Дисертації з теми "Refroidissement par film fluide"
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Miron, Petre. "Etude expérimentale des lois de parois et du film de refroidissement produit par une zone multiperforée sur une paroi plane. : Application au refroidissement des chambres de combustion des moteurs aéronautiques." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3030.
Повний текст джерелаThe optimisation of turbocraft combustion chamber cooling systems is nowadays one of the main challenges engineers have to deal with. The current work presents an experimental aerodynamic study of the multiholed cooling technique on a 10:1 scale flat plate. A great deal of attention has been paid during the development of the test rig to obtain clearly identified boundary conditions that are necessary to perform a relevant comparison between the present experimental results and related numerical simulations. LDA velocity measurements allowed to investigate the blowing rate and Reynolds number influence on the film cooling evolution in the middle and downstream the perforated zone. The kidney shape and the contra rotating pair vortex are investigated and then friction velocity and friction coefficient are experimentally estimated in the multiperforated region. Depth jet penetrations and film cooling thickness correlations are elaborated. Finally, all experimental results will be used to evaluate and validate future codes needed to simulate flows over multiperforated walls
Zouitene, Saâd. "Étude numérique et expérimentale du refroidissement des convertisseurs auxiliaires de puissance dans les trains par convection naturelle, film liquide et caloduc." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0016/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is about a study and optimization of the cooling electric power converters (CVS) used in trains. These components are heavy, noisy, and are not energetically efficient. We analyze other types of economic and efficient cooling. We used Comsol Multiphysics to study numerically CVS cooling by natural convection using the chimney effect and liquid film by exploiting the phase change to evacuate heat. The numerical results are validated with the results from literature and those obtained experimentally. The results have shown that natural convection is not sufficient to evacuate the heat and the cooling by liquid film represents an interesting solution. We also studied experimentally the effect of the heat pipe cooling. The influence of the heat distribution was also analyzed to optimize the location of the electronic components in the CVS. A general comparison of all results was proposed to optimize the cooling system
Subramanian, Arunprasath. "Contribution to Aerothermal Study of a Film Cooling Geometric Design using ZnO Phosphorescence Thermography and Numerical Simulations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ESMA0006.
Повний текст джерелаFilm cooling of aircraft gas turbine blades has been in use since a few decades now to improve the Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) and to extend the lifetime of the turbine blade. Additionally, stringent emission norms stipulate the improvement of overall efficiency of the gas turbine engine and hence the need to improve film cooling process. Film cooling is a technique where a cold jet is injected through discrete holes on the surface of the turbine blade, so as to form a layer of cool air over the surface of the blade, effectively protecting the blade from high temperature crossflows arising from the combustion chamber. This problem can be viewed as a Jet In Cross-Flow (JICF) phenomena where the interaction of the crossflow with a jet injected perpendicular or at an angle creates a system of vortices. One of the most important vortex systems in this arrangement is the Counter Rotating Vortex Pair arising from the shear forces at the sides of the ejecting jet with the crossflow primarily. The bending of the jet along the direction of the crossflow promotes the CRVP to ingest hot crossflow into the jet stream which reduces the effectiveness of the film cooling system. Hence, in this study, an auxiliary hole system is studied experimentally and numerically to reduce the intensity and the height of the CRVP which eventually helps in an augmented adiabatic film cooling effectiveness. The auxiliary holes placed upstream of the main film cooling hole reduces the intensity of the main hole CRVP due to the reduction in the shear forces experienced by the jet emanating from the main hole. In this thesis numerical analysis through RANS study using k-ω SST turbulence model to have a preliminary understanding of the auxiliary hole system and a detailed understanding of the flow structure using Large Eddy Simulation are performed. The highlight of this work is the development of single camera phosphor thermometry using the spectral intensity ratio method. This technique allows the measurement of the instantaneous and mean flow temperature non-intrusively. A detailed analysis of the emission properties of ZnO phosphor upon excitation by a 266nm laser is described. A calibration procedure for the intensity ratio method is defined and it is tested using a Rayleigh-Bénard natural convection process. This phosphor thermometry procedure with the validated code is implemented on the new BATH test Rig to study film cooling arrangements. Three different configurations are tested for their aero-thermal characteristics at penetration blowing ratio regime. Analysis of the experimental and numerical results help in identifying key vortex structures, leading to the better understanding of reasons for the augmentation of film cooling effectiveness in the auxiliary hole system compared to a classical simple cylindrical hole
Descoins, Jacques. "Caractérisation de techniques de refroidissement de paroi : application de la thermographie infrarouge au cas du soufflage pariétal." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ESAE0004.
Повний текст джерелаGuignard, Olivier. "Vers une modélisation combinée des échanges thermiques conductifs, convectifs et radiatifs dans des chambres de combustion aéronautiques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/oguignard.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe temperature levels reached in modern jet engines threaten the mechanical hold-up of confining walls. Air bleeding is necessary, which deteriorates the global aerothermal efficiency. In order to optimize it, designers use more and more elaborate numerical descriptions. In order to reproduce interactions between the various significant heat transfer modes, the corresponding simulation codes must exchange their outputs. However "coupling" type approaches remain very expensive from a computing point of view. "Chaining" type techniques could allow to approach the termal properties of the flow at a reduce cost. A methodology for the determination of the convection coefficient for cooling films is examined. Theoretical study and a practical application allow to underscore the conceptual error this methodology is suffering from. An alternative methodology is proposed to correct this error
Alsayed, Ahmad. "Contribution à la lubrification par film fluide : analyse par volumes finis." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2276.
Повний текст джерелаThe numerical methods used to solve the problems in lubrication are : finite difference, finite volume and finite element. In a first step we compared the results obtained with the first two methods. For geometry where the film thickness varies continuously, the finite volume method allows to check the conservation of the mass on the entire contact area. When the lubricating film has a geometrical discontinuity, the finite difference method leads to erroneous results. We developed an approach using the finite volume where the discontinuity of the pressure field is described by a generalized Bernoulli equation. Finally we develop a finite volume method which makes possible to treat arbitrary geometris. We applied this modeling to calculate the performances of a hybrid journal bearing comprising pockets of non - conventional form (rectangular, triangular and circular)
Ouattara, Aboubacar. "Caractérisation du refroidissement par jet liquide impactant une plaque métallique à haute température : Iinfluence de la composition du fluide sur le flux extrait." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10048/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, we are interested in the influence of the fluid’s composition on the cooling flux. In fact water used for cooling is recycled and can be potentially polluted by residues oil from the lubrication of rolling cylinder. We have designed an original experimental device which consists of heating a Nickel disk on its upper face at temperatures of 600°C through electromagnetic induction and then cooling it by jet impingement. The reverse face is available by infrared thermography measurements. These conditions allowed us to estimate the heat flux on the upper face (the cooling area) by infrared thermography measurements with a specific inverse heat conduction model. The results showed that the presence of oil, if it degrades the maximum cooling flux in some areas, led to a better overall cooling than that obtained with pure water
Tantolin, Christian. "Refroidissement de composants électroniques de puissance par immersion dans un fluide diélectrique : étude des échanges par ébullition-condensation-convection." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0053.
Повний текст джерелаIn railways traction, power electronic components are cooled with boiling of a dielectric fluid (Rl 13 or FC72) inside a finned sealed tank. Vapour is condensed on the tank wall which is cooled by an external air-flow. In such a system, many heat transfer mechanisms occur : confined boiling for the components, condensation on the internal finned wall, convective heat transfer between the wall and the external air flow and between the wall and the enclosed liquid. Furthermore, the interaction between the two-phase jet issuing from the heat sources and the enclosed liquid influences the convective flows in the tank, and then influences the convective heat transfer. As each mechanism depends on the other, the heat transfer study in the tank is complex. A experimental study allows the identification of the main parameters influencing the thermal performance of the system. Moreover, several models were developed (one for each heat transfer mechanism) in order to establish a global model of the tank. The agreement between theoretical and experimental results is good. Furthermore, the thermal effects due to the modification of a parameter are the same for the model and the experiment, thus this model can be used for the design of the tank
Fournier, Christophe. "Calcul de l'écoulement visqueux se développant sur une aube de turbine en présence d'un film de refroidissement." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0003.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this thesis is the development of a computational method to simulate the development of viscous flow on a turbine blade with film cooling. Blade cooling is often achieved with tows of discrete jets of cold fluid introduced at the wall. At present, full three-dimensional calculations do not allow the treatment of such complex flows. A method has been developed to compute the blade boundary layer with discrete jets. The flow is assumed to be periodic. The three-dimensional equations are space averaged over the distance between two consecutive jets. The resulting two-dimensional equations contain source terms which take into account the jets. These terms are given by an integral jet calculation. The jet computation is achieved with the space averaged flow as an external transverse flow. The results show that the global jet behaviour is well calculated for a single jet. Results are also presented for a row of jets emerging on a flat palte. Although the predicted velocity field is in a good agreement with measurements, the method is not able to reproduce the correct thermal field. The model also predicts the correct geometrical jets evolution for a row injected on the suction side of a trubine blade
MATIVET, ANNE. "Etude experimentale d'un procede de chauffage et de refroidissement par changement de phase du fluide caloporteur." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112389.
Повний текст джерелаDuchêne, Christophe. "Étude numérique du refroidissement par film : phénomènes de base et application à la protection thermique des aubes de turbines." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2118.
Повний текст джерелаLambert, Océane. "Solutions architecturées par fabrication additive pour refroidissement de parois de chambres de combustion." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI048/document.
Повний текст джерелаCombustion chamber walls are perforated with holes so that a cooling air flow can be injected through them. The wall is cooled by convection and an insulating film is created on the hot surface (film cooling). This PhD thesis aims to use the possibilities of additive manufacturing to provide new architectured solutions that could enhance the internal heat exchanges, and lead to a higher cooling effectiveness.The first approach is to develop new designs of multiperforated walls by Electron Beam Melting (EBM) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) used at the resolution limits of the processes. They are characterized by microscopy, X-ray tomography and permeability tests. Some aerothermal simulations help understanding the effects of these new designs on the flow and on heat exchanges. These results lead to a geometry adaptation.The second approach is to simultaneously manufacture an architectured part with dense and porous zones by EBM. Thanks to image analysis combined with large field EBSD, it is possible to investigate the mechanisms leading to the porous zones and to link them to permeability and porosity. The film cooling effect could be favoured by the orientation of pores towards the cooling flow. Therefore, a new powder-based manufacturing process named Magnetic Freezing, where metallic powders organize into an oriented structure thanks to a magnetic field, is developed.The various solutions studied during this thesis are tested on an aerothermal bench. They all show a more efficient and homogeneous cooling than the industrial reference. Some first tests on one of the selected solutions are performed on a combustion bench. This lighter and more permeable structure proves to be a solution as efficient as the industrial reference at a given flow rate. It should therefore be a more efficient solution for a given overpressure
Ouattara, Aboubacar Lebouché Michel Gradeck Michel. "Caractérisation du refroidissement par jet liquide impactant une plaque métallique à haute température Iinfluence de la composition du fluide sur le flux extrait /." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2009_0048_OUATTARA.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLacanette, Delphine. "Simulation numérique de l'essorage et du refroidissement d'un film liquide en mouvement par un jet plan turbulent." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12907.
Повний текст джерелаEbacher, Frédéric. "Analyse du refroidissement par film de la paroi de bout de pales d'une turbine en céramique à configuration renversée." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11257.
Повний текст джерелаZouzou, Nichet Alexandre. "Modélisation de la congélation d'un film fluide soumis à une précipitation surfondue /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Повний текст джерелаNovella, Béatrice. "Élaboration de verres par la méthode de sustentation par film de gaz." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0153.
Повний текст джерелаDixit, Christelle. "Etude physico-chimique des fluides produits par la centrale géothermique de Bouillante (Guadeloupe) et des dépôts susceptibles de se former au cours de leur refroidissement." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0698/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe hot geothermal fluid produced by the geothermal power plant of Bouillante (Guadeloupe) contains various dissolved components such as silica that can precipitate as solid deposits during their cooling and cause serious problems on the electricity generation. One of the aim of this study is to improve the understanding on the physical, chemical and kinetics conditions of the amorphous silica precipitation in the Bouillante geothermal field. After a study on the physical and chemical characteristics of the Bouillante fluids and deposits which can form during their exploitation, experiments on the kinetics of silica precipitation, on site, under a large range of temperature (25 – 90°C) and pH (4 – 12) have been carried out and analyzed in detail.During on site kinetics experimentations only dissolved silica polymerization (reversible) as colloidal gel, very stable in solution, was observed. Modeling of the experimental data showed that the kinetics polymerization is characterized by a 2-order kinetic law relative to dissolved silica until the equilibrium that is consistent with silica dimerization. On the other side, the initial stage of the reaction is better characterized by a 4-order kinetic law that suggested more complex polymerization reactions with tetramers formation.Temperature has a little effect on the polymerization kinetics compared with the pH which has an effect more important. The activation energy of silica precipitation calculated between 25 and 90°C, is about 41 - 54 kJ for pH ranging to 5 - 8.The characterization of the silica precipitate reveals significant differences in the porous structure of the silica collected on the surface installations and the one obtained from kinetic experiments that suggests different precipitation mechanisms. The second objective of this thesis was to evaluate the possibility to promote geothermal silica for the treatment of natural waters containing contaminants by adsorption. Adsorption properties of the untreated and functionalized by poly(ethylèneimine) (ou PEI) geothermal silica have been investigated for two pollutants: a colorant, the methylene blue and a heavy metal, the lead.Results showed that untreated silica has a great adsorption capacity concerning the methylene blue. Besides, silica functionalization by the PEI allows improving the adsorption capacity for lead in solution. The adsorption kinetics curves followed a pseudo-second order model consistent with a chimisorption. The isotherm model of Redlich-Peterson fitted well the experimental data
Gascoin, Nicolas. "Etude et Mesure de Paramètres Pertinents Dans Un écoulement Réactif Application Au Refroidissement Par Endo-carburant d'Un Super-statoréacteur." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128418.
Повний текст джерелаHijazi, Nibal. "Développement de composites nanostructurés à base de biopolyesters et de nanoparticules de chitosane générées par des procédés assistés par CO2 supercritique." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMAC0016/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn a logic of eco-design and sustainable development, many works aim to study the bio-sourced polymers. Among these studies, a promising concept consists in structuring materials at micro and nanoscales while enhancing some of their properties, the objective being the creation of original materials with improved functional properties and performance. In this context, particular attention has been paid to the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2). Its ability to dissolve into many polymers in large quantities and thus to change their properties (viscosity, interfacial tension, ...), can improve both the composite material and its manufacturing process. This project focuses on the development of nanostructured biopolymers and addresses two main issues: (1) the synthesis of biopolymer nanoparticles (in this case, chitosan), and (2) the development of nanostructured biopolymers. The first step consisted in designing and developing new processing methods to generate biopolymer nanoparticles, using sc-CO2 as antisolvent agent or as dissolving and atomizing agent. For the second step, poly (lactic acid) PLA and poly (hydroxybutyric-co-hydroxyvaleric acid) PHBV based composite films were prepared by a hot-melt process by twin-screw extrusion of the nanoparticles and the matrix. Thermal, molecular and structural analysis, as well as morphological and particle size distribution studies allowed a good characterization of the biocomposite films
Sultan, Qaiser. "Caractérisation expérimentale aérothermique d'un jet pulsé débouchant dans un écoulement transversal : Influence du nombre de Strouhal d'excitation sur le refroidissement de paroi par film." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640968.
Повний текст джерелаCollignon, Romain. "Étude des transferts de chaleur dans un film ruisselant à instabilités de surface par des méthodes de fluorescence induite par laser." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0171.
Повний текст джерелаThin wavy liquid films are used in many industrial applications as heat and mass transfer promoters, for example they are used in plate heat exchanger or in cooling columns of nuclear power plants. However, the mechanisms of transfer intensification related to the instabilities are still poorly understood and models do not allow to account for all physical phenomena and their coupling. The aim of this work is to study experimentally the intensification of heat transfers between a heated flat inclined wall and the liquid film, when it is traversed by 2D waves on its surface. For this purpose, an experiment has been developed, allowing to impose perturbations on a water film flowing on a thin titanium sheet, heated by Joule effect. Two non-intrusive measurement techniques, based on the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique with two dyes and two colors (2c2d-LIF) were performed to characterize heat transfer. The temporal evolutions of the local average temperature and thickness of the film were measured at one point using a point LIF measurement. A continuous laser radiation, with a wavelength of 532 nm, is used to excite the fluorescence of the seeded liquid by a couple of fluorescent tracers. The intensity of the fluorescence is detected on two different spectral bands: the ratio of the two intensities makes it possible to determine the average temperature of the volume of the probed film, while the intensity measurement makes it possible to obtain the thickness of the film. The use of a pulsed laser allows to freeze the dynamics of the film. Thus, the simultaneous use of two CCD cameras allows to apply the 2c2d-LIF technique in order to obtain an image of the instantaneous temperature field inside the wavy liquid film. The use of a fluorescence intensity ratio on two spectral bands allows to get rid of poorly controlled parameters related to the fluorescence intensity such as the variation of the laser intensity in the film, induced by the deformation of the free surface of the film. A reconstruction algorithm provides the spatio-temporal evolution of the temperature field over the period relative to a wave. The association of these techniques with the measurement of the wall temperature by thermocouples allows to correlate the presence of surface waves to the intensification of heat transfers. The results obtained allow to highlight the influence of convective mixtures induced by surface waves on heat transfers, as a function of parameters such as the frequency of waves and the volume flow rate of the liquid
Celle, Pierre. "Couplages fluide / milieu poreux en grandes déformations pour la modélisation des procédés d'élaboration par infusion." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741260.
Повний текст джерелаHarnieh, Mael. "Prédiction de la génération des pertes des écoulements compressibles anisothermes appliquée aux distributeurs hautes pressions de turbine avec les simulations aux grandes échelles." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0002.
Повний текст джерелаTo improve the efficiency of aeronautic engines, the turbine entry temperature has strongly increased in recent years. Such high temperatures induce high thermal stresses for the turbine blades and vanes which reduces the blade lifetime. To overcome this thermal issue, efficient turbine cooling systems need to be designed. To do so, the accurate prediction of blade wall temperature and losses generated by these systems is required. Taking the opportunity of recent developments of high-fidelity predictions, this PhD thesis funded through the FUI project CASCADE with the support of Safran Helicopter Engines (SHE), aims to evaluate the prediction of blade wall temperature and losses for cooled high-pressure vanes with Large Eddy Simulations (LES). To do so, academic and complex anisothermal configurations featuring film cooling are investigated. Results obtained in the present work show that LES is able to predict the flow aerodynamics and blade wall temperature for all configurations studied. The prediction is clearly improved if the mesh is sufficiently refined in high dynamic regions and if turbulent fluctuations are taken into account at the inlet of the computational domain especially for cases presenting separation bubbles. To ease the use of LES in an industrial context and reduce the CPU effort associated to the resolution of the flow in the cooling system of turbine blades and vanes, a new coolant ejection model is introduced and evaluated. This model is shown to well reproduce the coolant jets aerodynamics and provides a good prediction of the wall temperature without meshing the cooling system. To accurately evaluate and investigate the losses in this context of turbine blade cooling, the approach Second Law Analysis (SLA) is adopted. Contrary to total temperature and total pressure balances, SLA directly gives access to 3D loss maps which are constructed from the entropy source terms resolved on mesh. As a result, the loss generation mechanism can be locally investigated and does not require any averaging procedures contrary to 1D loss models. These loss maps are split in an aerodynamic contribution and a mixing contribution which is linked to mixing process between hot and cold flows. The study of these loss maps shows that aerodynamics losses are generated in high sheared regions (boundary and mixing layers) while mixing losses are produced in the film cooling and in the wake of the vanes. Advanced analysis of loss maps indicate that turbulent fluctuations dominate the loss generation mechanism. This last finding evidences the benefits of SLA to predict losses from LES fields. Indeed and contrary to RANS, the turbulent contributions to losses are directly resolved on mesh with LES and do not require any modelling strategies. As a consequence of this PhD work, SLA coupled to LES is shown to be a very promising methodology to predict the flow aerodynamics and losses for the design of future geometries of industrial turbine vanes and blades
El, Ammouri Fouad. "Etude théorique des transferts couplés conductif, convectif et radiatif dans des écoulements gazeux hétérogènes et turbulents : mesure du flux conductif par déviation de faisceau laser." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0310.
Повний текст джерелаLemaitre, Cécile. "Dynamique d'un film d'eau de pluie sur un hauban de pont soumis au vent." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003072.
Повний текст джерелаRouvreau, Stéphane. "Etude expérimentale de la structure moyenne et instantanée d'un film produit par une zone multiperforée sur une paroi plane : application au refroidissement des chambres de combustion des moteurs aéronautiques." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2287.
Повний текст джерелаChaze, William. "Transferts de chaleur et de masse lors de l’impact d’une goutte sur une paroi chaude en régime d’ébullition en film : application de diagnostics optiques et modélisation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0290/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe understanding of phenomena occurring at the impact of a droplet onto a hot wall is crucial for the optimization of spray cooling systems. When the temperature of the wall is high, a vapor layer appears quasi-instantaneously between the droplet and le wall. This film of vapor modifies the hydrodynamic behavior of the droplet and highly reduce the heat and mass transfers in comparison with a wetting impact. Modelling these phenomena is complex because of the numerous coupling between the heat and mass transfers and the fluids dynamic. To get some insights into this phenomenon, optical diagnostic techniques have been developed. Two color planar laser induced fluorescence imaging allows characterizing the distribution of the temperature inside the droplet. Images of the temperature fields, resolved both spatially and temporally, are recorded thanks to the use of a couple of fluorescent dyes keeping a high temperature sensitivity even when they are excited by a nanosecond pulsed laser with and an energy of hundreds m J. In parallel, the infrared thermography is used to determine the temperature of the impinged surface made of sapphire. For that, this surface is coated with a thin film (about 300 nanometers) of TiAlN, highly emissive in the IR domain as opposed to the sapphire which is transparent in it. High frame rate image sequences are analyzed thanks to an analytical inversion model, taking into account the thermal conduction in the sapphire, in order to estimate the heat flux density at the impact surface. The thickness of the vapor layer was also deduced from this measurements thanks to the hypothesis of a dominant thermal conduction in the vapor layer. A study of water drop impact was performed with different impact speeds, wall temperatures and different drop injection temperatures. In most of the cases, the heat flux extracted from the wall in close to the flux transferred to the liquid phase of the droplet. When the wall temperature approaches or exceeds the Leidenfrost temperature, the transfers become more sensitive to the Weber number and less sensitive to the wall temperature. The vapor layer thickness is affected by instabilities whose caracteristics (wavelengths, amplitude) were investigated from the IR images. Eventually, a 1-Dsemi-empirical model is given for describing the heating of the liquid part of the droplet and the growth of vapor layer. The effect of the pressure exerted by the droplet onto the vapor film rapidly decreases during the impact process, so that the growth of the vapor film is only driven by the heat transferred by conduction to the droplet and not by dynamical parameters such as the impact velocity
Hassan, Hamdy Abo Ali. "Etude et optimisation des transferts de chaleur en injection moulage : analyse de leur influence sur les propriétés finales." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13956.
Повний текст джерелаPlastics are typically polymers of high molecular weight, and may contain other substances to improve performance and/or reduce costs. Plastic industry is one of the world?s fastest growing industries; almost every product that is used in daily life involves the usage of plastic. There are different methods for polymer processing (thermoforming, blow molding, compression molding of polymers, transfer molding of polymers, extrusion of polymers, injection molding of polymers, etc.) which differ by the method of fabrications, the used materials, the quality of the product and the form of the final product. Demand for injection molded parts continues to increase every year because plastic injection molding process is well known as the most efficient manufacturing techniques for economically producing precise plastic parts and complex geometry at low cost and a large quantity. The plastic injection molding process is a cyclic process where polymer is injected into a mold cavity, and solidifies to form a plastic part. There are three significant stages in each cycle. The first stage is filling the cavity with hot polymer melt at high injection pressure and temperature (filling and post-filling stage). It is followed by cooling the injected polymer material until the material is completely solidified (cooling stage), finally the solidified part is ejected (ejection stage)
Villarreal, Larrauri Alejandro. "Analysis and modeling of ex-vessel underwater cooling processes of debris bed and molten corium pool in interaction with concrete." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0022.
Повний текст джерелаIn the case of a hypothetical nuclear severe accident with partial or extensive core meltdown, the superheated magma made of molten steel and fuel, called corium (T > 2500K), may threaten the integrity of the reactor pressure vessel and subsequently the reactor containment building, if long-term corium coolability is not assured. The coolability by water injection and successive water penetration into the corium through the upper surface is analyzed for two expected configurations: particle bed, and corium pool overlaying the concrete. The second configuration is linked to the situation of Molten Corium-Concrete Interaction (MCCI), where a crust is formed in the upper corium surface when it comes into contact with water and is later subjected to thermal stresses that lead to its fracturing. The challenge is to characterize the effectiveness of extracting heat by the possible water penetration into the crust. The first configuration can be expected in two different situations: melt fragmentation coming from the rupture of the reactor pressure vessel and expulsion of the corium, or during melt eruption episodes through the corium crust during MCCI via corium entrainment by the concrete decomposition gases. The phenomena linked to the water penetration into the corium for these two configurations are examined through an in-depth analysis of the available experimental results, by the development of an analytical model and finally through the modification and use of the Computational Multi-Fluid Dynamics (CMFD) code MC3D. One dimensional analysis conducts to a better understanding of the minutia of the two-phase countercurrent flow through the porous media and leads the proposal of a simplified heat flux model for the water penetration with corresponding relations applicable for both configurations of interest. Furthermore, the development and the impact of penetrating front instability are studied with the help of 2D MC3D simulations, which show important effects of the initial temperature and the permeability of the corium configuration on the penetration front velocity and appearance of the instabilities. The analytical model is extended to a pseudo-two-dimensional two-zone configuration (with one zone subjected to a two-phase countercurrent flow and another through which monophasic superheated vapor flows) to analyze in greater detail the impact of the penetrating front heterogeneity over the extracted heat flux. The mechanism of water penetration through a fractured crust is revisited. The analysis indicates strong border effects in the SSWICS tests (Argonne National Laboratories) dedicated to the study of this phenomenon. The conclusions of precedent studies on the efficiency of the phenomena could not, therefore, be confirmed due to important uncertainties over the process of fracturing, overly sensitive to the mechanical properties of corium, which in turn are not properly characterized. Finally, the models, and simulations, are applied to real accidental scenarios, including the presence of residual power. For the debris bed, the extracted heat flux, and the cooling capabilities are less than those found using the simplified dry-out heat flux criteria
Nagaso, Masaru. "Etude de la propagation des ultrasons dans un milieu fluide hétérogène en vue de la surveillance en fonctionnement d'un réacteur nucléaire à caloporteur sodium." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0197/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe ASTRID project, a french sodium-cooled nuclear reactor of 4th generation, is currently under development by the french alternative energies and atomic energy center (CEA). In this project, development of monitoring techniques is identified as an important issue to improve the plant safety. The use of ultrasonic measurement techniques is regarded as a powerful inspection tool due to the opacity of liquid sodium. Inside a cooling circuit, heterogeneity of the medium occurs because of a complex flow state, and then the effects of this heterogeneity on acoustic wave propagation are not negligible. Thus, it is necessary to carry out verification experiments, and such kind of experiments using liquid sodium may be large-scale. This is a reason why numerical simulation methods are essential. The objective of the study in the thesis is to apply a 3D spectral-element method, that we will show to be suitable to our targets more accurately than more classical numerical simulation methods.We will first study the development potential of ultrasonic thermometry in a liquid fluctuating sodium environment similar to that present in a sodium-cooled fast reactor with 2D simulation. Gaussian random process will be applied to generate fluctuations of temperature. To investigate 3D heterogeneity and more realistic temperature fields in the medium, in a second part of the thesis we will carry out a numerical study for 3D models of the reactor core. To represent the heterogeneity of liquid sodium, a four-dimensional temperature field (three spatial and one temporal dimension) calculated by computational fluid dynamics based on a large-eddy simulation performed by CEA STMF will be applied
Saidi, Fouad. "Sur quelques problèmes de lubrification par des fluides newtoniens non isothermes avec des conditions aux bords non linéaires. Etude mathématique et numérique." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008745.
Повний текст джерелаMaigrat, Guillaume. "Caractérisation expérimentale du remouillage des aciers." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0098/document.
Повний текст джерелаOn a run out table of a hot rolling mill, the cooling of steel strips is mainly provided by ramps of water jets falling down that will directly impact the upper surface of the strip. The temperature of the strip starts between 800 and 900 °C and it is intended to cool at temperatures much lower than the start but still accurate before its winding, the temperature ranges from ambient temperature to 700 °C depending on the required properties for the steel product. This water-based process ensures a transient cooling at an uneven rate depending on the nature of the boiling regime. The rewetting point is defined by the temperature at which the stable film boiling regime ends. In general, the cooling fluxes show a significant increase at this particular transition. In this thesis, we sought to characterize rewetting by vapor thickness measurements and analysis using optical probes. The optical sensors inform us whether their sensitive area is mainly in the gas or in the liquid and are generally used to make void fraction measurements. The use that is made here, namely a precise measurement of the position of the interface, required a precise experimental calibration in order to know the exact position of the interface on the sensitive area. In order to have a working tool, we also modeled the response of the probes by using a ray tracing method and taking into account the formation of the meniscus on the tipoff the probe. Finally, the calibration and model were compared with experimental measurements in the case of the cooling of a hemispherical area initially at high temperature that provides a stable film boiling regime when it is partially immersed
Chovet, Rogelio. "Caractérisation expérimentale et numérique du comportement rhéologique d'un fluide complexe : application à une mousse en écoulement dans un canal horizontal droit avec et sans singularités." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0021/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is an experimental and numerical study of aqueous foam flow inside a horizontal square duct, with and without flow disruption devices (fdd). It is especially devoted to determine the pertinent parameters of the flow: longitudinal pressure losses, velocity fields of foam flow near the walls, liquid film thickness (thick and thin), and the wall shear stress evolution, for an aqueous foam with a void fraction range between 55 and 85%, for a mean foam flow velocity of 2, 4 and 6 cm/s. Once they were determined, inside the horizontal channel, we carried out measurements over different geometries: half-sudden expansion, vertical fence and foam flow around a cylinder. The goal was to study the foam flow reorganization to well understand the rheological behavior of aqueous foam flow in the vicinities of different fdd. Finally, a numerical simulation (CFD), using the Bingham behavior model of non-Newtonian fluid, was undertaken to test its capacity to represent the aqueous foam flow inside the horizontal duct with flow disruption devices. First of all, we verified the static longitudinal pressure evolution, which varies linearly upstream and downstream far from the fdd. The singular pressure loss remains constant for a given mean foam velocity and a foam quality (void fraction). From the Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) technique (2D), we determined the two velocity components in the immediate vicinities of the disruption devices. They allowed us to put into evidence the different foam flow regimes and to observe the foam flow reorganization and rheological behavior through the studied fdd. The slip-layer thickness analysis, obtained using the conductimetry method, shows that the wall presents a liquid film thick enough to apply an electrochemical technique (polarography). Thus, the polarographic signals, obtained for the foam flow, present important fluctuations. They were compared to the wall shear stress deducted from the measurement of pressure losses, showing a good similarity between them. The numerical study (CFD), carried out for aqueous foam flow with a void fraction of 70% and a mean foam flow velocity of 2 cm/s, shows that the Bingham rheological model can be adapted to this kind of aqueous foam flow which is flowing like a block
Esnoul, Coralie. "Etude du comportement à rupture de la zone HBS du combustible UO2 dans les réacteurs à eau pressurisée, par une approche micromécanique en condition accidentelle d’APRP." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0682.
Повний текст джерелаUnder Loss Of Coolant Accident(LOCA) transients conditions, the high irradiated fuel is fragmented in small sizes fragments who can be relocated in the balloon, or being ejected out of the fuel rod if the latter burst. This work focuses on the pellet rim, where bubbles density increases owing to a higher irradiation level. Usually the hypothesis used to explain fuel fragmentation during transient is grain cleavage induced by over pressurized fission gas bubbles, located at the grain boundary. The aim of this study is to define a macroscopic fragmentation model based on a micro mechanical approach to have a better understanding of the fuel mechanical behaviour at lower scale : size and volume fraction of fragments. This PhD introduces a stepwise micromechanical method based on three steps : i) firstly, we detail how to model the HBS microstructure including pressurized porosities, based on experimental or numerical data and define a representative volume element (RVE)