Дисертації: "Regional economics"

7

Gorney, Anne Ley. "Implementing a multilateral transitive price index." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3037012.

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8

Vitt, David Christopher. "Essays on Retail and Regional Economics." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2629.

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This dissertation is composed of three essays at the intersection of regional economic analysis and industrial organization. In the first chapter, I derive an estimating equation for retail market structure in order to quantify the effects of e-commerce competition on brick and mortar retail establishment and employment counts. Using a multilevel regression specification, I find that (i) e-commerce establishment count exposure results show heterogeneity in the sign of the effects across the retail sectors represented in the data (ii) the magnitude of the e-commerce exposure effect is also heterogeneous across retail sectors (iii) the heterogeneity is not purely random and correlates highly with retail industrial characteristics like the labor share of receipts and profit margins, (iv) the e-commerce exposure is passed through to intensive margins like employment. The second essay turns to a regional focus, where I develop a multilevel difference-in-difference approach to estimate the causal effects of discontinued Shuttle launches on the industry and labor markets of Florida's Space Coast. I find strong evidence for (i) an across industry substitution effect previously unexplored in the regional literature(ii) a spike in unemployment of 17% relative to the estimated counterfactual outcome for the region (iii) a contraction in payroll of nearly 10% of regional GDP in some industries combined with a gain of 7.5% through across industry labor reallocation. In the final essay, I focus on the relationship between the size of retail establishments and the growth of their proximate markets. In accomplishing this, I demonstrate the utility of Department of Defense satellite images of ambient night light activity as a measure of the spatial variation in economic activity, as well as a measure of economic growth. This allowed me to use a dynamic panel regression approach to test the concentrating effect of market growth on retail firms. I find evidence that (i) with an autoregressive coefficient closer to 0 than 1 (alpha=0.23), establishment size is not persistent (ii) firms adjustment contemporaneously to economic growth and discount past growth for hiring decisions (iii) a positive and significant firm size elasticity with respect to spatial variation in economic activity.

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9

Grant, Charles Benedict. "Using regional differences to think about consumption." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272302.

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10

Larsson, Hanna. "Disentangling the causes behind regional employment differences in Sweden : The case of regional job losses within two sectors of the Manufacturing Industry." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-972.

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The purpose of this thesis is to disentangle the causes behind differences in regional employment across the 81 Swedish LA regions. Thus, two questions will be answered; which factors causes regional disparity in employment and which where the least and themost affected regions during the economic crises of the 1990’s? The answer to these questions are imposed by certain chosen restrictions, where only the situation within two manufacturing industries will be investigated; the car- and machine manufacturing sectors. Previous research claim that there are specific factors that influence and creates regional growth disparity. Among these factors can be found; education, infrastructure, demography, industry diversity and migration. Statistical data then enables a division of the regions on basis of the change in employment level within the manufacturing industries as a share of total employment. It is revealed that the most affected regions during an economic shock are those areas that have the highest employment ratio within these manufacturing sectors. The empirical findings indicates that in the case of Swedish manufacturing industries especially three factors influence the employment level; population, education and migration. Additionally, distance to a larger city is proven to besignificant during recessions while being insignificant during economic booms. The last factor, diversity, on the other hand indicates that the correlation is the reverse. Hence, diversity has an impact during economic upswings, while this is not the case during downturns. With the development during the 90’s as a reference, the same method is used to locate today’s most vulnerable industrial regions. Statistics show that Ljungby is at the topof this list. When studying the strategic development plan for this region it is found that this area follows a policy in line with those variables that this thesis has pin-pointed to bebeneficial for regional growth. Hence, this region has taken beneficial policy steps in order to decrease the dependency on a vulnerable and market sensitive industrial sector. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda varför anställningsgraden skiljer sig mellan de 81 svenska LA regionerna. De två frågor som skall besvaras är följaktligen; vilka faktorer påverkar skillnader i sysselsättningsgrad samt utpeka vilka regioner var de minst och mestdrabbade under 1990-talets ekonomiska kris? Dessa frågor har dock begränsats till att undersöka förhållandet inom två tillverkningsindustrier; bil- och maskintillverkning.Tidigare forskning hävdar att det finns vissa specifika faktorer som påverkar och skapar regionala skillnader i tillväxt. Bland dessa kan nämnas utbildning, infrastruktur, demografi, diversitet och migration. Den deskriptiva statistiken delar därefter upp Sveriges regioner på basis av förändringen i anställning inom de två valda industrisektorerna som en del av totala sysselsättningen. De hårdast drabbade regionerna under en lågkonjunktur är deregioner som har störst andel av totala arbetskraften inom tillverkningsindustrin. Vidare indikerar de empiriska resultaten att för svensk tillverkningsindustris vidkommande så har främst population, utbildning samt migration ett starkt samband medsysselsättningsfrekvensen. Vidare visar det sig att avståndet till en större stad har en inverkan under lågkonjunktur men ej under högkonjunktur. För den sista variabeln, grad av diversitet, visar sig sambandet vara det motsatta; det vill säga ingen påverkan under en konjunkturnedgång, medan en positiv influens under konjunkturuppgång. Med händelseutvecklingen från 90-talet som grund kan samma metod användas för att lokalisera dagens mest sårbara industriregioner. Statistiken visar att Ljungby toppar denna lista. Men då man studerar denna regions framtids- och utvecklingsmål följer dessa just de faktorer som denna uppsats utpekar som viktiga ingredienser för regional tillväxt. Följaktligen har denna region tagit positiva steg i riktning mot att minska sitt beroende av en sårbar och konjunkturkänslig industrisektor.

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11

Sheard, Nicholas. "Regional Economics, Trade, and Transport Infrastructure." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78515.

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“Regional Policy in a Multiregional Setting: When the Poorest are Hurt by Subsidies” Regional subsidies have a positive short-term effect on the recipient regions, but as they alter migration patterns the long-term effects are less clear. This paper demonstrates using a three-region general equilibrium model that subsidising the poorest region may be to its detriment in the long term and thereby increase inter-regional inequality, if the subsidy draws firms from a nearby region that would function better as a production centre. The result has important implications for the design of regional policies, which are often applied simply according to per-capita incomes. “Learning to Export and the Timing of Entry to Export Markets” Standard trade models are essentially static and do not explain why entry to export markets would be delayed after the instant a firm is formed. This paper proposes a model that endogenously generates the timing of entry to new markets through a learning mechanism. Firms in the model gain experience by entering markets, which eases entry to subsequent markets. The mechanism motivates delays in entry to some markets. More productive firms are less sensitive to the learning effect and thus enter markets sooner and begin by exporting to larger markets. These predictions are confirmed using Swedish firm-level data. “Airports and the Production of Goods and Services” This paper estimates the effects of airport infrastructure on local employment in certain sectors, using data from the United States. Airport sizes are instrumented for using the 1944 National Airport Plan of the Civil Aeronautics Administration. Airport size is found to have a positive effect on local employment in tradable services, with an elasticity of approximately 0.1, and a negative effect on manufacturing. There is no measurable effect on non-tradable services. The results are relevant to the evaluation of airport improvement projects, which are often carried out using public funds.

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12

Auffhammer, Maximilian. "Essays in environmental and regional economics /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/557733669.pdf.

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13

Marott, Larsen Morten. "Essays in regional and transport economics /." Copenhagen, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/487744543.pdf.

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14

Alakshendra, Abhinav. "Essays on development and regional economics." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14128.

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Doctor of Philosophy Department of Economics Dong Li Wayne Nafziger The dissertation includes three essays on development and regional economics. Son preference prevails among Indian couples. I test the hypothesis that women who bear sons experience an elevated status within the household, which translates into their increased role in decision-making. The first essay empirically examines the issue. Using data from the Indian Human Development Survey, I find that women who have given birth to at least one son show greater participation in the household’s financial decisions as well as other decisions in a household. Presence of a senior member in the household, however, reduces the women’s relative household bargaining strength. The second essay examines the wage differentials of natives, naturalized citizens, and immigrants on the basis of gender, and for the latter two categories, on the basis of region of origin. This paper argues that the assimilation effect for naturalized citizens should be stronger than that for immigrants since a naturalized citizen, on an average, spends more than 15 years in the country, much higher than immigrants. I find that immigrants experience higher increase in wages than naturalized citizens with longer stay in the United States. The essay concludes that this trend in wages cannot be explained by the assimilation argument alone. We also report that naturalized citizens command higher returns to higher education than immigrants. The third essay explores issues in regional economics. Kansas has the third largest public highway miles and one of the highest miles per person in the country. Due to declining rural population, counties lack the required tax base and fiscal health to support their large ailing rural road infrastructure. The average farm size is increasing and so is the size of vehicles using the rural roads. This paper suggests removing some rural low volume roads from the county road network as one option. I study three Kansas counties to analyze the cost-benefit of reducing low volume road miles. I find that rural counties will be able to save money by closing some low volume roads.

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15

Yerokhin, Oleg. "Three essays on the economics of innovation and regional economics." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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16

Lundgren, Björn. "Regional tillväxt : En studie enligt Economics-base modellen." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5996.

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Denna uppsats använder branschvis sysselsättningsförändring i Sveriges 21 län mellan åren1995-2002 som ett mått på regional tillväxt. Alla branscher i ett län delas in enligt SNIsystemetsbranschklassificering. För varje bransch beräknas enligt Economic-base modellenen lokaliseringskoefficient som visar branschens sysselsättningsandel i länet i förhållande tilldess sysselsättningsandel i riket. Den bransch som i respektive län uppvisar högst värde påkoefficienten benämns basindustri. Sambandet mellan sysselsättningsförändringen i varje länsbasindustri och länets totala sysselsättningsförändring undersöks genom en paneldatastudie.Förutom basindustrins sysselsättningsförändring används den länsvisa befolkningsnivån somförklarande variabel. Paneldataundersökningen visar att basindustrinssysselsättningsförändring signifikant förklarar en del av total sysselsättningsförändring i sexav länen. I tre av dessa län kan basindustrins sysselsättningsförändring sägas varatillväxtdrivande medan den i tre län påverkar tillväxten negativt.

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17

Puga, Diego. "Regional integration and the location of economic activity." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263362.

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18

Weinstein, Amanda L. "A Regional Approach to Productive Skills." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373386096.

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19

McRae-Williams, Pamela. "Wine and regional tourism : Cluster complementarity and regional development." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2005. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/35842.

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This thesis investigates the impact of clustering on the development and operation of wine and tourism industries in Victoria, Australia. Specifically, the research analyses the structure and competitive strength of industry players, and highlights the importance of geographic co-location on their behaviour. In essence, this study examines micro-clusters in these regional industries to identify overlap and complementarity between them. The research focuses on three case studies based around geographic locations in Central and Western Victoria - Ballarat, Northern Grampians and Bendigo regions. "The primary aim of the study is to gain an understanding of the scope of wine and tourism micro-clusters and how they interact. [...] Generally speaking, this study develops and applies a framework that demonstrates the relevance of cluster theory as a regional development tool for scenarios that fucus on co-located clusters at a micro level, as opposed to the majority of research reported that focuses on the macro level." Doctor of Philosophy

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20

Teixeira, Alexandre Coelho. "Economia e espaço : da questão regional a questão nacional." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285751.

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Orientador: Carlos Americo Pacheco Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T08:50:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_AlexandreCoelho_D.pdf: 1498222 bytes, checksum: 58854c67e36dbc75421b8a76418d5eaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 Resumo: O presente trabalho investiga a permanência em tempo de globalização da questão nacional no que diz respeito ao sentido das reestruturações econômicas capazes de assegurar a inserção soberana das sociedades contemporâneas num mundo em transformação. Chama atenção da Economia Regional e da Geografia Econômica para essa permanência. Isso é importante para a análise regional não obliterar mudanças estruturais que reafirmam o sentido de construção do que clássicos da Economia Política chamam de "sistemas econômicos nacionais". Neste sentido, são reunidas evidências de que por detrás das agendas liberais, os governos atuais recorrem às ações pautadas pelo princípio do nacionalismo econômico - princípio que explica o sentido assumido pelas mudanças econômicas no espaço das sociedades em geral, e que na perspectiva da "World Systems Theory" é justificado pelo fato das sociedades modernas se organizarem internamente a partir da competição mundial pela "riqueza capitalista". Assim se revela a ausência de juízo histórico da posição dominante de que estaria ocorrendo a supressão da escala geográfica nacional. Argumenta-se ainda que essa posição é derivada da tese de que se configurou com a globalização a tendência de desaparecimento dos Estados nacionais e, por conseguinte, do seu poder de intervenção na organização da vida econômica; também derivada da hipótese de que indícios de descentralização das ações de governo e de grande expansão dos investimentos diretos estrangeiros constituem evidências de supressão da escala nacional nas reestruturações econômicas como se a acumulação de capital na geografia mundial deixasse de ser comandada pelos investimentos internos, os que rearticulam, nos momentos históricos de "destruição criativa" das estruturas, as atividades econômicas nas jurisdições estatais. Deste modo, demonstra-se que para as sociedades em geral permanece a questão nacional como desafio organizacional interno para se assegurar uma inserção internacional através da "competitividade sistêmica" - e não da competitividade regional (ou local) imaginada por grande parte da produção intelectual. Em seguida, argumenta-se que a desconsideração da permanência da questão nacional revela problemas de interpretação do sentido das reestruturações em questão, o que explica a concordância em torno da supressão da escala nacional como quadro geográfico organizacional da vida econômica. Chega-se à conclusão de que ao contrário do que supõe a produção intelectual corrente, as novas formas de organização regional e local da produção social (como os distritos industriais) reafirmam a articulação das atividades econômicas na forma de sistemas nacionais. É uma posição radicalmente contrária à produção intelectual de fora do Brasil. E em relação à produção intelectual brasileira, é uma posição para defender a necessidade de se combinar a preocupação com os impactos regionais e locais da reestruturação em curso - na distribuição espacial das atividades econômicas, nas desigualdades regionais e na organização política federativa - e a preocupação com a construção nacional. Abstract: This study investigates the permanence of the national issue in time of globalization - with regard to the direction of the economic restructuring capable of ensuring the sovereign insertion of the contemporary societies in a world transformation process. It draws the attention of the Regional Economic and of the Economic Geography for this permanence. This is important for the regional analysis does not obliterate structural changes which reaffirm the direction of this construction, namely by the classics of the Economic Politics "national economic systems." For both reasons, evidences are gathered to show that for behind the liberal agendas of governments, there are so many actions guided by the principle of economic nationalism - in the "World Systems Theory" perspectives - which explain the direction of the economic changes, and are justified by the fact of the modern societies organize themselves first internally to face the global competition for the "capitalist wealth." In this manner, it is possible to observe the absence of historical analysis of the dominant thinking background that national geographical scale is disappearing. It is argued here that this position is derived from a theory affirms that the economic state intervention power tends to disappear, and that there is no evidence that the decentralized government actions and the expansion of foreign direct investment constitute losses of prevalence of nationwide in economic restructuring, This position does not take in account that the capital accumulation in world geography follows commanded by domestic investments, investments that, rearrange as several other historical moments, the "creative destruction" of the structures, and this way, the level of economic activities in state jurisdictions. Thus it is shown that for companies in general remains a national issue as internal organizational challenge to face the international insertion through the "systemic competitiveness" and not "regional" and "local" challenge as imagined by most of the intellectual production. Then, it is still argued that the lack of permanence of the national question reveals problems of interpretation about the direction of the restructuring in question, that explains the acceptance the prevalence of a regional or local - in relation to national level - like an organizational and geographical framework of the economic life. Finally, It reach the conclusion that to the contrary of the current intellectual thinking affirms, the new forms of regional and local organization of social production (such as industrial districts) reaffirm the rearrange of economic activities at the national level - as well as national systems - this is a contrary position to the intellectual production outside of Brazil. In reference to the Brazilian intellectual thinking, this is a position which seeks to uphold the need to combine the concern with the regional and local impacts of the ongoing restructuring - in terms of the spatial distribution of economic activity, regional inequalities and federative political organization - and concern about the national construction. Doutorado Política Social Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

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21

Bhandari, Doleswar Johnson Thomas G. "Three essays in regional economic modeling." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6638.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Thomas G. Johnson. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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22

Nascimento, Thiago Oliveira. "Análise ex-ante do fundo constitucional de financiamento do Nordeste: uma aplicação de equilíbrio geral computável." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-27112017-151629/.

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O Brasil tem na desigualdade regional um tema que historicamente recebe bastante atenção por parte dos pesquisadores e das formulações de políticas públicas. Regiões mais vulneráveis do país são alvos de iniciativas que tentam amenizar o problema da disparidade econômica. Dentre os instrumentos utilizados, o Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Nordeste (FNE) foi criado pela Constituição de 1988 com o intuito de combater as desigualdades intra e inter-regionais na região nordestina. O presente estudo se propõe a avaliar a eficácia do FNE como instrumento de política de combate às desigualdades regionais no Brasil aplicando uma metodologia de equilíbrio geral computável. A retirada do FNE e a realocação do montante do fundo em gastos correntes resultariam em queda no PIB e aumento da concentração da atividade e da desigualdade do PIB per capita, indicando que o FNE funcionaria como indutor de crescimento e cumpriria o objetivo de reduzir a desigualdade entre o Nordeste e o Brasil. Brazil has in regional inequality a subject that historically receives a lot of attention from the researchers and policy makers. The most vulnerable regions in Brazil received initiatives that attempt to attenuate the problem of economic disparity. Among the instruments used, the Northeastern Constitutional Financing Fund was created by the Constitution with the aim of fight against intra and interregional inequalities in the Northeastern region. The present study proposes to evaluate the efficiency of the fund as an instrument of combatant policy of regional inequalities in the Northeast region applying a methodology of computable general equilibrium. The estimation of the scenario with no existence of the fund and its reallocation in government demand implies that income and investment decreases, together with higher concentration of production and inequality of GDP per capita.

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23

Berthelon, Matias. "Essays on regional integration and development economics." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/38.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003. Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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24

Deng, Nanxin. "Three Essays on Regional and Urban Economics." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563314229242396.

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25

Modica, Marco. "Essays in regional and complex urban economics." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2013. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/105/1/Modica_phdthesis.pdf.

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Cities are entities that are not “simple” but “complexly organized”. Theories about geographical structure of cities, land use patterns and cities evolution that explain how cities become spatially ordered are expanding to take in consideration this complexity. The conceptual foundation for the existence of central place hierarchies (i.e. the study of agglomeration economies in cities and trasportation and logistic costs) is now completed by the definition of emergent patterns that are not directly linked to the element of their economic processes but included in their “physic mechanisms” (i.e. the study of complex systems). This dissertation explores some of these aspects by performing empirical applications in the fields of regional and complex urban economics. The dissertation contributes to the long standing debate on the city size distribution. From the empirical standpoint, traditional studies on the distribution of cities typically rely a regularity known as Zipf’s Law. We first investigate some typical shortcomings related to the choiche of the right truncation point to discriminate between upper tail and body of the distribution (chapter 2). Secondly, we invesigate specific conditions leading to a weak form of Gibrat’s law in connection with the different typologies of rank-size distribution (Zipf’s law), by adopting parametric and non-parametric approaches (chapter 3) and, finally, we use both the laws in studying agglomeration forces whithin the European Union (chapter 4).

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Barbosa, Rafael da Silva 1984. "Infraestrutura urbana da região metropolitana da grande Vitória : o caso da serra." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285925.

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Orientador: Claudio Schuller Maciel Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T11:33:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa_RafaeldaSilva_M.pdf: 3139373 bytes, checksum: 7dcc1b0727f22489e24adb3724559411 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 Resumo: Atualmente o território capixaba, mais precisamente a Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória sofre grandes transformações no âmbito econômico e urbano. O primeiro ativado pelo setor externo de commodities e o segundo como resultado, de certa forma, da pujança econômica da região; engendrando no espaço consideráveis mudanças que por sua vez trazem novas e antigas questões. Uma delas refere-se à infraestrutura, uma variável de suma importância para o desenvolvimento seja econômico ou social de qualquer território. Pois, a quantidade e qualidade de infraestrutura acessível no espaço qualificam e condicionam o processo de desenvolvimento. Desse modo, as análises que versam sobre a infraestrutura envolvem diversas dimensões e setores, dentre as quais se destacam a produtiva e urbana. Diante disso, que o esforço do trabalho consiste em investigar a distribuição da infraestrutura urbana "básica" à luz do desenvolvimento econômico e social do território serrano, salientando a atuação do capital da construção civil na região. Assim sendo, a pergunta que norteia o estudo é: como uma região que produz riqueza a distribui em forma de bens coletivos? Com isto, proporciona-se uma leitura da desigualdade sócioespacial para a cidade da Serra numa concepção de serviços e equipamentos urbanos "básicos", como esgoto, pavimentação, transporte público, coleta de lixo e iluminação publica Abstract: Currently the capixaba territory, specifically the Metropolitan Region of Vitória, undergoes major transformations in the economic and urban. The first activated by the external sector of commodities and the second result, in a sense, the boom in the region, generating considerable changes in space which in turn bring new and old questions. One refers to the infrastructure, a variable of paramount importance for the economic or social development of any territory. Because the quantity and quality of infrastructure available in space qualifies and requirement the development process. Thus, the analysis that deal with the infrastructure involve sectors and many dimensions, among which stand out, the production and urban. Front of this, the work aims to investigate the distribution of "basic" urban infrastructure under the light of economic and social development of serrano territory, stressing the role of capital construction in the region. Therefore the question that guides the study is: how a region that produces wealth distribute it in the form of collective goods? With this, it gives a reading of sociospatial inequality for the Serra's town in a conception of services and "basic" urban equipments as sewer, sidewalks, public transportation, garbage collection and street lighting Mestrado Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

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Rockler, Nicolas O. "Regional economic performance and public infrastructure investment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69757.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000. "February 2000." Includes bibliographical references. Three studies were conducted to analyze the relationship between public infrastructure investment and regional economic performance. The first study examines the literature on economic development and productivity growth. I show that conflicting results from studies by other analysts are the likely result of poor public capital data spanning to short an interval, and an inadequate modeling framework. Public investment may generate small improvements in productivity, but models understate economic impacts owing to the public goods character of some forms of public capital. The second study explores the relationship between economic distress and public infrastructure investment. I use a sample of U.S. counties to analyze public investment according to level of economic distress. With simple investment models, I estimated infrastructure needs for counties with apparent shortfalls. I analyzed the needs-estimates in a series of case studies in which jurisdiction planning and budget personnel were consulted about the accuracy of the estimates. I show that short-run economic distress is not to be linked to public infrastructure investment. Over the long-run, investment varies by level of distress, but as a consequence of private residential investment. The needs-estimating models were reasonably accurate, but missing investment data proved troublesome. Counties proved to be a poor unit of analysis for infrastructure needs, as since significant variation was observed among jurisdictions within counties. The third study demonstrates the need for better estimates of public infrastructure capital stock. I prepared new capital stock estimates for two regions using local investment data and survey-based public capital service lives. I surveyed one thousand jurisdictions in the New England region and the state of Texas. Survey-based service-lives seem to differ significantly from estimated lives. Stock estimates using local investment data and survey-based service-lives produce dramatic differences compared to estimated stocks at the state and regional level. The new data, however, performed just as poorly as other series when used to estimate aggregate production functions. Prior analysts' understanding the relationship between economic performance and public infrastructure investment has been limited because of poor data, and inadequate appreciation of infrastructure's inherent complexity. The research presented here demonstrates that significant improvements are possible and worth undertaking. by Nicholas O. Rockler. Ph.D.

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28

TRAPASSO, RAFFAELE. "Complexity in Regional Economics. Theoretical Modelling and Empirical Applications." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/230.

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Sebbene le regioni (territori che ospitano comunità integrate di abitanti, attività economiche ed istituzioni) siano diventati attori fondamentali dell'economia internazionale, le scienze economiche non sono ancora in grado di fornire un modello capace di interpretare le dinamiche economiche e fornire supporto alle politiche. Il motivo di questo limite è che gli approcci tradizionali non riescono a modellizare la complessità che caratterizza le economie regionali. Il progetto di ricerca si è dunque posto l'obiettivo di discutere tale complessità e verificare la possibilità di fornire un controfattuale. L'analisi ha tenuto in conto l'eterogeneità degli agenti e l'effetto di shock esogeni. Inoltre si è discusso come, a causa della complessità, i policy-makers siano confrontati alla difficoltà di predisporre politiche capaci di anticipare gli shock endogeni ed esogeni. I risultati teorici sono stati utilizzati, in parte, per analizzare la regione metropolitana di Madrid. In particolare si è analizzata la capacità locale di riprodurre una dinamica di crescita. I risultati indicano che anche regioni che attraversano cicli positivi hanno la necessità di ottimizzare l'utilizzo dei fattori di produzione e specializzare la propria economia in settori sostenuti dalla domanda internazionale. Una eccessiva specializzazione in settori non-tradable può, infatti, mettere in discussione la sostenibilità della crescita. Regions (territories hosting integrated communities of citizens, firms, and institutions) have become key actors within the International economy, yet conventional economics cannot provide a model to explain local dynamics and to support policy-making. Such limit is due to complexity characterizing regional economies. Therefore, the present research aims at assessing complexity in regions and verifying the possibility of modelling regional economies. to assess regional economies, The research takes into account heterogeneity of agents as well as exogenous shocks. Moreover the research focuses on the effect of complexity on policy-making. Because of complexity, to be effective, regional policy has to take into account local and external shocks. Such theoretical background is partly used to assess the metropolitan region of Madrid. The empirical analysis shows that even a successful region can be challenged by the sustainability of economic growth. To enhance its international competitiveness, the region has to improve the use of local factors of production and to increase its specialization in sectors that are traded on the international market. An excessive specialization in non-tradable goods may, in fact, challenge growth sustainability.

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29

TRAPASSO, RAFFAELE. "Complexity in Regional Economics. Theoretical Modelling and Empirical Applications." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/230.

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Sebbene le regioni (territori che ospitano comunità integrate di abitanti, attività economiche ed istituzioni) siano diventati attori fondamentali dell'economia internazionale, le scienze economiche non sono ancora in grado di fornire un modello capace di interpretare le dinamiche economiche e fornire supporto alle politiche. Il motivo di questo limite è che gli approcci tradizionali non riescono a modellizare la complessità che caratterizza le economie regionali. Il progetto di ricerca si è dunque posto l'obiettivo di discutere tale complessità e verificare la possibilità di fornire un controfattuale. L'analisi ha tenuto in conto l'eterogeneità degli agenti e l'effetto di shock esogeni. Inoltre si è discusso come, a causa della complessità, i policy-makers siano confrontati alla difficoltà di predisporre politiche capaci di anticipare gli shock endogeni ed esogeni. I risultati teorici sono stati utilizzati, in parte, per analizzare la regione metropolitana di Madrid. In particolare si è analizzata la capacità locale di riprodurre una dinamica di crescita. I risultati indicano che anche regioni che attraversano cicli positivi hanno la necessità di ottimizzare l'utilizzo dei fattori di produzione e specializzare la propria economia in settori sostenuti dalla domanda internazionale. Una eccessiva specializzazione in settori non-tradable può, infatti, mettere in discussione la sostenibilità della crescita. Regions (territories hosting integrated communities of citizens, firms, and institutions) have become key actors within the International economy, yet conventional economics cannot provide a model to explain local dynamics and to support policy-making. Such limit is due to complexity characterizing regional economies. Therefore, the present research aims at assessing complexity in regions and verifying the possibility of modelling regional economies. to assess regional economies, The research takes into account heterogeneity of agents as well as exogenous shocks. Moreover the research focuses on the effect of complexity on policy-making. Because of complexity, to be effective, regional policy has to take into account local and external shocks. Such theoretical background is partly used to assess the metropolitan region of Madrid. The empirical analysis shows that even a successful region can be challenged by the sustainability of economic growth. To enhance its international competitiveness, the region has to improve the use of local factors of production and to increase its specialization in sectors that are traded on the international market. An excessive specialization in non-tradable goods may, in fact, challenge growth sustainability.

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30

Louri-Dendrinos, H. "Regional policy and investment in Greek manufacturing industry : 1971-1982." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371695.

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31

Fattouh, Bassam. "On the competitiveness, emergence, and regional links of financial centres." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28469/.

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The purposes of this thesis are first, to provide a general framework to analyse the location of financial activity, second, to study the emergence and evolution of banking centres centres and finally, to test empirically several hypotheses related to banking centres and their links with regional economies. In the first part of the thesis, we examine the impact of information asymmetry on the degree of centralisation of banking activity by incorporating spatial factors in a model of credit rationing. We next discuss the main factors that push bank to locate near each other and explore how pecuniary externalities in the form of backward and forward linkages can generate a powerful agglomeration force in the banking industry. We also analyse the path dependence process in financial centres and the conditions under which this process can be broken. In the second part of the thesis, we make an important contribution to the literature by providing an original theoretical framework to explain the emergence and evolution of banking centres. Unlike the existing literature which attributes the emergence of banking centres only to differences in regulatory and tax structure or other inherent geographical attributes, our model emphasises the importance of economies of scale in financial intermediation as being the major determinant of emergence. This allows for an element of indeterminacy in the model and hence other factors such as historical chance or "first mover" advantage can play an important role in determining which country emerges as a financial centre. The theoretical framework is then extended to examine the evolution of cross border banking over time and the determinants of the nature of banking systems; issues which remain unexplored in the literature on banking centres. In the last part of the thesis, we provide an empirical analysis on the main determinants of banks' location using new data series and a novel empirical approach which takes into account the major features of banking centres. Finally, we provide a novel empirical analysis of the links between banking centres' financial development and regional economic activity, using Hong Kong as a study case.

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32

Zeelie, Eben Johannes. "Benchmark value chain clusters, agglomeration economies and dynamic externalities : an intergrated approach to regional economic development." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1086.

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From the broad overview of the cluster literature, the proposition emerges that the manipulation of regional economic structural and cluster factor conditions within a geographically proximate region can translate into sustainable regional economic growth outcomes. As a first step in exploring this research, a theoretical framework for the conceptualisation of industry clusters was established and a methodological framework applied to statistically identify major manufacturing value chain clusters in the Eastern Cape Province. This methodology combines a strength-of-linkage measure for all pairs of supply and use sectors (as revealed in the systematic analysis of intermediate purchasing and sales patterns in the South African Final Supply and Use Tables: 2002) with the application of Ward’s hierarchical cluster algorithm to map the national benchmark value chain clusters in the South African national economy. The ensuing national value chain benchmark cluster framework was then transposed to the Eastern Cape Province to reveal cluster concentrations and gaps that exist in the value chain clusters in the province. The methodology applied in this study provides an objective and clear perspective of inter-industry linkages in the South African economy and produces more detailed and evenly distributed clusters than traditional cluster identification methodologies. Secondary linkages were determined for each of the twenty-six core value chain clusters to depict the diversity of sectors linked to the respective core clusters. In transposing the national benchmark value chain cluster framework onto the Eastern Cape Province economy, a number of distinct advantages emerge. Firstly, it reveals gaps in value chain cluster groupings that may be filled through industry recruiting or regional business development strategies. However, not all industries absent from value chain clusters in the region are equally attractive for recruitment. Henceforth, the number of direct and indirect linkages to industries absent from the Eastern Cape Province serves as a measure of their relative attractiveness when considering their recruitment into the region. vi The benchmark value chain cluster framework alone does not explain which agglomeration externalities are generated and exploited within each cluster, but it served as the overarching framework for the remainder of the research. Accordingly, the value chain cluster framework was applied to evidence whether specialisation, competition or diversity (represented by MAR, Porter and Jacobs economies respectively) is the operative mechanism in generating cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province. Since agglomeration externalities are not directly observable, construct-valid indicators for the various externalities, as well as appropriate mechanisms to empirically assess the statistical relevance of MAR-, Porter and Jacobs economies in stimulating cluster growth, were established. This thesis added to agglomeration literature by disaggregating the standard measure of diversity externalities into two unique diversity indicators, namely supply diversity (SDiv) and use diversity (UDiv). The SDiv- and UDiv coefficients measure the degree to which a value chain cluster’s supplying/user sectoral mix at provincial level differs from that of the cluster grouping at the national level. This distinction between supply-and use diversity developed in this study firstly provides a clearer insight into the relative regional presence of supplying- and using sectors to the various value chain clusters, and secondly, serves as a useful mechanism to regional policymakers in identifying industries that may be targeted for investment into a region. Therefore, by separating the diversity into its two components, a clear distinction can be drawn between the impact of supplying- and using sectors on value chain cluster growth in a particular region. From a narrow perspective, the empirical findings validate both the Marshall Arrow Romer- (small positive impact of regional cluster concentration) and the Jacobs theory (significant positive impact of cluster supply- and use diversity on cluster growth), while it invalidates Porter’s theory (no correlation between competition and cluster performance). The positive effect size recorded between the level of value chain cluster concentration and differential growth indicates that policy makers in the Eastern Cape Province will be well advised to direct growth interventions towards larger concentrated clusters, than towards smaller, incipient value chain clusters. Additionally, vii the effectiveness of targeted inward FDI to the Eastern Cape Province may be raised by evaluating the economic impact against current value chain cluster structure, as well as the effect on the supply- and use diversities of existing value chain clusters in the province. This thesis has also illustrated that value chain clusters that are concentrated in the region, show a positive effect size with the level of supply diversity in the region. Conversely, value chain clusters that reflect high levels of competitiveness record a positive effect size with use diversity. Policy interventions aimed at raising the performance of value chain clusters typified by smaller players in a competitive environment, should therefore consider raising the respective levels of use diversity in the region. This research awakens the proposition that a reliance on a serendipitous approach to generate dynamic externalities is not sufficient, and that certain factor conditions favour the transfer of tacit knowledge between cluster members. Accordingly, this research empirically explored whether statistically significant relationships can be detected between the common cluster elements, or factor conditions, that serve as conduits for the transfer of dynamic externalities and value chain cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province. The findings indicate that linkages with knowledge generating institutions in the Eastern Cape Province do, albeit to a relatively small extent, have an impact on value chain cluster growth, and validates the assertion that cognitive enhancing institutions contribute to cluster growth. The importance of backward and forward linkages in nurturing regional growth is signified by the moderate effect size recorded by the level of vertical linkages and total value chain cluster growth. Similarly, a moderate effect size was recorded between the level of horizontal linkages and value chain cluster growth, which shows that cooperation amongst competing firms do stimulate cluster and regional growth in the Eastern Cape Province and affirms the proposition that inter-firm linkages on both vertical- and horizontal levels stimulate cluster growth. An expectation was that the institutional framework conditions would have a significant impact on value chain cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province. However, the empirical findings reflect that the institutional framework conditions have no statistical impact on value chain cluster growth. The study also found a moderate, positive effect size between value chain cluster size (number of employees) and growth, which shows viii that size matters in regional growth. In other words, in contrast to their European counterparts, the larger the number of employees per value chain cluster, the greater the impact on value chain cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province.

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33

Sanner, Helge. "Bargaining structure and regional unemployment insurance." Universität Potsdam, 2001. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1370/.

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We examine the effects of regionalising the budget of unemployment insurance (UI) on wages, employment, and on UI parameters, which, for their part, determine the agents’ preferences concerning such a reform. A numerical example shows that, under reasonable assumptions, the intuition that the reform would enhance efficiency and improve the economic situation of agents from the low- unemployment region to the disadvantage of agents from the high- unemployment region is not valid in general.

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34

Blien, Uwe, and Helge Sanner. "Structural change and regional employment dynamics." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1442/.

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A casual look at regional unemployment rates reveals that there are vast differences, which cannot be explained by different institutional settings. Our paper attempts to trace these differences in the labor market performance back to the regions' specialization in products that are more or less advanced in their product cycle. The model we develop shows how individual profit and utility maximization endogenously yields higher employment levels in the beginning. In later phases, however, employment decreases in the presence of process innovation. Our model suggests that the only way to escape from this vicious circle is to specialize in products that are at the beginning of their "economic life". The model is based on an interaction of demand and supply side forces.

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35

Cloney, Mark James. "Regional development in Australia : rethinking the basis for regional policy." Phd thesis, Faculty of Economics and Business, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12120.

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36

Hermansson, Annick. "Regional Integration in Southern African Development Community.Politics Versus Economics : Politics versus Economics." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Political Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-8563.

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Regional integration has gained keen drive since the 1980s throughout the world. Political and economic considerations complement each other in any kind of process; yet classical economic integration theory would advocate that regional integration is an economic process occurring largely as a result of greater interaction between neighboring states, functioning almost like a kind of invisible hand. This theory is based on the historical example of the development of the European Union, yet it completely discounts the fact that the European Union was first and foremost a political project. Such also has been the case with the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), the world’s oldest customs union, and with the Southern African Development Cooperation Conference (SADCC) and its successor, the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Using the new regionalisms approach, with focus on SADC as a representative regional economic community, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the extent to which politics rather than economic considerations, has determined the establishment and functioning of SADCC (1980-1992) and thereafter of SADC (from August 17, 1992) and to point out the impact, that these political-driven processes has had on the development of the southern African region integration. A qualitative content analysis is used for data collection while policy analysis is brought out using the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. The results of this study reveal divergence between policy formulation (political) and policy implementation (economic) when it comes to enhancing the developmental aspects in the unfolding regional integration process, yet both equally influential. Moreover, policy formulation at the collective-action level still lacks concrete strategies and plans for the harmonization and implementation of regional initiatives. Some of the strategies for deepening the regional integration process would include prioritizing regional commitments to external ones and improving policy formulation as well as establishing linkages between different regional policies and strategies.Keywords: Regional integration; regionalism, political economic development; regional and Southern African Development Community.

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37

Rivera, Ashley Caron. "Economic development at the Port of Brunswick: an analysis of the impact of infrastructure improvements." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33964.

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Between 1999 and 2007, a series of infrastructure improvements were completed at the Port of Brunswick, Georgia, in order to increase cargo capacity at the port. This paper looks at the port for indications of economic development generated through this infrastructure investment. Infrastructure improvements impact Georgia's economy by making additional cargo throughput possible through the Port of Brunswick by enabling larger cargo vessels to access the port. Additional cargo traffic generates economic opportunity by creating jobs to handle, move, sell and produce this new cargo volume. This analysis investigates what the infrastructure improvements accomplished in terms of improved port operations, what measurable impact they have had on throughput at the port, and associates these changes with economic gains for the State of Georgia. Primary research is used to determine exactly what infrastructure projects were undertaken and how each impacted the port in terms of operations, actual new business and potential growth. This data on increased cargo volumes, realized and potential, is translated into statewide economic impact through existing data on how port traffic affects economic indicators such as output, gross state product, income and employment. The infrastructure improvements created measurable gains at the Port of Brunswick in terms of increased cargo volumes and new business contracts. The effect through the State of Georgia is much greater when economic multipliers are considered.

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38

Giesecke, James Andrew David. "FEDERAL-F : a multi-regional multi-sectoral dynamic model of the Australian economy /." Title page, appendix, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg4554.pdf.

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39

Wallin, Tina. "Firm renewal in the regional economy." Doctoral thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38235.

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This thesis consists four independent papers. In each paper the purpose is to analyse firm renewal, with special consideration to regional characteristics. Highlighted here are the knowledge available in the region where a firm is located as well as the local supply of financial intermediaries. The first paper analyses how the interaction of firms’ internal and external knowledge, in terms of knowledge intensive business services (KIBS), is related to the intensive and extensive margins of export flows. The second paper can be considered a continuation of the first, as the focus is solely on the export of new products. Also here, the interaction of internal and external knowledge is the main focus, analysed through education types. The results of these papers suggest that the regional contexts are indeed relevant for firm renewal, as firms that benefit from being located in areas with high external knowledge already have high internal knowledge. The third paper shifts focus to the innovation process itself by analysing how the access to the local supply of banks is related to firms’ perceived obstacles for innovation activities. The results indicate that lower access to banks increases the probability to experience problems obtaining external capital, which could be detrimental for firms’ renewal possibilities in the long run. The fourth paper focus on the creation of firms and analyses whether individuals are more or less likely to be self-employed after having children in a context where an extensive welfare system exists. The results show that individuals are less likely to be self-employed after having children than before, thus lowering the rate of firm renewal in the economy.

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40

Schöler, Klaus. "Regional market areas at the EU border." Universität Potsdam, 2000. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1364/.

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41

Eickhof, Norbert. "Regional- und Industriepolitik in den neuen Bundesländern." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1427/.

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Inhalt 1 Ausgangslage 2 Regional- und industriepolitische Maßnahmen 2.1 Begriffliche Vorbemerkungen 2.2 Wichtige Maßnahmenbereiche 2.3 Brutto- und Nettotransfers 3 Auswirkungen 4 Regional- und industriepolitische Reformalternativen 4.1 Fortführung der Solidarpakts 4.2 Sonderwirtschaftszone Ost 4.3 Förderung der Infrastruktur 5 Fazit

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42

Thomas, Alun Huw. "Labor and capital mobility : a regional analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13106.

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43

Dunne, Janeen Mary. "Towards a regional development strategy for Namaqualand." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15857.

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Bibliography: leaves 269-279. Initiated by the Second Carnegie Conference on Poverty in South Africa, this study analyses the causes and extent of underdevelopment and poverty in Namaqualand and outlines a possible approach to redress these problems. Namaqualand is shown to be a sparsely populated area, the physical characteristics of which are both a fundamental cause of underdevelopment and a constraint on future development. It is argued that competition for land and other resources is an important cause of poverty in the region. The processes by which the indigenous population was forced into uninhabitable areas, and mission stations were established to reserve land for local people, are traced. The contradictory role of missionaries is analysed as well as Government and other's efforts to coerce the region's inhabitants into wage labour. Relevant literature is reviewed to elucidate underdevelopment and the scope for future development. The conclusion drawn is that no body of theory adequately explains Namaqualand's underdevelopment or offers workable solutions. An eclectic approach is adopted. The present socio-economic characteristics of the population and the state of development in the major economic sectors are described. It is evident that there is little economic diversification. Namaqualand's inhabitants depend heavily on economic activities vulnerable to marked fluctuations. Employment opportunities are limited. Living standards are constrained by poor education, physical and social mobility. Current development projects and strategies are listed and analyzed. Initiatives taken by various development agents are found to have been retarded by the constraints already mentioned. It is concluded that they lack co-ordination and do not form part of a clearly formulated development strategy. A development proposal encompassing distinct strategies is presented. These are: (i) to enhance economic mobility (ii) to improve the quality of life (iii) to exploit development potential. The ways in which these strategies complement one another are outlined, and government's role emphasized. It is argued that efforts should be concentrated on activities in which Namaqualand appears to have a comparative advantage. The need for applied research into appropriate projects and techniques is stressed as is community involvement in all phases. Close co-operation between development agents is essential. Finally in an addendum some constraints and parallels between Namaqualand and some smaller black homelands in South Africa are drawn. Statutory influx control has not determined Namaqualand's low population mobility. Emigration is possible and should constitute a vital element of any development strategy for the region. The effect on the rest of South Africa would be negligible compared to the black homeland's surplus population. At the same time the need for local government initiatives and for the transfer of public resources into such regions is stressed.

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44

Tödtling, Franz, Michaela Trippl, and Lukas Lengauer. "Towards regional knowledge economics. Routes and policy options." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/266/1/document.pdf.

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In recent years a move towards knowledge economies has been observed in many advanced countries. Knowledge based sectors and related activities have been expanding rapidly. However, the preconditions for developing such activities differ strongly between types of regions, depending on their location conditions, firm structure and institutional fabric. The regional innovation systems (RIS) approach captures such different settings in a useful way, allowing us to distinguish e.g. between well endowed and networked, fragmented and thin RIS. Using this approach we will study which conditions, potentials and barriers exist in different types of RIS for developing knowledge based industries and activities, and which routes and policy options might be adequate in different regional settings. We investigate these questions at first conceptually, drawing on the literature on RIS, and location and clustering of knowledge based sectors. Empirically we will present evidence on three regions in Austria (Vienna, Upper Austria and Salzburg) representing different types of RIS. Based on the conceptual findings we will compare these regions regarding their RIS characteristics, their preconditions for and strengths of knowledge based sectors focussing in particular on the ICT sector. Furthermore we will analyse routes and policy options for developing knowledge based sectors for such different types of regions. (author´s abstract) Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

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45

Eiser, David. "Regional economics and constitutional change in the UK." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26053.

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The UK, traditionally one of the more fiscally centralised of OECD countries, is currently in the midst of an extensive programme of tax decentralisation. This is most evident in Scotland. Ten years ago the Scottish Government was almost wholly reliant on a block grant from the UK Government to fund its spending, and debate was focussed on how the determination of this grant should be reformed. Today the Scottish Government has far greater fiscal autonomy. Income tax was almost fully devolved to the Scottish Parliament in April 2017, and around half of VAT revenues will be assigned to Scotland by 2020. As a result, the devolved Scottish budget will in future be linked much more closely to Scotland’s economy, and Scottish politicians will be able to deviate from UK policy on the setting of income tax and various smaller taxes. The objective of this PhD is to examine the economic and political motivations for and implications of greater fiscal decentralisation, with a particular focus on the Scottish case. Its key over-arching questions include: • Which fiscal powers are more and less suitable for decentralisation, and what might constraints might a devolved government face in exercising devolved tax powers? • To what extent are the objectives of fiscal decentralisation compatible with the goal of inter-regional equity in public good provision? • To what extent is fiscal decentralisation likely to enhance the incentives faced by politicians in a devolved parliament to pursue particular types of policy? And to what extent does the answer to this question depend upon the way in which supporting fiscal institutions, notably including the design of block grant arrangements, influence this? • What factors determine regional economic performance, and to what extent can devolved governments be held accountable for (or face the budgetary consequences of) those trends? • To what extent might fiscal decentralisation assuage or accentuate demands for Scottish independence? This PhD consists of four academic papers covering aspects of regional economics and constitutional change in the UK, with a particular focus on Scotland. Each of the four papers is preceded by an abstract. An introductory chapter provides theoretical and policy context within which the four papers are situated. A concluding section to the PhD is provided in Chapter 6. The four papers cover the following topics: • Paper 1 (Chapter 2) was published in the immediate aftermath of the Scottish independence referendum of 2014, and considers the issues and constraints involved in devolving further fiscal powers to the Scottish Parliament. • Paper 2 (Chapter 3) considers the scope for replacing the Barnett Formula (used to allocate funding to the Scottish Government) with a form of spending-needs assessment, based on a comparative analysis of formulae used within England and Scotland to allocate health funding to territorial health boards. • Paper 3 (Chapter 4) examines how regional labour markets in the UK responded to the 2008/9 recession and its aftermath, and considers which factors may have influenced regional resilience to the recession. • Paper 4 (Chapter 5) examines the factors that determine differential growth in regional income tax revenues, and considers the extent to which it is reasonable to hold devolved governments wholly to account for differential economic performance. • Chapter 6 concludes.

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46

Smith, David Matthew. "The Channel Tunnel rail link : opportunities and problems for regional economic development." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1734.

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The regional economic impact of the Channel Tunnel has engendered much public and private sector interest. Previous studies examining the regional implications of the Tunnel have argued that related development pressures will be largely confined to South East England, further widening the "North-South" divide. Economic Potential Analysis was earlier employed by Clark el. al. (1969) and Keeble et. al. (1982a) to model the geographical impact of the Tunnel on the relative accessibility of the UK regions. The conclusions drawn from these studies support the proposition that the South East would gain at the expense of the more peripheral regions. However, the important implications of a rail-only Tunnel have yet to be modelled. The results of the present study show that opportunities created by the Tunnel could be spread more evenly than had previously been predicted. However, following a review of the legislative and policy environment of the Tunnel and related infrastructure, it is argued that as a result of British Government inaction the more peripheral UK regions are likely to be unable to maximise any potential benefits created. Nonetheless, the overall regional economic impact of the Tunnel will depend ultimately on the reactions of the business community (Pieda 1989a&b). The findings of a questionnaire survey carried out for this thesis reveal a considerable degree of similarity in perceptions and anticipated usage of the Tunnel for companies in the South East and South West, including the "Far South West". If this similarity is apparent after the Tunnel opens, the regional economic structure of the UK might only be marginally affected.

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Powell, S. G. "Developments in the Chinese rural economy, 1978-1985 : Six regional case-studies." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373472.

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48

Wu, Zhongmin. "Regional unemployment, rural-to-urban migration and the economic reforms of China." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390677.

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49

Kim, Yong-Lyoul. "Spatial econometric analysis of highway and regional economy in Missouri." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4373.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (April 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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50

Junior, Carlos Alberto Gonçalves. "Estimando sistemas subnacionais e globais de insumo-produto, o método é importante? comparando aplicações para o Brasil e para o mundo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12140/tde-27092018-145814/.

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A maior integração econômica ocorrida nas últimas décadas, principalmente decorrente da fragmentação do processo produtivo, tornou indispensável a análise da região em um contexto territorialmente mais amplo. Consequentemente, os modelos inter-regionais de insumoproduto, capazes de incorporar à análise aspectos de interdependência regional, ganharam muita relevância. No entanto, a escassez de dados primários para a construção desses modelos impôs a necessidade da estimação de algumas informações que usualmente não estão disponíveis. Desta forma, decorrente das diferentes combinações das técnicas de estimação existentes, sistemas inter-regionais de insumo-produto, para um mesmo conjunto de regiões, em um mesmo ano, podem ser diferentes em termos partitivos e holísticos. Diante do exposto, a presente tese tem como objetivo avaliar como a escolha do método, na estimação dos sistemas inter-regionais, pode influenciar os resultados da análise de insumo-produto, em contextos nacionais e subnacionais. Para isso, inicialmente, são estimados dois sistemas interestaduais de insumo-produto para as 27 UFs brasileiras, utilizando dois dos principais métodos presentes na literatura nacional, o Interregional Input-Output Adjustment System - IIOAS e o Tabela de Usos e Produção Inter-regionais - TUPI. Em seguida, os dois sistemas são comparados. Mesmo apresentando diferenças partitivas significativas, os dois métodos aprestaram bastante acurácia holística, de maneira que a utilização do IIOAS ou o TUPI na estimação do sistema interregional para as 27 UFs brasileiras não compromete, de forma geral, os resultados da análise de insumo-produto. No entanto, para estudos específicos, que envolvam um determinado setor ou uma determinada região, principalmente se esta estiver no Norte do Brasil, é preciso que o analista esteja atento às possíveis variações observadas no presente estudo. Posteriormente, foram descritos e comparados dois dos principais sistemas globais de insumo-produto, o Intercountry Input-Output Model - ICIO - da OCDE e a World Input-Output Table - WIOT - da WIOD. Semelhante ao que ocorreu com os sistemas subnacionais, a baixa acurácia partitiva entre os valores estimados pelo ICIO e a WIOT não se converteu em baixa acurácia holística, isto é, não comprometeu os resultados da análise de insumo-produto para a grande maioria dos países. No entanto, quando se trata de uma análise específica para alguns países como Malta, Chipre, Lituânia e Luxemburgo, e/ou alguns setores, principalmente os de serviços, é preciso ter em conta alguns apontamentos feitos neste estudo. Ao considerarem-se os resultados para modelos globais e subnacionais de forma conjunta, conclui-se que uma política pública orientada por qualquer um dos sistemas aqui estimados não será comprometida. No entanto, esta pesquisa abordou apenas alguns dos principais métodos disponíveis para a construção de modelos inter-regionais de insumo-produto. Um possível desdobramento é a inclusão de outros métodos no processo de comparação, no intuito de corroborar ainda mais a literatura acerca da importância da escolha do método. The fragmentation of the productive process led to a greater economic integration in the last decades, making it indispensable to analyze the region in a wider territorial context. Consequently, the interregional input-output models have gained relevance due to their incorporating aspects of regional interdependence. However, the scarcity of survey data required for the construction of these models, compelled the use of non-survey techniques to estimate non-available information. Because of various possible combinations of non-survey techniques, interregional input-output systems for the same set of regions in the same year may be different in partitive and holistic terms. Thus, this thesis aims to evaluate how the choice among different interregional systems estimation methods can influence the results of inputoutput analysis in national and subnational approaches. Initially, two interstate input-output systems are estimated for the 27 Brazilian UFs, using two of the main methods in the Brazilian literature, the Interregional Input-Output Adjustment System (IIOAS) and the Supply and Use Interregional Tables (TUPI). When comparing these two systems, even with expressive differences in partitive terms, they presented a high holistic accuracy. Therefore, the use of IIOAS or TUPI to build an interregional system for the 27 Brazilian UFs does not compromise the results of the input-output analysis. Nonetheless, for specific studies that involve a specific sector or region, the analyst must be aware of the possible variations observed in this study, especially if they are in the North of Brazil. Subsequently, two of the most important global input-output systems, Intercountry Input-Output Model (ICIO) from OECD and the World Input-Output Table (WIOT) from WIOD were described and compared. Like IIOAS and TUPI, the low partitive accuracy between systems estimated from ICIO and WIOT did not turn into a low holistic accuracy, i.e., it did not compromise the results of the input-output analysis for most countries. However, when it comes to a specific analysis for some countries such as Malta, Cyprus, Lithuania and Luxembourg and/or some sectors, especially service sectors, it is necessary to consider some remarks pointed out in this study. Considering the results for global and subnational models, it is concluded that, in a general way, the use of any system here estimated would not compromise public policies. Nevertheless, this research addressed just some of the main available interregional input-output estimation methods. A possible future development of this study would be the inclusion of other methods in the comparison process, to further support the literature about the importance of the method.

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