Статті в журналах: "Red Wine Extract"

1

Sato, Motoaki, Partha S. Ray, Gautam Maulik, Nilanjana Maulik, Richard M. Engelman, A. A. E. Bertelli, A. Bertelli, and Dipak K. Das. "Myocardial Protection with Red Wine Extract." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 35, no. 2 (February 2000): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005344-200002000-00013.

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Casquete, Rocío, María José Benito, Francisco Pérez-Nevado, Ana Martínez, Alberto Martín, and María de Guía Córdoba. "Addition of Grape Skin and Stems Extracts in Wines during the Storage to Reduce the Sulfur Dioxide: Impact on Red Wine Quality." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052783.

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This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of bioactive extracts obtained from red wine by-products, such as grape skins and stems, for reducing or eliminating the use of SO2 in red wine production. Special attention was focused on guaranteeing the microbiological stability of the red wines and protecting them against oxidation. Therefore, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts and red wines were studied. Red grape stems and skins, by-products of the wine industry, from six types of monovarietal wines, were used. Extracts obtained from stems displayed higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds and higher in vitro antioxidant activity. Both stem and skin extracts demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and lower activity against yeasts. In the wines produced, higher antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were observed, mainly in the skin extract batches. This study highlights that bioactive extracts obtained from by-products of wine making could be used to reduce or eliminate the use of SO2 in wine production. In this way, healthier red wines could be obtained while guaranteeing their microbiological stability and protecting them from oxidation. Furthermore, the use of these by-products is strongly associated with the circular economy, as they could help to reduce the environmental impact of the wine industry.

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Fia, Giovanna, Ginevra Bucalossi, and Bruno Zanoni. "Characterisation of Extracts Obtained from Unripe Grapes and Evaluation of Their Potential Protective Effects against Oxidation of Wine Colour in Comparison with Different Oenological Products." Foods 10, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071499.

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Unripe grapes (UGs) are a waste product of vine cultivation rich in natural antioxidants. These antioxidants could be used in winemaking as alternatives to SO2. Three extracts were obtained by maceration from Viognier, Merlot and Sangiovese UGs. The composition and antioxidant activity of the UG extracts were studied in model solutions at different pH levels. The capacity of the UG extracts to protect wine colour was evaluated in accelerated oxidation tests and small-scale trials on both red and white wines during ageing in comparison with sulphur dioxide, ascorbic acid and commercial tannins. The Viognier and Merlot extracts were rich in phenolic acids while the Sangiovese extract was rich in flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of the extracts and commercial tannins was influenced by the pH. In the oxidation tests, the extracts and commercial products showed different wine colour protection capacities in function of the type of wine. During ageing, the white wine with the added Viognier UG extract showed the lowest level of colour oxidation. The colour of the red wine with the UG extract evolved similarly to wine with SO2 and commercial tannins. The obtained results indicated that natural and healthy UG extracts could be an interesting substitute for SO2 during wine ageing.

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4

Esparza, Irene, Blanca Martínez-Inda, María José Cimminelli, Maria Carmen Jimeno-Mendoza, José Antonio Moler, Nerea Jiménez-Moreno, and Carmen Ancín-Azpilicueta. "Reducing SO2 Doses in Red Wines by Using Grape Stem Extracts as Antioxidants." Biomolecules 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10101369.

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SO2 is a very important wine preservative. However, there are several drawbacks associated with the use of SO2 in wine. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of the partial substitution of SO2 in the Tempranillo wine by a Mazuelo grape stem extract and by a commercial vine wood extract (Vinetan®). The results were compared with a control sample (with no addition of any extract). After 12 months of storage in a bottle, total anthocyanin content, together with total polyphenol and flavonoid content were slightly higher for control wines than for those treated with extracts. These differences were of little relevance, as no differences in antioxidant activity were found between any of the wines at the end of the study. The sensory analysis revealed that the use of both extracts as partial substitutes of SO2 could lead to wines with good organoleptic properties, similar or even better to the control ones.

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Fragopoulou, Elizabeth, Filio Petsini, Maria Choleva, Maria Detopoulou, Olga S. Arvaniti, Eftyhia Kallinikou, Eleni Sakantani, Ageliki Tsolou, Tzortzis Nomikos, and Yiannis Samaras. "Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Platelet and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Wine Extracts Prepared from Ten Different Grape Varieties." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 5054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215054.

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Inflammation, thrombosis and oxidative stress are rarely studied together when wine’s biological activity is concerned; hence the existing literature lacks a holistic point of view in the biological outcome. The scope of the present study is to parallel evaluate the effect of wine extracts on those mechanisms. Ten wine varieties and two different extraction methods were used leading to five extracts for each wine: total lipids (TL) and fractions with different phenolic compound classes (FI, FII, FIII and FIV). Their effect on oxidative stress, platelet aggregation and the secretion of cytokines from mononuclear cells was measured and a biological score was calculated. FII of white wines is the most potent extract and the extracts FIII and TL are following. Specifically, FII had higher anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory score while all three fractions had a similar anti-platelet score. Furthermore, FII and FIII extracts were the most potent red wine extracts and revealed the highest anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory scores. White wine FII extracts were more potent than the red wine ones while FI and FIV extracts of red wine were more potent than the white wine ones. In conclusion, the protective effect of a wine is independent of its color but is strongly associated with its microconstituents profile. FII extract revealed the highest biological score and further examination is needed in order to identify the compounds that are responsible for the aforementioned actions.

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Rabai, M., A. Toth, P. Kenyeres, L. Mark, Zs Marton, I. Juricskay, K. Toth, and L. Czopf. "In vitro hemorheological effects of red wine and alcohol-free red wine extract." Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation 44, no. 3 (2010): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ch-2010-1267.

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7

Halpern, M. J., A.-L. Dahlgren, I. Laakso, T. Seppänen-Laakso, J. Dahlgren, and PA McAnulty. "Red-wine Polyphenols and Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation: Possible Mechanisms, and Potential Use in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention." Journal of International Medical Research 26, no. 4 (August 1998): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006059802600401.

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An extract from red-wine grape fermentation, ANOX® has been developed as a source of red-wine polyphenols, which are thought to inhibit several of the pathogenic pathways that lead to cardiovascular disease. New data indicate that this extract has a significantly greater effect than either red wine or red-wine powder on the inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro. Based on this data, about 300–500 mg of the extract is equivalent to the daily dose of red-wine polyphenols that appears to protect against cardiovascular disease. The possible synergistic effect of red-wine polyphenols with vitamin C, their vasorelaxing activity and their possible role in preventing over-crosslinking of connective tissues (premature ageing) are considered. The extract contains standardized amounts of the whole spectrum of polyphenolic compounds found in red wine and may provide a valuable reference substance in clinical investigations of the physiological actions of plant polyphenols; its potential use in functional nutrition and preventive medicine is also discussed.

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8

Aiello, Ernesto A., and Horacio E. Cingolani. "A possible subcellular mechanism underlying the “French paradox”: the opening of mitochondrial KATP channels." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 5 (October 2011): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-089.

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A reduction in the risk of coronary heart disease has been associated to moderate red wine consumption. We tested whether a nonalcoholic red wine extract would open mitochondrial KATP channels in guinea pig myocytes. The opening of mitochondrial KATP channels was assessed by endogenous flavoprotein fluorescence. Red wine extract (100 μg·mL–1) increased flavoprotein oxidation (10.9% ± 1.2%, n = 20). This effect was prevented by the mitochondrial KATP channel blocker, 5-hydroxydecanoate (500 µmol·L–1; 0.3% ± 1.1%, n = 13), confirming the hypothesis that red wine extract opens mitochondrial KATP channels.

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9

Carullo, Gabriele, Amer Ahmed, Fabio Fusi, Fabio Sciubba, Maria Enrica Di Cocco, Donatella Restuccia, Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri, Simona Saponara, and Francesca Aiello. "Vasorelaxant Effects Induced by Red Wine and Pomace Extracts of Magliocco Dolce cv." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 5 (May 3, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13050087.

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Several epidemiological studies demonstrate that moderate (red) wine consumption may afford protection against cardiovascular diseases. Protection is ascribed to the biological activity of wine components, many of which, however, are discarded during winemaking. In vitro rat thoracic aorta rings contracted with phenylephrine or KCl were used to assess the vasorelaxant activity of extracts from wine pomaces (seeds and skins) of the Calabrian autochthonous grape variety Magliocco dolce (Arvino). NMR spectroscopy was used to ascertain their chemical composition. Data demonstrate that seed and skin, but not must, extracts are capable of relaxing vascular preparations in an endothelium-dependent manner, similarly to the red wine extract, due to the presence of comparable amounts of bioactive constituents. In rings pre-contracted with 20–30 mM KCl, only seed extracts showed a moderate relaxation. The most efficacious vasodilating extract (wine) showed a good antioxidant profile in both [(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)acid] radical (DPPH) and [2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] radical (ABTS) assays. In conclusion, winemaking from Magliocco dolce grape can provide potentially health-promoting by-products useful in cardiovascular disease management.

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10

Cinelli, Sbrocchi, Iacovino, Ambrosone, Ceglie, Lopez, and Cuomo. "Red Wine-Enriched Olive Oil Emulsions: Role of Wine Polyphenols in the Oxidative Stability." Colloids and Interfaces 3, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids3030059.

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The benefits associated with the consumption of red wine due to its rich pool of phenolic compounds are well-recognized, thanks to the antioxidant activity related to these kinds of molecules. However, wine drinking should be done in moderation, or is forbidden for some populations for ethnic or religious reasons. One way to still enjoy the advantages of red wine is to use its dry extract. In order to test the ability of the red wine dry extract to reveal its antioxidant activity, it was solubilized in water to produce water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions based on olive oil. After the selection of the right emulsion composition, kinetics of oil oxidation were carried out in oil and emulsions in the presence of an increasing amount of red wine extract, whose presence influenced the rate of oxidation by slowing it down. This behavior was confirmed by monitoring the oxidation reaction in two ways; i.e., with the classical method that consists of the determination of the peroxide value, and with an accelerated test making use of 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) and diphenyl1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP). The first is a molecule that triggers the reaction at 40 °C, and the other is a molecule that by reacting with hydroperoxides becomes fluorescent (DPPP=O). Moreover, by comparing the emulsion structures observed by optical microscopy, no differences in the size of the dispersed aqueous phase were detected with the increase of the wine dry extract, which is an aspect that confirmed that the antioxidant activity was directly proportional to the wine extract concentration, and thus to the phenolic content.

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11

Nguyen, Capone, Johnson, Jeffery, Danner, and Bastian. "Volatile Composition and Sensory Profiles of a Shiraz Wine Product Made with Pre- and Post-Fermentation Additions of Ganoderma lucidum Extract." Foods 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8110538.

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Novel Shiraz red wine products enriched with Ganoderma lucidum (GL) extract, a traditional Asian medicinal mushroom, were developed and characterized. GL extract was added at different levels prior to and after primary fermentation to investigate its impact on the juice fermentation kinetics, and the chemical composition and sensory properties of the resulting wines. The fermentation kinetics of red grape juice were not significantly different between ferments. Basic chemical analyses plus headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and a rate-all-that-apply (RATA) (n = 65) sensory panel were used to investigate the influence of GL extract additions on wine composition and sensory characteristics. Of the 54 sensory attributes assessed, 39 significantly differentiated the wines. A clear separation between GL wine treatments was evident with PLS regression, where specific volatiles were correlated with relevant sensory attributes that dominated the wines. These products could be promising for emerging wine markets.

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12

Darıcı, Burcu, and Hatice Kalkan Yıldırım. "The Effects of Different Plant Extracts on Wine Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities Used as an Alternatives of Sulphur Dioxide During Wine Production." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 1435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i9.1435-1445.2738.

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Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is commonly used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial additive during wine production. Nowadays, consumers preferred foods treated with natural preservatives. The aims this study was to determine the effects of different natural plant extracts as an alternative of sulphur dioxide used in wines. Wine production was done according to the accepted conventional method of red wines (Cabernet sauvignon). The experimental design was achieved by using different plant extracts (grape pomace, rosemary and blueberry) at different concentrations. As control groups were used wine samples produced without addition of SO2. At the end of production basic oenological analyses (total acidity, volatile acidity, pH, dry matter, ash, free and total SO2) and specific wine analyses (total phenols, total flavanols, tartaric ester content and antioxidant activity) were performed. Results demonstrated that each used plant exact have different effects on wine quality parameters. The lowest concentrations of grape pomace extract caused reduction of SO2 and keeping the required wine properties. The highest value of antioxidant activities and total phenols were determined in the wine treated with 25 mg/L SO2 and 1 ml/L rosemary extract (in the 1st mount of storage) and 25 mg/L SO2 and 1 ml/L grape pomace extract (in the 2nd and 3rd mount of storage) as 89.92%, 5550.48 mg/l GAE; 88.51%, 5028.65 mg/l GAE; 88.42%, 4974.25 mg/l GAE, respectively. Results emphasized the importance of used plant extracts and their concentrations. The study demonstrated the possibilities of optimization of SO2 and wines phenols on the base of used natural plant extracts.

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Darıcı, B., and H. K. Yıldırım. "Chemometric properties of wines treated with natural extracts as an alternative of sulphur dioxide." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191504008.

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Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is commonly used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial compound during wine production. Phenols naturally existence in plant extracts have been reported to possess antioxidative, antimicrobial activities, and as anti-inflammatory activities. Since few consumers preferred foods treated with natural preservatives, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of different natural plant extracts as an alternative of sulphur dioxide used in wines. Wine production was done according to the accepted conventional method for red wines (Cabernet sauvignon). The experimental design was achieved by using different plant extracts (grape pomace, rosemary, black blueberry) at different concentrations. As controls were used wine samples produced without natural extracts and second group samples produced without addition of sulphur dioxide (SO2). At the end of production basic analyzes (total acidity, volatile acidity, pH, dry matter, ash, free and total SO2), and colorimetric wine analyses (TWP, WC, CD, CI, %R, %Y, %B, Abs280, Abs420, Abs520, Abs620, %dA and tint values) were performed. Analyses on n-dimensional scale demonstrated that each used plant exact have different effects on required SO2 and wine quality parameters. The lowest concentrations of grape pomace extract caused reduction of SO2 and maintaining the required wine properties. The highest value of the end of first month of storage for TWP, WC, Abs280, Abs520, %R values were determined for grape pomace treatment wines. The highest value of the TPW were determined for samples treated with grape pomace (1 ml/L extract), rosemary (1 ml/L extract), and blue berry (1 ml/L extract with 25 mg/L SO2) 2.710, 2.550 and 2.520 respectively. Results emphasized the importance of used plant extracts and their concentrations. The study demonstrated the possibilities of SO2 optimization on the base of used natural plant extracts.

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Yan, Tingxu, Yingying Sun, Bo Wu, Feng Xiao, Kaishun Bi, Baoshan Sun, and Ying Jia. "Red wine polyphenols reverse depressive-like behaviors in mice induced by repeated corticosterone treatment." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 34, no. 2 (2019): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ctv/201934020115.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of red wine phenolic extracts in mouse model exposed to exogenous corticosterone. The results showed that 3-week corticosterone injections caused depression-like behavior in mice, as indicated by the significant decrease in sucrose consumption and increase immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST). Red wine phenolic extracts treatment significantly reduced serum corticosterone levels. Moreover, it was found that red wine phenolic extract increased the brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein (BNDF) and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) phosphorylation and cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. However, K252a, an inhibitor of TrkB, completely abolished those antidepressant-like effects. These results suggested that the red wine phenolic extracts produce an antidepressant-like effect in corticosteronetreated mice, at least in part, which is possibly mediated by modulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, BDNF, TrkB and CREB phosphorylation levels in the brain region of mice.

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Mollica, Adriano, Giuseppe Scioli, Alice Della Valle, Angelo Cichelli, Ettore Novellino, Marta Bauer, Wojciech Kamysz, et al. "Phenolic Analysis and In Vitro Biological Activity of Red Wine, Pomace and Grape Seeds Oil Derived from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano d’Abruzzo." Antioxidants 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111704.

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Grape pomace is commonly considered a waste product of monovarietal red wine production. Methods: HPLC-DAD analysis was performed to determine the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of all the extracts obtained from Montepulciano d’Abruzzo red wine and grape skins whereas, GC-MS was applied to the determination of fatty acid composition in grape seeds oil. Biological characterization involves antioxidant and antimicrobial assays for all the extracts and seeds oil; Their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, α-amylase, α-tyrosinase, and ChE enzymes was also detected, together with anti-inflammatory activity on wine, grape skin extracts, and seeds oil by lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and LPS-stimulated macrophage release assays. Data indicate significative polyphenols content (199.31 ± 7.21 mgGAE/g), antioxidant (CUPRAC assay (1036.98 mgTE/g)), enzymatic inhibition (α-tyrosinase: 151.30 ± 1.20 mgKAE/g) and anti-inflammatory activities for wine-organic extract 2, while the antimicrobial activity of grape skin decoction is higher than those reported by wine extracts on three bacterial strains. Interestingly only dealcoholized wine and wine-aqueous extract exerts inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase (20.62 ± 0.23 mmolACAE/g and 19.81 ± 0.03 mmolACAE/g, respectively), while seeds oil is rich in oleic and linoleic acids. These results confirm the strong antioxidant properties of Montepulciano d’Abruzzo grape pomace, suggesting the potential use of this waste product as functional food supplements in the human diet and in cosmeceutics.

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KHAN, Noorafza Q., Delphine M. LEES, Julie A. DOUTHWAITE, Martin J. CARRIER, and Roger CORDER. "Comparison of red wine extract and polyphenol constituents on endothelin-1 synthesis by cultured endothelial cells." Clinical Science 103, s2002 (September 1, 2002): 72S—75S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs103s072s.

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Regular consumption of red wine reduces mortality from coronary heart disease. This observation has been attributed to the anti-thrombotic effects of ethanol and to the antioxidant properties of polyphenolic compounds present in red wine. Here we show that an extract of red wine polyphenols causes a concentration-dependent inhibition of endothelin-1 synthesis in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. This action was associated with modifications in phosphotyrosine staining, indicating that the active components of red wine cause specific modifications of tyrosine kinase signalling. Thus inhibition of endothelin-1 synthesis by red wine may reduce the development of atherosclerosis, and hence decrease coronary heart disease.

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Chopra, Mridula, Patricia E. E. Fitzsimons, John J. Strain, David I. Thurnham, and Alan N. Howard. "Nonalcoholic Red Wine Extract and Quercetin Inhibit LDL Oxidation without Affecting Plasma Antioxidant Vitamin and Carotenoid Concentrations." Clinical Chemistry 46, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 1162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.8.1162.

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Abstract Background: Antioxidant enrichment of LDL can increase its resistance to oxidation and hence reduce its atherogenicity. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether in vivo supplementation with nonalcoholic red wine extract and quercetin can increase the oxidative resistance of LDL, and also whether the supplementation has any effect on other antioxidative micronutrients present in the blood. Methods: Twenty-one male subjects were supplemented with a placebo drink for 2 weeks and randomized into two groups. One group (n = 11) received the red wine extract (1 g/day, equivalent to 375 mL of red wine) and the other group (n = 10) quercetin (30 mg/day) for 2 weeks, followed by a 5-week washout period. Results: In the red wine extract-supplemented group, ex vivo copper-initiated oxidation of LDL (lag phase, mean ± SD) was 40 ± 11 min at the baseline, and increased significantly to 47 ± 6 min [P <0.05 compared with placebo (38 ± 4 min) and the washout values (40 ± 5 min)]. In the quercetin-supplemented group, the lag phase was 44 ± 11 and 40 ± 5 min for the baseline and placebo, respectively, and increased significantly to 51 ± 7 min [P <0.05 compared with placebo and washout (41 ± 9 min)] after supplementation. Plasma lipids (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol) did not change during the study period. Supplementation with red wine extract or quercetin had no effect on plasma vitamin C and E, retinol, and carotenoid concentrations. Conclusions: Alcohol-free red wine extract and one of its components, quercetin, can inhibit LDL oxidation after in vivo supplementation; such “inhibition” is unrelated to changes in antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid concentrations.

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Soulat, Thierry, Catherine Philippe, Claire Bal dit Sollier, Christophe Brézillon, Natacha Berge, Pierre-Louis Teissedre, Jacques Callebert, Sylvie Rabot, and Ludovic Drouet. "Wine constituents inhibit thrombosis but not atherogenesis in C57BL/6 apolipoprotein E-deficient mice." British Journal of Nutrition 96, no. 2 (August 2006): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20061818.

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Regular and moderate wine consumption is one of the explanations suggested for the lower incidence of cardiovascular events in France compared with other industrialized countries. We evaluated whether alcohol alone or combined with red wine polyphenols reduced plaque size and/or attenuated thrombotic reactivity at the site of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Red wine extract, or purified (+)-catechin with alcohol, or alcohol alone, was added for 12 weeks to the drinking water of apoE-deficient (apoE−/−) C57B/ mice and wild-type counterparts. In the apoE−/−mice, all alcohol-containing mixtures were associated with a larger size of aortic atherosclerotic lesions. On the other hand, red wine extract and (+)-catechin significantly inhibited blood thrombotic reactivity (P<0·05) as assessed in a cylindrical perfusion chamber model of experimental thrombosis: area reductions in cross-sectional surface of theex vivothrombus were 64% and 63%, respectively. In the wild-type mice, red wine extract and (+)-catechin tended to reduce thrombogenicity, which was on the whole less marked than in the apoE−/−mice. These findings suggest that a moderate and regular consumption of red wine may protect against clinical cardiovascular events, mainly by attenuating the thrombogenic response rather than by reducing the development of atherosclerotic lesions. This antithrombogenic effect may include normalization of the abnormally high thrombogenic responsiveness in apoE−/−mice as well as a direct antithrombotic effect.

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Noriega-Domínguez, María José, Daniel Salvador Durán, Paloma Vírseda, and María Remedios Marín-Arroyo. "Non-animal proteins as clarifying agents for red wines." OENO One 44, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2010.44.3.1472.

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Aims: Dueto food security problems related to animal proteins and the growing demand of non-animal-based fining agents, interest in the use of gelatine alternatives for wine fining has increased in recent years. This work studies the use of proteins of non-animal origin for the clarification of Tempranillo red wines.Methods and results: Proteins from different sources were tested: wheat (seven glutens), maize (one protein extract and one hydrolysed gluten), the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (three protein extracts), and the alga Spirulina platensis (one protein extract). A preliminary physico-chemical characterisation of the proteins (solubility, isoelectric point, molecular weight) showed that some proteins presented very similar characteristics when belonging to the same source. Fining experiments, based on the principal technological parameters (turbidity of wine, volume and compactness of lees generated), were carried out on a laboratory scale, in both the presence and absence of bentonite as a co-adjuvant. Results obtained with hydrolysed maize gluten and yeast extracts showed that these proteins were particularly advantageous. The use of bentonite in combination with the proteins improved the natural sedimentation of floccules. The sensory analysis of the treated wines demonstrated favourable characteristics in all cases except from spirulina, which negatively affected sensory characteristics.Conclusions: The effectiveness of non-animal proteins is comparable to that of the traditionally used gelatine, offering advantages due, mainly, to the lower amounts of lees generated and a greater compactness. These two parameters are of great importance for winemakers, as they are associated with wine losses.Significance and impact of the study: The search for a substitute for gelatine as fining agent.

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Morris, Justin R. "Health Functionality in Grapes and Wine." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 693d—693. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.693d.

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The moderate consumption of red wine, grapes, raisins, and grape juice has a demonstrably positive effect on human health. Scientifically conducted surveys have shown that the effects of moderate intake of red wine reduces circulatory disease. Legislative efforts on labeling red wine to show the scientific evidence of this statement are receiving favorable attention. The antioxidant resveratrol, present in the skins of the grape in any of its various forms, is believed to be the agent primarily responsible for the healthful benefits demonstrated. It has been shown to affect lipid metabolism in higher mammals. Studies of resveratrol content in a variety of wine grapes are being performed at the Univ. of Arkansas, as well as at other institutions. Red wine (in contrast to white wine and other alcoholic beverages) reduces clotting ability and increases levels of high-density lipoproteins (“good” cholesterol), which diminishes the risk of coronary problems. Grape skin extract, red wines, and red juice appear to enhance the ability of blood vessels to resist vasoconstriction and to contribute to antithrombotic activity. In laboratory tests, several known antioxidants in wine out-performed vitamin E, the current best-known dietary antioxidant.

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Cassano, Bentivenga, Conidi, Galiano, Saoncella, and Figoli. "Membrane-Based Clarification and Fractionation of Red Wine Lees Aqueous Extracts." Polymers 11, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071089.

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Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes prepared in laboratory through the inversion phase method were characterized and used to clarify an aqueous extract from red wine lees. Steady-state permeate fluxes of 53 kg/m2h were obtained in the treatment of the aqueous extract in selected operating conditions. Suspended solids were completely retained by the hollow fiber membranes while bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, anthocyanins, and resveratrol were recovered in the permeate stream. The clarified stream was then fractionated by nanofiltration (NF). Three different commercial membranes, in flat-sheet configuration (NP010 and NP030 from Microdyn-Nadir, MPF36 from Koch Membrane Systems), were selected and tested for their productivity and selectivity towards sugars and bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and resveratrol. All selected membranes showed high retention towards anthocyanins (higher than 93%). Therefore, they were considered suitable to concentrate anthocyanins from clarified wine lees extracts at low temperature. On the other hand, NF permeate streams resulted enriched in phenolic compounds and resveratrol. Among the selected membranes, the MPF36 exhibited the lowest retention towards resveratrol (10%) and polyphenols (26.3%) and the best separation factor between these compounds and anthocyanins.

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Botden, Ilse P. G., Hisko Oeseburg, Matej Durik, Frank P. J. Leijten, Leonie C. Van Vark-Van Der Zee, Usha M. Musterd-Bhaggoe, Ingrid M. Garrelds, et al. "Red wine extract protects against oxidative-stress-induced endothelial senescence." Clinical Science 123, no. 8 (June 27, 2012): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20110679.

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Red wine polyphenols may preserve endothelial function during aging. Endothelial cell senescence enhances age-related endothelial dysfunction. We investigated whether RWE (red wine extract) prevents oxidative-stress-induced senescence in HUVECs (human umbilical-vein endothelial cells). Senescence was induced by exposing HUVECs to tBHP (t-butylhydroperoxide), and quantified by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. RWE (0–50 μg/ml) concentration dependently decreased senescence by maximally 33±7.1%. RWE prevented the senescence-associated increase in p21 protein expression, inhibited tBHP-induced DNA damage of endothelial cells and induced relaxation of PCAs (porcine coronary arteries). Inhibition of SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) by sirtinol partially reversed the effect of RWE on tBHP-induced senescence, whereas both the NOS (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor L-NMMA (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine) and the COX (cyclo-oxygenase) inhibitor indomethacin fully inhibited it. Furthermore, incubation of HUVECs with RWE increased eNOS (endothelial NOS) and COX-2 mRNA levels as well as phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177. RWE protects endothelial cells from tBHP-induced senescence. NO and COX-2, in addition to activation of SIRT1, play a critical role in the inhibition of senescence induction in human endothelial cells by RWE.

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Raposo, Rafaela, María José Ruiz-Moreno, Teresa Garde-Cerdán, Belén Puertas, José Manuel Moreno-Rojas, Ana Gonzalo-Diago, Raúl Guerrero, Víctor Ortíz, and Emma Cantos-Villar. "Grapevine-shoot stilbene extract as a preservative in red wine." Food Chemistry 197 (April 2016): 1102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.102.

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Stranieri, Chiara, Flavia Guzzo, Sofia Gambini, Luciano Cominacini, and Anna Maria Fratta Pasini. "Intracellular Polyphenol Wine Metabolites Oppose Oxidative Stress and Upregulate Nrf2/ARE Pathway." Antioxidants 11, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 2055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11102055.

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Moderate wine consumption has been associated with several benefits to human health due to its high polyphenol content. In this study, we investigated whether polyphenols contained in a particular red wine, rich in polyphenols, can pass the cell membrane and switch the oxidant/antioxidant balance toward an antioxidant pattern of THP-1 cells and human cardiomyocytes through a gene regulatory system. First, we identified which metabolite polyphenols present in red wine extract cross cell membranes and may be responsible for antioxidant effects. The results showed that the wine metabolites in treated cells belonged mainly to stilbenes, flavan-3-ols derivatives, and flavonoids. Other metabolites present in cells were not typical wine metabolites. Then, we found that red wine extract dose-dependently lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) up to 50 ± 7% in both cell lines (p < 0.01). Furthermore, wine extract increased nuclear Nrf2 of about 35 ± 5% in both cell lines (p < 0.01) and counteracted its reduction induced by TBHP (p < 0.01). The rise in Nrf2 was paralleled by the increase in hemeoxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene expression (both mRNA and protein) (p < 0.01). These results could help explain the healthful activity of wine polyphenols within cells.

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Amor, Souheila, Pauline Châlons, Virginie Aires, and Dominique Delmas. "Polyphenol Extracts from Red Wine and Grapevine: Potential Effects on Cancers." Diseases 6, no. 4 (November 18, 2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases6040106.

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Wine has been popular worldwide for many centuries and currently remains an important component of our diet. Scientific interest in wine and its health effects has grown considerably since the 1990s with the emergence of the “French Paradox” concept, correlating moderate wine consumption, a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet, and low incidence of coronary heart diseases. Since then, the positive effects on health, health promotion, disease prevention, and disease prognosis of moderate wine consumption, in particular red wine, have been attributed to its polyphenolic compounds such as resveratrol, quercetin, and other flavonoids acting as antioxidants. Several epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro, studies have reported that moderate red wine or red wine polyphenolic extract consumption may be active in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, degenerative pathologies, and cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the current findings about the effects of red wine polyphenols on cancer and to discuss how the polyphenolic composition of red wine may influence its chemopreventive properties.

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Tekos, Fotios, Zoi Skaperda, Periklis Vardakas, Despina Kyriazi, Georgios C. Maravelis, Konstantinos Poulas, Ioannis A. Taitzoglou, Charitini Nepka, and Demetrios Kouretas. "Redox Biomarkers Assessment after Oral Administration of Wine Extract and Grape Stem Extract in Rats and Mice." Molecules 28, no. 4 (February 6, 2023): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041574.

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Wine and by-products of the winemaking process, such as grape stems, are rich in bioactive polyphenolic compounds that might be beneficial for animal and human health. In recent years, the administration of dietary polyphenols with strong antioxidant and cytoprotective properties has constituted an emerging line of research interest toward disease prevention. However, in scientific literature, only a limited number of studies have investigated the safety and the toxicological risks of polyphenolic compounds in vivo. Based on the above, the purpose of the present study was two-fold: first, to examine the effects of oral administration of a grape stem extract, derived from the Greek red wine Mavrodaphne, on mice redox biomarkers; and second, to investigate the biological effects of oral administration of a wine extract, derived from the emblematic Greek red wine Xinomavro, on rats. Toward this purpose, body weight, growth rate, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters, as well as a panel of redox biomarkers, were examined. According to our results, the administration of Mavrodaphne grape stem extract in mice induced alterations in redox homeostasis, preventing mice from the adverse effects of lipid peroxidation. Contrariwise, the administration of Xinomavro wine extract induced both beneficial and harmful outcomes on rat redox status determined by the examined tissue. Collectively, our study reports that the Mavrodaphne grape stem extract, a serious pollutant when disposed in environmental matrices, is an important source of bioactive polyphenolic compounds that could protect from oxidative damage and improve animal and human health. Finally, the Xinomavro wine extract exerts tissue-specific changes in redox balance, which are indicative of the complexity that characterizes the biological systems.

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Kunová, Simona, Soňa Felsöciová, Eva Tvrdá, Eva Ivanišová, Atilla Kántor, Jana Žiarovská, Margarita Terentjeva, and Miroslava Kačániová. "Antimicrobial activity of resveratrol and grape pomace extract." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1054.

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Resveratrol is commonly found in food and drinks, including red wine and grapes. Grape extracts have a potent antimicrobial activity in vitro. The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts is the base of their potential application in food preservation agents, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, alternative drugs and natural therapies. The aim of our study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of resveratrol and Blue Frankish pomace extract against Grampositive and Gramnegative bacteria as well as yeasts from the genus Candida. Six bacterial strains (three Grampositive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus CCM 2461, Enterococcus faecalis CCM 4224 and Listeria monocytogenes CCM 4699; three Gramnegative bacteria Escherichia coli CCM 3988, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCM 1959 and Salmonella enteritidis subsp. enteritidis CCM 4420) and three yeast strains (Candida albicans CCM 8186, Candida krusei CCM 8271 and Candida tropicalis CCM 8223) were evaluated using the antimicrobial assay. Pure resveratrol and grape pomace extracts of red variety Blue Frankish were used. Our results show that resveratrol and red grape pomace extract have a very good antimicrobial activity against Grampositive bacteria when compared with Gramnegative bacteria and yeasts.

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Kojić, Nebojša, and Lidija Jakobek. "Difference of physico-chemical properties of red wines in polyethylenterephtalate and bag in box packaging." Croatian journal of food science and technology 14, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2022.14.1.01.

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Studies have shown that the type of packaging can affect the quality and physico-chemical features of foods stored over a longer period of time. Important physico-chemical characteristics of wines that can change over a storage period are alcoholic strength, the amount of acidity or sulfur dioxide, relative density of wines or total dry extract. The aim of this paper was to determine and compare the physico-chemical properties of red wines (Cabernet sauvignon, Frankovka, Merlot and Pinot noir), stored over a period of one year in two different types of packaging (polyethylene terephthalate and bag-in-box). Relative density of wine, total dry extract, alcoholic strength, total acidity content, volatile acidity content, free and total sulfur dioxide content were determined after 3, 6 and 12 months of storage. The results showed that total and free sulfur dioxide content decreased over time in all wines. Volatile acidity and total acidity content increased over time. Alcoholic strength and total dry extract remained mostly stable. Relative density of wine decreased with time. There were no observed differences of these parameters in wines packed in polyethylene terephthalate and bag-in-box containers. Statistical multiple regression confirmed latter assertion.

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Kitova, L. G., E. Daskalova, S. Delchev, and S. I. Kitov. "HDL cholesterol modulation by Aronia melanocarpa and red wine extract supplementation." Atherosclerosis 315 (December 2020): e151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.466.

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Aziato, Kokou, Ekpetsi Chantal Bouka, Povi Lawson-Evi, Aly Savadogo, and Eklu-Gadegbeku Kwashie. "Sparkling ′′wine′′ production tests from extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flowers." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 9 (March 25, 2021): 3231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i9.20.

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The red calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. are widely used in the production of soft drinks in Africa. The anthocyanin pigments of the calyx give a red color to the drinks which are very appreciated by populations. The aim of this study was to develop a sparkling drink with characteristics similar to those of red wine. The production tests were carried out with the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. commonly called "Bissap" and three types of fermentation: one based on palm wine lees, another by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a third by endogenous fermentation or control wine. Physicochemical analyzes showed that the wine obtained from palm wine lees at 17th days had a pH of 2.77 ± 0.07, an acidity of 116.99 ± 13.03 (mmol H+ / L), a degree Brix of 7.5 ± 0.25%, an alcohol degree of 7.05 ± 0.24% and energy value of 74.27 ± 2.77 (Kcal / 100 ml). Sensorial tests revealed that the “bissap wine” obtained with fermentation based on palm wine lees had organoleptic characteristics very similar to grape wine. Les calices rouges d’Hibiscus sabdariffa L. sont beaucoup utilisés dans la production de boisson rafraîchissante en Afrique. Les pigments anthocyaniques des calices confèrent une couleur rouge aux boissons très appréciées par les populations. L’objectif de cette étude était de mettre au point une boisson pétillante qui a des caractéristiques similaires au vin rouge. Les essais de production ont été réalisés en utilisant les calices d’Hibiscus sabdariffa L. communément appelées « Bissap » et trois types de fermentation dont une à base de la lie du vin de palme, une seconde à partir de Saccharomyces cerevisiae et une troisième par une fermentation endogène ou témoin. Les analyses physico-chimiques ont montré que le vin obtenu à partir de la lie du vin de palme au 17ème jour a un pH de 2,77 ± 0,07, une acidité de 116,99 ± 13,03 (mmol H+/L), un degré brix de 7,5 ± 0,25 %, un degré d’alcool de 7,05 ± 0,24 % et une valeur énergétique de 74,27 ± 2,77 (Kcal/100 ml). Les tests de dégustation ont révélé que le « vin au bissap » obtenu avec le ferment de la lie de vin de palme a des caractéristiques organoleptiques très proches des vins rouges du commerce.

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Milutinović, Milena, Sava Vasić, Ana Obradović, Aida Zuher, Milena Jovanović, Milijana Radovanović, Ljiljana Čomić, and Snežana Marković. "Phytochemical Evaluation, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of New “Oligo Grapes” Supplement." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 6 (June 2019): 1934578X1986037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19860371.

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This research presents complete data about phytochemical analysis and biological activities of a new dietary supplement for commercial use “Oligo Grapes” (OG), and its individual constituents: lyophilized pomace (LP), clay supplemented with red wine extract, lyophilized pomace ethanolic extract (PE), and red wine extract. OG, as a commercially available food supplement, has not been previously tested for its biological activity. Now we want to present new data about its phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and anticancer properties with respect to its cytotoxicity and effects on redox status in colon cancer cell lines. The tested extracts expressed strong antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis and Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453, where the synergy of contents inside the supplement demonstrated a higher influence on the bacteria than its separately tested constituents. Among the investigated extracts, PE, as the extract with the highest phenolics concentration, had remarkable cytotoxic activity on HCT-116 and SW-480 colon cancer cells. Also, the treatments modulated redox status in the investigated cancer cells, by inducing oxidative and nitrosative stress, which could be one of the preferred mechanisms of the anticancer action. Based on the achieved antimicrobial and anticancer properties, there is a need for producing different food supplements and nutritional products originating from grapes. In this respect, the food supplement OG and its health benefits deserve scientific attention and further research.

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Babaeva, M. V., V. M. Zhirov, S. V. Zhukovskaya, S. Yu Makarov, D. A. Kazartsev, and G. N. Egorova. "Research of extract components for the purpose of quality control and safety of wines." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1052, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1052/1/012109.

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Abstract The problem of the quality of alcoholic beverages is relevant in many countries. Despite modern methods of quality control, the market is full of counterfeit and surrogate alcohol. One of the main indicators of the quality of wine products is the extract. Phenolic compounds account for up to 10% of the amount of extractive components of wine. In addition, Malvidin-3,5-di-O-glycoside is normalized by MOVV. In order to determine the qualitative indicators by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography, wine samples were examined and a comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative ratio of flavonoids for Chardonnay – Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon – Merlot varieties was carried out. Studies of the extract components in wines have revealed differences in the composition of phenolic compounds for wines produced from white and red grape varieties produced at various enterprises in various wine-growing areas. It allowed us to obtain results that can be used in assessing the quality and safety of varietal wines and wines of geographical names.

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Yoncheva, Tatyana, Attila Kantor, Eva Ivanišova, and Nataliia Nikolaieva. "Chemical, sensory and antioxidant characteristics of Bulgarian wines from native cultivars." Hrvatski časopis za prehrambenu tehnologiju, biotehnologiju i nutricionizam 14, no. 1-2 (September 3, 2019): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31895/hcptbn.14.1-2.1.

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A study of the chemical composition, the antioxidant capacity and the sensory characteristics of three Bulgarian wines (vintage 2015) from the native cultivars Misket Vrachanski (white), Pamid (red) and Gamza (red), grown in the region of Pleven, Central Northern Bulgaria was carried out. The results showed that the wine composition was mainly determined by the cultivar and its peculiarities. Misket Vrachanski white wine had the lowest rate of sugar-free extract, glycerol, total phenolic compounds and the highest acid content. From the red wine samples, Pamid had lower rates for the above parameters compared to Gamza. The experimental wines were analyzed for total content of esters, aldehydes and higher alcohols. A correlation was found between the rates of the studied volatile components in the wines and their aromatic sensory characteristics. At the wine tasting, Misket Vrachanski that contained the most of esters and aldehydes, was the best evaluated, followed by Gamza and Pamid. There was no correlation between the amount of total phenolic compounds in the experimental samples and their antioxidant capacity, which according to ABTS and MRAP methods increased in the order of Pamid < Misket Vrachanski < Gamza.

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Radojevic, Ivana, Katarina Mladenovic, Mirjana Grujovic, and Sava Vasic. "Grape stalks as a source of antioxidant and antimicrobial substances and their potential application." Botanica Serbica 46, no. 2 (2022): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/botserb2202179r.

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This research project aimed to analyse the biological potential of aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts of red grape stalks, as well as lyophilised red grape stalks from Krnjevo (Serbia). The concentration of the total phenols and flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant activity of the stalk extracts were measured by means of the spectrophotometric method. In vitro antimicrobial activity of 23 selected species of microorganisms (13 species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi) was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC). The results indicated that the highest concentration of total phenols was measured in the ethyl acetate extract (60.08 mg GAE/g of extract), while the highest total flavonoid concentration was observed in the acetone extract (34.24 mg RUE/g of extract). The tested extracts showed poor antioxidant activity compared to chlorogenic acid. The acetone extract probably showed the strongest antimicrobial activity due to the high concentrations of phenols and flavonoids. The tested extracts showed a better effect on Gram-positive bacteria than on Gram-negative bacteria. Although grape stalks are a by-product in the wine industry, they are a potential source of natural compounds which can be used for a variety of purposes in many fields ranging from the food industry to medicine.

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Muñoz-Bernal, Óscar A., Alma A. Vazquez-Flores, Laura A. de la Rosa, Joaquín Rodrigo-García, Nina R. Martínez-Ruiz, and Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla. "Enriched Red Wine: Phenolic Profile, Sensory Evaluation and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds." Foods 12, no. 6 (March 11, 2023): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12061194.

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The beneficial health effect of red wine depends on its phenolic content and the phenolic content in red wines is affected by ecological, agricultural, and enological practices. Enriched wines have been proposed as an alternative to increase the phenolic content in wines. Nevertheless, phenolic compounds are related to the sensory characteristics of red wines, so enrichment of red wines requires a balance between phenolic content and sensory characteristics. In the present study, a Merlot red wine was enriched with a phenolic extract obtained from Cabernet Sauvignon grape pomace. Two levels of enrichment were evaluated: 4 and 8 g/L of total phenolic content (gallic acid equivalents, GAE). Wines were evaluated by a trained panel to determine their sensory profile (olfactive, visual, taste, and mouthfeel phases). The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from enriched red wines was evaluated using an in vitro digestive model and phenolic compounds were quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Enrichment increased mainly flavonols and procyanidins. Such an increase impacted astringency and sweetness perceived by judges. This study proposes an alternative to increase the phenolic content in wines without modifying other main sensory characteristics and offers a potential beneficial effect on the health of consumers.

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Gombau, J., P. Pons, D. Fernández, J. M. Heras, N. Sieczkowski, J. M. Canals, and F. Zamora. "Influence of supplementation with two specific inactivated dry yeast and grape-skin extract on the color and composition of red wine." BIO Web of Conferences 12 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191202004.

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Wines from grapes of Cabernet Sauvignon of the AOC Tarragona were elaborated with supplementation or not of two specific inactivated dry yeasts (Optired® and Optimum Red®; Lallemand Inc.) or with an experimental grape-skin extract. All the wines treated were significantly less astringent than the control wine because both inactivated dry yeast and the skin extract released polysaccharides which probably inhibit interactions between salivary proteins and tannins, and because their presence decrease the proportion of seed tannins and increase the proportion of skin tannins in the final wines.

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Liu, Fu-Chao, and Huang-Ping Yu. "Red wine extract, resveratrol, on maintenance of organ function following trauma-hemorrhage." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2, no. 10 (October 23, 2012): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v2i10.76.

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Resveratrol, is a polyphenol that can be extracted from grapes and red wine, possess potential anti-inflammatory effects, which would result in the reduction of cytokine production, the alteration of the expression of adhesion molecule molecules, and the inhibition of neutrophil function. Resveratrol might also act as an antioxidant, anti-aging, and control of cell cycle and apoptosis. Resveratrol has been shown to have protective effects for patients in shock-like states. Such protective phenomenon is reported to be implicated in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways including the regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/ hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, activates estrogen receptor (ER), and the mediation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and reactive. Moreover, through anti-inflammatory effects and antioxidant properties, the resveratrol is believed to maintain organ function following trauma-hemorrhage.Key words: resveratrol, anti-inflammatory, trauma-hemorrhage.

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Ruiz-Moreno, María J., Rafaela Raposo, Belén Puertas, Francisco J. Cuevas, Fabio Chinnici, José M. Moreno-Rojas, and Emma Cantos-Villar. "Effect of a grapevine-shoot waste extract on red wine aromatic properties." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 98, no. 15 (June 10, 2018): 5606–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9104.

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Chalons, Pauline, Flavie Courtaut, Emeric Limagne, Fanny Chalmin, Emma Cantos‐Villar, Tristan Richard, Cyril Auger, et al. "Red Wine Extract Disrupts Th17 Lymphocyte Differentiation in a Colorectal Cancer Context." Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 64, no. 11 (May 4, 2020): 1901286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201901286.

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40

Chiu, Hui-Fang, You-Cheng Shen, Ting-Yun Huang, Kamesh Venkatakrishnan, and Chin-Kun Wang. "Cardioprotective Efficacy of Red Wine Extract of Onion in Healthy Hypercholesterolemic Subjects." Phytotherapy Research 30, no. 3 (December 3, 2015): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5537.

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Scalzini, Giulia, Alejandro López-Prieto, Maria A. Paissoni, Vasileios Englezos, Simone Giacosa, Luca Rolle, Vincenzo Gerbi, et al. "Can a Corn-Derived Biosurfactant Improve Colour Traits of Wine? First Insight on Its Application during Winegrape Skin Maceration versus Oenological Tannins." Foods 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121747.

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In winemaking, oenological tannins are used to preserve wine colour by enhancing the antioxidant activity, taking part in copigmentation, and forming polymeric pigments with anthocyanins. As a novel processing aid, in this study, a biosurfactant extract was evaluated as a solubilizing and stabilizing agent of anthocyanins in red wine. The biosurfactant extract under evaluation was obtained from a fermented residual stream of the corn milling industry named corn steep liquor (CSL). Two red winegrape varieties (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Aglianico and Cabernet sauvignon) were studied for anthocyanin content and profile, and colour traits, during simulated skin maceration for 7 days at 25 °C, as well as polymerization and copigmentation at the end of maceration. A model wine solution was used as a control, which was added either with the CSL biosurfactant or with four different oenological tannins (from grape skin, grape seed, quebracho, and acacia). The results showed that CSL biosurfactant addition improved the colour properties of skin extracts by the formation of more stable compounds mainly through copigmentation interactions. These preliminary results highlighted that the effectiveness of CSL biosurfactant is variety-dependent; however, there is no significant protection of individual anthocyanin compounds as observed for delphinidin and petunidin forms using quebracho tannin.

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Janega, Pavol, Jana Klimentová, Andrej Barta, Mária Kovácsová, Stanislava Vranková, Martina Cebová, Zuzana Čierna, Zuzana Matúsková, Vladimir Jakovljevic та Olga Pechánová. "Red wine extract decreases pro-inflammatory markers, nuclear factor-κB and inducible NOS, in experimental metabolic syndrome". Food Funct. 5, № 9 (2014): 2202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fo00097h.

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Vargas-Vera, Maria, Camilo Salles, Joaquin Parot, and Sebastian Letelier. "A E-Business Case of Study." International Journal of Knowledge Society Research 8, no. 3 (July 2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijksr.2017070101.

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The main purpose of this research was to find relations between the chemical composition of the wines and the wine testers' opinions on the wine quality. We used in our study a dataset which contains examples of red wine from Vinho Verde, Portugal. Firstly, we did an analysis on the attributes of the examples, in the dataset, to find correlations between quantitative and qualitative properties in wines. Secondly, we performed clustering using the algorithms k-means and x-means. Additionally, we used the J48 algorithm for getting a decision tree and then to extract first order logic rules. We concluded that, there is a relation between physicochemical properties and quality of wines. This result opens the possibility of further analysis and perhaps this could lead to use fewer wine testers and therefore, our research could bring benefit to the wine industry.

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Ageyeva, Natalia, Anastasia Tikhonova, Boris Burtsev, and Anton Khrapov. "Effect of Yeast Biosorbents on Wine Quality." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 52, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-4-2392.

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Foreign food industries know a variety of products derived from wine yeast cells. These products are used to improve the sensory properties of wine. This article describes the effect of a new yeast biosorbent on the sensory and physicochemical properties of white and red wine, e.g., their sorption capacity for heavy metals. The research featured red and white wines treated with the novel biosorbent. Glutarom (France) served as control. The study relied on various physicochemical, organoleptic, biochemical, and microbiological methods. The biosorbent affected neither the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol nor the mass concentration of sugars and titrated acids. However, the biosorbent reduced the mass concentration of volatile acids in terms of acetic acid: it decreased by 20% in the white wines and by 50% in the red wine samples. The mass concentration of the reduced extract decreased by 0.2–0.7 g/dm3 as the amount of sorbent increased. In the white wine samples, the protein concentration decreased by 1.5–1.8 times, while the concentration of polysaccharides decreased by 110–115 mg/dm3. The content of phenolic compounds decreased by 13–37%, depending on the amount of the sorbent, due to their condensed forms. The biosorbent reduced the value of the redox potential. The yeast sorbents effectively adsorbed metal cations, including those of heavy metals. A set of experiments also revealed the difference in sorption time for different metal cations. The effectiveness of the biosorbent was dose-dependent. The wines treated with the biosorbent had better sensory assessment results, especially the red wine samples. They had a soft, round, and harmonious flavor and a bright aroma with pronounced varietal tones. The novel biosorbent proved to have a good sorption capacity for phenolic compounds, as well as cations of toxic metals. It improved the sensory profile of the red and white wines. This biosorbent can substitute their imported analogs in the Russian wine industry.

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Yoncheva, Tatyana, Mehmet Gülcü, and Elka Kóňová. "Comparative Study of the Phenolic Complex, the Resveratrol Content and the Organoleptic Profile of Bulgarian Wines." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 21, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2018-0009.

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Abstract A comparative study of the phenolic complex, the resveratrol content, the antioxidant activity and the organoleptic profile of Bulgarian wines from the local vine varieties Dimyat, Pamid, Gamza and from the hybrid varieties Plevenska rosa, Storgozia, Kaylashki rubin was carried out. Differences in the chemical composition and tasting characteristics of the experimental wines were identified. As for the white wines, Dimyat had higher sugar-free extract and titratable acidity, while concerning the red ones, Storgozia and Kaylashki rubin showed higher rates. The trans-resveratrol amount in the red wines was significantly higher compared to the white ones, as the samples from the red local varieties had a higher content than the hybrid varieties. Difference in the phenolic composition of the wines was also found. Gamza wine had the highest concentration of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and catechin. Storgozia sample contained the highest rates of monomeric anthocyanins and epicatechin. Pamid revealed the lowest concentrations of all analyzed phenolic components except catechin. The red wines had better antioxidant features than the white ones. From the red wines, the highest and the lowest activity were reported in the local varieties – Gamza and Pamid, respectively. There was no strict correlation between the effects of the studied phenolic components on the wine organoleptic profile.

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Kačániová, Miroslava, Simona Kunová, Jozef Sabo, Eva Ivanišová, Jana Žiarovská, Soňa Felsöciová, and Margarita Terentjeva. "Identification of Yeasts with Mass Spectrometry during Wine Production." Fermentation 6, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6010005.

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The aim of the present study was to identify yeasts in grape, new wine “federweisser” and unfiltered wine samples. A total amount of 30 grapes, 30 new wine samples and 30 wine samples (15 white and 15 red) were collected from August until September, 2018, from a local Slovak winemaker, including Green Veltliner (3), Mūller Thurgau (3), Palava (3), Rhein Riesling (3), Sauvignon Blanc (3), Alibernet (3), André (3), Blue Frankish (3), Cabernet Sauvignon (3), and Dornfelder (3) grapes; federweisser and unfiltered wine samples were also used in our study. Wort agar (WA), yeast extract peptone dextrose agar (YPDA), malt extract agar (MEA) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) were used for microbiological testing of yeasts. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (Microflex LT/SH) (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) was used for the identification of yeasts. A total of 1668 isolates were identified with mass spectrometry. The most isolated species from the grapes was Hanseniaspora uvarum, and from federweisser and the wine—Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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Pineau, Bénédicte, Jean-Christophe Barbe, Cornelis Van Leeuwen, and Denis Dubourdieu. "Contribution of grape skin and fermentation microorganisms to the development of red- and black-berry aroma in Merlot wines." OENO One 45, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2011.45.1.1485.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to elucidate how an initially neutral Merlot must resulted in a wine with characteristic aromas of red- and black-berry fruit, focusing on the respective contributions of yeast metabolism together with grape juice, pulp, and skins.Methods and Results: Sensory analyses were performed on Merlot grape skin maceration models, based on observations in the winery. Initial findings revealed that strong fruity nuances appeared during pre-fermentation maceration. In the maceration models used, the development of aroma of red- and black-berry fruit systematically paralleled the growth of the yeast population. The respective roles of grape skins and yeasts were investigated throughout the alcoholic fermentation of model musts with addition of Merlot skins or Merlot skin extract in ethanol. The aromatic nuances revealed by alcoholic fermentation in a must alone had no specific white-, rosé-, or red-wine character. In contrast, wines made by microvinification with grape skins and/or grape skin extract in ethanol had a clear, intense aroma of red- and black-berry. Microvinification with both Merlot skin extract and grape skins revealed the most intense fruity character.Conclusions: Inodorous skin constituents produced a specific aroma of red- and black-berry fruit after alcoholic fermentation by yeast. The physical presence of grape skins during fermentation enhanced the intensity of the fruity nuances obtained.Significance and impact of the study: The study established, for the first time, the existence of inodorous constituents in Merlot grape skins, extractible by ethanol and transformed by yeasts to produce a specific aroma of red- and black-berry fruit in the finished wines.

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Canalejo, Diego, Leticia Martínez-Lapuente, Belén Ayestarán, Silvia Pérez-Magariño, Thierry Doco, and Zenaida Guadalupe. "Grape-Derived Polysaccharide Extracts Rich in Rhamnogalacturonans-II as Potential Modulators of White Wine Flavor Compounds." Molecules 28, no. 18 (September 6, 2023): 6477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186477.

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Many authors have investigated the role of mannoproteins on wine quality, but very few have analyzed the use of grape-derived polysaccharides as they are not commercially available. In this study, purified grape-derived polysaccharides from red wine (WPP) and winemaking by-products (DWRP: Distilled Washing Residues Polysaccharides) were used as potential fining agents to modulate white wine flavor. Phenolics and volatile compounds were analyzed in the control and wines treated with WPP, DWRP, and commercial mannoproteins (CMs) after one and twelve months of bottling, and a sensory analysis was conducted. WPP and DWRP, rich in rhamnogalacturonans-II, showed themselves to be good modulators of wine aroma and astringency. Improvement in wine aroma was related to an increase in all volatile families expect higher alcohols and volatile acids. The modulation of astringency and bitterness was related to a reduction in the proanthocyanidin content and its mean degree of polymerization. Extracts with polysaccharides with higher protein contents presented a higher retention of volatile compounds, and DWRP extract had more positive effects on the overall aroma. Our novel results present the possibility of obtaining valuable polysaccharides from distilled washing residues of wine pomaces, which could promote its valorization as a by-product. This is the first time the potential use of this by-product has been described.

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Tan, Y., and L. H. K. Lim. "trans -Resveratrol, an extract of red wine, inhibits human eosinophil activation and degranulation." British Journal of Pharmacology 155, no. 7 (December 2008): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjp.2008.330.

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Alegria, M., M. Jara, A. Cataldo, P. Aguirre, A. Gonzalez, and E. Bordeu. "Influence of freezing skin grapes to extract phenolic compounds during red wine maceration." BIO Web of Conferences 3 (2014): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20140302011.

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