Статті в журналах: "Regime information"

1

Balasubramanian, Vijay, Don Kimber, and Michael J. Berry II. "Metabolically Efficient Information Processing." Neural Computation 13, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 799–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976601300014358.

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Energy-efficient information transmission may be relevant to biological sensory signal processing as well as to low-power electronic devices. We explore its consequences in two different regimes. In an “immediate” regime, we argue that the information rate should be maximized subject to a power constraint, and in an “exploratory” regime, the transmission rate per power cost should be maximized. In the absence of noise, discrete inputs are optimally encoded into Boltzmann distributed output symbols. In the exploratory regime, the partition function of this distribution is numerically equal to 1. The structure of the optimal code is strongly affected by noise in the transmission channel. The Arimoto-Blahut algorithm, generalized for cost constraints, can be used to derive and interpret the distribution of symbols for optimal energy-efficient coding in the presence of noise. We outline the possibilities and problems in extending our results to information coding and transmission in neurobiological systems.

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2

Carrera, César, and N. R. Ramírez-Rondán. "INFLATION, INFORMATION RIGIDITY, AND THE STICKY INFORMATION PHILLIPS CURVE." Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 07 (December 18, 2017): 2597–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136510051700089x.

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The Great Moderation is characterized as a period of stable macroeconomic conditions, especially with regard to inflation. Under the sticky information theory, this environment may provide a few incentives for agents to update information on inflation, thus, producing a new slope of the sticky information Phillips curve. We estimate the degree of information rigidity implied by the sticky information Phillips curve. Using threshold models, we identify two regimes of high and low inflation, finding that each identified regime is associated with a specific degree of information stickiness. This evidence is consistent with agents that update information faster when inflation is higher.

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3

Edmond, Chris. "Information Manipulation, Coordination, and Regime Change*." Review of Economic Studies 80, no. 4 (July 4, 2013): 1422–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdt020.

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4

Семенюк, О. Г., and Б. Д. Леонов. "Legal regime of access to information." INFORMATION AND LAW, no. 3(30) (September 17, 2019): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37750/2616-6798.2019.3(30).194780.

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5

Ellis, Christopher J., and John Fender. "Information Cascades and Revolutionary Regime Transitions." Economic Journal 121, no. 553 (November 23, 2010): 763–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02401.x.

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6

de Martí, Joan, and Pau Milán. "Regime change in large information networks." Games and Economic Behavior 113 (January 2019): 262–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2018.09.010.

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7

Kim, Jin Gi, Hyun-Tak Lee, and Bong-Gyu Jang. "Predicting Korea’ business-cycle regimes using OnBid auction data." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies: 선물연구 29, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-11-2020-0027.

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Purpose This paper examines whether the successful bid rate of the OnBid public auction, published by Korea Asset Management Corporation, can identify and forecast the Korea business-cycle expansion and contraction regimes characterized by the OECD reference turning points. We use logistic regression and support vector machine in performing the OECD regime classification and predicting three-month-ahead regime. We find that the OnBid auction rate conveys important information for detecting the coincident and future regimes because this information might be closely related to deleveraging regarding default on debt obligations. This finding suggests that corporate managers and investors could use the auction information to gauge the regime position in their decision-making. This research has an academic significance that reveals the relationship between the auction market and the business-cycle regimes.

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8

Brunner, Manuela I., Lieke A. Melsen, Andrew J. Newman, Andrew W. Wood, and Martyn P. Clark. "Future streamflow regime changes in the United States: assessment using functional classification." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 3951–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3951-2020.

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Abstract. Streamflow regimes are changing and expected to further change under the influence of climate change, with potential impacts on flow variability and the seasonality of extremes. However, not all types of regimes are going to change in the same way. Climate change impact assessments can therefore benefit from identifying classes of catchments with similar streamflow regimes. Traditional catchment classification approaches have focused on specific meteorological and/or streamflow indices, usually neglecting the temporal information stored in the data. The aim of this study is 2-fold: (1) develop a catchment classification scheme that enables incorporation of such temporal information and (2) use the scheme to evaluate changes in future flow regimes. We use the developed classification scheme, which relies on a functional data representation, to cluster a large set of catchments in the conterminous United States (CONUS) according to their mean annual hydrographs. We identify five regime classes that summarize the behavior of catchments in the CONUS: (1) intermittent regime, (2) weak winter regime, (3) strong winter regime, (4) New Year's regime, and (5) melt regime. Our results show that these spatially contiguous classes are not only similar in terms of their regimes, but also their flood and drought behavior as well as their physiographical and meteorological characteristics. We therefore deem the functional regime classes valuable for a number of applications going beyond change assessments, including model validation studies or predictions of streamflow characteristics in ungauged basins. To assess future regime changes, we use simulated discharge time series obtained from the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model driven with meteorological time series generated by five general circulation models. A comparison of the future regime classes derived from these simulations with current classes shows that robust regime changes are expected only for currently melt-influenced regions in the Rocky Mountains. These changes in mountainous, upstream regions may require adaption of water management strategies to ensure sufficient water supply in dependent downstream regions. Highlights. Functional data clustering enables formation of clusters of catchments with similar hydrological regimes and a similar drought and flood behavior. We identify five streamflow regime clusters: (1) intermittent regime, (2) weak winter regime, (3) strong winter regime, (4) New Year's regime, and (5) melt regime. Future regime changes are most pronounced for currently melt-dominated regimes in the Rocky Mountains. Functional regime clusters have widespread utility for predictions in ungauged basins and hydroclimate analyses.

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9

Abraham, Carsten, and Adam H. Monahan. "Climatological Features of the Weakly and Very Stably Stratified Nocturnal Boundary Layers. Part I: State Variables Containing Information about Regime Occupation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 3455–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0261.1.

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Abstract The atmospheric nocturnal stable boundary layer (SBL) can be classified into two distinct regimes: the weakly SBL (wSBL) with sustained turbulence and the very SBL (vSBL) with weak and intermittent turbulence. A hidden Markov model (HMM) analysis of the three-dimensional state-variable space of Reynolds-averaged mean dry static stability, mean wind speed, and wind speed shear is used to classify the SBL into these two regimes at nine different tower sites, in order to study long-term regime occupation and transition statistics. Both Reynolds-averaged mean data and measures of turbulence intensity (eddy variances) are separated in a physically meaningful way. In particular, fluctuations of the vertical wind component are found to be much smaller in the vSBL than in the wSBL. HMM analyses of these data using more than two SBL regimes do not result in robust results across measurement locations. To identify which meteorological state variables carry the information about regime occupation, the HMM analyses are repeated using different state-variable subsets. Reynolds-averaged measures of turbulence intensity (such as turbulence kinetic energy) at any observed altitude hold almost the same information as the original set, without adding any additional information. In contrast, both stratification and shear depend on surface information to capture regime transitions accurately. Use of information only in the bottom 10 m of the atmosphere is sufficient for HMM analyses to capture important information about regime occupation and transition statistics. It follows that the commonly measured 10-m wind speed is potentially a good indicator of regime occupation.

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10

Amelin, Roman V., and Leonid V. Bessonov. "The Legal Regime of Information Resources of Medical Information Systems." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series Economics. Management. Law 19, no. 4 (2019): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2019-19-4-428-435.

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11

Jakob, Christian, and Courtney Schumacher. "Precipitation and Latent Heating Characteristics of the Major Tropical Western Pacific Cloud Regimes." Journal of Climate 21, no. 17 (September 1, 2008): 4348–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2122.1.

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Abstract An objective tropical cloud regime classification based on daytime averaged cloud-top pressure and optical thickness information from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) is combined with precipitation and latent heating characteristics derived using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR). TRMM precipitation information is stratified into the ISCCP regimes in the tropical western Pacific (TWP), revealing the following three major precipitation regimes: a heavy (12 mm day−1) precipitation regime dominated by stratiform precipitation and top-heavy latent heating; a regime with moderate (5 mm day−1) precipitation amounts, mostly convective in nature with more midlevel latent heating; and a low (2 mm day−1) precipitation regime with a relatively large rain contribution from shallow convection, compared to the other regimes. Although three of the ISCCP cloud regimes are linked to the more convective, moderate precipitation regime, only one of the cloud regimes is associated with the more stratiform, top-heavy latent heating regime, making the ISCCP regimes a potentially useful tool for the further study of this dynamically important tropical weather state. Similarly, only one cloud regime is associated with the more shallow convective precipitation regime. In terms of the TWP, precipitation and latent heating are dominated by the relatively infrequent (15%) occurrence of the strongly precipitating top-heavy latent heating state and by the frequent (>30%) occurrence of one of the more moderately precipitating convective states. The low precipitation/shallow cumulus regime occurs often (i.e., 25% of the time) but does not contribute strongly to the overall precipitation and latent heating. Each of these regimes also shows distinct geographical patterns in the TWP, thus providing insight into the distribution of convective and stratiform rain across the tropics. This study confirms the potential usefulness of the objective regime classification based on ISCCP, and it opens several new avenues for studying the interaction of convection with the large-scale tropical circulation.

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12

Marcovich, Anne, and Terry Shinn. "Science research regimes as architectures of knowledge in context: A ‘longue durée’ comparative historical sociology of structures and dynamics in science." Social Science Information 59, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 310–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018420923471.

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The purpose of this historical-sociological study is to identify the different intellectual and organizational structures and paths adopted by science over the ages. These forms are what we call science research regimes. Our perspective is simultaneously historical, sociological and comparative. We propose a socio-historical framework that points out transverse structures in science and their changing dynamics, in a ‘longue durée’ perspective. Historical examples of regimes embrace the following regimes: what we term the ‘polycentric research regime’ of the 17th and 18th centuries; the ‘exclusionary research regime’ (disciplinarity) that emerged during the 19th century and persists today; the ‘combinatorial research regime,’ which began around the end of the 19th century; and finally the ‘interstitial research regime’ associated with transverse research- technology, also born in the late 19th century.

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13

Kulikova, S. A. "Legal Regime of Information Production and Distribution." IZVESTIYA OF SARATOV UNIVERSITY. NEW SERIES. SERIES: ECONOMICS. MANAGEMENT. LAW 15, no. 4 (2015): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2015-15-4-455-462.

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14

Unger, Roberto J. G., and Isa Maria Freire. "Sistemas de informação e linguagens documentárias no contexto dos regimes de informação: um exercício conceitual." RDBCI: Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação 4, no. 1 (September 18, 2006): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rdbci.v4i1.2038.

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O artigo apresenta o conceito de regime de informação aos gestores de informação, como contribuição aos processos de adaptação e adequação de sistemas de informação e linguagens documentárias para atender às necessidades informacionais dos usuários. Regimes de informação são modos de produção informacional dominantes numa formação econômico-social que pressupõem, necessariamente, em seu contexto fontes de informação que são disseminadas e exercem influência no contexto social em que estão estabelecidas. Nesse aspecto, as sociedades têm regimes de informação através dos quais organizam a produção material e simbólica e representam a dinâmica das relações sociais. Dentre as diversas formas de manifestações institucionais atuais, destacam-se os sistemas de recuperação da informação, a manifestação per se do fenômeno que move o regime. Os sistemas de recuperação da informação, por sua vez, usam linguagens documentárias para organizar e comunicar a informação organizada nos inúmeros “agregados de informação”, que Barreto (1996) define como “estruturas” que armazenam “estoques de informação” e podem atuar como “agentes”, ou “mediadores”, entre uma fonte de informação e seus usuários. Abstract The article presents the concept of regime of information to information managers as a contribution for the proccesses of adaptation and adjustment of information systems and documentary language to really attend the information needs of users. Regimes of information are dominants modules of informational production in economic-social formation that presuppose, necessarily, in its context information sources wich are disseminated and put in actions influences in the structure which they are established. Under these circumstances, societies have regimes of information through whom organize symbolic and material production and represent the social dynamics relations. In the midst of several kinds of actual institutional manifestations, distinguish the information retrieval systems, the expression per se of the phenomenon that moves the regime. Under this configuration, the information retrieval systems make use of documentary language to organize, describe and communicate provided information in innumerable aggregates of information that, according Barreto (1996), “are structures which harvest “supply of information” and they operate as “agents” or “mediators” between a source of information and their users”.

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15

Komleva, V. V. "Country Communication Regime as a Socio-Political Phenomenon." Russia & World: Sc. Dialogue 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53658/rw2021-1-1-13-26.

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The article examines a new scientific category of communication regime, analyses its scope, socio-political significance and features. The author describes communication regime as a controlled (with varying degree of controllability), institutionalized (with varying degree of institutionalization), conventional (with varying degree of conventionality) system of norms, rules, principles, traditions, structures, and actors that regulates information and communication processes. The immanent components of the communication regimes are communications (the process and the result of establishing two- or multilateral contacts) and information (the messages transmitted in the process of communication or in a one-way, unidirectional process of informing). The social essence of the communication regime lies in the ordering of communication and information, and the political essence in ensuring the reproduction of the current government, which together allows the system to preserve itself. The social essence of the communication regime lies in the harmonisation of communication and information, the political essence is in ensuring the reproduction of the current government, which in aggregate allows the system to preserve itself. The construction of communication regimes occurs by: (1) institutionalizing the ideas of the subjects of power about the ideal model of organizing information and communication processes in society; (2) consociations regarding the historically established norms and traditions of communication; (3) taking into account the interests of large and significant social groups; (4) adaptation of the current regime to new communication practices. Communication modes have complex subject-object relationships in which objects can become subjects and change the current regime. The author reveals the paradoxes and contradictions of communication modes, the underestimation of which can lead to social and political destabilization. A model for a comprehensive analysis of country communication regimes is proposed, developed by the author under the influence of systemic, institutional approaches, the ideas of constructivists, and taking into account the possibilities of the empirical level of research, fixation and pooling of scientific facts.

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16

Kim, Seokgoo, Nam Ho Kim, and Joo-Ho Choi. "Information Value-Based Fault Diagnosis of Train Door System under Multiple Operating Conditions." Sensors 20, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 3952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143952.

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While there are many data-driven diagnosis algorithms for fault isolation of complex systems, a new challenge arises in the case of multiple operating regimes. In this case, the diagnosis is usually carried out for each regime for better accuracy. However, the problem is that different results can be derived from each regime and they can conflict with each other, which may invalidate the performance of fault diagnosis. To address this challenge, a methodology for selecting the most reliable one among the different diagnostic results is proposed, which combines the Bayesian network (BN) and the information value (IV). The BN is trained for each regime and a conditional probability table is obtained for probabilistic fault diagnosis. The IV is then employed to evaluate the value of several diagnostic results. The proposed approach is applied to the fault diagnosis of a train door system and its effectiveness is proven.

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17

Kim, Suyi, So-Yeun Kim, and Kyungmee Choi. "Effect of Oil Prices on Exchange Rate Movements in Korea and Japan Using Markov Regime-Switching Models." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 4402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174402.

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We examined the effects of oil prices along with fundamental economic variables on exchange rate movements in the Korean and Japanese foreign exchange markets, using two-regime Markov Regime Switching Models (MRSMs) over the period from January 1991 to March 2019. We selected the best MRSMs explaining their exchange rate movements using the Maximum Log-Likelihood and Akaike Information Criteria, and analyze effects of oil prices on their exchange rates based on the selected best MRSMs. We consider two regimes, regime 1 with high-volatility and regime 2 with low-volatility. In Korea, two apparent regimes are observed, and unstable regime 1 consists of two distinct prolonged periods, the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis and the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. Meanwhile in Japan, no evident prolonged regimes are observed. Rather, the two regimes occasionally alternate. Oil prices influence exchange rate movements in regime 2 with low-volatility in Korea, while they do not influence exchange rate movements in either regimes in Japan. The Japanese foreign exchange market is more resistant to external oil price shocks because the Japanese industry and economy has less dependence on oil than Korea.

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18

FUTAMI, HIDENORI. "REGIME SWITCHING TERM STRUCTURE MODEL UNDER PARTIAL INFORMATION." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 14, no. 02 (March 2011): 265–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024911006358.

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In this study, we attempt to calculate the term structure of the interest rate under partial information using a model in which the mean reversion level of the short rate changes in accordance with a regime shift in the economy. Under partial information, an investor observes the history of only the short rate and not a regime shift; hence, calculating the term structure of the interest rate is reduced to the problem of filtering the current regime from observable short rates. Therefore, we calculate it using the filtering theory that estimates a stochastic process from noisy observations, and investigate the effects of the regime shift under partial information on the market price of risk and the volatility of a bond price compared with those under full information, in which the regime is assumed to be observable. We find that, under partial information, the regime-shift risk converts into the diffusion risk. As a result, we find that both the market price of diffusion risk and the volatility of a bond price under partial information become stochastic, even though these under full information are constant.

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19

Roos, Williamson, and Bowman. "Is Anthropogenic Pyrodiversity Invisible in Paleofire Records?" Fire 2, no. 3 (July 18, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire2030042.

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Paleofire studies frequently discount the impact of human activities in past fire regimes. Globally, we know that a common pattern of anthropogenic burning regimes is to burn many small patches at high frequency, thereby generating landscape heterogeneity. Is this type of anthropogenic pyrodiversity necessarily obscured in paleofire records because of fundamental limitations of those records? We evaluate this with a cellular automata model designed to replicate different fire regimes with identical fire rotations but different fire frequencies and patchiness. Our results indicate that high frequency patch burning can be identified in tree-ring records at relatively modest sampling intensities. However, standard methods that filter out fires represented by few trees systematically biases the records against patch burning. In simulated fire regime shifts, fading records, sample size, and the contrast between the shifted fire regimes all interact to make statistical identification of regime shifts challenging without other information. Recent studies indicate that integration of information from history, archaeology, or anthropology and paleofire data generate the most reliable inferences of anthropogenic patch burning and fire regime changes associated with cultural changes.

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20

K. Oseifuah, Emmanuel, and Carl H. Korkpoe. "A Markov regime switching approach to estimating the volatility of Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) returns." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(1).2019.17.

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The study used the Markov regime switching model to investigate the presence of regimes in the volatility dynamics of the returns of JSE All-Share Index (ALSI). Volatility regimes are as a result of sudden changes in the underlying economy generating the market returns. In all, twelve candidate models were fitted to the data. Estimates from the regime switching model were compared to the industry standard non-switching GARCH (1,1) using the Deviance Information Criteria (DIC). The results show that the two-regime switching EGARCH model with skewed Student t innovations describes better the return of the JSE Index. Additionally, we backtest the model results in order to confirm our findings that the two-regime switching EGARCH is the best of the models for the sample period.

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21

Winseck, Dwayne. "Book Review: The Emergent Global Information Policy Regime." Global Media and Communication 2, no. 1 (April 2006): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174276650600200108.

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22

Curtis, Terry. "The international telecommunication regime in the information age." Prometheus 21, no. 4 (December 2003): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0810902032000144628.

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23

Iachan, Felipe S., and Plamen T. Nenov. "Information quality and crises in regime-change games." Journal of Economic Theory 158 (July 2015): 739–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2014.03.005.

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24

Szkup, Michal, and Isabel Trevino. "Information acquisition in global games of regime change." Journal of Economic Theory 160 (December 2015): 387–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2015.10.005.

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25

Komai, Mana, Philip J. Grossman, and Evelyne Benie. "Leadership and the effective choice of information regime." Theory and Decision 82, no. 1 (June 6, 2016): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11238-016-9554-z.

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26

Zytsyk, S. H. "LEGAL REGIME OF INFORMATION ON TAXPAYERS IN UKRAINE." Scientific journal of M.P. Dragomanov National Pedagogical University. Series 18 Law, no. 36 (2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series18.2021.36.06.

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27

Ershova, I. V., and A. Yu Petrakov. "The High Alert Regime in the System of Legal Regimes Used for the Implementation of Business Activities." Lex Russica, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.166.9.009-020.

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The paper is devoted to the phenomenon of the legal regime investigated through the prism of business law. The authors give a brief description of the main legal regimes. They examine the concept, types, content, features and discuss the legal regimes’ classification using various grounds.In particular, they supplement the list of special legal regime features with not only possible specificity of an industry or field of entrepreneurship, but also with activities of certain categories of subjects. Following the traditional classification of legal regimes into general, special and specific, the authors determine the place of legal regimes that have appeared recently, namely: the high alert regime, preferential legal regime, and experimental legal regime — in the system of legal regimes for implementation of business activities. The authors describe the preferential legal regime as the specific legal regime, and, with regard to the experimental legal regime, they highlight that it tends to a specific legal regime, although it may claim to stand alone in a system of different legal regimes.The analysis of the high alert legal regime can lead to classifying it as a special legal regime, as well as to highlighting its distinctive features. Taking into account the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Russia, a separate emphasis in the paper is placed on the measures of state support taken in order to restore the economy after a nearly three-month stoppage. The authors highlight key measures of state support for business and underline that, despite the temporary nature of the majority of support measures, some of them have been introduced without determining the period during which measures under consideration will remain in force.The paper provides links to numerous useful Internet resources, referring to which one can obtain comprehensive information on measures of state support approved and adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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28

Pope, Mick, Christian Jakob, and Michael J. Reeder. "Regimes of the North Australian Wet Season." Journal of Climate 22, no. 24 (December 15, 2009): 6699–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli3057.1.

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Abstract The variability of the north Australian wet season is examined by performing cluster analysis on the wind and thermodynamic information contained in the 2300 UTC radiosonde data at Darwin for 49 wet seasons (September–April) from 1957/58 to 2005/06. Five objectively derived regimes of the wet season are obtained and are found to differ significantly in their synoptic environment, cloud patterns, and rainfall distributions. One regime is primarily associated with the trade wind regime. Two regimes are associated with the lead up to and break periods of the monsoon at Darwin. A fourth regime is clearly identified with the active monsoon at Darwin and is offered as a definition of monsoon onset. This regime captures the active monsoon environment associated with significant widespread rainfall. The fifth regime is a mixed regime, with some days associated with the inactive monsoon, a period of westerly zonal winds at Darwin associated with relatively suppressed convection compared with the active monsoon. Other days for this regime are break period conditions with a low-level westerly flow below 900 hPa.

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29

Liu, Anqi, Jing Chen, Steve Y. Yang, and Alan G. Hawkes. "The Flow of Information in Trading: An Entropy Approach to Market Regimes." Entropy 22, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22091064.

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In this study, we use entropy-based measures to identify different types of trading behaviors. We detect the return-driven trading using the conditional block entropy that dynamically reflects the “self-causality” of market return flows. Then we use the transfer entropy to identify the news-driven trading activity that is revealed by the information flows from news sentiment to market returns. We argue that when certain trading behavior becomes dominant or jointly dominant, the market will form a specific regime, namely return-, news- or mixed regime. Based on 11 years of news and market data, we find that the evolution of financial market regimes in terms of adaptive trading activities over the 2008 liquidity and euro-zone debt crises can be explicitly explained by the information flows. The proposed method can be expanded to make “causal” inferences on other types of economic phenomena.

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30

Ahmad, Nasir, Sybil Derrible, Tarsha Eason, and Heriberto Cabezas. "Using Fisher information to track stability in multivariate systems." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 11 (November 2016): 160582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160582.

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With the current proliferation of data, the proficient use of statistical and mining techniques offer substantial benefits to capture useful information from any dataset. As numerous approaches make use of information theory concepts, here, we discuss how Fisher information (FI) can be applied to sustainability science problems and used in data mining applications by analysing patterns in data. FI was developed as a measure of information content in data, and it has been adapted to assess order in complex system behaviour. The main advantage of the approach is the ability to collapse multiple variables into an index that can be used to assess stability and track overall trends in a system, including its regimes and regime shifts. Here, we provide a brief overview of FI theory, followed by a simple step-by-step numerical example on how to compute FI. Furthermore, we introduce an open source Python library that can be freely downloaded from GitHub and we use it in a simple case study to evaluate the evolution of FI for the global-mean temperature from 1880 to 2015. Results indicate significant declines in FI starting in 1978, suggesting a possible regime shift.

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31

Hart, Genevieve, and Mary Nassimbeni. "The value of information in South Africa’s new democracy." Library Management 39, no. 5 (June 11, 2018): 322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-09-2017-0087.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to trace and analyse the relationship between information and democracy in the old and in the new South Africa. The authors interrogate the applicability to the situation of the famous quotation attributed to Thomas Jefferson, “Information is the currency of Democracy”.Design/methodology/approachThe authors frame the argument by analysing the differences in philosophy underpinning the state’s attitude to the free flow of information between the pre-democratic regime (often referred to as the Apartheid regime which came into power in 1948) and the current democratic state established in 1994.FindingsWhile the philosophical approach between the two regimes is demonstrably different – the findings show the discontinuities – the authors also find evidence of continuities. The authors examine traces of recurrent patterns and propose reasons for their persistence.Originality/valueBecause South Africa is a very young democracy it presents unique opportunities for social scientists to analyse the unfolding of challenges and opportunities not readily apparent in mature democracies. The theme of the issue allowed us to study and observe the evolution and growth of policy related to the free flow of information, and also to examine the current drift between policy and practice.

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32

Depledge, Joanna. "The Opposite of Learning: Ossification in the Climate Change Regime." Global Environmental Politics 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2006.6.1.1.

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Promoting learning among participants is a key function commonly attributed to international regimes. Such learning, however, cannot always be guaranteed, and regimes may sometimes descend into ossification. In contrast to a learning regime, an ossifying regime is one that is unable to process new information, facilitate the free-flow of new ideas, or foster understanding and trust among negotiators. Evidence from the recent history of the climate change regime suggests it is suffering from ossification. Dragging forces contributing to this include the institutionalization of the “north/south divide,” complexity of the process, fragile conditions for effective communication, onerous decision—making rules, activities of obstructionists, absence of the US, and weak implementation. Pockets of learning on climate change are, however, still active, especially outside the regime itself. To reinvigorate the negotiations, meaningful progress is needed on domestic and regional implementation, including ensuring the success of the Protocol's market mechanisms.

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33

Johnson, Christine. "Improved Access Regime for Environmental Information and the Role of the Information Commissioner." Environmental Law Review 6, no. 4 (April 2005): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/enlr.6.4.219.58944.

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34

Graef, Inge, and Peggy Valcke. "Exploring new ways to ensure interoperability under the Digital Agenda." info 16, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/info-09-2013-0050.

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Purpose – This article seeks to analyze the initiative of the European Commission that studied the feasibility of measures that would lead significant market players to license their interoperability information under the Digital Agenda. Design/methodology/approach – The significance of the abuse of dominance regime and the electronic communications framework in ensuring access to interoperability information in the ICT sector is studied by way of analyzing legislation and case law. Against the background of these two existing regulatory regimes, the proposals that the Commission made in its recently published Staff Working Document are evaluated. Findings – The Microsoft case illustrates that the abuse of dominance regime under European competition law is not very effective to remedy interoperability issues in a structural way. An ex ante regime will enable the ICT industry to reap the full benefits of interoperability on a broader scale. Since the Commission's initiative seems to target interoperability among software products, the electronic communications regime is not applicable. A new regulatory regime should therefore be established. As the desirability of a mandatory regime can be questioned, the adoption of soft law measures seems to be the preferred option. Originality/value – By putting the initiative of the Commission to examine measures that promote access to interoperability information under the Digital Agenda into its broader regulatory context, the article contributes to the discussion on the possible ways to ensure interoperability in the ICT sector.

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35

Baldi, Marco, Alessandro Barenghi, Franco Chiaraluce, Gerardo Pelosi, and Paolo Santini. "A Finite Regime Analysis of Information Set Decoding Algorithms." Algorithms 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12100209.

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Decoding of random linear block codes has been long exploited as a computationally hard problem on which it is possible to build secure asymmetric cryptosystems. In particular, both correcting an error-affected codeword, and deriving the error vector corresponding to a given syndrome were proven to be equally difficult tasks. Since the pioneering work of Eugene Prange in the early 1960s, a significant research effort has been put into finding more efficient methods to solve the random code decoding problem through a family of algorithms known as information set decoding. The obtained improvements effectively reduce the overall complexity, which was shown to decrease asymptotically at each optimization, while remaining substantially exponential in the number of errors to be either found or corrected. In this work, we provide a comprehensive survey of the information set decoding techniques, providing finite regime temporal and spatial complexities for them. We exploit these formulas to assess the effectiveness of the asymptotic speedups obtained by the improved information set decoding techniques when working with code parameters relevant for cryptographic purposes. We also delineate computational complexities taking into account the achievable speedup via quantum computers and similarly assess such speedups in the finite regime. To provide practical grounding to the choice of cryptographically relevant parameters, we employ as our validation suite the ones chosen by cryptosystems admitted to the second round of the ongoing standardization initiative promoted by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology.

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36

Kim, Kang-Hwan, and Sang Wook Kim. "Szilard’s information heat engines in the deep quantum regime." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 61, no. 8 (October 2012): 1187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.61.1187.

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37

Amelin, R. V. "The Legal Regime of State and Municipal Information Systems." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series Economics. Management. Law 18, no. 4 (2018): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2018-18-4-455-465.

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38

Yang, Qing-Qing, Wai-Ki Ching, Jia-Wen Gu, and Tak-Kuen Siu. "Market-making strategy with asymmetric information and regime-switching." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 90 (May 2018): 408–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2018.04.003.

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39

Chadah, Sapna. "Right to Information Regime in India: A Critical Appraisal." Indian Journal of Public Administration 52, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120060101.

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40

Fath, Brian D., Heriberto Cabezas, and Christopher W. Pawlowski. "Regime changes in ecological systems: an information theory approach." Journal of Theoretical Biology 222, no. 4 (June 2003): 517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(03)00067-5.

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41

MAHMOOD, SHIRAZ. "The Schengen Information System: An Inequitable Data Protection Regime." International Journal of Refugee Law 7, no. 2 (1995): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/7.2.179.

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42

Mayer, Audrey L., Christopher W. Pawlowski, and Heriberto Cabezas. "Fisher Information and dynamic regime changes in ecological systems." Ecological Modelling 195, no. 1-2 (May 2006): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.011.

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43

Helland, Leif, Felipe S. Iachan, Ragnar E. Juelsrud, and Plamen T. Nenov. "Information quality and regime change: Evidence from the lab." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 191 (November 2021): 538–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.08.036.

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44

Dias Venâncio, Pedro. "Regime geral dos atos eletrónicos – um regime esquecido." Revista Electrónica de Direito 23, no. 3 (October 2020): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2182-9845_2020-0003_0008.

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In addition to the digitization of physical evidence associated with the modernization of the mechanisms of the digitalized civil process, the future of Justice is closely linked to digital proof: the use of originally electronic documents to prove contracts and other legally relevant acts. The proliferation of electronic communications (replacing postal mail, fax communications and even telephone), in its multiple forms (electronic mail, instant messages, and the multiple public and private communications services provided by social networks), as well as the expansion of electronic commerce, and in particular the generalization of electronic contracting, has been increasing exponentially the use of electronic means for the practice of legal acts. Digital proof assumes a central role in civil law, both from a substantive and an adjective perspective. The regime of validity and probative value of documents, signatures and electronic communications enshrined in Decree-Law No. 290-D/99, of 2 August, represents a general regime for civil law of paramount importance in the Information Society. Unfortunately, the Portuguese legislator has repeatedly approved exceptional rules in individual diplomas, contradicting or ignoring the existence of this general regime.

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45

Russell, Mark. "Continuous disclosure and information asymmetry." Accounting Research Journal 28, no. 2 (September 7, 2015): 195–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-11-2013-0085.

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Purpose – This paper aims to examine whether firms with high information asymmetry disclose more information under a continuous disclosure regime, and, second, the paper examines whether continuous disclosures reduce information asymmetry. Design/methodology/approach – The study models relations between continuous disclosures and information asymmetry using ordinary least squares regression and two-stage least squares regression. Findings – The study finds firms with high information asymmetry disclose more information. Further, the study finds that disclosure in the presence of high information asymmetry increases asymmetry. Finally, while bad news increases information asymmetry, the disclosure of firm-specific good and bad news is associated with reduced information asymmetry. Originality/value – The paper identifies conditions under which Continuous Disclosure Regime increases information in markets and influences information asymmetry.

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46

Терещенко, Людмила, Lyudmila Tyeryeyenko, Олег Тиунов, and Olyeg Tiunov. "Legal Regime of Personal Data." Journal of Russian Law 2, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6584.

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The personal data is carried to a category of the confidential information, the interdiction for gathering, storage, use and distribution of the information on private life is established, and is equal to the information breaking personal secret, family secret, secret of correspondence, telephone negotiations, post, cable and other messages of the physical person without its consent, except as on the basis of the judgement. Article is devoted the analysis of bases of a legal regime of the personal data, problems of application of the legislation on the personal data, definition of tendencies in development of the legislation on the personal data, including the right of a response the subject of the personal data of the consent to their processing, to search of balance of interests of the subject of the personal data and societies. In article judiciary practice, including decisions of the European Court under Human Rights in the given sphere also is analyzed. Presence of different lines of thought in the decision of the affairs connected with granting of the personal data is shown.

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47

Nilsson, Lars. "Principles of EU Imports, Tariffs, and Tariff Regimes." Journal of World Trade 45, Issue 4 (August 1, 2011): 821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2011028.

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This paper provides an introduction to the basics of European Union (EU) imports, tariffs, and tariff regimes. Firstly, it describes the inherent complexities in the EU tariff schedule and outlines the approach taken for aggregating EU tariffs from the ten-digit level to a lower level of aggregation. Secondly, the paper presents the distribution of EU imports by main partners and broad product groups under the four different statistical import regimes and highlights the importance of which statistical regime a product is classified under. Thirdly, based on a simplified classification, the paper explains the methodology behind the merger of tariff data and trade flows used to provide information on the distribution of EU import flows by import tariff regime (Most Favoured Nation (MFN), Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), and other preferential regimes. Finally, an overview of EU imports by tariff regime is presented and commented upon.

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48

ELLIOTT, ROBERT J., HONG MIAO, and JIN YU. "INVESTMENT TIMING UNDER REGIME SWITCHING." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 12, no. 04 (June 2009): 443–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024909005361.

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We investigate the optimal investment timing strategy in a real option framework. Depending on the state of the economy, whose changes are modeled by a Markov chain, the investment cost can take one of two values. The optimal investment timing decision is determined by finding the free boundary of a perpetual American option. Three investment timing policies, based on different assumptions of investors' information sets, are determined and compared. In the full information case, a significantly earlier optimal exercising time is indicated. We show that an optimal-timing policy suggested by the conventional real option model might ruin the investment opportunities.

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49

Stinchcornbe, Arthur L. "Lustration as a Problem of the Social Basis of Constitutionalism." Law & Social Inquiry 20, no. 01 (1995): 245–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1995.tb00688.x.

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One part of building a new constitution after wars, revolutions, civil wars, or dramatic regime changes is to draw a cultural boundary in time, declaring various aspects of the old regime illegitimate and various legalities and constitutional principles of the new regime legitimate. One part of that process, in turn, is to decide how the new regime should treat the guilt of individuals for terror, collaboration, betrayal of information to the regime, and the like. This essay argues that such lustration processes should be a very minor part of the definition of the meaning of the pat, and even less of a part of building social supports under the new constitution. It also assesses the contributions on lustration in this issue in light of this view of what place lustration should play in the construction of democratic constitutions after authoritarian regimes.

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50

Aretxabaleta, A. L., K. W. Smith, and J. Ballabrera-Poy. "Regime changes in global sea surface salinity trend." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 3 (June 3, 2015): 983–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-983-2015.

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Abstract. Recent studies have shown significant sea surface salinity (SSS) changes at scales ranging from regional to global. In this study, we estimate global salinity means and trends using historical (1950–2014) SSS data from the UK Met. Office Hadley Centre objectively analyzed monthly fields and recent data from the SMOS satellite (2010–2014). We separate the different components (regimes) of the global surface salinity by fitting a Gaussian Mixture Model to the data and using Expectation–Maximization to distinguish the means and trends of the data. The procedure uses a non-subjective method (Bayesian Information Criterion) to extract the optimal number of means and trends. The results show the presence of three separate regimes: Regime A (1950–1990) is characterized by small trend magnitudes; Regime B (1990–2009) exhibited enhanced trends; and Regime C (2009–2014) with significantly larger trend magnitudes. The salinity differences between regime means were around 0.01. The trend acceleration could be related to an enhanced global hydrological cycle or to a change in the sampling methodology.

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