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Статті в журналах з теми "Régulateurs d'Actine":
Gacon, G. "Les protéines Rac : oncoprotéines et régulateurs du cytosquelette d'actine." médecine/sciences 11, no. 7 (1995): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/2410.
Duhaime, Gérard. "Programme d'aide aux Inuit: tradition et modernité." Recherche 31, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/056484ar.
Дисертації з теми "Régulateurs d'Actine":
Cercy, Maureen. "Organisation à l'échelle nanométrique du complexe régulateur de WAVE dans le lamellipode de cellule en migration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0461.
Cell motility is involved in critical biological functions, and dysregulation of adhesion, migration and of the actin cytoskeletal can lead to severe disease like cancer. Therefore, it is essential to study the molecular mechanism driving the formation of sub-cellular structures involved in cell motility. The first step in mesenchymal cell migration is the forward protrusion of the lamellipodium which is a thin sheet of membrane-enclosed actin filaments (F-Actin) networks propelled by actin polymerization. The spatiotemporal coordination of F-actin regulators in the lamellipodium determines the polarity, architecture and movements of branched F-actin networks. This includes two interacting nanomachines, the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) and the Arp2/3 complex. WRC activation is the central molecular event triggering Arp2/3 complex activation and thus, the initiation and formation of a branched F-actin network in the lamellipodium. WRC activation relies on the exposure of the cryptic Arp2/3-activating WCA domain located at the C-terminal extremity of the WAVE subunit tail. In vitro studies showed that two WCA domains are needed to efficiently activate the Arp2/3 complex.But how the local spatial organization of WRC at the molecular level translate into activation of the Arp2/3 complex triggering the morphogenesis of the lamellipodium is unknown. In other words, the stoichiometry and the spatial distribution required to translate WRC conformational activation to an efficient activation of Arp2/3 complex are essential missing information.The recent application of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) and single particle tracking (SRM) lead to a drastic rethinking of macromolecular assemblies, in particular structures involved in cell migration, including the lamellipodium. By tracking individual proteins and delivering images with spatial resolutions below the diffraction limit of light, these techniques give access to the nanoscale organization and dynamics of protein complexes in live cells.To reveal the molecular organization of WRC, we use DNA-PAINT, a SRM technique which allows spatial resolution below 10 nm. DNA-PAINT is based on hybridization of complementary DNA strands, one located on the target protein (docking strand) and the other on the dye (imager strand). DNA-PAINT enable absolute molecular counting in protein complexes (Quantitative-PAINT) and multi-color super-resolution imaging (Exchange-PAINT). This allowed us to assess stoichiometries, colocalizations and composition of nanomachines in the lamellipodium.Using Quantitative-PAINT, we showed that the stoichiometry of WRC at the lamellipodium tip of migrating mouse melanoma cell (B16) is one; while live super-resolution imaging based on RESOLFT nanoscopy revealed that these single WRC form discrete foci at the lamellipodium tip. Multicolor Exchange-PAINT super-resolution microscopy of the WRC core and its WCA domain, showed that its conformational activation induces the release of the WCA domain in a radius of 40 nm away from its core. Using stereotyped waveform protrusions, we correlated WRC molecular organization with the rate of membrane protrusions. We showed that the spatial distribution of individual WRC is below the radius of its conformational unfolding in regions of faster lamellipodial protrusion, increasing the possibility of WCA domain dimerization and thus activation of the Arp2/3 complex. This way, the WRC, functioning as an isolated complex, must be spaced at a distance less than its conformational unfolding to activate efficiently the Arp2/3 complex in the lamellipodium. Altogether, our results show that besides biochemical activation of signaling circuitry, the spatial organization of proteins is crucial for controlling their function in cells
Desnoyers, Guillaume. "Découverte de nouveaux mécanismes d'actions des petits ARNs régulateurs bactériens." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6232.
Fanidi, Abdallah. "Mecanisme d'action des anti-œstrogènes : interaction avec les systèmes régulateurs de l'AMPc." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0017.
Chappert, Pascal. "Homéostasie et mécanisme d'action in vivo des lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ chez la souris." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066312.
Santolaria, Thibault. "Induction de tolérance aux allogreffes d'organes solides par les lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/498/.
A major challenge in transplantation medicine is controlling the very strong immune responses to foreign antigens that are responsible for graft rejection. Although immunosuppressive drugs efficiently inhibit acute graft rejection, a substantial proportion of patients suffer chronic rejection that ultimately leads to functional loss of the graft. Induction of immunological tolerance to transplants would avoid rejection and the need for lifelong treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Tolerance to self-antigens is ensured naturally by several mechanisms ; one major mechanism depends on the activity of regulatory T lymphocytes. We showed that in mice treated with clinically acceptable levels of irradiation, regulatory CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells stimulated in vitro with alloantigens induced long-term tolerance to bone marrow and subsequent skin and cardiac allografts. Regulatory T cells specific for directly presented donor antigens prevented only acute rejection, despite hematopoietic chimerism. By contrast, regulatory T cells specific for both directly and indirectly presented alloantigens prevented both acute and chronic rejection. Our findings demonstrate the potential of appropriately stimulated regulatory T cells for future cell-based therapeutic approaches to induce lifelong mmunological tolerance to allogeneic transplants
Veyrier-Cammas, Anne. "Rôle et mode d'action du régulateur traductionnel hnRNP A1 dans les cellules tumorales mammaires." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/335/.
MRNA binding proteins or mRBPs are involved in the regulation, the coordination and the coupling of post-transcriptional gene expression. Modifications in the regulation of their expression and/or activity in cancer contribute to the tumoral development. Our work focused on the study of the translational regulator, hnRNP A1,. We have shown that the translational activity of hnRNP A1 is regulated by its cytoplasmic relocalization upon different stress conditions. We have also observed that a cytoplasmic localization of hnRNP A1 is associated with metastatic relapse and bad prognosis in breast tumors, and we have initiated a study of the effects of this cytoplasmic relocalization on tumorigenesis. This work suggests that regulation of translation by subcellular relocalization of an mRBP may be determinant in cancer
Dufour, Virginie. "Réponse aux stress de Campylobacter jejuni : rôle du régulateur Cj1000 et mode d'action des molécules pro-oxydantes isothiocyanates." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S140.
Campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophile epsilon-proteobacteria which is responsible for many food-borne gastroenteridis in western countries. C. Jejuni must adapt to stressful conditions to colonise various environments. Oxygen exposure, metabolic activity and the host immune system are potential sources of oxidative stress that disrupts the redox balance. Transcriptional regulation mediates adaptation of pathogens to environmental conditions and stress. C. Jejuni possess only few regulators, including the sole LysR-type regulator Cj1000. We constructed a cj1000 mutant strain and we demonstrated the role of Cj1000 in the regulation of the oxidative stress response and respiratory pathways. Additionally, we highlighted the crucial role of Cj1000 in host colonisation. Natural, safe antibacterial molecules are possible alternatives to antibiotics for food preservation. Isothiocyanates are plant-derived anticancerous and antibacterial molecules that display pro-oxidant properties. In this study, we assayed the sensitivity of several C. Jejuni isolates to isothiocyanates. The transcriptomic profile of C. Jejuni exposed to benzylisothiocyanate and additional experiments demonstrated that isothiocyanates induced protein aggregation, generated an oxidative stress and disrupted energy metabolism and respiration
Da, Re Sandra. "Etude du mécanisme d'action de l'activateur transcriptionnel FixJ : relations entre le domaine régulateur, le domaine activateur et l'ARN polymérase." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30004.
Gobert, Michael. "Le cancer du sein, un environnement immunotolérant : émergence, mécanismes d'action des lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+ CD25+ et relations avec les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoïdes." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10271.
Despite the infiltration of tumors by the immune competent cells, spontaneous rejection of breast tumors is rarely documented. Our work on CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells (Treg), cells inhibiting the immune response, might reconciliate this apparent discrepancy. Indeed, functional Treg are present in high proportions in primary breast tumors and have a negative impact on patient’s survival. This negative impact occurs only when Treg are present in the periphery of the tumor in the lymphoid aggregates in contact with mature Dendritic Cells (DC), where they are activated and proliferate, but not in the tumor area. Regarding their intra-tumoral recruitment, we have demonstrated the importance of the CCR4 receptor and one of its ligands CCL22. Plasmacytoid DC (pDC), circulating interferon-α producing cells during viral infection, are also present in breast tumors and their presence has a negative impact on patients’ survival as previously demonstrated by our team. Tumor-infiltrating pDC express activation markers, respond in vitro to activation signals, but their ability to produce interferon-α is strongly impaired. We showed that two cytokines, TGF-β and TNF-α produced within tumor microenvironment are involved in this inhibition. The perspectives of this work are to identify the mechanisms of Treg mediated suppression and the importance of their interaction with pDC. Our goal is to understand how to neutralize Treg and reactivate pDC in breast cancer in order to restore an anti tumor immune response
Ho, Wang Yin Kiave-Yune. "Mécanismes d'action de la molécule tolérogène HLA-G au travers de la trogocytose et détermination des structures de HLA-G fonctionnelles in vivo." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077102.
HLA-G is a non-classical HLA class I molecule characterized by its tolerogenic properties. At the feto-maternal interface, HLA-G plays a key role in protecting the fetus against the immune System of the mother. The expression of HLA-G in allogeneic grafts is associated with better acceptance. Expressed by tumors, HLA-G endows them with a resistance to anti-tumor immunity. Understanding the cellular mechanisms and structures involved in the inhibitory fonctions of HLA-G is therefore a real therapeutic and diagnostic challenge. First, I studied the cellular mechanisms of inhibition by HLA-G mediated by trogocytosis and demonstrated that monocytes capture HLA-G 1 by trogocytosis from tumor cells. Unlike T lymphocytes and NK cells, monocytes that have captured HLA-G 1 do not behave as regulatory cells, but are able to transfer again HLA- Gl to other effectors (serial trogocytosis). I also showed that T cells are able to acquire the ILT2 receptor by trogocytosis from monocytes, which enables them to become sensitive to HLA-G 1. My second objective was to study the HLA-G structures that are functional in vivo. I demonstrated the existence of dimers of HLA-G2, G4 and G6, developed a detection method using ILT2 and ILT4 receptors, and determined the HLA-G structures recognized by these receptors. In particular, I demonstrated that thé ILT4 receptor recognizes the HLA-G6 isoform. Finally, T compared the efficiencies of HLA-G structures in vivo in a murine model of allogeneic skin graft