both disputes and negotiations took place. Treaties and conventions were signed between France and Siam, but the conventions were on an unequal footing (Treaty of 1893, Convention of 1902 and 1904, and Treaty of 1907, of 1909. And during four decades (1867-1907) the texts signed clearly tipped the scales in favour of France
Mercier, Laurent. "La Tchécoslovaquie des français : conceptions et représentations des pays tchèques et de la Slovaquie par les français de la Troisième République." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100101.
Повний текст джерелаJoint-Daguenet, Roger. "La politique britannique en Mer Rouge et dans le golfe d'Aden au XIXe siècle : le rôle d'Aden, 1839-1869." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10034.
Повний текст джерелаGontcharova, Tatiana. "La Russie vue par les diplomates français (1814-1848)." Paris, EPHE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPHE4001.
Повний текст джерелаThe main concern of this work has been to analyse the image of the Russian Empire as expressed in the political correspondence sent from Saint-Petersburg by the French ambassadors there and other members of their staff. The first part is a description of the French diplomatic and consular network in Russia. It provides a biographical dictionary of all French agents involved. The second part gives an account of the ups and downs of the political relationship between the two powers, from two different points of view: the attempt of Russia to control French internal politics; and the converging or conflicting approach of both countries in international affairs, especially in the Middle east and South Eastern Europe. The last part reflects the views of our French diplomatic observers as to the hidden realities of the dreadful mysterious empire in the East. In the end, one might understand better what made it difficult for France and Russia to be friends at the time and why they were doomed to drift away from one another in the following period
Baud, Berthier Gilles. "Le commerce entre la Grande-Bretagne et la Chine, 1840-1900." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040086.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of phd thesis is to evaluate the share of china in the foreign trade of great-britain during xixth century. This study goes from the access of free-trade to governmental ideology, until the adoption of imperialism because of international economic competition. The thesis is divided in two parts. First, datas have been extracted from parliamentary papers. They are based on customs revenues reports, and their treatment lakes the variations of calculation and of units of money into consideration. They are completed by a full range of charts and diagrams. The statistical datas give annual general andper items imports, exports and reesports, from 1815 till 1900 : - of global trade of great-britain - trade between great-britain, india, china and hongkong. Second, commentaries on datas deal with questions of british commercial policy, business context in china and the results of british trade with asia
Jerad, Rahma. "L'expansion américaine au prisme de Cuba : esclavage, abolition et rivalités internationales, 1836-1860 : une histoire culturelle et diplomatique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070005.
Повний текст джерелаIn the two decades that led to the Civil War, the proslavery southern ideologues regarded Cuba as the model of a prosperous society where slavery was a widespread and thriving institution. This model society, so close to the southern states, both on a geographical and on an economic level, thus became the focus of their interest. But, this interest in the island of Cuba was not limited to the South, nor to the twenty years preceding the Civil War. It is certain indeed that the US interest in the island dates back to the very first days of the Union, but that historians have usually been more interested in the period of Manifest Destiny because that is when the Union was the most active in its attempts to take control of the island and integrate it to its territory. The aim of the present thesis is thus first to trace back the origins and the reasons of US interest in what was often called the Perl of Antilles. Then, it is to replace this expansionnism in a larger international context in order to show that this interest was motivated not only by the national expansionist ideology but also by a wider range of international actors, events and elements, among which slavery, slave trade and their abolition by Great Britain are central. The purpose is then to emphasize elements that were often ignored by US historiography and give a more prominent place to the role played by the Cubans in this expansionist movement. By using American, Cuban and British sources, travel accounts as well as diplomatic sources, it will nonetheless appear that this annexationist desire was a complex phenomenon, due to Americans1 ambiguous feelings, to be sure their increasing racism, towards their Hispanic neighbours. This dissertation then uses the concept of Atlantic history, and can be regarded as forming part of the transatlantic study of slavery, a paradigm that, since the early 1990s, has renewed research on slavery in the Americas. And through the use of various, multinational sources it seeks to give a more balanced and hopefully a more complete history of the period
Lakhssassi, Mohamed. "Des rapports franco-marocains pendant la conquête et l'occupation de l'Algérie (1830-1851)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010707.
Повний текст джерелаLuque, Sanchez Antonio. "Développement et insertion internationale de l'économie espagnole." Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE21027.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis defended in this work establishes that the spanish economic development, due to historical and political reason, could only be of dependent type. In order to explain and to demonstrate this thesis, the conditions of the spanish economic development since the spanish civil war (1939), have been analysed. This has been done after having specify in the introduction, the concepts of dependency and economic nation. In the first chapter, we analyse the autarkical model, its limits its contradictions. These ones lead to an economic opening. The economical policy that followed is the resul of political struggles and social ideas. Chapter 2 deals with the industrialization in the sixties this one enables to understand the structural sources of the economic dependency. Chapter 3 analyses the policies aiming to overcome the crisis effects. During this period, the strategical choices of the spanish capitalism was translated into an acceleration of the process of european integration from this period, the regulation mode changes. The economic policy applied leads to a passive internationalization of the spanish economy. Chapter 4 presents the problem of the balance of payments. The reasons of the chronic deficit of the balance of trade and the impossibility of an automatic readjustment of it are analysed. Finally, chapter 5 shows how the deficit of the balance of trade and the inadequacy of the technological sector in spain reinforce the economic dependency
Santos, Monteiro Claudio Antonio. "France et Brésil : de l'Empire à la République (1850-1891)." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR30003.
Повний текст джерелаBased on sources of information from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs cross-referenced with the Parisian press of the time and the output of its journalists and collaborators, this work aims at studying and analyzing the origins and periods of time that permitted to create, in France, an image of the Imperial state, of the role of dom Pedro II as head of state, and of Brazil as a Nation in its formative years. The construction of an imperial memory in the years 1850-1891 creates an image of the Empire, in opposition to the parallel construction of a republican future (1889). This work focuses on the production of the signifieds Empire-Republic, locating the contentions around their representations and expressing the diversity of viewpoints contained in these constructions. This work is a compilation of the memory and of the discourses and representations related to the monarchy of dom Pedro II, as they existed in the heart of monarchic and republican France, gleaned from diplomatic sources of information cross-referenced with works and articles written by French and Brazilian writers and collaborators in the Parisian press. In brief, our wish is to examine the construction of the discourses that have acted upon political practices and which allowed for the maintenance and strengthening of the political relationship between France and Brazil under the Empire of dom Pedro II
Montes, Jérôme. "La sécurité à l' ère post-bipolaire : le cas de la France et de l' Espagne." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10061.
Повний текст джерелаThe collapse of bipolar system deeply transformed the analytical framework of international relations. It calls for rethinking the concept of security in a broader sense, beyond its simply military and state dimensions. This thesis aims at outlining what is at stake in the French and Spanish processes of adaptation to this new context
Barrier, Virginie. "De l'Empire britannique au Commonwealth des Nations : le sens de la question de Rhodésie." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040039.
Повний текст джерелаThe Rhodesian Crisis was characterised for more than seventy years by ambiguous relations between the mother country and one of her colonies. Put into historical perspective it shows that the issue was marked by the nature and evolution of the British imperial idea. Rhodesia was a 'non-typical' colony. Since London considered Rhodesia as a Dominion, the Rhodesian Government was able to institute a political system based on racial segregation. At the same time, the interests of natives in the administration of the Colonies had become the core of the imperial idea. The institutionalisation of the Commonwealth of Nations was affected by Rhodesia's inability to carry out a post-colonial transition, as it was torn between white nationalism and imperial decolonisation
Louvier, Patrick. "La puissance navale et militaire britannique en Méditerranée (1840-1871)." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040087.
Повний текст джерелаCornaille, Alain. "Le Pouvoir shogunal à travers la correspondance politique de Duchesne de Bellecourt." Paris, INALCO, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INAL0003.
Повний текст джерелаSekpon, Adoukonou Paul. "L'interprétation des traités passés entre la France et l'Afrique de l'Ouest : les royaumes de Danhomé et de Porto Novo, 1850-1920." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D007.
Повний текст джерелаAmine, Mohamed. "Commerce extérieur et commerçants d'Alger à la fin de l'époque ottomane (1792-1830)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10038.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this research work is to make a study of the social-economic situation of the town of algiers at the eve of 1830, and this from algerian and french archives. We have focused on three important themes: firstly, the external trade of algiers with its different dierctions (europe, near east "mashriq", maghrib), which bears the litle: the geography of exchange. In its trade with these three poles, europe comes in the first place followed by the mashriq and finally the maghrib. Secondly, the trade techniques and practices, such as the diversity of currencies and weight and measures in use, charter certificate, the use of recognition signs, the different types of trading establishments etc. As well as techniques and practices found in other trading places of the mediterraneen, such as marseilles, livorno, tunis, sfax, alexandria. . Thirdly, the traders as trade actors. They are divided into three groups of unequal importance. The muslims who, after having played a marginal role in the trade of their town with the out side worls, have imposed themselves at the eve of 1830. The jews who, after having been leaders of this trade thanks of the help of the deys with whom they had relations of personal interest, have lost this backing as from 1805, but still held part of their commercial force. Finaly, the europeans, headed by. .
Triaud, Jean-Louis. "Les relations entre la France et la Sanûsiyya (1840-1930) : histoire d'une mythologie coloniale, découverte d'une confrérie saharienne." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070031.
Повний текст джерелаThis study draws from three different spheres : islamic history, african history, and colonial history. At the center is the muslim brotherhood which appeared in mecca about 1837 and which bears the name Sanûsiyya, after its founder Muhammad Al-Sanusi, an algerian born near Mostaganem in 1787. The brotherhood, at first, was a missionary organization which preached islam to the most impoverished nomads and created zawiya-s (lodges) in inhospitable lands. After 1900, the movement organized a determined resistance against the colonial powers, France and Italy in particular. By a careful use of arabic sources and attention to the internal coherence, changing strategies and different social functions, the author seeks to explain this veritable "multinational" islamic society in which indigenous people of the Maghreb, the Hijaz, and some Sudanic countries, worked side by side. No other brotherhood was ever the object of such intense and enduring hostility from the french administration and popularizers. The fear of Sanûsiyya, the denunciation and finally the open struggle against this brotherhood have created a special chapter of colonial history. The author has looked for the reasons behind such a treatment. Finally, the sanusiyya, although launched in mecca, belongs to african history. In the period of the greatest expansion, it involved all of the central and eastern Sahara, from the Nile to the Ajjer, from southern Tunisia to lake Chad. The author has consistently featured the subsaharan
M've, Gaëlle. "Migrations des Africains subsahariens vers l'Espagne (1985-2008)." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20016.
Повний текст джерелаFor so long Spain had been a country of emigration but since the 1990s it has become one of the favourite destinations of Sub-Saharan Africans. Senegalese, Malians, Congolese, Central Africans, Nigerians, Ghanaians, Guineans, Ivoirians and so forth undertake the journey by “patera” or “cayuco” in order to reach the Spanish borders via various itineraries among which Morocco remains the main transit country. Since Spain was not prepared for permanent settlement of foreigners on its territory, between 1985 and 2008, the country had to start adapting its legislation to the new realities related to this phenomenon. With the "Ley de Extranjería" of 1985, Spain regulates the stay of foreigners and with the Organic Law 4/2000 social integration of foreigners is addressed for the first time even though in its implementation, the PP and PSOE have slightly different policies. As far as the PP is concerned, it is a policy focusing on security issues and tightened border controls, whereas the PSOE focuses on the rights and welfare of migrants already living in Spain. The adoption of the "Africa" plan (2006-2008) heralds a new diplomatic perspective of Spain in Africa. Moreover, NGOs, associations and even the Spanish government are committed, each in its field of competence, to the process of integration of black Africans in Spain. Nowadays, this phenomenon puts Spain in partnership with Africa in the economic, social, and political fields
Foucrier, Annick. "La France, les Français et la Californie avant la ruée vers l'or (1786-1848)." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0005.
Повний текст джерелаThe relationships of france, the french and california from 1786 (when laperouse called at monterey) to 1848 (the annexation by the united states) are studied from economical, social, cultural and political viewpoints. The french first came to california to trade sea otter furs, to be sold in china, then to buy supplies for whalers or for the french steelements in the marquesas and tahiti islawds. These travelers described the missions, built by the spanish beginning in 1769 to convert indians, and after the mexican independence, they observed the secularization of mision lands which turned california into a cattle breeding country, divided into large ranchos. Being situated at the borders of the spanish, russian and english empires, california held a strategic place, and its harbors were coveted by the united states. From 1836, france too was interested in the future of california, and in 1842 a french consulate was created at monterey. The complex play of the maritime powers in the 1840s ends in 1848 with the annexation of california by the united states. Several chapters deal with the french who lived in california, their origins (social and regional), their trades, their integration and their participation in the political life of the country
Budeeb, Zeddan. "Les relations diplomatiques entre la régence de Tripoli et la France (1711-1832)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10048.
Повний текст джерелаContacts have existed between europe and tripoli for several centuries. As to relations with france, it is not until the 17th century that tripoli signed their first treaty. In effect stable and peaceful relations were only established between the two countries after the repeated presence of french squadrons off the coast of tripoli and the occurence of bombardements. France nominated its' first consul in 1630 in order to survey its' national and commercial interests. The consul was to progressively gain the status of a fully diplomatic agent. Relations between france and tripoli did not necessarily run parallel to its' relations with constantinople especially after the coming to power of karamanly in 1711. Between this time and 1835, tripoli benefitted from a nearly total independance. Tripoli was able to impose its' own policies and negotiate commercial and peace treaties with foreign powers, opening up to the outside world, independantly of the ottoman empire. While relations between france and tripoli experienced difficulties under ahmad pacha, founder of the dynasty, they improved significantly under yusuf pacha from 1795. France's politics toward tripoli remained unchanged under the revolution and the empire. Despite the conflicts and the wars between the european nations, diplomatic relations between france and the regency of tripoli, were unaltered. Through its' counsuls in tripoli france had a significant influence on the region. During this tims english consuls established strong competition allowing england to gain. .
Costa, Marie. "Conflictos matrimoniales y divorcio en Cataluna : 1775-1833." Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2008STET2125.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims at recreating a piece of the history related to the conflicts between men and women in Catalonia (more precisely in Barcelona and Girona) within a key period corresponding to the end of the "Antic Regime" and the begining of the liberal period. The temporary frame studied indicates the dissociation between the theoretical approoach of marriage exposed in moral and legal documents and its daily application. Besides the theoretical dimension of marriage, this work firstly accounts for the disputes exhibited before the marriage (broken marriage promises), and the influence exerted by such disputes within the marriage. Next, the marriage failure is highlighted, and there analysed different aspects of divorce as it is understood in the considered period (formal divorce legalized by the ecclesiastic tribunal, and informal divorce mainly represented by the practice of concubinage, bigamy and reclusion), the divorce components and its modalities ("temporary separation, temporary divorce and perpetual divorce" declared by the general vicar of the ecclesiastical tribunal
Ortiz, Vásquez Luis Carlos. "La correspondance politique des diplomates français en Colombie : 1860-1903." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010542.
Повний текст джерелаDenéchère, Yves. "La politique espagnole de la France de 1931 à 1936 : une pratique française de rapports inégaux." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT3015.
Повний текст джерелаIn april 1931, the spanish monarchy of alfonso xiii felle like a ripe fruit. The second republic then followed and encountered a great deal of vicissitudes until the 17th-18th july 1936 pronunciamiento. During that period of time, the french foreign policy had to adapt to the new spanis facts. The french representatives in spain, and more paticularly the ambassador jean herbette, informed the + machine diplomatique ; of the quai d'orsay. The political evolution of the spanish republic was analysed day after day, taking into account the hightly specific nature of franco-spanih relations. Because of the new regime in madrid, france had to adapt its cultural and political influence in the peninsula. As to the franco-spanish bilateral issues, france chose to reinforce or at the least to maintain its positions. The democratic improvement of spain did not seem to have been taken into account by the quai d'orsay which made no concessions to immigrants and spanish political refugees oe else to the andorra issue. The uneven nature of franco-spanish relations was even more obvious in the economic field and in marocco : france imposed power struggles for its own benefit. In the wider domain of international relations, france did not have the same freedom of movement. It had to take into account the interventions of the other powers in the the + great spanish game ;. From 1931 to 1932, france hoped to be backed by spain as far as international issues were concerned. But no more than the monarchy before, was the spanish republic ready to abandon its neutrality. From 1933 to 1935, a time during which the french diplomaty seemed to be looking for its way, the question of the place france should have kept for spain in its international game was raised. In 1936, with the popualr fronts in power in both countries, a certain closeness in diplomacy was coming to life. The beginning of the civil war brutallly broke this evolution. The policy of france towards spain from 1931 to 1936 illustrates the way france conceived unequal relations and shows the self-importance with which it viewed its relations with weaker country
Rispal, Jean-François. "La présence française à Zanzibar : 1770-1904." Pau, 2004. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/H/2004PAUU1003_RISPAL.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаZanzibar is at the XVIII and XIX centuries a sultanate controlled by Omani. For commercial reasons then strategic (sights on the Comoros and Madagascar, draft "disguised" towards the Reunion) France installs a consulate in 1844 which will last until 1904. Some tradesmen and missionaries are present, generally in a temporary way, in the island. But their action is diffuse and has few consequences on the political life of the island, contrary to some consuls. Privileging the European affairs, the various governments (Restauration, Second Republic, Second Empire) want, however to obtain an easy access to an agricultural labour for the French islands of the Indian Ocean and to avoid the interventions of Zanzibar in the Comoros and Madagascar. Having obtained satisfaction, the Third Republic will accept the British protectorate on Zanzibar in 1890 and will withdraw the island
Neves, Lopes Claudia. "Marche editorial entre bresil et portugal. Periode de la republique bresilienne. Les relations editoriales entre le bresil et le portugal." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070027.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis tries to show how books and edition could have been used as instruments of cultural domination in the relatioships between an ex-colony and its former metropolis. Of course, they don't lose their roles as cultural means of diffusion but at first, as means of diffusion of a foreign and colonizing culture. The diffusion of this culture is acheived through thecolonizer's domination of the means of production, which have never been those of the colony because of the impositions of the colonial system. Moreover, this system helped to perpetuate links based on dependance, as it gave the parent-state the possibility to diffuse its own culture in the colony, even after its independance. This phenomenon had another consequence too : the cultural production of the colony (or ex-colony) is kept apart from the editorial production process, which is dominated by foreign editors who want to diffuse their own culture among the reading elite of the colony, who had an europeanized way of thinking. Books and edition, used that way by the colonizing countries, could enter the colony by two ways : on one hand, in a cultural way, as they carries the ideology of the colonizer ; on the other hand, in an economical way, as they were a new market for editorial companies that exploited it by setting up subsidiaries and a massive exportation of printed papers. But this study wants to point out the process by which the colony got free from its colonial links and became autonomous in this particular subject of cultural production, achieving the production and diffusion of the national culture at home and through its own means. Here the question is, at first, to point out the moment when the relation ships between two countries, linked by colonial links, went from colonial domination to cultural diffusion in this particular subject of edition