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1
Salazar-Ardiles, Camila, Alexander Pérez-Arancibia, Leyla Asserella-Rebollo, and Benito Gómez-Silva. "Presence of Free-living Acanthamoeba in Loa and Salado Rivers, Atacama Desert, Northern Chile." Microorganisms 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2022): 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122315.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Substantial knowledge has accumulated on the microbiome of the hyperarid Atacama Desert during the last two decades; however, information on Atacama free-living amoebae (FLA) is limited and increasing efforts are required. FLA are polyphyletic heterotrophic naked or testate protists that feed on organic matter, fungi, protozoa, and bacteria and may disseminate infections. Amoebae in Chile are represented by 416 taxa and 64 genera, and 29 taxa have been identified in arid shrub lands at the southern limit of the Atacama Desert, and Acanthamoeba are present in all the country’s regions. To expand our knowledge and to contribute to the biogeographic distribution of Atacama FLA, we report the dominant presence of members of the genus Acanthamoeba in water and sediment sampled at the Loa and Salado rivers in the pre-Andean zone of the Antofagasta Region, northern Chile, at sites 2500 m above sea level. We expect these observations and preliminary evidence of FLA presence in other wetlands (Chiuchiu, Tebenquiche) in this region to be incentive for further exploration of Atacama amoebae.
2
Yang, Dong-Hui, Johannes von Kalckreuth та Rudolf Allmansberger. "Synthesis of the ςD Protein Is Not Sufficient To Trigger Expression of Motility Functions inBacillus subtilis". Journal of Bacteriology 181, № 9 (1 травня 1999): 2942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.9.2942-2946.1999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The gene encoding ςD, sigD, is transcribed from two promoter regions, the fla/che promoter region in front of the fla/che operon and P sigD directly in front of sigD. If ςD is translated from transcripts originating from P sigD , the cell is unable to express motility functions but synthesizes autolysins. Therefore, one function of the additional promoter is to allow the cell to express autolysins without expressing motility functions as well.
3
Reynaud, Yann, Célia Ducat, Antoine Talarmin, and Isabel Marcelino. "Cartography of Free-Living Amoebae in Soil in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) Using DNA Metabarcoding." Pathogens 9, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060440.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous protists. Pathogenic FLA such as N. fowleri can be found in hot springs in Guadeloupe, soil being the origin of this contamination. Herein, we analyzed the diversity and distribution of FLA in soil using a targeted metataxonomic analysis. Soil samples (n = 107) were collected from 40 sites. DNA was extracted directly from soil samples or from FLA cultivated at different temperatures (30, 37 and 44 °C). Metabarcoding studies were then conducted through FLA 18SrDNA amplicons sequencing; amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were extracted from each sample and taxonomy assigned against SILVA database using QIIME2 and SHAMAN pipelines. Vermamoeba were detected in DNA extracted directly from the soil, but to detect other FLA an amoebal enrichment step was necessary. V. vermiformis was by far the most represented species of FLA, being detected throughout the islands. Although Naegleria were mainly found in Basse-Terre region, N. fowleri was also detected in Grand Terre and Les Saintes Islands. Acanthamoeba were mainly found in areas where temperature is approx. 30 °C. Vannella and Vahlkampfia were randomly found in Guadeloupe islands. FLA detected in Guadeloupe include both pathogenic genera and genera that can putatively harbor microbial pathogens, therefore posing a potential threat to human health.
4
Wodecka, Beata, Agata Leońska, and Bogumiła Skotarczak. "A comparative analysis of molecular markers for the detection and identification of Borrelia spirochaetes in Ixodes ricinus." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.013508-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, carried by Ixodes ticks, is one of the most significant human pathogens, causing Lyme disease. As there is no standardized PCR method for detection and identification of spirochaete DNA, we carried out a comparative analysis using a set of complementary primers for three regions in the genomic DNA of these bacteria (genes fla and rrs and the non-coding rrs–rrlA region). DNA extracted from 579 Ixodes ricinus ticks was subjected to nested PCR. DNA of the examined spirochaetes was detected in 43 (7.4 %) lysates when the fla gene was used as a molecular marker, in 7 (1.2 %) lysates when using primers complementary to the rrs gene, and in 12 (2.1 %) lysates using primers complementary to the non-coding rrs–rrlA sequence. RFLP analysis based on the fla gene helped identify species from the B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, Borrelia valaisiana), detect co-infections, and also identify Borrelia miyamotoi. Therefore, the fla gene is the most sensitive and specific molecular marker for the detection and identification of Borrelia spirochaetes in I. ricinus.
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Coşkun, Kübra Açıkalın, Semra Özçelik, Lütfi Tutar, Nazif Elaldı, and Yusuf Tutar. "Isolation and Identification of Free-Living Amoebae from Tap Water in Sivas, Turkey." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/675145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present work focuses on a local survey of free-living amoebae (FLA) that cause opportunistic and nonopportunistic infections in humans. Determining the prevalence of FLA in water sources can shine a light on the need to prevent FLA related illnesses. A total of 150 samples of tap water were collected from six districts of Sivas province. The samples were filtered and seeded on nonnutrient agar containingEscherichia colispread. Thirty-three (22%) out of 150 samples were found to be positive for FLA. The FLA were identified by morphology and by PCR using 18S rDNA gene. The morphological analysis and partial sequencing of the 18S rDNA gene revealed the presence of three different species,Acanthamoeba castellanii,Acanthamoeba polyphaga, andHartmannella vermiformis.Naegleria fowleri,Balamuthia mandrillaris, orSappiniasp. was not isolated during the study. AllA. castellaniiandA. polyphagasequence types were found to be genotype T4 that contains most of the pathogenicAcanthamoebastrains. The results indicated the occurrence and distribution of FLA species in tap water in these localities of Sivas, Turkey. Furthermore, the presence of temperature tolerantAcanthamoebagenotype T4 in tap water in the region must be taken into account for health risks.
6
Moscovici, Samuel, Felix Umansky, and Sergey Spektor. "“Lazy” far-lateral approach to the anterior foramen magnum and lower clivus." Neurosurgical Focus 38, no. 4 (April 2015): E14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.2.focus14784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The far-lateral approach (FLA) has become a mainstay for skull base surgeries involving the anterior foramen magnum and lower clivus. The authors present a surgical technique using the FLA for the management of lesions of the anterior/ anterolateral foramen magnum and lower clivus. The authors consider this modification a “lazy” FLA. The vertebral artery (VA) is both a critical anatomical structure and a barrier that limits access to this region. The most important nuance of this FLA technique is the management of this critical vessel. When the lazy FLA is used, the VA is reflected laterally, encased in its periosteal sheath and wrapped in the dura, greatly minimizing the risk for vertebral injury while preserving a wide working space. To accomplish this step, drilling is performed lateral to the point where the VA pierces the dura. The dura is incised medial to the VA entry point by using a slightly curved longitudinal cut. Drilling of the condyle and the C-1 lateral mass is performed in a manner that preserves craniocervical stability. The lazy FLA is a true FLA that is based on manipulation of the VA and lateral bone removal to obtain excellent exposure ventral to the spinal cord and medulla, yet it is among the most conservative FLA techniques for management of the VA and provides a safer window for bone work and lesion management. Among 44 patients for whom this technique was used to resect 42 neoplasms and clip 2 posterior inferior cerebral artery aneurysms, there was no surgical mortality and no injury to the VA.
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Wang, Yaya, Zixin Deng, and Xudong Qu. "Characterization of a SAM-dependent fluorinase from a latent biosynthetic pathway for fluoroacetate and 4-fluorothreonine formation in Nocardia brasiliensis." F1000Research 3 (February 19, 2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.3-61.v1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fluorination has been widely used in chemical synthesis, but is rare in nature. The only known biological fluorination scope is represented by theflpathway fromStreptomyces cattleyathat produces fluoroacetate (FAc) and 4-fluorothreonine (4-FT). Here we report the identification of a novel pathway for FAc and 4-FT biosynthesis from the actinomycetoma-causing pathogenNocardia brasiliensisATCC 700358. The new pathway shares overall conservation with theflpathway inS. cattleya. Biochemical characterization of the conserved domains revealed a novel fluorinase NobA that can biosynthesize 5’-fluoro-5’-deoxyadenosine (5’-FDA) from inorganic fluoride andS-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM). The NobA shows similar halide specificity and characteristics to the fluorination enzyme FlA of theflpathway. Kinetic parameters for fluoride (Km4153 μM,kcat0.073 min-1) and SAM (Km416 μM,kcat0.139 min-1) have been determined, revealing that NobA is slightly (2.3 fold) slower than FlA. Upon sequence comparison, we finally identified a distinct loop region in the fluorinases that probably accounts for the disparity of fluorination activity.
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Hutton, Samuel F., Jay W. Scott, and David J. Schuster. "Recessive Resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus from the Tomato Cultivar Tyking Is Located in the Same Region as Ty-5 on Chromosome 4." HortScience 47, no. 3 (March 2012): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.3.324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a Begomovirus in the family Geminiviridae, is an important disease of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in many parts of the world. Disease is managed primarily by chemical control of the vector, the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), and by growing resistant varieties. Resistance derived from the cultivar Tyking is being used in many breeding programs, but the location of resistance factors has not been reported. The breeding lines Fla. 8753 and Fla. 344 both have high levels of resistance to TYLCV derived from ‘Tyking’ and from S. chilense accession LA 1938, but none of their parent lines contain any of the known genes Ty-1 to Ty-4. An additional resistance locus, Ty-5, was recently identified, and to determine if this locus controls TYLCV resistance in Fla. 8753 and Fla. 344, appropriate segregating populations were analyzed using the Ty-5 marker, SlNAC1. Results show that SlNAC1 cosegregates with a recessive allele derived from ‘Tyking’. We suggest the gene symbol ty-5 be used to describe this gene. Mean disease severity of progeny homozygous for either the resistant or susceptible alleles did not equal parental levels of resistance and susceptibility, respectively, suggesting the involvement of an additional gene that is likely derived from LA1938.
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Yuhki, Naoya, Thomas Beck, Sabrina Selway, Robert Stephens, and Stephen J. O’Brien. "Establishment of a 1.8 Mb sequence draft of feline Mhc (FLA) class I region and comparative sequence analysis of class I region between HLA and FLA." Human Immunology 64, no. 10 (October 2003): S166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2003.08.315.
Повний текст джерела
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Niyyati, Maryam, Zohreh Lasjerdi, Mahdieh Nazar, Ali Haghighi, and Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad. "Screening of recreational areas of rivers for potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae in the suburbs of Tehran, Iran." Journal of Water and Health 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2011.068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A survey was conducted to determine the presence of free-living amoebae (FLA), especially Acanthamoeba and Naegleria, in river recreation areas in Tehran Province, Iran. All rivers surveyed were associated with human activity, and two were also a source of municipal tap water. Fifty-five water samples from 10 major rivers were screened for FLA and identified by morphological characters, PCR amplification targeting specific genes for Acanthamoeba (DF3 region of Rns gene) and other FLA (ITS PCR), and homology analysis. The percentage of positive FLA isolates was 27.3%, of which 80% were Acanthamoeba, assigned to the T4 and T15 genotype, and 20% were Naegleria. Isolation of Acanthamoeba T4 genotype (91.7%) from recreation areas could be a health threat and a sanitary risk associated with human activity where young people and tourists congregate in summer. Posting of warning signs and education of high-risk individuals are important for disease prevention. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of genotype T15 (clustered with A. jacobsi) identified in Iran and the first report of the distribution of FLA such as Naegleria (N. pagei, N. clarki and N. fultoni) in recreation areas in rivers of Tehran Province using molecular methods.
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Bergara, F., C. Ibarra, J. Iwamasa, J. C. Patarroyo, R. Aguilera, and L. M. Márquez-Magaña. "CodY Is a Nutritional Repressor of Flagellar Gene Expression in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 10 (May 15, 2003): 3118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.10.3118-3126.2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Expression of the σD-dependent flagellin gene, hag, is repressed by the CodY protein in nutrient-rich environments. Analysis of a codY mutant bearing a hag-lacZ reporter suggests that the availability of amino acids in the environment is the specific signal that triggers this repression. Further, hag-lacZ expression appears to be sensitive to intracellular GTP levels, as demonstrated by increased expression upon addition of decoyinine. This result is consistent with the postulate that the availability of amino acids in the environment effects intracellular GTP levels through the stringent response. However, the levels of hag-lacZ measured upon the addition of subsets of amino acids suggest an additional mechanism(s). CodY is a DNA binding protein that could repress flagellin expression directly by binding to the hag promoter region, or indirectly by binding to the fla/che promoter region that governs expression of the σD transcriptional activator required for hag gene expression. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we have demonstrated that purified CodY protein binds specifically to both the hag and fla/che promoter fragments. Additionally, CodY acts as a nutritional repressor of transcription from the fla/che promoter region that contains two functional promoters. CodY binds to both the σD- and σA-dependent promoters in this region, as demonstrated by DNase I footprint analyses. Footprint analyses of the hag gene demonstrated that CodY binds downstream of its σD-dependent promoter. Taken together, these results identify new members of the CodY regulon that encode motility functions in Bacillus subtilis and are controlled by the σD alternate sigma factor.
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Yu, Mengshi, Wenhao Li, Xin He, Guiwen He, Yonfang Yao, Yuanjian Wang, Mingcui Shao, Tingsong Xiong, Huailiang Xu, and Junsong Zhao. "Metabarcoding of protozoa and helminth in black-necked cranes: a high prevalence of parasites and free-living amoebae." Parasite 31 (2024): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2024028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parasites and free-living amoebae (FLA) are common pathogens that pose threats to wildlife and humans. The black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) is a near-threatened species and there is a shortage of research on its parasite diversity. Our study aimed to use noninvasive methods to detect intestinal parasites and pathogenic FLA in G. nigricollis using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) based on the 18S rDNA V9 region. A total of 38 fresh fecal samples were collected in Dashanbao, China, during the overwintering period (early-, middle I-, middle II-, and late-winter). Based on the 18S data, eight genera of parasites were identified, including three protozoan parasites: Eimeria sp. (92.1%) was the dominant parasite, followed by Tetratrichomonas sp. (36.8%) and Theileria sp. (2.6%). Five genera of helminths were found: Echinostoma sp. (100%), Posthodiplostomum sp. (50.0%), Euryhelmis sp. (26.3%), Eucoleus sp. (50.0%), and Halomonhystera sp. (2.6%). Additionally, eight genera of FLA were detected, including the known pathogens Acanthamoeba spp. (n = 13) and Allovahlkampfia spp. (n = 3). Specific PCRs were used to further identify the species of some parasites and FLA. Furthermore, the 18S data indicated significant changes in the relative abundance and genus diversity of the protozoan parasites and FLA among the four periods. These results underscore the importance of long-term monitoring of pathogens in black-necked cranes to protect this near-endangered species.
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Amati, Giuseppe, Paola Bisicchia, and Alessandro Galizzi. "DegU-P Represses Expression of the Motility fla-che Operon in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 18 (September 15, 2004): 6003–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.18.6003-6014.2004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis implements several adaptive strategies to cope with nutrient limitation experienced at the end of exponential growth. The DegS-DegU two-component system is part of the network involved in the regulation of postexponential responses, such as competence development, the production of exoenzymes, and motility. The degU32(Hy) mutation extends the half-life of the phosphorylated form of DegU (DegU-P); this in turn increases the production of alkaline protease, levan-sucrase, and other exoenzymes and inhibits motility and the production of flagella. The expression of the flagellum-specific sigma factor SigD, of the flagellin gene hag, and of the fla-che operon is strongly reduced in a degU32(Hy) genetic background. To investigate the mechanism of action of DegU-P on motility, we isolated mutants of degU32(Hy) that completely suppressed the motility deficiency. The mutations were genetically mapped and characterized by PCR and sequencing. Most of the mutations were found to delete a transcriptional termination signal upstream of the main flagellar operon, fla-che, thus allowing transcriptional readthrough from the cod operon. Two additional mutations improved the σA-dependent promoter sequence of the fla-che operon. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we have demonstrated that purified DegU binds specifically to the PA promoter region of the fla-che operon. The data suggest that DegU represses transcription of the fla-che operon, and they indicate a central role of the operon in regulating the synthesis and assembly of flagella.
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Ziegler, R. J., C. Peirce, and K. Bergman. "Mapping and cloning of a fla-che region of the Rhizobium meliloti chromosome." Journal of Bacteriology 168, no. 2 (1986): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.168.2.785-790.1986.
Повний текст джерела
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Estacio, W., S. Santa Anna-Arriola, M. Adedipe, and L. M. Márquez-Magaña. "Dual Promoters Are Responsible for Transcription Initiation of the fla/che Operon in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 14 (July 15, 1998): 3548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.14.3548-3555.1998.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT The fla/che region contains more than 30 genes required for flagellar synthesis and chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis, including the gene for the flagellum-specific ςD factor, sigD. Sequence and primer extension data demonstrate that a PA promoter immediately upstream of flgB, henceforth referred to as thefla/che PA, and the PD-3 promoter are active in vivo. Transcription from the PD-3 element is dependent on ςD activity and is regulated by the flagellum-specific negative regulator, FlgM. In a strain containing a deletion of fla/che PA(PAΔ), ςD protein was not detected, demonstrating that the fla/che PA is necessary for wild-type expression of the sigD gene. Thus,sigD is part of the >26-kb fla/che operon. Consistent with a lack of detectable ςD protein, the PAΔ strain grows as long filaments and does not express a ςD-dependent hag::lacZreporter construct. These phenotypes are indicative of a lack of sigD expression or complete inhibition of ςD activity by FlgM. However, ςD activity is found in a double mutant containing the PAΔ and a null mutation in flgM. The double mutant no longer grows as long filaments, and expression ofhag::lacZ is partially restored. These data demonstrate that a low level of ςDactivity does exist in the PAΔ mutant but can be detected only in the presence of a null mutation inflgM. Therefore, normal expression ofsigD may also involve another promoter(s) within thefla/che operon.
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Roy, Amrita, Catherine Donnelly, Michael Green, Jacqueline Galica, Joan Tranmer, Colleen Grady, Morgan Slater, et al. "Collaboration with Indigenous communities in an integrated care learning health system in Ontario, Canada: a case study of the Frontenac, Lennox & Addington Ontario Health Team." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23199.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context: Health systems in the province of Ontario in Canada have been restructured into Ontario Health Teams (OHTs). OHTs seek to provide integrated care through improving patient experience, improving care provider experience, improving population health outcomes, reducing costs, and addressing health equity - per the Quintuple Aim framework. The Frontenac, Lennox & Addington (FLA) OHT was created in bringing together numerous clinical and community partners, including local Indigenous health groups. Indigenous peoples face health inequities driven by colonization and systematic racism; improving accessibility, cultural appropriateness, and cultural safety of health systems are essential. To ensure that unique needs of Indigenous peoples are met, there should be a collaborative, participatory approach to planning and executing Indigenous-specific evaluation activities, with Indigenous-specific performance indicators.
Objectives: 1) To co-design, implement, and evaluate a governance process for collaboration with Indigenous communities, for Indigenous-focussed evaluation of FLA OHT activities. 2) To nest the above into a case study of the FLA OHT, examining processes for centering Indigenous perspectives and priorities in systems evaluation.
Study Design: Case study method involving community-based participatory research (CBPR), and using principles of Ownership, Control, Access, Possession (OCAP) in ethical Indigenous health research. The research team involves Indigenous members of FLA OHT working groups and tables, other partners and stakeholders from the broader Indigenous communities of the region, Queen’s University (Kingston, Ontario) researchers on the FLA OHT’s evaluation support structure, and other FLA OHT team members. Data used for the case study include focus groups and interviews with Indigenous members, analysis of meeting minutes and other relevant organizational documents, and surveys on team function and Indigenous-specific evaluation activities. Indigenous-specific indicators have been identified through rapid literature reviews and are being incorporated into logic models for evaluation of FLA OHT projects.
Expected Outcomes: 1) A framework to operationalize collaboration between Indigenous stakeholders and mainstream health systems, in the co-design and co-execution of health system evaluation approaches that reflect Indigenous perspectives and priorities. 2) Incorporation of Indigenous-specific evaluation activities for FLA OHT projects.
Results: Work in progress at time of abstract submission.
Conclusions: The framework produced will serve as a practical, operationalized guide to other mainstream health systems and Indigenous groups seeking to collaborate together. The Indigenous-specific evaluation activities will enable thoughtful and rigorous consideration of whether the needs of Indigenous patients and communities are met, and allow for modification of programs and services – per the “learning health system” goal of iterative knowledge production and action to drive continuous improvement. Additionally, this project will strengthen relationships between the region’s mainstream service organizations, policymakers, Queen’s University academic researchers, and local Indigenous peoples. Strengthened relationships will facilitate current and future collaborative work to improve systems, as a step towards addressing health inequities facing Indigenous peoples.
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Skotarczak, Bogumiła, and Beata Wodecka. "Identification of Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies inducing Lyme disease in dogs from Western Poland." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.53.2005.1.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Canine Lyme borreliosis may be caused by three Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies. The prevalence of infection by Borrelia species was determined by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with the enzyme Fsp4H I in the blood of dogs naturally infested by ticks in an endemic region of Poland. Blood samples were collected from 98 dogs of various breeds, delivered to the Veterinary Clinic in Szczecin (northwestern Poland) for various reasons. Nested PCR revealed the presence of DNA characteristic of only 1 genospecies, i.e. B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), in all PCR-positive samples. Digestion of PCR products from a fragment of the fla gene amplified with primers FLA1 and FLA2 gave only one band pattern consistent with the pattern obtained from sequence analysis of the fla gene from a reference isolate of B. burgdorferi s.s. GeHo (X15660) from GenBank.
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SCHWEITZER, NÓRA, ÁDÁM DÁN, ÉVA KASZANYITZKY, PÉTERNÉ SAMU, ÁDÁM GYÖRGY TÓTH, JÁNOS VARGA, and IVELINA DAMJANOVA. "Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolates of Poultry, Swine, and Cattle Origin Collected from Slaughterhouses in Hungary." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-376.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Campylobacter spp. are the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in Hungary, and the aim of this study was to identify the distribution, genotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter species in the most important food-producing animals at the time of slaughter during 2008 and 2009. Of 1,110 samples, 266 were identified as Campylobacter coli (23.9%) and 143 as C. jejuni (12.9%) by real-time PCR. Resistance to enrofloxacin-ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid was significant, especially in C. jejuni (73.3%) and C. coli (77.2%) from broilers. Higher erythromycin (P = 0.043) and tetracycline (P = 1.865e–14) resistance rates were found among C. coli isolates (9.7 and 74.1%, respectively) than among C. jejuni isolates (3.1 and 36.6%, respectively). A total of 47 fla short variable region sequences were identified among 73 selected C. coli and C. jejuni isolates, with 35 fla types detected only once. At the nucleotide level, fla types A66 and A21 were the most common. Using the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method, 66% of strains exhibited unique profiles after SmaI digestion. Forty-two isolates assigned to 18 SmaI clusters were further typed by KpnI, and of these, 24 were assigned to 10 KpnI clusters. For isolates in five KpnI clusters, epidemiological links were observed. Stable C. jejuni and C. coli clones were detected, indicating that further studies involving broiler and human isolates need to be conducted to elucidate the importance of these stable clones in human infections.
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Baig, Abdul Mannan. "“Proposals for Amendments in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Encephalitis caused by Free-living Amoebae”." Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526519666190405170601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Encephalitis caused by Free-living amoebae (FLA) has a mortality rate of around 95- 98%, a fraction that has not changed in the past decades. Pathogenic FLA include Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Naegleria fowleri that are known to target the brain after an extra cerebral infection in the case of Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia mandrillaris, or directly the brain, as in the case of the Naegleria fowleri. The Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) while Naegleria fowleri, the so termed “brain eating amoeba” causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The attempts to obtain a speedy diagnosis and an aggressive treatment protocol are the areas where advances can make a difference and reduce the mortality rates. At first, we highlight the reasons behind the diagnostic delays and treatment failures and provide proposals to establish a quick diagnosis in both PAM and GAE. Secondly, we emphasize the use of a transcribrial device, and a prompt, but vigilant surgical reduction of the intracranial pressure in these patients which could be life-saving. We also debate that an exudate obtained from the olfactory region by irrigation via a modified transcribrial device or by conventional methods, instead of a cerebrospinal fluid sample, could serve as a source of obtaining amoeba in PAM for a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based definitive diagnosis of PAM. Also, introduced is the rationale that has the potential to deliver the drugs to the brain in patients with PAM and the GAE localized to the frontal lobe of the brain, by bypassing the blood brain barrier. We put forward these proposals for debate and deliberation to our fellow colleagues in order to spot the potential of their application to reduce the mortality rates caused by the rare but fatal encephalitis caused by these FLA.
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Niyyati, Maryam, Zohreh Lasgerdi, and Jacob Lorenzo-Morales. "Detection and Molecular Characterization of Potentially Pathogenic Free-living Amoebae from Water Sources in Kish Island, Southern Iran." Microbiology Insights 8s1 (January 2015): MBI.S24099. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/mbi.s24099.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Amoebic keratitis, a sight-threatening corneal infection, mainly occurs in contact lens wearers who wash their eyes with tap water. The present research was conducted to identify the occurrence of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA) in tap water sources on Kish Island, a tourist region in Iran. Amoebae were detected using a culture-enriched method and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/sequencing of the diagnostic fragment 3 region of the 18S rRNA gene of Acanthamoeba. In the case of other free-living amoebae species, PCR/sequencing analysis of the 18S rDNA was conducted. Results of this study showed the presence of Acanthamoeba belonging to T3, T4, T5, and T11 genotypes in tap water sources. Additionally, Vermamoebae vermiformis was detected in three water samples. This is the first report of the Acanthamoeba genotypes T3, T4, T5, and T11 and V. vermiformis species in tap water sources in a tourist region in Iran.
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Todd, Cheridah D., María Reyes-Batlle, José E. Piñero, Enrique Martínez-Carretero, Basilio Valladares, Don Streete, Jacob Lorenzo-Morales, and John F. Lindo. "Isolation and molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba genotypes in recreational and domestic water sources from Jamaica, West Indies." Journal of Water and Health 13, no. 3 (April 8, 2015): 909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Free living amoebae (FLA) are amphizoic protozoa that are ubiquitous in nature. Infection with FLA may result in neurological, ocular and skin infections. Exposure to Acanthamoeba occurs frequently through water contact and knowledge of the presence of the organisms in water sources is important in understanding transmission dynamics. The distribution of Acanthamoeba was studied in recreational and domestic water samples collected from across Jamaica. Morphological assessment and polymerase chain reaction revealed Acanthamoeba spp. isolates in 50.6% (42/83) and 17.3% (14/81) of recreational and domestic water, respectively. Sequencing of the DF3 region of the 18S rDNA resulted in the identification of genotypes T3, T4, T5, T10 and T11 corresponding to Acanthamoeba spp: A. griffini, A. triangularis, A. lenticulata, A. culbertsoni and A. hatchetti. Moreover, T4 was the most frequently isolated genotype in both recreational and domestic water. Thermotolerance and osmotolerance assays indicated that most isolates were potentially pathogenic. This is the first report of T3 and T10 genotypes in the Caribbean and the first report of these Acanthamoeba spp. in Jamaican waters. The study shows that there is potential risk of infection to contact wearers who practise poor lens care. Further, Acanthamoeba should be considered as a cause of neurological infections in Jamaica.
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Nagovitsyna, Ekaterina S., Vassily A. Poddubny, Alexander A. Karasev, Dmitry M. Kabanov, Olga R. Sidorova, and Alexander S. Maslovsky. "Assessment of the Spatial Structure of Black Carbon Concentrations in the Near-Surface Arctic Atmosphere." Atmosphere 14, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The results of the research are numerical estimates of the average fields of black carbon mass concentration in the surface layer of the atmosphere of the Arctic region obtained using the numeric technology referred to as fluid location of the atmosphere (FLA). The modelling has been based on measurements of the black carbon concentrations in the near-surface atmosphere obtained during the two cruises of the Professor Multanovskiy (28 July–7 September 2019) and Akademik Mstislav Keldysh (31 July–24 August 2020) research vessels. These measurements have been supplemented by measurements at stationary monitoring points located on the Spitsbergen and the Severnaya Zemlya archipelagoes. The simulation in the summertime demonstrates that areas of increased black carbon concentrations were observed over Northern Europe and, in 2019, also over the Laptev Sea basin. The obtained spatial distribution of mass concentrations of black carbon qualitatively agreed with the same data derived from the second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) but showed quantitative differences. The average values of mass concentrations of black carbon in the modelling zones are as follows: 85.3 ng/m3 (2019) and 53.6 ng/m3 (2020) for fields reconstructed by the FLA technology; and 261.69 ng/m3 (2019) and 131.8 ng/m3 (2020) for the MERRA-2 data.
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Startsev, Viktor V., Evgenia V. Yakovleva, Ivan N. Kutyavin, and Alexey A. Dymov. "Fire Impact on Carbon Pools and Basic Properties of Retisols in Native Spruce Forests of the European North and Central Siberia of Russia." Forests 13, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fires play an important role in the modern dynamics of boreal ecosystems. The article presents the results of studying the effect of old fires on soils and soil organic matter (SOM) of native spruce forests that were last affected by fires in the previous 100 to 200 years. The studies were carried out in the European north-east of Russia (Komi Republic) and Central Siberia (Krasnoyarsk region). The objects of the study were typical Glossic Stagnic Retisol (Siltic, Cutanic). The time after the fire was determined by dendrochronological methods. Data on the content of water-soluble organic matter and densimetric fractions of soils were obtained; carbon and nitrogen stocks were calculated. The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was established to characterize the effect of fires. Pyrogenic carbonaceous inclusions were morphologically diagnosed 200 years after the fire. In this regard, it is proposed to distinguish a “pyrogenic” subtype for soils with pronounced signs of pyrogenesis. Carbon stocks in soils of the Komi Republic varied from 5.7 to 15.7 kg C m−2, and soils of the Krasnoyarsk region had an accumulation of 6.9–12.5 kg C m−2. The contribution of the pyrogenic horizon Epyr to the total carbon and nitrogen stocks was 9–45%. It is suggested that pyrogenic carbon (PyC) can accumulate in light densimetric fractions (fPOM<1.6 and oPOM<1.6). The analysis of PAH content showed their high concentrations in the organic and upper mineral horizons of the studied soils (24 to 605 ng g−1). The coefficient FLA (fluoranthene)/(FLA+PYR(pyrene)) was the most useful to diagnose the pyrogenic origin of PAHs in the studied Retisols.
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Limberger, R. J., L. L. Slivienski, M. C. El-Afandi, and L. A. Dantuono. "Organization, transcription, and expression of the 5' region of the fla operon of Treponema phagedenis and Treponema pallidum." Journal of bacteriology 178, no. 15 (1996): 4628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.178.15.4628-4634.1996.
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Koyun, İlknur, Zeynep Kolören, Ülkü Karaman, Amalia Tsiami, and Panagiotis Karanis. "Acanthamoeba spp. in river water samples from the Black Sea region, Turkey." Journal of Water and Health 18, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2020.170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The present study aims to investigate the occurrence of free living amoeba (FLA) in water resources (rivers and tap water) in Samsun in the Black Sea. The presence of Acanthamoeba spp. was confirmed in 98 of 192 water samples collected from 32 sites of Samsun province (Samsun centre, Terme, Carsamba, Tekkekoy, Bafra) by PCR. Acanthamoeba spp. were found in 15/36 river samples from Samsun, in 58/90 from Terme, in 12/30 from Carsamba, in 7/18 from Tekkekoy and in 6/18 from Bafra. No Acanthamoeba species were detected in tap water samples. The highest rate in river waters contaminated with Acanthamoeba species was in Terme followed by Samsun centre (41.7%), Carsamba (40%), Tekkekoy (38.9%) and Bafra districts (33.3%), respectively. The result of the subsequent sequence analysis showed Haplotype I (A. triangularis) in 5%, Haplotype II (A. polyphaga) in 29.6%, Haplotype III (Acanthamoeba spp.) in 62% and Haplotype IV (A. lenticulata) in 3%. The most common genotype was Acanthamoeba T4 (Acanthamoeba spp., A. polyphaga, A. triangularis) and T5 genotype was also found in 3%. The T4 genotype is the most common genotype associated with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) worldwide; therefore, humans and animals living in the area are at risk after contact with such waters.
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BORGES, PAULO A. V., ANA S. B. RODRIGUES, SARA E. SILVA, SOFIA G. SEABRA, OCTÁVIO S. PAULO, and JOSÉ A. QUARTAU. "New data on polymorphism of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) from the island of São Miguel (Azores)." Zootaxa 4369, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4369.1.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) is a widespread insect species in the Holarctic region, exhibiting a dorsal colour balanced polymorphism. In the Azores the species is known from high elevations in Terceira and São Miguel islands. A sample of 235 individuals from Pico da Vara and Graminhais protected areas (São Miguel, Azores) (between 645 and 935 m a.s.l.), collected in 2000 and 2017, showed a remarkable high frequency of the melanic morphs flavicollis (FLA) and quadrimaculatus (QUA). In addition, a high frequency of melanics was observed in males. We explore the hypotheses for the origin of Azorean colonization and for the high proportion of melanism in the Azorean populations.
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Ballado, Teresa, Laura Camarena, Bertha González-Pedrajo, Eugenia Silva-Herzog, and Georges Dreyfus. "The Hook Gene (flgE) Is Expressed from theflgBCDEF Operon in Rhodobacter sphaeroides: Study of an flgE Mutant." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 1680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.5.1680-1687.2001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT In this work we identified the flgE gene encoding the flagellar hook protein from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Our results show that this gene is part of a flagellar cluster that includes the genes flgB, flgC, flgD, flgE, andflgF. Two different types of mutants in theflgE gene were isolated, and both showed a Fla− phenotype, indicating the functionality of this sequence. Complementation studies of these mutant strains suggest thatflgE is included in a single transcriptional unit that starts in flgB and ends in flgF. In agreement with this possibility, a specific transcript of approximately 3.5 kb was identified by Northern blot. This mRNA is large enough to represent the complete flgBCDEF operon. FlgE showed a relatively high proline content; in particular, a region of 12 amino acids near the N terminus, in which four prolines were identified. Cells expressing a mutant FlgE protein lacking this region showed abnormal swimming behavior, and their hooks were curved. These results suggest that this region is involved in the characteristic quaternary structure of the hook of R. sphaeroides and also imply that a straight hook, or perhaps the rigidity associated with this feature, is important for an efficient swimming behavior in this bacterium.
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Li, Peng-hui, Yan Wang, Yu-hua Li, Hong-li Li, and Xianliang Yi. "Origin and Distribution of PAHs in Ambient Particulate Samples at High Mountain Region in Southern China." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/245438.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To understand the deposition and transport of PAHs in southern China, a measurement campaign was conducted at a high-elevation site (the summit of Mount Heng, 1269 m A.S.L.) from April 4 to May 31, 2009, and a total of 39 total suspended particulate samples were collected for measurement of PAH concentrations. The observed particulate-bound PAHs concentrations ranged from 1.63 to 29.83 ng/m3, with a mean concentration of 6.03 ng/m3. BbF, FLA, and PYR were the predominant compounds. Good correlations were found between individual PAHs and meteorological parameters such as atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and ambient temperature. The backward trajectory analysis suggested that particulate samples measured at the Mount Heng region were predominantly associated with the air masses from southern China, while the air masses transported over northern and northwestern China had relative higher PAHs concentrations. Based on the diagnostic ratios and factor analysis, vehicular emission, coal combustion, industry emission, and unburned fossil fuels were suggested to be the PAHs sources at Mount Heng site. However, the reactivity and degradation of individual PAHs could influence the results of PAH source profiles, which deserves further investigations in the future.
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Cavalcanti, Luiz William Linhares Santiago, Amanda Férrer Vasconcelos, Marília Carolina Paiva Florêncio, Samille Costa Rodrigues, Ito Liberato Barroso neto, and Juliana de Lucena Martins Ferreira. "Conjunctivitis epidemiological profile in an ophthalmological service in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza - Ceará – Brazil." Journal of Health & Biological Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 7, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v10i1.4184.p1-5.2022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: to evaluate the seasonal and endemic characteristics of conjunctivitis at the ophthalmology service of the Leiria de Andrade Foundation (FLA) in the last ten years to trace the epidemiological profile of conjunctivitis in Fortaleza - CE. Methods: this was a descriptive and epidemiological study based on quantitative and qualitative analysis, retrospectively, from January to December 2012 to 2019, with a projection for the years 2020 and 2021. Results: 107,778 medical records were analysed, with endemic and seasonal fluctuation, being the months of October to December more frequent in the intervals of the highest incidence of the disease. Two peaks were notorious, one with epidemic characteristics, from July 2013 to November 2014, and the other with outbreak characteristics, probably due to a national-level epidemic, between January and April 2018. The most affected age group was between 19 and 59 years, covering about 72% of cases, with no statistical difference between genders. Conclusion: according to the study data, it was possible to infer that the epidemiological scenario of Fortaleza - CE is in line with the literature regarding age range and sex. The endemicity of the disease reinforces its relevance in the scenario of the Unified Health System (SUS) of the region.
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Hanna, Ashraf F., Josh S. Armstrong, and Adam J. Smith. "Effects of Intravenous Ketamine Infusions in a Neuropathic Pain Patient with Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus." Case Reports in Dermatology 8, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446528.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A patient reported to the Florida Spine Institute (Clearwater, Fla., USA) with severe lichen sclerosus of the anogenital region and legs. The patient’s pain presentation was neuropathic with hypersensitivity, allodynia, swelling, and weakness. The patient had failed multiple pain management modalities including opioid therapy, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants. The patient completed a standard intravenous ketamine infusion regimen developed at the Florida Spine Institute and reported complete abolishment of her pain syndrome. For the first time, we report that ketamine infusions also dramatically improved a patient’s lichen sclerosus. That ketamine is known to have immunomodulatory properties, and given the clinical observations described in this case report, suggests that ketamine should be explored as a possible new therapeutic option for managing lichen sclerosus, especially in cases that are refractory to conventional therapies.
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Deng, Zhongyuan, Yuting Zhang, Liying Fang, Min Zhang, Lixiang Wang, Xinzhi Ni, and Xianchun Li. "Identification of the Flavone-Inducible Counter-Defense Genes and Their cis-Elements in Helicoverpa armigera." Toxins 15, no. 6 (May 29, 2023): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15060365.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Flavone is widely found in plants and plays an important role in plant defense against pests. Many pests, such as Helicoverpa armigera, use flavone as a cue to upregulate counter-defense genes for detoxification of flavone. Yet the spectrum of the flavone-inducible genes and their linked cis-regulatory elements remains unclear. In this study, 48 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found by RNA-seq. These DEGs were mainly concentrated in the retinol metabolism and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 pathways. Further in silico analysis of the promoter regions of 24 upregulated genes predicted two motifs through MEME and five previously characterized cis-elements including CRE, TRE, EcRE, XRE-AhR and ARE. Functional analysis of the two predicted motifs and two different versions of ARE (named ARE1 and ARE2) in the promoter region of the flavone-inducible carboxylesterase gene CCE001j verified that the two motifs and ARE2 are not responsible for flavone induction of H. armigera counter-defense genes, whereas ARE1 is a new xenobiotic response element to flavone (XRE-Fla) and plays a decisive role in flavone induction of CCE001j. This study is of great significance for further understanding the antagonistic interaction between plants and herbivorous insects.
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Stapleton, Suzanne C., Craig K. Chandler, James F. Price, Daniel E. Legard, and James C. Sumler. "Transplant Source Affects Fruiting Performance and Pests of `Sweet Charlie' Strawberry in Florida." HortTechnology 11, no. 1 (January 2001): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.1.61.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of locally grown transplants in Florida strawberry (Fragari×ananassa Duchesne) production has increased since the release of the cultivar Sweet Charlie by the University of Florida in 1992. Previous research has shown that nursery region can influence production patterns of other strawberry cultivars through differences in photoperiod and temperature exposure. Transplants of `Sweet Charlie' strawberry (bareroot and plug plants) from sources representing northern (Canada, Massachusetts, Oregon), southern (Alabama, Florida) and mid latitude (North Carolina) transplant production regions were compared for plant vigor, production, and pest incidence at Dover, Fla. in 1995-96 and 1996-97. Total fruit production was not significantly different forplants among the plant source regions in 1995-96, but total yield from southern source plants in 1996-97 was significantly lower than northern and mid latitude plant sources. Monthly production of marketable fruits varied among the three plant source regions in December, January, and February, during which time market prices fell 46% in 1995-96 and 56% in 1996-97. Plants from northern and mid latitude sources produced significantly greater fruit yield in December than plants from southern sources. Differences among plant sources were detected for early flowering, initial crown size, incidence of foliar disease, arthropod pests, mortality, and fruit weight. Geographic location of strawberry transplant sources influenced fruiting patterns and other components that may affect profitability of `Sweet Charlie' strawberry production in west central Florida.
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M. S. Salah, Z. J. Musa, and Hassan Abdul Zahra Alshawi. "Determination of PAHs by GC-Mass in Sediment Mudflat in Iraq." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2022): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1104.026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The mudflat area in the southern Iraq is untapped and there are few studies about it, this study attempts to determine the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the region, addition to determine their sources and assess the quality of pollution by PPI. Total (PAHs) ranged between (89.8-21.9) µg/g dw with mean value (44.62) µg/g dw, among 16 (PAHs) there are 10 of these compounds are dominant in all station as fallow: Benzo(B) the concentration ranged between (14.46-4.743) µg/g dw, Benzo [G,H,I] was (12.5-ND), Benzo[A]Pyrene(7.88-ND),Chrysene (7.85-ND), Fluoranthen (7.31-1.15) µg/g dw, Benzo[A]anthrac (6.14-ND)µg/g dw, Fluorene (2.38-ND) µg/g dw, Indeno(1,2,3 Ca (6.28-1.98) µg/g dw, Pyrene (1.23-ND) µg/g respectively, according to PPI index (PAHs) was between (89.8-21.98)µg/g dw, very high polluted area by (PAHs). The ratio of Ant/(Ant+Phe) show the contamination from Petrogenic origin in station (1) about (1.00-.275), while the ratio BaA/ (BaA + Chry) recorded the pyrogenic origin in station (1,2,4), A ratio of Fla/ (Fla + - Pyr) shows the station (1, 4) petroleum origin on the other hand the station (2,3) derived from coal combustion, finally grain size shows the environmental position of the area and the deposition conditions. In the current study, clay particles are prevalent, ranging from% (15-30) to about% (43- 2). Because of the weak alkalinity impact of marine water, TOC recorded a level of % (1.27) near the river station and the lowest value was (6.76) % at the second station. Sewage remains the chief source of TOC in environment.
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Rafie, A. R., and Joe Garofalo. "OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPORTING ORNAMENTAL PLANTS FROM MIAMI-DADE COUNTY TO THE CARIBBEAN." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 500E—500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.500e.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Miami-Dade County, Fla., there are 1,240 registered nurseries, growing plants in 14,000 acres, making it the state's leading nursery crop producer. This industry provides 18,000 nursery related jobs and in 2000 had an estimated total value of $790 million. Like many other agricultural industries in Florida, the nursery industry has become very competitive; as a result, many growers are searching for new marketing opportunities. The Caribbean region consists of 28 nations with a population of 21 million. This region is considered one of the most dependent on agricultural imports. In 2004, United State agricultural exports to the Caribbean reached a total value of $1.9 billion, of which $9 million was nursery plant product. Due to proximity of many of the Caribbean countries and cheap transportation costs, the United State is essentially trading in its own backyard. To strengthen the export knowledge of local nursery growers, a partnership was created among the Southern U.S. Trade Association (SUSTA), the USDA's Caribbean Basin Agricultural Trade Office (CBATO), Miami–Dade College, and the University of Florida/Miami–Dade County Cooperative Extension Service. Two different workshop series were offered to train selected nursery managers about the export essentials. As a result of this partnership, 21 nursery growers were able to complete the program, 57% of the participants had exported in the past to the Caribbean and 43% are now starting to export.
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Dzimitrowicz, Anna, Piotr Cyganowski, Pawel Pohl, Dorota Jermakowicz-Bartkowiak, Dominik Terefinko, and Piotr Jamroz. "Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Mediated Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles Stabilized by Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) with Application in Heat Management Systems for Internal Combustion Chambers." Nanomaterials 8, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8080619.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-stabilized Pt nanoparticles (PVP-PtNPs) were produced in a continuous-flow reaction-discharge system by application of direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge (dc-APGD) operated between the surface of a flowing liquid anode (FLA) and a pin-type tungsten cathode. Synthesized PVP-PtNPs exhibited absorption across the entire UV/Vis region. The morphology and elemental composition of PVP-PtNPs were determined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray scattering (EDX), respectively. As assessed by TEM, PVP-PtNPs were approximately spherical in shape, with an average size of 2.9 ± 0.6 nm. EDX proved the presence of Pt, C, and O. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) confirmed PtNPs functionalization with PVP. As determined by DLS, the average size of PtNPs stabilized by PVP was 111.4 ± 22.6 nm. A fluid containing resultant PVP-PtNPs was used as a heat conductive layer for a spiral radiator managing heat generated by a simulated internal combustion chamber. As compared to water, the use of PVP-PtNPs enhanced efficiency of the system, increasing the rate of heat transfer by 80% and 30% during heating and cooling, respectively.
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Gritsan, A. A., V. S. Cherepushkina, Y. S. Khomenko, V. N. Afonyushkin, Ya V. Novik, and L. P. Ermakova. "Studying the sources of infection of broiler chickens by salmonella using ERIC-PCR and agglutination reaction with fluorescencelabeled antigens (FLA)." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 3 (October 10, 2023): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-68-3-138-146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study aims to develop diagnostic algorithms for using ERIC-PCR and IRA, which make it possible to identify the routes of Salmonella introduction into a poultry farm. The authors studied the genetic differences of 15 isolates of Salmonella spp., isolated from pathological material, feed raw materials and swabs from poultry houses of broiler poultry farms (parent stock and replacement young animals) in the West Siberian region. The species of Salmonella cultures were confirmed by sequencing and using biochemical tests and agglutination sera. Bacterial DNA was isolated using the standard silicosorption method. Analysis of the genomic DNA of the studied collection of Salmonella using the ERIC-PCR method allowed us to group the resulting strains and isolates into three genotypes that differ in amplicon patterns on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparison of IRA results with blood sera of birds from the parent flock and replacement young animals of poultry farm No. 1 made it possible to identify antibodies to both Salmonella genotype one and Salmonella genotype 2 in most of the examined poultry flocks. Analysis of the correlation of antibody titers to Salmonella antigens of the 1st and 2nd genotypes made it possible to exclude a cross-reaction in some poultry houses. The correlation was negative. It was positive in two poultry houses, and there was no correlation in one. The immunofluorescence agglutination reaction system makes it possible to precisely distinguish the seroprevalence of different Salmonella strains at individual agricultural enterprises. The totality of data from serological analysis suggests that some birds have an increased susceptibility to infection with Salmonella of both genotypes, which means that these individuals have genetic characteristics or characteristics of the intestinal microbiota associated with exposure to infection with Salmonella.
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Ragimbeau, Catherine, François Schneider, Serge Losch, Jos Even, and Joël Mossong. "Multilocus Sequence Typing, Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, and fla Short Variable Region Typing of Clonal Complexes of Campylobacter jejuni Strains of Human, Bovine, and Poultry Origins in Luxembourg." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 24 (October 17, 2008): 7715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00865-08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in Luxembourg, with a marked seasonal peak during summer. The majority of these infections are thought to be sporadic, and the relative contribution of potential sources and reservoirs is still poorly understood. We monitored human cases from June to September 2006 (n = 124) by molecular characterization of isolates with the aim of rapidly detecting temporally related cases. In addition, isolates from poultry meat (n = 36) and cattle cecal contents (n = 48) were genotyped for comparison and identification of common clusters between veterinary and human C. jejuni populations. A total of 208 isolates were typed by sequencing the fla short variable region, macrorestriction analysis resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). We observed a high diversity of human strains during a given summer season. Poultry and human isolates had a higher diversity of sequence types than isolates of bovine origin, for which clonal complexes CC21 (41.6%) and CC61 (18.7%) were predominant. CC21 was also the most common complex found among human isolates (21.8%). The substantial concordance between PFGE and MLST results for this last group of strains suggests that they are clonally related. Our study indicates that while poultry remains an important source, cattle could be an underestimated reservoir of human C. jejuni cases. Transmission mechanisms of cattle-specific strains warrant further investigation.
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Yu, Jia-Li, Qing-Yang Liu, Bo Yang, Yi-Fan Sun, Ya-Ju Wang, Jian Jiang, Bo Wang, Yang Cheng, and Qiu-Bo Wang. "Immunogenicity Analysis of the Recombinant Plasmodium falciparum Surface-Related Antigen in Mice." Pathogens 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11050550.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plasmodium falciparum, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, has received widespread attention owing to its severity. As a novel protein, P. falciparum surface-related antigen (PfSRA) has the structural and functional characteristics to be considered as a malaria vaccine candidate; however, limited information is available on its immunogenicity. Here, we expressed three fragments of recombinant PfSRA in an Escherichia coli system and further analyzed its immunogenicity. The results showed that rPfSRA-immunized mice produced specific antibodies with high endpoint titers (1:10,000 to 1:5,120,000) and affinity antibodies (i.e., rPfSRA-F1a (97.70%), rPfSRA-F2a (69.62%), and rPfSRA-F3a (91.87%)). In addition, the sera of immunized mice recognized both the native PfSRA and recombinant PfSRA, the rPfSRA antibodies inhibited the invasion of P. falciparum into the erythrocytes, and they were dose-dependent in vitro. This study confirmed PfSRA could be immunogenic, especially the F1a at the conserved region N-terminal and provided further support for it as a vaccine candidate against P.falciparum.
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Krupinskaya, E. S., E. I. Korenberg, K. A. Golidonova, N. B. Gorelova, and V. A. Matrosova. "Results of Practical Evaluation of the Optimized Method for Multilocus Sequence Analysis of Pathogenic Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Group." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2 (June 29, 2024): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2024-2-108-114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the study was to test the possibility of identifying isolates of pathogenic Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by the specificity of linked sequences of their recA and ospA gene loci, i.e. using the optimized multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) method.Materials and methods. 25 Borrelia isolates from adult hungry Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in the forest-steppe part of the Voronezh Region were studied. Isolates were obtained through seeding the mid-gut of ticks on BSK medium. Their primary identification was performed by analyzing the linked sequences of the recA and ospA gene loci with a total length of 360 bp. Selective control of species affiliation of Borrelia isolates was carried out according to the protocol of full MLSA via assessment of the nucleotide sequences of 6 genes (recA, ospA, rrs, hbb, groEL, fla) and the intergenic spacer rrf-rrl (total length of all 7 loci being 1187 bp) using the BLAST platform, Sequence scanner 2 and MEGA11 programs.Results and discussion. The heterogeneity of the nucleotide sequences of recA and ospA genes in 25 Borrelia isolates has been investigated. Construction of dendrograms has revealed at least 5 different sequence variants among the isolates. The similarity of isolates within each of these five groups, as well as their distinction from comparable linked sequences of other pathogenic species of the B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex is demonstrated. To confirm the results obtained, a set of isolates from each group was sampled using the full MLSA protocol. It has been established that five Borrelia species circulate in the studied ecosystems of the Voronezh Region: B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. bavariensis, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, and B. valasiniana.
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Liang, Bing, Xue Ji, Bowen Jiang, Tingyu Yuan, Chao Lu Men Gerile, Lingwei Zhu, Tiecheng Wang, et al. "Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phylogenetic Relationships of Aeromonas spp. Carried by Migratory Birds in China." Microorganisms 11, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and the genetic diversity of Aeromonas isolated from migratory birds from Guangxi Province, Guangdong Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Jiangxi Province, and Inner Mongolia in China. A total of 810 samples were collected, including fresh feces, cloacal swabs, and throat swabs. The collected samples were processed and subjected to bacteriological examination. The resistance to 21 antibiotics was evaluated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using concatenated gltA-groL-gyrB-metG-PPSA-recA sequences. Eight putative virulence factors were identified by PCR and sequencing, and a biofilm formation assay was performed using a modified microtiter plate method. In total, 176 Aeromonas isolates were isolated including A. sobria, A. hydrophila, A. veronii, and A. caviae. All isolates showed variable resistance against all 16 tested antibiotic discs, and only one antibiotic had no reference standard. Six kinds of virulence gene markers were discovered, and the detection rates were 46.0% (hlyA), 76.1% (aerA), 52.3% (alt), 4.5% (ast), 54.0% (fla), and 64.2% (lip). These strains were able to form biofilms with distinct magnitudes; 102 were weakly adherent, 14 were moderately adherent, 60 were non-adherent, and none were strongly adherent. Our results suggest that migratory birds carry highly virulent and multidrug-resistant Aeromonas and spread them around the world through migration, which is a potential threat to public health.
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Lan, Ruiting, Brad Lumb, David Ryan, and Peter R. Reeves. "Molecular Evolution of Large Virulence Plasmid inShigella Clones and EnteroinvasiveEscherichia coli." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 6303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.10.6303-6309.2001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Three genes, ipgD, mxiC, and mxiA,all in the invasion region of the Shigella virulence plasmid, were sequenced from strains representing a range ofShigella serotypes and from two enteroinvasiveEscherichia coli (EIEC) isolates. The plasmids can be classified into two relatively homogeneous sequence forms which are quite distinct. pINV A plasmids are found in Shigella flexneri strains F6 and F6A, S. boydii strains B1, B4, B9, B10, B14, and B15, S. dysenteriae strains D3, D4, D6, D8, D9, D10, and D13, and the two EIEC strains (M519 and M520). pINV B plasmids are present in S. flexneristrains F1A, F2A, F3A, F3C, F4A, and FY, two S. boydiistrains (B11 and B12), and S. sonnei. The D1 pINV plasmid is a recombinant with ipgD gene more closely related to those of pINV A but with mxiA andmxiC genes more closely related to those of pINV B. The phylogenetic relationships of the plasmid and those of the chromosomal genes of Shigella strains are largely consistent. The cluster 1 and cluster 3 strains tested (G.M. Pupo, R. Lan, and P. R. Reeves, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:10567–10572, 2000) have pINV A and pINV B plasmids, respectively. However, of the three cluster 2 strains (B9, B11, and B15), B9 and B15 have pINV A while B11 has a pINV B plasmid. Those Shigella (D8 and D10 and S. sonnei) and EIEC strains which do not group with the main body of Shigella strains based on chromosomal genes were found to have plasmids belonging to one or the other of the two types and must have acquired these by lateral transfer.
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Schnabel, G., P. K. Bryson, and M. A. Williamson. "First Report of Armillaria tabescens Causing Armillaria Root Rot of Pindo Palm in South Carolina." Plant Disease 90, no. 8 (August 2006): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1106a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Pindo palm tree (Butia capitata) declined in a commercial landscape setting in Georgetown, SC during June of 2005. In the spring, after looking healthy the previous year, the entire canopy collapsed with leaves attached. The canopy defoliated shortly thereafter. A cross section through primary and secondary roots of the wilting plant revealed necrotic areas with the presence of white mycelial fans. Diseased roots containing mycelial fans were collected and small sections were transferred to benomyl dichloran streptomycin (BDS) selective medium. Fungal cultures grew approximately 1 mm in diameter per day and developed aeriel mycelium first. Later, cultures developed mainly crustose mycelium with some parts being aerial. Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2 were polymerase chain reaction amplified with universal primers ITS1-F and ITS4 and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. DQ109806). A BLAST search in GenBank of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region identified the pathogen as Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Emel (synonym Clitocybe tabescens (Fr.) Bres) with 98% sequence homology to A. tabescens single-spore isolate ss23 from South Carolina (Accession No. AY695408). The diploid culture from the roots of the Pindo palm was compatible with haploid tester strains of A. tabescens as indicated by diploidization of the haploid mycelium. The disease has been reported on Pindo palm in Florida (1), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of A. tabescens causing disease on Butia species in South Carolina. Our findings indicate that Pindo palm trees could be at risk for infection and should not be cultivated in soils containing pathogenic Armillaria species. Reference: (1) S. A. Alfieri, Jr. et al. Index of Plant Diseases in Florida (Revised). Fla. Dep. Agric. Consum. Serv. Div. Plant Ind. Bull. 11:389, 1984.
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Kurkin, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, and Anastasiya Sergeyevna Lapina. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE METHODS FOR THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FLA-VONOIDS IN THE GRASS OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS MONARDA." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020026082.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The herb of plants of the genus Monarda L. is most often known for its essential oil the main components of which are thymol and carvacrol. However flavonoids contained in the raw materials of this plant are of great interest. The literature reports on the presence in the herb of species of the genus Monarda L. quercetin, luteolin, rutin, hesperidin, naringinin; howeve, these data are contradictory. It is known that when determining the content of the amount of flavonoids, recalculation is carried out in different cases for luteolin or rutin, which have different spectrum characteristics. This paper discusses the results of a comparative study of the flavonoid composition of some species of the genus Monarda: Monarda fistulosa L., Monarda didyma L., Monarda bradburiana L. Back., Monarda citriodora L., Monarda × medioides W.H.Duncan as a promising source of biologically active compounds. As a result of a comparative chromatographic study, the presence of flavonoids was detected upon detection at a wavelength of 366 nm and after treatment with an alcohol solution of aluminum chloride. In all treatments, the presence of cynaroside, rutin, quercetin, luteolin is not confirmed. Using column chromatography on silica gel L 40/100, from the herb of Monarda fistulosa the flavonoid substances for the first time were isolated – isorhoifolin (7-O-rutinoside of apigenin) and linarin (7-O-rutinoside of acacetin), which have n-butanol–acetic acid–water (4 : 1 : 2) in the solvent system Rf values are about 0.5 and 0.6, respectively, and also dimydin (7-O-rutinoside of sakuranetin). It was determined that in all UV spectra of extracts from herb of studied species of the genus Monarda of the species, a bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength band is observed in the presence of 3% alcoholic solution aluminum chloride, which confirms the presence of flavonoids. Under the conditions of differential spectrophotometry, an absorption maximum is observed in the region of 392–396 nm, which indicates the feasibility of using isorhoifolin in the analysis technique with an absorption maximum at a wavelength of 394 nm. As a result of the work a method of quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids of the herb of the Monarda has been developed. The optimal parameters were determined: 60% ethyl alcohol, the ratio of "raw material to extractant" – 1 : 50, extraction time – 60 minutes, analytical wavelength at 394 nm. It was determined that the content of the total of flavonoids calculated on isorhoifolin in all samples studied varies from 4.53% to 8.73%.
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Mashimo, Takuji, Manami Hashimoto, Shigeru Yamaguchi, and Shin-Ichi Aizawa. "Temperature-Hypersensitive Sites of the Flagellar Switch Component FliG in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 14 (May 11, 2007): 5153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00061-07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Three flagellar proteins, FliG, FliM, and FliN (FliGMN), are the components of the C ring of the flagellar motor. The genes encoding these proteins are multifunctional; they show three different phenotypes (Fla−, Mot−, and Che−), depending on the sites and types of mutations. Some of the Mot− mutants previously characterized are found to be motile. Reexamination of all Mot− mutants in fliGMN genes so far studied revealed that many of them are actually temperature sensitive (TS); that is, they are motile at 20°C but nonmotile at 37°C. There were two types of TS mutants: one caused a loss of function that was not reversed by a return to the permissive temperature (rigid TS), and the other caused a loss that was reversed (hyper-TS). The rigid TS mutants showed an all-or-none phenotype; that is, once a structure was formed, the structure and function were stable against temperature shifts. All of fliM and fliN and most of the fliG TS mutants belong to this group. On the other hand, the hyper-TS mutants (three of the fliG mutants) showed a temporal swimming/stop phenotype, responding to temporal temperature shifts when the structure was formed at a permissive temperature. Those hyper-TS mutation sites are localized in the C-terminal domain of the FliG molecules at sites that are different from the previously proposed functional sites. We discuss a role for this new region of FliG in the torque generation of the flagellar motor.
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Cheng, Xiao Liang, and Shao Dong Xie. "Characteristics of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Gas and Particle Phase in April and July 2011 in Beijing, China." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.99.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Presence of atmospheric PAHs in urban and suburban region (Beijing, China) was studied in April and July 2011. Forty-four pairs of gas and particle (TSP) phase samples were collected every six day by high volume (Hi-Vol) air samplers at four sampling sites, and determined separately by GC/MS based on USEPA Method TO-13A. Average total concentration (gas + particles) of PAHs (T-PAHs) was 135.1±49.0 ng/m3 and 181.2±40.9 ng/m3 in April and July, respectively. Gas phase PAHs (G-PAHs) was the major fraction, comprising 63–92% of T-PAHs. Lighter (2-, 3-, 4-ring) and heavier (5-,6-ring) PAHs were found predominantly in gas and particle phase, respectively. 2- to 6- ring PAHs contributed 10%, 53%, 26%, 7% and 4% of T-PAHs, respectively. Five major PAHs, naphthalene (NAP), fluorene (FLU), PHE, fluoranthene (FLA), and pyrene (PYR) contributed 70 – 90% of T-PAHs. G-PAHs increased significantly while PAHs in particle phase (P-PAHs) decreased from April to July. Volatilization from soil and more emission from power generation increase might explain the increase of G-PAHs, and the washout of P-PAHs along with particles might explain the decrease of P-PAHs. Given particulate organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) being well correlated, P-PAHs was moderately correlated with OC and EC, suggesting that there were other mechanisms contributing to P-PAHs different from those of OC/EC. Significant correlation between P-PAHs with SO2 and NO2 suggested coal combustion and automobile exhaust to be contamination contributors.
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Gu, Weimin, Robin M. Siletzky, Sandra Wright, Mohammed Islam, and Sophia Kathariou. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Strain Type Diversity of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Turkeys in Eastern North Carolina." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 2 (November 21, 2008): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02012-08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis, and recent findings suggest that turkeys are an important reservoir for this organism. In this study, 80 C. jejuni isolates from eastern North Carolina were characterized for resistance to nine antimicrobials, and strain types were determined by fla typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI and KpnI, and (for 41 isolates) multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PFGE analysis suggested that many of the isolates (37/40 [ca. 93%]) in a major genomic cluster had DNA that was partially methylated at SmaI sites. Furthermore, 12/40 (30%) of the isolates in this cluster were completely resistant to digestion by KpnI, suggesting methylation at KpnI sites. MLST of 41 isolates identified 10 sequence types (STs), of which 4 were new. Three STs (ST-1839, ST-2132 and the new ST-2934) were predominant and were detected among isolates from different farms. The majority of the isolates (74%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials, and resistance to ciprofloxacin was common (64%), whereas resistance to the other drug of choice for treatment of human campylobacteriosis, erythromycin, was never encountered. Most (33/34) of the kanamycin-resistant isolates were also resistant to tetracycline; however, only ca. 50% of the tetracycline-resistant isolates were also kanamycin resistant. Isolates with certain antimicrobial resistance profiles had identical or closely related strain types. Overall, the findings suggest dissemination of certain clonal groups of C. jejuni isolates in the turkey production industry of this region.
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Kung, Chun-Chia, Jessie J. Peissig, and Michael J. Tarr. "Is Region-of-Interest Overlap Comparison a Reliable Measure of Category Specificity?" Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 12 (December 2007): 2019–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.12.2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Analysis of the degree of overlap between functional magnetic resonance imaging–derived regions of interest (ROIs) has been used to assess the functional convergence and/or segregation of category-selective brain areas. An examination of the extant literature reveals no consistent usage for how such overlap is calculated, nor any systematic comparison between different methods. We argue that how ROI overlap is computed, especially the choice of the denominator in the formula, can profoundly affect the results and interpretation of such an analysis. To do this, we compared the overlap of the FFA-FFA (fusiform face area) and FFA-FGA (fusiform Greeble-selective area) in a localizer study testing both Greeble novices and experts. When using a single ROI as the denominator, we found a significant difference in FFA-FFA versus FFA-FGA overlap, consistent with the result of a previous study arguing for face specificity of the FFA [Rhodes, G., Byatt, G., Michie, P. T., & Puce, A. Is the fusiform face area specialized for faces, individuation, or expert individuation? J Cogn Neurosci, 16, 189–203, 2004]. However, these ROI overlap differences disappeared when the denominator combined both of the involved ROIs, and the patterns of such overlap comparisons were dependent on given statistical thresholds. We also found proportionally decreasing FFA-FFA overlap with increasing center-of-FFA distance, resolving an apparent contradiction between the consistency of the location of the FFA and the seemingly low FFA-FFA overlap. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations revealed the most stable formula—the most resistant to ROI size variations—to be the average of the two single-ROI-denominator-based overlap indices. In sum, ROI overlap analysis is not a reliable tool for assessing category specificity, and caution should be exercised with regard to ROI overlap definition, underlying assumptions, and interpretation.
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Krasokhina, S. I. "BLESTYASHCHIY – PERSPECTIVE TABLE GRAPE VARIETY OF SUPER-EARLY RIPENING." Russian Vine 16 (June 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32904/2712-8245-2021-16-11-17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a market-oriented economy, the success of table grape production is demand-driven, with most table grape consumers citing muscat fla-vor as the primary desirable trait. This article presents the ampelographic and agrobiological characteristics of the grape variety Blestyash-chiy breeding from All-Russian Research Insti-tute for Viticulture and Winemaking– Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «FRARC». It was obtained as a result of crossing the varieties Victoria and Original Be-lyi, allocated in the elite in 2005. Variety’s study was carried out according to generally accepted methods in the conditions of the No-vocherkassk, Rostov region at the experi-mental vineyards, the culture of vine is not ir-rigated, uncovered, grafted, rootstock Ber-landieri × Riparia Kober 5BB, the formation is the standard fan type on trunk. The grape vari-ety for table use, super early ripening period, is characterized by good winter- hardiness, high potential yield, attractive appearance of ber-ries, pronounced muscat aroma of berries. On a single-plane trellis, with a planting pattern of 3 m × 1.5 m, the yield from 1 bush averages 4.3 kg. Grape variety Blestyashchiy has a com-plete flower, large clusters of medium density, ellipse or ovoid berries of white-pink color, on the sunny side - bright red-pink, dense pulp. Differs in high sugar accumulation with mod-erate titrated acidity. Resistance to fungal dis-eases is average. Used for fresh consumption. The tasting rating of fresh grapes averages 8.6 points on a ten-point rating scale. Among the shortcomings, one can single out the tendency to overload the bushes with the harvest and the uneven coloring of the berries, which can be fought with special agrotechnical methods.
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Grünenfelder, Björn, Stefanie Gehrig, and Urs Jenal. "Role of the Cytoplasmic C Terminus of the FliF Motor Protein in Flagellar Assembly and Rotation." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 5 (March 1, 2003): 1624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.5.1624-1633.2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Twenty-six FliF monomers assemble into the MS ring, a central motor component of the bacterial flagellum that anchors the structure in the inner membrane. Approximately 100 amino acids at the C terminus of FliF are exposed to the cytoplasm and, through the interaction with the FliG switch protein, a component of the flagellar C ring, are essential for the assembly of the motor. In this study, we have dissected the entire cytoplasmic C terminus of the Caulobacter crescentus FliF protein by high-resolution mutational analysis and studied the mutant forms with regard to the assembly, checkpoint control, and function of the flagellum. Only nine amino acids at the very C terminus of FliF are essential for flagellar assembly. Deletion or substitution of about 10 amino acids preceding the very C terminus of FliF resulted in assembly-competent but nonfunctional flagella, making these the first fliF mutations described so far with a Fla+ but Mot− phenotype. Removal of about 20 amino acids further upstream resulted in functional flagella, but cells carrying these mutations were not able to spread efficiently on semisolid agar plates. At least 61 amino acids located between the functionally relevant C terminus and the second membrane-spanning domain of FliF were not required for flagellar assembly and performance. A strict correlation was found between the ability of FliF mutant versions to assemble into a flagellum, flagellar class III gene expression, and a block in cell division. Motile suppressors could be isolated for nonmotile mutants but not for mutants lacking a flagellum. Several of these suppressor mutations were localized to the 5′ region of the fliG gene. These results provide genetic support for a model in which only a short stretch of amino acids at the immediate C terminus of FliF is required for flagellar assembly through stable interaction with the FliG switch protein.
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Ayenan, Mathieu Anatole Tele, Agyemang Danquah, Peter Hanson, Isaac Kwadwo Asante, and Eric Yirenkyi Danquah. "Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Genotypes Respond Differently to Long-Term Dry and Humid Heat Stress." Horticulturae 8, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tomato production in coastal areas in West Africa is constrained by heat stress. There is currently limited empirical evidence on the extent of the effect of heat stress on tomato yield in the sub-region. In this study, we assessed the effects of heat stress on yield and yield components among 16 tomato genotypes with varying heat tolerance status and explored the potential of stress tolerance indices to identify heat tolerant genotypes. The experiments were conducted under three temperature and humidity regimes, namely optimal season (28.37/23.71 °C and 71.0/90.4% day/night), long-term mild and humid (greenhouse, 30.0/26.2 °C and 77.6/97.2%), and long-term mild and dry (open field, 31.50/28.88 °C and 66.72/77.82%) heat stress (HS). All genotypes exhibited significantly higher fruit set percentage, fruit number per plant, fruit weight, and fruit weight per plant in the optimal season compared to both heat stress conditions. In general, the genotypes demonstrated higher performance under dry HS (i.e., HS in open field HSO) than humid HS (i.e., HS in greenhouse HSG). Fruit set decreased by 71.5% and 68.3% under HSG and HSO, respectively, while a reduction of 75.1% and 50.5% occurred in fruit weight per plant under HSG and HSO, respectively. The average sum of ranks values from nine stress tolerance indices and fruit weight per plant (used as proxy trait of yield) identified CLN2498D, CLN3212C, CLN1621L, and BJ01 as heat tolerant under HSG and BJ01, BJ02, Fla.7171, and P005 as heat tolerant under HSO. Fruit weight per plant under long-term heat stress (Ys) and optimal growing conditions (Yp) were suitable to select high performing genotypes under HSO, HSG, and optimal conditions while relative stress index, yield stability index, yield index, stress susceptibility index, and harmonic mean were suitable to select heat tolerant genotypes under either HSG or HSO. Our findings shed light on the extent of the effect of HS on tomato production in the off-season in coastal areas in West Africa and provide new insight concerning the heat tolerance status of the evaluated tomato genotypes.