Книги з теми "Reducer housing"

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1

Lerman, Donald L. How well can alternative policies reduce rural substandard housing? Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1986.

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2

Venti, Steven F. But they don't want to reduce housing equity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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3

Broadbent, Ben. Does favorable tax-treatment of housing reduce equipment investment? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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4

Office, General Accounting. Public housing vacancies and the related impact of HUD's proposal to reduce operating subsidies: Report. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1985.

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5

Office, General Accounting. Public housing vacancies and the related impact of HUD's proposal to reduce operating subsidies: Report. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1985.

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6

Office, General Accounting. Public housing vacancies and the related impact of HUD's proposal to reduce operating subsidies: Report. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1985.

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7

Office, General Accounting. Leased military housing costs in Europe can be reduced by improving acquisition practices and using purchase contracts: Report to the Secretary of Defense. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1985.

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8

Office, General Accounting. Leased military housing costs in Europe can be reduced by improving acquisition practices and using purchase contracts: Report to the Secretary of Defense. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1985.

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9

Crowther, N. Can a change in planning policy, in relation to housing, reduce the need to travel?. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1995.

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10

Office, General Accounting. Multifamily housing: HUD missed opportunities to reduce costs on its uninsured Section 8 portfolio : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 1999.

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11

Office, General Accounting. Military housing: Opportunities that should be explored to improve housing and reduce costs for unmarried junior servicemembers : report to the Secretary of Defense. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2003.

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12

Office, General Accounting. Single-family housing: Stronger oversight of FHA lenders could reduce HUD's insurance risk : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2000.

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13

Luke, John H. Limited federal response to reduce radon contamination in housing: Statement of John H. Luke, Associate Director, Resources, Community and Economic Development Division before the Subcommittee on Superfund and Environmental Oversight, Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1988.

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14

Office, General Accounting. Indoor radon: Limited federal response to reduce contamination in housing : report to the Honorable Frank R. Lautenberg, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1988.

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15

New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Municipal Government Committee. Public meeting before Assembly Municipal Government Committee, Assembly bill 3587: Requires Council on Affordable Housing to reduce its municipal need estimates by 50% of the estimate it has presently adopted : January 23, 1987, Middletown Township Town Hall Middletown Township, New Jersey. [Trenton]: The Committee, 1987.

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16

Office, General Accounting. Military family housing: Opportunities exist to reduce costs and mitigate inequities : report to the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Personnel, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.

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17

Office, General Accounting. State Department: Using best practices to relocate employees could reduce costs and improve service : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1997.

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18

Office, General Accounting. Welfare reform: States are restructuring programs to reduce welfare dependence : report to the Chairmen, Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate, and Subcommittee on Human Resources, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.

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19

Gianni, Gaston L. Resolution Trust Corporation: Management improvements reduce risks but transition challenges remain : statement of Gaston L. Gianni, Jr., Associate Director, Government Business Operations Issues, General Government Division, before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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20

The consideration of regulatory relief proposals: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, on proposals to reduce unnecessary regulatory burden on depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, June 21, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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21

England-Joseph, Judy A. Disaster assistance: Information on expenditures and proposals to improve effectiveness and reduce future costs : statement of Judy A. England-Joseph, Director, Housing and Community Development Issues, Resources, Community and Economic Development Division, before the Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and independent agencies, Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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22

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Housing and Transportation. Enhancing the role of the private sector in public transportation: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Housing and Transportation of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, on the current role of the private sector in providing public transportation services, what barriers exist to increasing that role, and what might be done in reauthorization to reduce these barriers, July 23, 2003. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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23

Office, General Accounting. Financial management: Operating cash requirement for Air Force stock fund can be reduced : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Defense, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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24

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Fraud in America's insured depository institutions: Hearings before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on the exact nature of the fraud problem ... how we could go further to try to reduce the level of fraud in America's depository institutions, August 1 and 2, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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25

Strengthening the ability of public transportation to reduce our dependence on foreign oil: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, on the adequacy of the federal government's role in promoting transit and in maximizing the energy efficiencies of public transit systems, Tuesday, September 9, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.

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26

Over-the-counter derivatives: Modernizing oversight to increase transparency and reduce risks : hearing before the Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, on modernizing the regulation of the over-the-counter derivatives markets and the institutions that participate in these markets, June 22, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.

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27

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Mitigating systemic risk in financial markets through Wall Street reforms: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, on examining efforts by the SEC and CFTC to improve financial stability and reduce systemic risk in the financial markets through implementation of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act and the Consumer Protection Act of 2010, July 30, 2013. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.

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28

United, States Congress Senate Committee on Banking Housing and Urban Affairs. Saving investors money and strengthening the SEC: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session on the "Competitive Market Supervision Act" (S. 143) which seeks to reduce excess user fee collections made by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), place SEC funding on a stable basis, and provide for parity of SEC salaries with federal bank regulators, February 14, 2001. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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29

The Competitive Market Supervision Act, S. 2107: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session on S. 2107, to amend the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to reduce securities fees in excess of those required to fund the operations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, to adjust compensation provisions for employees of the Commission, and for other purposes, February 28, 2000. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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30

The importance of financial literacy among college students: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, on the adequacy of the level of financial literacy and education among college students, the consequences of a financially undereducated student body, the role that colleges and universities can play in promoting financial education among their student body, the ability and efficacy of a college or universities to establish limits on solicitation of its students, the appropriateness of certain marketing techniques on college campuses, and recommendations to reduce the number of students who accumulate excess credit card debt, September 5, 2002. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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31

Press, Greenhaven. Can Housing Policies Reduce Homelessness. Greenhaven Press, 1990.

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32

Kentucky's public housing authorities continue to reduce segregation, 1987: More PHAs with plans reduce segregation than those without : Jefferson County and Louisville state's most segregated for third straight year. Frankfort, Ky: Kentucky Commission on Human Rights, 1988.

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33

1939-, Yahya Saad, ed. Double standards, single purpose: Reforming housing regulations to reduce poverty. London: ITDG Publishing, 2001.

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34

Murphy, James. Military Family Housing: Opportunities Exist To Reduce Costs And Mitigate Inequities. Diane Pub Co, 2004.

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35

1956-, Stollard Paul, University of York. Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies., and Safe Neighbourhoods Advisory Service, eds. Safer neighbourhoods: Re-designing housing developments to reduce crime and enhance community safety. York: Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies, University of York and the Safe Neighbourhoods Advisory Service, 1989.

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36

Universtiy of York. Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies. and NACRO Safe Neighbourhoods Unit, eds. Safer neighbourhoods: Re-designing housing developments to reduce crime and enhance community safety. York: The Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies and The Safe Neighbourhoods Advisory Service, 1989.

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37

(Editor), Stanley J. Czerwinski, and Christine M. B. Fishkin (Editor), eds. Multifamily Housing: Hud Missed Opportunities to Reduce Costs on Its Uninsured Section 8 Portfolio. Diane Pub Co, 1999.

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38

David, Landis John, Hill Mary, Marsh Diana, Santa Clara County Housing Action Coalition (Calif.), and Fisher Center for Real Estate and Urban Economics., eds. No vacancy: How to increase the supply and reduce the cost of rental housing in Silicon Valley. [S.l.]: Santa Clara County Housing Action Coalition, 1996.

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39

Rural housing: Shift to guaranteed program can benefit borrowers and reduce government's exposure : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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40

Ceccato, Vania, and Mats Wilhelmsson. Does Crime Impact Real Estate Prices? Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.30.

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This chapter examines the impact of crime and accessibility on housing prices. In particular, it assesses the effect of residential burglary on apartment prices in Stockholm, building on previous research that indicated residential burglary—not violence or vandalism—had the greatest effect on apartment prices in the Swedish capital. A review of the literature on hedonic modeling covering more than three decades shows that, despite different modeling strategies, these studies consistently find evidence that crime affects housing prices. Two measures of accessibility are used: a “global” distance decay from Stockholm city center and a “local” measure of accessibility to work expressed as travel costs. Results for all of Stockholm County confirm previous findings once limited to Stockholm municipality only, that residential burglary reduces apartment prices. However, such an effect varies across space and levels of accessibility.
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41

Beckett, Katherine. Ending Mass Incarceration. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197536575.001.0001.

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Critics on both the left and the right increasingly use the term “mass incarceration” to call attention to the unprecedented scale of, and racial inequities in, the U.S. criminal legal system—and the havoc they wreak. This book shows that the criminal legal response to lawbreaking has continued to intensify even as lawmakers increasingly embrace criminal justice reform. It also identifies three dynamics that help explain why mass incarceration persists despite plummeting crime rates and widespread efforts to reduce prison populations. These incarcerative forces include the political and cultural dynamics surrounding the issue of violence, resistance to criminal legal system reform in suburban and especially rural counties, and the failure of the most popular drug policy reforms (including drug courts) to meaningfully reduce the reach of the criminal legal system or racial inequities in it. The second part of the book identifies three broad political and policy shifts that would significantly reduce the scale of punishment while also addressing the social problems to which it is a (misguided) response. These include the enactment of a twenty-year maximum sentence and the expansion of restorative justice principles and practices that offer alternative ways of promoting accountability and healing. Meaningful harm-reduction-based drug policy reforms, including the expansion of alternative responses to low-level crime and disorder that operate outside the criminal legal system, enhanced access to medication-assisted treatment, and investment in low-income housing, including Housing First initiatives, are also needed.
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42

United States. General Accounting Office, ed. Rural housing: Opportunities to reduce costs and better target assistance : report to the Secretary of Agriculture. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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43

Zelinsky, Edward A. Parsonages, Parsonage Allowances, and the Religious Exemptions from Social Security Taxes and the Health Care Mandate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190853952.003.0006.

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This chapter revisits the tax status of parsonages and parsonage allowances. The tax treatment of these allowances is an important test case for many of the themes advanced in this book. Some states exempt clerical residences from taxation. Other states do not. The Internal Revenue Code excludes from ministers’ gross incomes both the imputed rental value of parsonages provided in-kind and cash parsonage allowances. These income tax exclusions are constitutionally permitted, though not constitutionally compelled, to reduce church-state enforcement entanglement. Such minimization of church-state entanglement is a legitimately nonsubsidizing, secular purpose. However, the Code’s exclusion of cash housing allowances from ministers’ incomes is not justified as a matter of tax policy. Such cash transactions are easily valued and give cash to the minister to pay income tax. Thus, taxing cash parsonage allowances would entail less enforcement entanglement than would the taxation of housing provided to clergy in kind.
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44

Your Home: How to Reduce Bills and Raise Money on Your Home. Kogan Page, Limited, 2009.

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45

Danielle, Maltais, and Société d'habitation du Québec, eds. Housing for seniors with reduced autonomy: An exchange of experience : report of the symposium held in Montréal November 25, 1991. [Québec]: Direction de communications, SHQ, 1992.

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46

Ewald, Paul W. Evolutionary control of infectious disease in low-income countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789833.003.0009.

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An evolutionary suggests that health interventions can reduce not only the frequency of infectious disease but also the harmfulness of the causal organisms. Interventions that may accomplish this dual goal include hygienic investments such as vector proofing of housing, provisioning of safe water supplies, infrastructure that blocks transmission of durable propagules, the prevention of attendant-borne transmission in hospitals and reductions in the potential for sexual transmission. Vaccines can also reduce the frequency of infection and the harmfulness of the target organisms if they are designed to inhibit selectively the harmful variants in the target population. These approaches should help suppress the evolution of antimicrobial resistance because benign variants causing mild or asymptomatic infections will be less exposed to antimicrobial treatment, reducing the strength of selection for antimicrobial resistance. The interventions should improve health at low cost, which would be especially important for low-income populations.
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47

Guthrie, Graeme. Hiding high pay. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190641184.003.0006.

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This chapter uses pay in the home construction industry during the recent housing boom and bust to illustrate the second of the two competing theories that economists use to understand executive compensation: the managerial power hypothesis. According to this theory, boards at some firms have such weak bargaining positions that the only constraint on executive pay is the prospect of shareholder outrage. The theory’s central prediction is that weak boards and strong CEOs combine to find ways to pay executives that reduce the threat of shareholder outrage. This chapter develops this prediction and demonstrates its ability to explain observed pay practices that have the effect of camouflaging high pay levels.
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48

Ifcher, John, and Amanda Cabacungan. The Great Recession and Life Satisfaction. Edited by Homa Zarghamee. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812555.003.0012.

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Using data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examine the impact of the Great Recession on subjective well-being (as measured by life satisfaction) and attempt to identify disparate effects by age. We find that those approaching retirement age (aged 55 to 64) experienced reduced life satisfaction after the recession, whereas younger working-aged adults did not. The disparate effects by age cannot be explained by income or unemployment trends, but may be explained by wealth effects. For example we find that the life satisfaction of those approaching retirement age, but not of younger working-age adults, is closely correlated with wealth indices (e.g. the Case–Shiller Housing Price Index and the S&P 500 Index).
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49

Ng, Lauren C., and Theresa S. Betancourt. Risk and Resilience. Edited by Fionnuala Ní Aoláin, Naomi Cahn, Dina Francesca Haynes, and Nahla Valji. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199300983.013.28.

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Acknowledging that combat is not the primary cause of death or disability for civilians during armed conflict, this chapter outlines various ways female civilians experience harm or health risks in conflict. The chapter covers threats to safety and security; access to health care; family and community connections; and education and economic security (the “SAFE model”). Particular attention is given to risks related to the destruction of housing, reduced access to clean water, famine and malnutrition, infectious diseases, reproductive health, sexual violence, forced displacement, mental health, and widowhood. The chapter provides examples from a variety of conflict settings. It closes with a call for post-conflict reconstruction efforts to be informed by recognition of the unique, non-combat harms faced by women.
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50

Bhattacharya, Shreya. Intergroup contact and its effects on discriminatory attitudes Evidence from India. 42nd ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/980-8.

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The contact hypothesis posits that having diverse neighbours may reduce one’s intergroup prejudice. This hypothesis is difficult to test as individuals self-select into neighbourhoods. Using a slum relocation programme in India that randomly assigned neighbours, I examine the effects of exposure to other-caste neighbours on trust and attitudes towards members of other castes. Combining administrative data on housing assignment with original survey data on attitudes, I find evidence corroborating the contact hypothesis. Exposure to more neighbours of other castes increases inter-caste trust, support for inter-caste marriage, and the belief that caste injustice is growing. I explore the role of friendships in facilitating these favourable attitudes. The findings shed light on the positive effects of exposure to diverse social groups through close proximity in neighbourhoods.
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