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Статті в журналах з теми "Régime hyper-lipidique"
Conductier, G., F. Rouaud, N. Blondeau, C. Heurteaux, J. L. Nahon, and C. Rovere. "O52 Implication des cytokines-chimiokines dans l’établissement d’une obésité induite par un régime hyper-lipidique chez la souris." Cahiers de Nutrition et de Diététique 46 (December 2011): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-9960(11)70073-6.
Повний текст джерелаConductier, G., F. Rouaud, N. Blondeau, C. Heurteaux, J. L. Nahon, and C. Rovere. "O52 Implication des cytokines-chimiokines dans l’établissement d’une obésité induite par un régime hyper-lipidique chez la souris." Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme 25 (December 2011): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0985-0562(11)70056-5.
Повний текст джерелаAupetit, A., P. Decaunes, K. Perrier, P. Loubière, R. Flores-Flores, A. Bouloumié, and A. Briot. "La réponse adaptative des dépôts adipeux au jeûne/réalimentation est altérée de manière précoce par un régime hyper-lipidique chez les mâles." Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme 36, no. 1 (February 2022): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nupar.2021.12.148.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Régime hyper-lipidique"
Al-Rifai, Sarah. "Rôle de la résistine hypothalamique dans l'installation de l’inflammation hypothalamique et l’insulino-résistance : impact de la consommation aigüe ou chronique d'un régime hyper lipidique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS095/document.
Повний текст джерелаObesity is closely linked to a cluster of metabolic disorders including chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance, which constitutes a principal risk factor for type 2 diabetes. In rodents, cumulative evidence support that the consumption of high fat diet (HFD) is among the most important nutritional factors predisposing to obesity associated insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Indeed, HFD induces hypothalamic inflammation and deregulates energy homeostasis control through the alteration of hypothalamic insulin and leptin responsiveness, considered as the main anorexigenic hormones. In addition, it has been shown that unlike peripheral inflammation, which occurs as a consequence of obesity, hypothalamic inflammation develops selectively in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) within the first days of HFD exposure. These data suggest that hypothalamic inflammation is a critical step in the early onset of the deregulation of energy homeostasis by HFD. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation are still not fully characterized. In rodents, resistin is described as a causal factor in obesitymediated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Resistin is mainly secreted by adipose tissue in rodents but an endogenous expression of resistin was also reported in the hypothalamus. However, its action at the central level is not fully understood. Our group recently demonstrated that central resistin, via hypothalamic TLR4, promotes overall insulin resistance through the promotion of inflammatory pathway. In this context, we aimed to investigate the role of resistin/TLR4 pathway in HFD-induced hypothalamic inflammation and insulin resistance. In the present study we report for the first time that both short and long term HFD are associated with a significant increase of resistin expression throughout the MBH. Our results revealed a transient increase in resistin mRNA expression in the ARC after 3 days of HFD, followed by a decline to baseline at day 8 and an expression that increases again after 8 weeks of HFD. We showed that the increase of resistin expression is concomitant with short term HFD-induced ARC reactive gliosis, known to early disrupt energy balance and to predispose to obesity. Interestingly, our results revealed that resistin is expressed by POMC neurons which are critical for energy balance and tanycytes that have the specificity to contact both cerebro-spinal fluid and fenestrated capillary in the mediane eminence. Interestingly, we show that resistin induces tanycytes inflammation through TLR4 suggesting that resistin could promote inflammation in tanycytes in response to short term HFD. Additionally, we show that ICV resistin markedly increases inflammatory markers in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in association with reactive gliosis involving recruitment of both microglia and astrocytes. Interestingly, we report that the knockdown of TLR4 almost completely abolished resistin-dependent both hypothalamic inflammation and reactive gliosis. Our data demonstrate that restitin/TLR4 pathway could play a critical role in HFD-diet induced hypothalamic inflammation in response to short and long term HFD which predispose to obesity, a hallmark of metabolic syndrome
Amine, Hamza. "La microalgue Odontella aurita prévient l'insulino-résistance et l'inflammation hépatiques induites par un régime hyper-lipidique : mise en évidence des mécanismes insulino-sensibilisateurs des acides gras polyinsaturés omega-3 au niveau neuronal." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS050/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe metabolic syndrome is characterized by dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity and hypertension, which are related to an elevated risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have extensive biological effects and modulate the risk factors for metabolic syndrome via multiple mechanisms. However their impact on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are still unknown.In the current study, we report that Odontella aurita, a microalga rich in the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), prevents High saturated fat diet induced insulin resistance and inflammation in the liver of Wistar rats. High fat diet (HFD), given for 8 weeks, increased plasma insulin levels associated with the down-regulation of insulin receptor (IR) and the impairment of insulin-dependent IR phosphorylation. Furthermore, HFD increased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressions. Indeed, we have recently reported that TLR4 is implicated in resistin-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in the hypothalamus (Benomar et al, 2013). We also show that TLR4 up-regulation is concomitant with the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38). Importantly, Odontella aurita enriched HFD (HFOA, 12%) normalized body weight and plasma insulin levels, and restores IR expression at both protein and mRNA levels. In addition, HFAO improves insulin responsiveness as estimated by in vitro phosphorylation of hepatic plasma membrane IR. Furthermore, HFOA decreased TLR4 expression and JNK /p38 phosphorylation. In conclusion, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that omega-3 fatty acids brought by Ondontella aurita overcomes HFD-induced insulin resistance through the inhibition of TLR4/JNK/p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways.To further explore the molecular process underlying the activation of TLR4 by fatty acids, we aim to decipher the mechanisms implicated in the regulation of TLR4 expression. For this purpose, human neuroblastoma cells (SHSY-5Y) were exposed during 4h to either palmitic acid (a saturated fatty acid) or the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Cells were then treated with resistin. Firstly we analyzed the effect of resistin, palmitic acid and DHA on inflammation markers. We show that only resistin was able to activate NF-κB and to increase the phosphorylation of Akt and p38 MAPK. However, palmitic acid pretreatment increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), similar to resistin. Interestingly, DHA pretreatment suppresses palmitic acid and resistin induced up-regulation of IL-6 and TNF-α. Secondly, we studied the possible synergistic interaction between resistin and palmitic acid on TLR-4 expression. We show that palmitic acid pretreatment increases TLR4 expression, at both protein and mRNA levels, while DHA pretreatment had no effect. Importantly, palmitic acid pretreatment potentiates resistin effects. In conclusion, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that palmitic acid induces TLR4 expression and this leads to the amplification of resistin effects promoting then insulin resistance at the neuronal level.Taken together, these results demonstrate that omega-3 fatty acids prevent saturated fat-induced inflammation and insulin resistance through resistin/TLR4 signaling thereby preventing insulin resistance
Le, Roy Tiphaine. "Implication du microbiote intestinal dans l’insulino-résistance et les pathologies hépatiques associées à l’obésité, étude sur modèle murin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0016.
Повний текст джерелаObesity predisposes people to several severe pathologies, including type 2 diabetes and NAFLD (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease). Such pathologies are characterized by insulin resistance and systemic low grade inflammation. Recently, it has been established that such pathologies are associated to a gut microbiota dysbiosis. Moreover, recent studies in mice and human indicate that modulation of gut microbiota composition has beneficial effects on people suffering type 2 diabetes and/or NAFLD. Otherwise, it has been showed that germ-free mice remain lean, normo-glycemic and sensitive to insulin when fed a high-fat diet.The aim of this study was i) to decipher to what extent the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NAFLD depends on the presence or absence of gut microbiota, ii) to determine if the predisposition to metabolic disorders in an obesity context can be transferred via gut microbiota transplantation.We first compared the response of germ-free and conventional mice to high fat diet. Indeed, germ-free mice appeared to be resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. However, germ-freeness only partially protects against diet-induced steatosis, that is to say accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes. In conventional mice, high-fat diet induced an increase of the hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis. The inverse phenomenon was observed in germ-free mice. In order to study the liver inflammation, we isolated and cultivated liver macrophages from the two groups of mice. As in conventional mice, high-fat diet induced an increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by germ-free mice liver macrophages. However, germ-free mice macrophages remained sensitive to LPS stimulation, which was not observed in the conventional mice group. This results demonstrates that being devoid of gut microbiota deeply alters the immunological and metabolic responses to high-fat diet. Therefore, differences in gut microbiota composition could explain the differences of susceptibility in diet-induced insulin-resistance and NAFLD.Then, we colonised two groups of germ-free mice with the gut microbiota of two conventional mice the responses of which to high-fat diet were discrepant. The two donors mice presented different levels of fasting glycemia and HOMA-IR index despite a similar body weight. Both groups of colonised mice developped comparable obesity but different degrees of fasting glycemia and insulin resistance. Levels of steatosis and hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis were as well different in the two groups of colonised mice. Hence the results clearly show that the gut microbiota is the cause of the predisposition to diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Gut microbiota analysis revealed a higher proportion of lactic acid bacteria, Atopobium, Bacteroides and Akkermansia muciniphila in receiver mice resistant to diet-induced insulin resistance and steatosis, which allow us to hypothesize a protective effect of these bacteria in diet-induced metabolic disorders