Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Regolith carbonate"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Regolith carbonate"
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Ben-Asher, Matan, Itai Haviv, Onn Crouvi, Joshua J. Roering, and Ari Matmon. "The convexity of carbonate hilltops: 36Cl constraints on denudation and chemical weathering rates and implications for hillslope curvature." GSA Bulletin 133, no. 9-10 (January 15, 2021): 1930–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35658.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Carbonate hillslopes are often soil mantled and display a classic convex morphology. In this study we examine controls on carbonate hillslope denudation and morphology using a modified regolith mass balance equation to account for chemical weathering and dust input—two fluxes that are commonly neglected in settings with silicate-dominated bedrock. We utilize seven study sites in the Eastern Mediterranean across a significant gradient in the mean annual rainfall and dust deposition flux. Combining cosmogenic 36Cl-derived hilltop denudation rates with an estimate of the regolith chemical depletion and the quantified fraction of dust in the regolith we predict hilltop curvature and compare our predictions with observations based on high-resolution airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging). Denudation rates vary from 5 to 210 mm/k.y. and increase with mean annual rainfall. Less resistant carbonates (chalk) experience faster denudation rates relative to more resistant dolo-limestone and are less prone to chemical weathering. Soil production exhibits a humped dependency on soil thickness. The observed hilltop curvature varies as a function of rainfall and dust flux with a minimum at sub-humid sites. While trends in hilltop convexity are often solely attributed to variations in erosion rate, our results illustrate the additional effects of dust production and chemical depletion. Our mass balance model implies that drier sites in the south probably experienced a more intricate history of regolith production due to dust flux fluctuations. Thus, by incorporating dust flux and chemical weathering to the classic hillslope evolution model we are able to identify a complex relation between hilltop curvature, soil production, and climate.
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Shaheen, Robina, Paul B. Niles, Kenneth Chong, Catherine M. Corrigan, and Mark H. Thiemens. "Carbonate formation events in ALH 84001 trace the evolution of the Martian atmosphere." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 2 (December 22, 2014): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1315615112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbonate minerals provide critical information for defining atmosphere–hydrosphere interactions. Carbonate minerals in the Martian meteorite ALH 84001 have been dated to ∼3.9 Ga, and both C and O-triple isotopes can be used to decipher the planet’s climate history. Here we report Δ17O, δ18O, and δ13C data of ALH 84001 of at least two varieties of carbonates, using a stepped acid dissolution technique paired with ion microprobe analyses to specifically target carbonates from distinct formation events and constrain the Martian atmosphere–hydrosphere–geosphere interactions and surficial aqueous alterations. These results indicate the presence of a Ca-rich carbonate phase enriched in 18O that formed sometime after the primary aqueous event at 3.9 Ga. The phases showed excess 17O (0.7‰) that captured the atmosphere–regolith chemical reservoir transfer, as well as CO2, O3, and H2O isotopic interactions at the time of formation of each specific carbonate. The carbon isotopes preserved in the Ca-rich carbonate phase indicate that the Noachian atmosphere of Mars was substantially depleted in 13C compared with the modern atmosphere.
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Ott, Richard F., Sean F. Gallen, and Darryl E. Granger. "Cosmogenic nuclide weathering biases: corrections and potential for denudation and weathering rate measurements." Geochronology 4, no. 2 (July 6, 2022): 455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-455-2022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Cosmogenic radionuclides (CRNs) are the standard tool to derive centennial-to-millennial timescale denudation rates; however, it has been demonstrated that chemical weathering in some settings can bias CRNs as a proxy for landscape denudation. Currently, studies investigating CRN weathering biases have mostly focused on the largely insoluble target mineral quartz in felsic lithologies. Here, we examine the response of CRN build-up for both soluble and insoluble target minerals under different weathering scenarios. We assume a simple box model in which bedrock is converted to a well-mixed regolith at a constant rate, and denudation occurs by regolith erosion and weathering either in the regolith or along the regolith–bedrock interface, as is common in carbonate bedrock. We show that weathering along the regolith–bedrock interface increases CRN concentrations compared to a no-weathering case and how independently derived weathering rates or degrees can be used to correct for this bias. If weathering is concentrated within the regolith, insoluble target minerals will have a longer regolith residence time and higher nuclide concentration than soluble target minerals. This bias can be identified and corrected using paired-nuclide measurements of minerals with different solubility coupled with knowledge of either the bedrock or regolith mineralogy to derive denudation and long-term weathering rates. Similarly, single-nuclide measurements on soluble or insoluble minerals can be corrected to determine denudation rates if a weathering rate and compositional data are available. Our model highlights that for soluble target minerals, the relationship between nuclide accumulation and denudation is not monotonic. We use this understanding to map the conditions of regolith mass, weathering, and denudation rates at which weathering corrections for cosmogenic nuclides become large and ambiguous, as well as identify environments in which the bias is mostly negligible and CRN concentrations reliably reflect landscape denudation. We highlight how measurements of CRNs from soluble target minerals, coupled with bedrock and regolith mineralogy, can help to expand the range of landscapes for which centennial-to-millennial timescale denudation and weathering rates can be obtained.
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Sevin, B., P. Maurizot, D. Cluzel, E. Tournadour, S. Etienne, N. Folcher, J. Jeanpert, et al. "Chapter 7 Post-obduction evolution of New Caledonia." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 51, no. 1 (2020): 147–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m51-2018-74.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe post-obduction formations of Grande Terre, New Caledonia, comprise igneous intrusions, regolith cover, and marine and terrestrial sedimentary rocks. Two restricted Late Oligocene granitoid bodies are intruded into the Peridotite Nappe and its substrate in the south of the island. Thick regolith cover developed over the Peridotite Nappe from the Late Oligocene or earlier. The Népoui Group comprises Late Oligocene–Early Miocene mixed marine carbonate and siliciclastic deposits. It mainly reworks the Peridotite Nappe and its regolith cover. Its development pattern is mainly controlled by tectonic uplift and subsidence. The Gwa N'Doro Formation on the eastern coast and the Fluvio-lacustrine Formation in the south are remnants of the Miocene–Present river network. Offshore, thick Oligocene to Neogene sedimentary successions are imaged by seismic surveys on the margins of Grande Terre, although these successions have not been drilled and remain undated. Several dredges have recovered shallow Miocene sedimentary rocks, indicating substantial Neogene subsidence. Quaternary formations are represented inland by aeolianite, vertisols and calcrete and offshore by the large barrier reef–lagoon complex, the onset of which is dated at c. 400 ka. This chapter discusses the different models proposed for the post-obduction evolution of Grand Terre.
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Helvacı, Cahit, Tolga Oyman, İbrahim Gündoğan, Hasan Sözbilir, Osman Parlak, Selahattin Kadir, and Necip Güven. "Mineralogy and genesis of the Ni–Co lateritic regolith deposit of the Çaldağ area (Manisa, western Anatolia), Turkey." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 3 (March 2018): 252–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Çaldağ Ni–Co deposit is characterized by a reddish brown oxide lateritic regolith, containing residual Ni deposit formed by the intense tropical weathering of peridotites. Nickel–Co ore is associated with transported ferricrete during the late Paleocene – middle Eocene, represented by colloform Fe oxides and residual lateritization during the Oligocene. The lateritic regoliths are developed over dunitic ultramafic rocks and consist mainly of smectite, berthierine, kaolinite, gypsum, pyrite, takovite, and pecoraite. These units were examined using polarized-light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and geochemical methods. Mineralogical zonation from the base of the profile upwards has the following zones: ultramafic bedrocks, serpentinized ultramafic rocks (saprock), saprolite, carbonate- and sulfide-bearing zone, ferruginous saprolite zone, and silcrete. In addition, Fe oxides, smectite and opal-CT, and quartz increase towards the surface, whereas olivine, pyroxene, and serpentine decrease upwards in response to chemical weathering. Nickel–Co mineralization associated with Fe oxides and smectitic clays formed under wet and dry conditions, respectively, as a result of an increased Fe2O3 + Al2O3 + Ni + Co/MgO ratio. Field observations and mineralogical and geochemical analyses reveal that the smectite formed under basic conditions was controlled by multistage chemical weathering of ultramafic and volcanic rocks and by the concentrations of Si, Al, Fe, and Mg. Locally, concentrations of S in conjunction with Fe and Ca resulted in precipitation of goethite–hematite, gypsum, and pyrite in dissolution voids in association with smectite under acidic conditions that developed in a well-drained system.
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Kang, He, and George R. Dix. "Upper Ordovician (Sandbian–Katian) carbonate outliers in the northern Ottawa–Bonnechere graben (central Canada): records of transgressions and sedimentation patterns in the Laurentian platform interior." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2020-0065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Small Ordovician sedimentary outliers, including Brent Crater, within the northern Ottawa–Bonnechere graben are remnants of a once expansive Upper Ordovician sedimentary cover extending across the southern Canadian Shield. Facies successions along with updated macrofossil and conodont biostratigraphy, and isotope (C, O, Sr) chemostratigraphy provide additional insights into the terrestrial-to-marine transformation, carbonate-platform development, and oceanographic communication across the southern Laurentian platform. Four of the outliers document Sandbian shoreline-to-nearshore deposition: near Deux Rivières, Manitou Islands, the upper part of the Brent Crater sedimentary fill, and at nearby Cedar Lake. Marine transgression initially reworked local fine-grained to boulder-rich regolith within high-energy shoreface siliciclastic environments that gave way to low- to high-energy inner carbonate-ramp setting. Continued transgression resulted in more offshore rhythmic and diverse lithofacies successions defining mixed heterozoan, photozoan, and microbial productivity and marine isotope (C, Sr) signatures, but δ13C excursions suggest periods of greater mixing of terrestrial and marine carbon reservoirs. Lower Katian strata are preserved near Lake Nipissing and characterize deepening from high-energy ooid-heterozoan skeletal shoals to deeper water mid-ramp siliciclastics and skeletal carbonates, host to a Cruziana ichnofacies. An upsection decline in δ13C values through this succession may identify deposition during the post-peak decline of the global Guttenberg δ13C excursion. This lithic succession fits well with contemporary expansion of heterozoan skeletal lithofacies across the Laurentian platform, yet the presence of ooids identifies prevailing warm waters within the platform interior during early stages of transgression.
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Sadooni, Fadhil N., Fares Howari, Howell G. M. Edwards, and Ayman El-Saiy. "Lithology, mineral assemblages and microbial fingerprints of the evaporite-carbonate sediments of the coastal sabkha of Abu Dhabi and their extraterrestrial implications." International Journal of Astrobiology 9, no. 3 (March 29, 2010): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550410000078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractDeep-core and surface samples collected from the coastal sabkha of Abu Dhabi were subjected to a multi-proxy study, including petrographic, geochemical and spectroscopic analyses. The sediments studied are composed of biochemical carbonate-evaporite mineral suites, such as calcite, dolomite, aragonite and gypsum, as well as clastic minerals, such as quartz, feldspar and serpentine. These sediments were also strongly influenced by microbial activities as reflected by the presence of cyanobacterial mats, boring, gas bubble structures, pustular and other macro and micro textures. A combination of marine, fluvial, aeolian, and groundwater processes shaped the geomorphology of the area and led to the formation of such mineral suites, as well as their microbial contents. Data collected from Mars indicate that its surface regolith contains sandstone composed of siliciclastic basaltic debris, as well as carbonate (e.g. magnesite) and evaporite (e.g. jarosite and relics of gypsum) mineral assemblages. Additional data suggest the presence of geomorphic features, characteristic of an arid climate, such as sand dunes and desert varnish. The hydrological model for the Late Noachian-Hesperian period of the plant proposed the existence of a surficial layer containing endolithic and stromatolitic cyanobacterial lamina. The combination of the coastal sabkha of Abu Dhabi with its carbonate-evaporite mineral suites, the neighbouring sand dune fields of the Empty Quarter Desert and the basaltic sediments resulted from weathering the ophiolitic Northern Oman Mountains to form a candidate terrestrial geologic province that may explain the mineral association of Mars and its potential biosignatures. The lithological features and the mineral association of the sabkha can be recognized by the present day detection equipment used on Mars, and even if their biosignatures are degraded, their existence may be inferred from these features.
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McQueen, K. G., S. M. Hill, and K. A. Foster. "The nature and distribution of regolith carbonate accumulations in southeastern Australia and their potential as a sampling medium in geochemical exploration." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 67, no. 1-3 (December 1999): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-6742(99)00071-0.
Повний текст джерела
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Dredge, Lynda A. "Late Pleistocene and Holocene glaciation and deglaciation of Melville Peninsula, Northern Laurentide Ice Sheet." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 55, no. 2 (June 21, 2004): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008300ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Melville Peninsula lies within the Foxe/Baffin Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Pre-Foxe/Pre-Wisconsin ice may have covered the entire peninsula. Preserved regolith in uplands indicates a subsequent weathering interval. Striations and till types indicate that, during the last (Foxe) glaciation, a local ice sheet (Melville Ice) initially developed on plateaus, but was later subsumed by the regional Foxe ice sheet. Ice from the central Foxe dome flowed across northern areas and Rae Isthmus, while ice from a subsidiary divide controlled flow on southern uplands. Ice remained cold-based and non-erosive on some plateaus, but changed from cold- to warm-based under other parts of the subsidiary ice divide, and was warm-based elsewhere. Ice streaming, generating carbonate till plumes, was prevalent during deglaciation. A late, quartzite-bearing southwestward ice flow from Baffin Island crossed onto the north coast. A marine incursion began in Committee Bay about 14 ka and advanced southwards to Wales Island by 8.6 ka. The marine-based ice centre in Foxe Basin broke up about 6.9 ka. Northern Melville Peninsula and Rae Isthmus were deglaciated rapidly, but remnant ice caps remained active and advanced into some areas. The ice caps began to retreat from coastal areas ~6.4 to 6.1 ka, by which time sea level had fallen from 150-180 m to 100 m.
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Sepahvand, Alireza, Mitja Prelovsek, Ali Akbar Nazari Samani, and Robert Wasson. "Solute transport and solutional denu-dation rate of carbonate karst in the semi-arid Zagros region (southwes-tern Iran)." Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 83, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4311/2020es0102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We conducted a one-year-long study of solute load measured three times per month in three neighboring subwatersheds (Alashtar, Khorram Abad, and Biranshahr) located in the Karkheh River basin in the Zagros region of southwestern Iran. Research was focused on the chemical composition of water (solute load), karst denudation rate, spatial and temporal variability, as well as comparison of solute load with suspended load. Results show that Ca-Mg-HCO3 is the dominant water type that reflects the lithological characteristics of the catchment areas. Lack of seasonal fluctuation of solute load and absence of dilution during high water levels but evident seasonal course of discharge defines the highest solute flux during the annual maximum of discharge in spring months. The highest solute flux is related to flood events. High annual variation of Na1 concentration compared to conservative Cl2 as well as Chloro-Alkali indexes (CAI and CAI2) suggests that Na1 adsorption and desorption during ion-exchange reactions occur in the regolith. This Na+ variability, to some extent, explains weak Ca21 and Mg21 dilution effect during high water levels. During the measurement period (2014-2015), solute flux calculated per catchment area amounted to 49-69 t km-2 a-1 (tons per km per year). The chemical composition of water and discharge shows by far the highest chemical denudation of limestones and dolomites (87−89 %), while dissolution of gypsum is of minor importance (11−13 %). As a result, the carbonate karst solutional denudation rate is between 0.010 and 0.040 mm a21 , where the higher values are more probable for longer periods due to the relatively low discharge during the spring of 2015. Comparison of dissolved and suspended loads indicates that the transport of suspended load is an order of magnitude less than transport of the dissolved load; the only exception is one flash flood event when suspended load exceeded the dissolved load. Besides a small decrease in solute flux as well as carbonate karst dissolution rates from NW to SE, no large hydrochemical differences between the three subwatersheds were detected.
Дисертації з теми "Regolith carbonate"
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Dart, Robert C. "Gold-in-calcrete: a continental to profile scale study of regolith carbonates and their association with gold mineralisation." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/61507.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Regolith carbonate, especially when indurated (calcrete), has been widely adopted as a
sampling medium by many Australian Au exploration companies. Rapid uptake of the
medium in geochemical exploration programs, following its reported success in the South
Australia Challenger Au deposit discovery, has resulted in poorly constrained sampling
methodology with many inconsistencies. Results have therefore been equivocal. This study of
regolith carbonates and their association with Au will improve this situation. Three aspects of
regolith carbonate development and association with Au are investigated. These are based on
variable spatial scales, ranging from the southern Australian continent, to local area, to
individual profile.
On a continental scale, regolith carbonates cover extensive areas of southern Australia. The
primary component, Ca, is sourced from mineral weathering or atmospheric sources. Through
the use of Sr isotopes to provide a surrogate expression for Ca sources, the source was
identified as > 90% atmospheric or marine derived. A uniform inland signature is identified,
which is due to the continual recycling and mixing of marine derived Ca with minimal
bedrock input. An external Ca source means that Ca does not have a direct relationship with
Au, which is locally sourced from mineralised areas.
On a local scale, a Au-in-calcrete anomaly extending over 20 km² and lying over both
mineralised (Tunkillia Au prospect) and barren bedrock was investigated. Regolith-landform
mapping and geochemistry was used to further identify the zone of elevated Au-in-calcrete.
The zone was found to correspond spatially with palaeo- and contemporary drainage systems
that currently flow into ephemeral lakes. Geochemistry of the area shows that the majority of
elements have been transported and enriched along these systems. This dispersion pattern and
its contemporary landscape expression is complicated by dune fields over mineralisation that
partially cover the palaeo-drainage. Millions of dollars have been spent drilling this anomaly
with no significant mineralisation found beyond the discrete Tunkillia mineralized zones, yet
with the aid of regolith-landform mapping an explanation of the anomaly spatial pattern and
dispersion pattern has been provided at very low cost.
On the profile scale, two regolith carbonate profiles from the White Dam Au-Cu prospect
were analysed in detail. Mass balance calculations revealed chemical gains and losses for the
soil horizon and total profile. The investigation quantified the extensive external Ca input and
revealed the position and size of the Au particles. Gold in the profile prior to regolith
carbonate development is concentrated at the top of what is presently the regolith carbonate
horizon as calcite precipitation in void spaces reduces permeability. Ongoing calcite
precipitation up the profile locks in the Au, resulting in a Au-in-calcrete anomaly.
Exposure of Au-enriched calcrete horizons to chemical and physical weathering results in
decomposition of the material. This material can then be transported in the form of surface
lag, which may settle on top of existing and still developing regolith carbonates to form new
Au-in-calcrete anomalies that are unrelated to underlying bedrock.
The formation of Au-in-calcrete anomalies in relation to landscape processes is demonstrated.
Additional information on landscape setting, gathered while sampling, can therefore improve
interpretation of regolith carbonate geochemistry. Exploration companies that take time to
understand the landscape setting in this way and react accordingly, can therefore expect
improved results.Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2009.
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Wittwer, P. D. "Geology and geochemistry of regolith carbonate accumulations of the southwestern Curnamona Province, SA: Implications for mineral exploration." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/123526.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This item is only available electronically.Although regolith carbonate accumulations (RCAs) have been extensively used in mineral exploration programs in the regolith-dominated terrains of the Yilgarn and Gawler Cratons, their use has so far been limited within the Curnamona Province, SA. This study shows how the detailed characterisation of RCAs in the southwestern Curnamona Province enhances their use in mineral exploration programs at the regional to prospect scales. A regional RCA distribution map for the study area shows that RCAs are generally widespread, although certain RCA morphological facies are dominant in different parts of the landscape, and in some areas RCAs are absent or at best a very minor component of the regolith. A dataset of whole rock geochemical assays of RCAs provides the basis of graphical presentations and geochemical maps that highlight the chemical characteristics of RCAs proximal to areas of known Au mineralisation in contrast to more distal samples. Several Au pathfinder elements in RCA assays were found to include As, W, Bi, and Mo, and greatly assist in further anomaly definition when used in conjunction with Au assays. Major element composition (e.g. Ca, Mg, Fe) showed little relationship to local landform setting, however, landscape setting appears to be a more important control on Au assay results both at the regional and prospect scales. Gold distribution in the area was independent of the presence of major elements such as calcium and magnesium. Microprobe analysis showed that Au was rare and invisible at the resolution of the analysis and existed in the calcium carbonate matrix as well as in detrital material. The composition of the underlying rock lithologies was also compared to the whole rock chemistry of the RCAs and showed the possibilities of this technique to aid geological mapping in regolith-dominated terrains and to assist in locating mineralised systems.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2004
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McEntegart, L. B. "Gold mobility within dune systems on the Barns property, Wudinna, South Australia: a partial extraction approach." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/122414.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This item is only available electronically.Regolith carbonate is an established sampling medium in Au exploration. It has a demonstrated correlation with Au content in south western Australia and was the prime indicator in the discovery of the Barns Au prospect Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. Whole rock ICP-MS, AAS and XRF analyses on samples from regolith drill cores and a trench cut into an aeolian sand dune on the Barns prospect established a correlation of Au content (≤17 ppb) with Ca, K, Al and Mg. XRD whole rock and mineral-separate analyses identified calcite, smectite and ankerite/dolomite as the main authigenic mineral phases present in the dune sand. The range of Sr isotope ratios of regolith carbonate (87Sr/86Sr = 0.716234±16) and bedrock (87Sr/86Sr = 0.731205±15) samples and their systematic variation imply that the Sr (and Ca) in the authigenic minerals was derived from a combination of surface (87Sr/86SrSMOW = 0.709) and bedrock sources (87Sr/86Sr = 0.731205±15). Sequential extraction designed to determine gold fractionation between the authigenic mineral phases showed that Au is most prominently extracted from a Fe-Mn oxide phase while dissolution of carbonate does not necessarily mobilise the Au.
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2004
Книги з теми "Regolith carbonate"
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Hippe, Daniel J. Hydrogeologic setting and simulation of pesticide fate and transport in the unsaturated zone of a regolith-mantled, carbonate-rock terrain near Newville, Pennsylvania. Lemoyne, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Regolith carbonate"
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Durand, Nicolas, H. Curtis Monger, and Matthew G. Canti. "Calcium Carbonate Features." In Interpretation of Micromorphological Features of Soils and Regoliths, 149–94. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53156-8.00009-x.
Повний текст джерела
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Durand, Nicolas, H. Curtis Monger, Matthew G. Canti, and Eric P. Verrecchia. "Calcium Carbonate Features." In Interpretation of Micromorphological Features of Soils and Regoliths, 205–58. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63522-8.00009-7.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Regolith carbonate"
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Clark, G. Michael, Martin Kohl, Harry L. Moore, and Ira D. Sasowsky. "The Gray Fossil Site: A Spectacular Example in Tennessee of Ancient Regolith Occurrences in Carbonate Terranes, Valley and Ridge Subprovince, Southern Appalachians U.S.A." In 10th Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40796(177)10.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Regolith carbonate"
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Hydrogeologic setting and simulation of pesticide fate and transport in the unsaturated zone of a regolith-mantled, carbonate-rock terrain near Newville, Pennsylvania. US Geological Survey, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri964062.
Повний текст джерела