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Статті в журналах з теми "Recyclage direct"
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Kurz, Leonard, Simeon Forster, Ralf Wörner, and Frederik Reichert. "Environmental Impacts of Specific Recyclates in European Battery Regulatory-Compliant Lithium-Ion Cell Manufacturing." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since environmental benefits and supply chain resilience are commonly assumed for circular economy strategies, this study tests this hypothesis in the context of lithium-ion battery recycling and cell manufacturing. Therefore, the use of recyclates from different cathode active materials and from different recycling routes, namely hydrometallurgy and direct recycling, in a subsequent cell production is modelled with the recyclate quotas prescribed by the amended European Battery Regulation and analysed using life cycle assessment methodology. This study concludes that both, negative and positive environmental impacts can be achieved by the usage of recyclates, depended on the cell technology and the recycling process chosen. Newly constructed lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells using a share of 11.3% of recyclates, which are obtained from LFP cells by a hydrometallurgical process, achieve a deterioration in the ecology by 7.5% for the global warming potential (GWP) compared to LFP cells without any recyclate share at all. For the same recyclate quota scenario, hydrometallurgical recyclates from lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cells (NMC), on the other hand, achieve savings in GWP of up to 1.2%. Recyclates from direct recycling achieve savings in GWP for LPF and NMC of a maximum of 6.3% and 12.3%, by using a recyclate share of 20%. It can be seen that circular economy can raise large savings potentials ecologically, but can also have a contrary effect if not properly applied.
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Nana, Bernard, Nukunu Komlan Guillaume Attaglo, Sid-Noma Anne-Marie Kinda, Samuel Ouoba, and Antoine Béré. "Détermination des facteurs d’émission de GES à travers l’ACV dans les unités d’enfouissement, de compostage et de recyclage du CTVD de Ouagadougou." Journal de Physique de la SOAPHYS 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): CJKA05–1—CJKA05–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46411/jpsoaphys.2024.cjk.005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is a contribution to the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions in the waste sector in developing countries, especially through the determination of specific emission factors. The purpose is to determine the greenhouse gas emission factors of the various waste treatment units at the waste treatment and recovery centre in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) using the Life Cycle Analysis method. The emission factors were evaluated and then reduced to an equivalent CO2 emission per tonne of waste. The results show that landfill has the highest emission factors, with values ranging from 751.19 to 1,818.6 kg CO2 eq/tonne of waste for direct emissions, depending on whether or not sequestered carbon is taken into account, and from 7.24 to 1.31 kg CO2 eq/tonne for indirect emissions. Composting and plastic recovery units have negative EFs over their entire life cycle (-69.69 and -1736.65 Kg CO2 eq/tonne), thus contributing to net greenhouse gas savings. This study is the first of its kind to provide data that can be used for national accounting of greenhouse gas emissions in the waste sector
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Brosius, Roald, and Jack C. Q. Fletcher. "Direct measurement of recycle ratios in internal recycle laboratory reactors." Chemical Engineering Journal 161, no. 1-2 (July 2010): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.04.014.
Повний текст джерела
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Rung, Christian, Frank Welle, Anita Gruner, Arielle Springer, Zacharias Steinmetz, and Katherine Munoz. "Identification and Evaluation of (Non-)Intentionally Added Substances in Post-Consumer Recyclates and Their Toxicological Classification." Recycling 8, no. 1 (February 9, 2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling8010024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
According to the European circular economy strategy, all plastic packaging placed on the market by 2030 has to be recyclable. However, for recycled plastics in direct contact with food, there are still major safety concerns because (non-)intentionally added substances can potentially migrate from recycled polymers into foodstuffs. Therefore, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has derived very low migration limits (e.g., 0.1 µg/L for recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and 0.06 µg/L for recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE)) for recycled polymers. Thus, the use of recyclates from post-consumer waste materials in direct food contact is currently only possible for PET. A first step in assessing potential health hazards is, therefore, the identification and toxicological classification of detected substances. Within this study, samples of post-consumer recyclates from different packaging-relevant recycling materials (HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP, PET, and PS) were analyzed. The detected substances were identified and examined with a focus on their abundance, toxicity (Cramer classification), polarity (log P values), chemical diversity, and origin (post-consumer substances vs. virgin base polymer substances). It was demonstrated that polyolefins contain more substances classified as toxic than PET, potentially due to their higher diffusivity. In addition, despite its low diffusivity compared to polyolefins, a high number of substances was found in PS. Further, post-consumer substances were found to be significantly more toxicologically concerning than virgin base polymer substances. Additionally, a correlation between high log P values and a high Cramer classification was found. It was concluded that PET is currently the only polymer that complies with EFSA’s requirements for a circular economy. However, better-structured collection systems and cleaning processes, as well as more analytical methods that enable a highly sensitive detection and identification of substances, might offer the possibility of implementing other polymers into recycling processes in the future.
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Brun, Catherine. "À l’envers et l’endroit de mai 1968 : les théâtres de Gatti et de Vinaver." Études françaises 54, no. 1 (January 16, 2018): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1042868ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
À partir de l’examen de deux entreprises théâtrales en prise directe avec les bouleversements de Mai, celles des dramaturges français Armand Gatti et Michel Vinaver en 1968-1969, est examinée la manière dont les événements de 1968 et le théâtre tel qu’il peut (ou ne peut pas) se faire à ce moment, non seulement infléchissent la trajectoire des oeuvres, mais obligent à situer les pièces créées et l’acte de création même face au système tel qu’il ne cesse de renaître de ses cendres. Tandis que l’un (Gatti), interdit de représentation au Théâtre National Populaire, s’éloigne toujours davantage des lieux où le théâtre institué se fait et promeut de nouvelles modalités d’écriture (une « écriture avec » des hommes et des femmes réels, un théâtre portatif, en quête de formulations inédites), l’autre (Vinaver) y fait retour. Opérant la jonction entre ses activités professionnelles à la direction d’une entreprise multinationale et ses activités créatrices, il renonce à dissocier la libération (physiologique, psychique, politique, économique) du recyclage et prétend opposer aux spectres de l’absorption généralisée un objet dramatique insoluble. Ce sont ainsi les contradictions de Mai 68 qui sont révélées, en même temps que celles des créateurs : quelle(s) place(s) pour le pouvoir ? pour la création ? quelle efficace ? quels recyclages annoncés ? quelles réponses esthétiques (possibles, durables) aux menaces de récupération ?
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Xu, Guoqiang, Tijs Lammens, Qiang Liu, Xicheng Wang, Linlin Dong, Aldo Caiazzo, Nadim Ashraf, Jing Guan, and Xindong Mu. "Direct self-condensation of bio-alcohols in the aqueous phase." Green Chem. 16, no. 8 (2014): 3971–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc00510d.
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Wu, Pengcheng, Zhenwei Wang, Xinhua Yao, Jianzhong Fu, and Yong He. "Recyclable conductive nanoclay for direct in situ printing flexible electronics." Materials Horizons 8, no. 7 (2021): 2006–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mh02065f.
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Miura, Tsuyoshi, Kie Imai, Mariko Ina, Norihiro Tada, Nobuyuki Imai, and Akichika Itoh. "Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction with Recyclable Fluorous Organocatalyst." Organic Letters 12, no. 7 (April 2, 2010): 1620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol1003719.
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Ji, Xiao-Ming, Liang Wei, Fan Chen, and Ri-Yuan Tang. "Direct trifluoromethylation of imidazoheterocycles in a recyclable medium at room temperature." RSC Advances 5, no. 38 (2015): 29766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra02888d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Regioselective C–H trifluoromethylation of imidazoheterocycles with Langlois' reagent in a recyclable mixed medium of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4) and water at room temperature has been developed.
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Kumar, Dinesh, Soo Min Kim, and Amjad Ali. "One step synthesis of fatty acid diethanolamides and methyl esters from triglycerides using sodium doped calcium hydroxide as a nanocrystalline heterogeneous catalyst." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 9 (2015): 7097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj00388a.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Recyclage direct"
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Dang, Lan Anh. "Recyclage d'enzymes oxydoreductases immobilisées sur un polymère conducteur : transfert électronique par médiateur redox et transfert direct." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077048.
Повний текст джерела
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Hayagan, Neil. "Li-ion battery (LIB) direct recycling using pressurized CO2-based technology." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les batteries lithium-ion (LIB) ont révolutionné l'électronique portable et se sont étendues au secteur de la mobilité grâce aux progrès des matériaux d'électrodes, des électrolytes et des processus de production. Cependant, la demande croissante de LIB pose des défis mondiaux en matière de gestion des déchets. En tant que ressources critiques, les matériaux LIB nécessitent un recyclage efficace dans le contexte de l'économie circulaire tout en répondant aux objectifs de durabilité et de neutralité carbone. Les méthodes de recyclage conventionnelles, telles que la pyrométallurgie et l'hydrométallurgie, ne parviennent pas à récupérer entièrement les composants LIB, en particulier lorsque des déchets de production - un nouveau flux de déchets vierges - apparaissent. Le recyclage direct, une stratégie nouvelle et efficace, préserve les propriétés des matériaux telles que la composition, la structure et les propriétés, améliorant ainsi les taux de récupération. Cette thèse explore le recyclage direct des déchets de production et évalue le potentiel de recyclage des cellules 18650 usagées à différents niveaux de dégradation. Un nouveau procédé à base de CO2 a été développé pour le recyclage direct des déchets de production d'électrodes LIB. En utilisant un mélange de solvants de phosphate de triéthyle, d'acétone et de CO2, la dissolution du liant a été améliorée et la délamination des matériaux d'électrode positive a été accélérée, séparant efficacement LiNi0,6Mn0,2Co0,2O2 (NMC622) du collecteur de courant. L'étude explore également la dégradation dans les cellules 18650 avec cathode NMC622, anode en graphite et électrolyte à base d'EC sous divers protocoles de vieillissement, révélant des changements de matériaux importants, notamment la perte de Li, la décomposition de l'électrolyte et la migration du Mn. Le CO2 liquide et l'acétonitrile ont été utilisés pour extraire les carbonates et les produits de dégradation liquides, tandis que le carbonate de diméthyle comme cosolvant avec le CO2 liquide a permis une récupération élevée du lithium. Ces résultats fournissent des informations précieuses sur le vieillissement des batteries et mettent en évidence les défis d'un recyclage direct efficace, soulignant la nécessité de stratégies innovantes pour faire face à ces processus de dégradation complexesLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized portable electronics and expanded into the mobility sector through advancements in electrode materials, electrolytes, and production processes. However, the growing LIB demand poses global waste management challenges. As critical resources, LIB materials require efficient recycling within the context of circular economy while meeting sustainability and carbon-neutrality goals. Conventional recycling methods, such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, fall short in fully recovering LIB components, particularly as production scraps—a new, pristine waste stream—emerge. Direct recycling, a novel and efficient strategy, preserves material properties such as composition, structure, and properties, improving the recovery rates. This dissertation explores direct recycling of production scraps and evaluate spent 18650 cells their recycling potential across varying levels of degradation. A novel CO2-based process was developed for the direct recycling of LIB electrode production scrap. Using a solvent mixture of triethyl phosphate, acetone, and CO2, binder dissolution was enhanced and the delamination of positive electrode materials was accelerated, efficiently separating LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) from the current collector. The study also explores the degradation in 18650 cells with NMC622 cathode, graphite anode, and EC-based electrolyte under various ageing protocols, revealing significant material changes, including Li loss, electrolyte decomposition, and Mn migration. Liquid CO2 and acetonitrile were used to extract carbonates and liquid degradation products, while dimethyl carbonate as a cosolvent with liquid CO2 allowed high lithium recovery. These findings provide valuable insights into battery aging and highlight challenges for effective direct recycling, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies to address this complex degradation processes
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Blanc, Toinou. "Fabrication additive par dépôt laser direct de TA6V : étude expérimentale dans des régimes de forte productivité, modèles de comportement et recyclage de la poudre." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La fabrication additive, ou impression 3D, regroupe plusieurs procédés permettant d’obtenir des pièces par empilement de couches de matière à partir de modèles CAO, sans outillage spécifique. En l’espace d’une dizaine d’années, les procédés additifs ont vu leur notoriété croître bien plus rapidement que la rentabilité de leurs applications industrielles.En effet, ces technologies doivent encore gagner en maturité, en particulier pour les applications métalliques. C’est l’enjeu du projet FUI-9 FALAFEL dans lequel s’inscrit cette thèse, menée en partenariat avec plusieurs acteurs industriels et académiques. Elle a pour but d’accompagner le développement du procédé de dépôt laser direct (DLD), aussi appelé dépôt de métal assisté par laser (LMD).Celui-ci consiste à projeter et à fondre de la poudre métallique sur un substrat suivant un motif défini, couche après couche. Il permet d’obtenir des pièces de grandes dimensions peu complexes avec un état de surface moyen et une productivité correcte, mais encore insuffisante pour son industrialisation.La spécificité de ce travail est d’étudier le procédé DLD avec l’alliage de titane TA6V, dans des régimes opératoires permettant d’atteindre des débits volumiques de construction élevés (> 100 cm3/h).Les recherches sont orientées suivant deux axes. En premier lieu, on s’attache à améliorer la compréhension et la maîtrise du procédé, en établissant les relations entre paramètres opératoires, critères géométriques, stabilité du bain de fusion, rendement massique et microstructure générée.Dans un deuxième temps, on s’intéresse à la possibilité de réutiliser les poudres projetées non fondues. On étudie jusqu’à 3 niveaux de recyclage de la poudre, sans dilution avec de la poudre neuve, puis on vérifie que les propriétés mécaniques sont en accord avec les exigences aéronautiquesAdditive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, aggregates several processes that allows to build parts by stacking layers of a given material, directly from CAD models, without specific tools. Over the past decade, additive processes have gained in notoriety much more rapidly than their industrial applications gained in profitability.Indeed, these technologies must still mature, especially for metallic applications. This is the challenge of the project FUI-9 FALAFEL, in which this thesis takes place, carried out in partnership with several industrial and academic actors. It aims to accompany the development of the direct laser deposition process (DLD), also known as laser metal deposition (LMD).This consists in projecting and melting metal powder on a substrate in a defined pattern, layer by layer. It allows to obtain large size and low complexity parts with high roughness and a proper productivity, despite being still insufficient for industrialization.The specificity of the present work is to study the DLD process in operating modes that allow to reach high build rates (> 100 cc/h), in application to the titanium alloy TA6V.This work is driven by two research focus. In the first place, we try to improve the understanding and control of the process by establishing the relationships between operating parameters, geometric criteria, melt pool stability, process efficiency and generated microstructure.In a second stage, we focus on the possibility to reuse powders that remain unmelted after deposition. Up to 3 levels of powder recycling are studied, without dilution with new powder. We then carried out tests to check that the mechanical properties were in accordance with the aeronautical requirements
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Amponsah, Nana Yaw. "Contribution à la théorie de l'éMergie : application au recyclage." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653840.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le développement continu d'outils pour mesurer le développement durable a conduit à la théorie éMergétique. L'éMergie d'une ressource ou d'un produit est définie en convertissant toutes les ressources (matières premières) et les entrées d'énergie sous la forme de leurs équivalents énergétiques solaires (solar energy unit seJ), cf Odum (1996, 2000). L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'adapter la méthode d'analyse éMergétique aux pratiques de recyclage industriel. La principale contribution scientifique de cette étude peut être résumée comme suit: contribution à la théorie éMergétique en temps discret appliquée au recyclage. Sous certaine hypothèses, l'émergie d'un produit recyclé peut être exprimée sous la forme d'une série géométrique. L'éMergétique d'un produit se détériorant, il existe un prix éMergétique au recyclage et une analogie avec l'énoncé de Carnot peut être faite. En conséquence, un nouveau "facteur" est introduit, ce dernier peut être inclus dans les tables d'évaluation éMergétique, pour tenir compte des accroissements de transformité dû aux recyclages multiples. Enfin, l'approche développée est appliquée avec succès à l'utilisation de matériaux de recycle dans un bâtiment basse énergie.
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Sabeh, Zahi. "Diagnostic à base de modèle : application à un moteur diesel suralimenté à injection directe." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139674.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les moteurs diesel suralimentés à injection directe ont bénéficié de nombreux progrès en termes de minimisation de consommation et d'émissions. Ils représentent aujourd'hui des processus technologiques de plus en plus complexes, d'où la nécessité d'améliorer et de développer des systèmes de diagnostic pour la détection des défauts de ces moteurs. Cette thèse propose une méthode de diagnostic à base de modèle pour la détection de différents types de défauts : de capteurs, d'actionneurs et des fuites dans la boucle des gaz d'un moteur diesel en n'utilisant que ses capteurs d'origine. L'utilisation de modèles physiques, polynomiaux, statiques et dynamiques permet de calculer des résidus entre les grandeurs mesurées par les capteurs et celles estimées par ces modèles. En présence de défauts, des variations anormales des résidus donnent naissance à des symptômes qui constituent la base de détection de différents types de pannes dans le système. La méthode proposée est implémentée, avec un système de prototypage rapide, et testée sur un moteur diesel à bord d'un véhicule de recherche. Des résultats expérimentaux d'application montrent la détection et le diagnostic, réalisés en temps réel, des différents types de défauts introduits durant les essais.
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Salembier, Hélori. "Développement de catalyseurs supportés pour la synthèse directe du méthylmercaptan à partir de CO/H2/H2S et CO2/H2/H2S." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La recherche dans le domaine de la chimie industrielle s’engage pour la mise en place de nouvelles stratégies de synthèse plus respectueuses de l’environnement. Le méthylmercaptan (CH3SH) est un précurseur de la méthionine, un acide aminé essentiel, dont la demande mondiale ne cesse de croitre. La synthèse du CH3SH est réalisée industriellement par réaction catalytique entre l’H2S et le méthanol, lui-même synthétisé à partir d’un mélange CO/H2, ce qui rend attractives les voies de synthèse directes à partir de CO/H2 et H2S ou encore CO2/H2 et H2S, permettant la valorisation et le recyclage du CO2 un coproduit de la réaction. Dans ce travail de thèse de nouveaux catalyseurs ont été développés en menant parallèlement une étude sur la nature et la quantification de la phase active des différents systèmes catalytiques mis au point. Une étude de la teneur en Mo, de l’effet de la calcination, de l’ajout de dopants cuivre et/ou zinc a été réalisée sur des catalyseurs de type K-Mo supportés sur alumine. L’utilisation d’autres supports oxydes permet d’améliorer sensiblement les performances catalytiques évaluées dans un micro-pilote travaillant dans des conditions préindustrielles. La mise en regard et confrontation des caractérisations par XPS, TEM, DRX et Raman des catalyseurs activés mettent en évidence, dans tous les systèmes catalytiques, la présence majoritaire d’une phase de type 1T-MoS2 lamellaire, intercalée par des ions potassium. La quantification de cette phase intercalée a permis de la corréler à la productivité en méthylmercaptan, démontrant ainsi que cette phase est la phase active des catalyseurs de synthèse directe du méthylmercaptanIn the field of chemistry, industrial research is committed to the development of environmentally friendly synthesis strategies. Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) is a precursor to methionine whose worldwide demand is steadily growing. It is currently produced by a catalytic reaction between H2S and methanol. Due to the production of methanol involving multiple reaction steps, the direct synthesis of methyl mercaptan from syngas (CO/H2) and H2S or from (CO2/H2) and H2S (assuming a CO2 recycling) appears as a financially attractive industrial process. This work focused on the development of new catalysts for this reaction, specifically on identifying and quantifying the active phase of different catalytic systems. Studies on the effects of molybdenum loading, calcination procedures and copper and/or zinc doping were carried out on an alumina-supported potassium-molybdenum catalyst. Others metal oxide carriers were also employed, remarkably improving catalytic performances. Catalytic tests were performed with a micro-pilot reactor operated in near-industrial conditions. Catalysts were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission emission microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, evidencing the presence of a significant lamellar 1T-MoS2 type phase, intercalated by potassium ions. Quantification of this intercalated phase was correlated with methyl mercaptan productivity, demonstrating its role as the catalytically active phase which drives methyl mercaptan direct synthesis
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Soares, Rodrigo de Sousa. "Os novos paradigmas na política nacional de resíduos sólidos e os desafios do programa de coleta sustentável em João Pessoa." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4429.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-31Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Study of the concepts, goals, deadlines and relevant instruments to Law 12.305 of 2010 that establishes the National Policy of Solid Waste ( PNRS ) in Brazil and its application, considering the challenges to consolidate a new reality of sustainable growth from the production of less waste, either in the manufacturing process or even in domestic consumption , extending the life cycle of products and allowing the country to definitely assume a sustainable development agenda. Assuming that the implementation of this Public Environmental Policy can mean the realization of new paradigms of development with sustainability as advocates Agenda 21, it has been sought beneath the perspective of economic law to highlight the legal implications from the concepts of the State of Social Welfare and Sustainable Development in Brazil. The legislation analysis indicates the importance of the principles of precaution and prevention within the framework of legal protection and the sharing of responsibilities in environmental management. Taking as parameter the management and implementation of PNRS in João Pessoa -PB and the experience in Brazil of selective collection with scavengers of recycled material. The local collection program and the challenges to have a sustainable collection program has been described, which facilitates the full operation of the reverse logistics and selective collection systems with social and economic inclusion of the scavengers of recycled material and the application of sectoral agreements and responsability pos - demand, causing a change in patterns of production and consumption .
Estudo dos conceitos, metas, prazos e instrumentos pertinentes a Lei 12.305 de 2010 que institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) no Brasil e da sua aplicação considerando os desafios para consolidar uma nova realidade de crescimento sustentável a partir da produção de menos resíduos, seja no processo industrial ou mesmo no consumo doméstico, ampliando o ciclo de vida dos produtos e permitindo ao país assumir definitivamente uma agenda de desenvolvimento sustentável. Partindo da premissa que a implantação dessa Política Pública Ambiental pode significar a concretização de novos paradigmas de desenvolvimento com sustentabilidade como preconiza a Agenda 21 , buscou-se sob a ótica do Direito Econômico destacar as implicações jurídicas a partir dos conceitos do Estado de Bem Estar Social e de Desenvolvimento Sustentável no Brasil. A análise da legislação indica a importância dos princípios da precaução e da prevenção no âmbito da proteção jurídica e do compartilhamento de responsabilidades na gestão ambiental. Tomando como parâmetro a gestão e aplicação da PNRS no município de João Pessoa-PB e a experiência no Brasil da coleta seletiva com os catadores de material reciclado. Descrito o programa local de coleta e os desafios para um programa de coleta sustentável, que viabilize o pleno funcionamento dos sistemas de logística reversa e coleta seletiva com a inclusão socioeconômica dos catadores de materiais recicláveis e a aplicação dos acordos setoriais e da responsabilidade pós-consumo, provocando uma mudança nos padrões de produção e consumo.
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Combe, Quentin. "Éjection électromagnétique : modèle et réalisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse se concentre sur la thématique de l'éjection électromagnétique appliquée dans le cadre de l'industrie du recyclage des métaux. L'objectif de celle-ci est la modélisation et la réalisation d'une architecture de conversion d'énergie permettant la réalisation de cette éjection. Le champ magnétique variable généré est utilisé afin de séparer d'un flux de déchets les matériaux métalliques non ferromagnétique tel que l'aluminium ou le cuivre par le biais d'une force de Laplace engendrée par la conjonction entre le champ magnétique crée et le champ magnétique induit par les courants de Foucault dans les matériaux conducteurs. L'architecture développée se compose de plusieurs éléments: un redresseur, un onduleur et un inducteur. La partie redresseur, à large plage de fonctionnement connectée sur le réseau d'alimentation triphasée permet d'obtenir une tension continu réglable et assure un prélèvement sinusoïdale de courant en phase avec la tension. La partie onduleur, permet de contrôler la puissance transmise, en adaptant l'amplitude et la fréquence du courant traversant la dernière partie du système que forme l'inducteur, responsable de la création du champ magnétique alternatif. Le choix du redresseur s'est porté sur la structure classique du redresseur abaisseur de tension de type Buck en raison de la faible impédance de l'inducteur utilisé. Bien que cette structure permette d'abaisser la tension triphasée, sa plage de fonctionnement peut être facilement augmentée sans l'ajout de composant passif. Le contrôle classique de ce redresseur ne se base que sur ses grandeurs de sorties ce qui peut engendrer des oscillations non contrôlées causées par la mise en résonance du filtre LC d'entrée excité par les harmoniques générés par les commutations des transistors. Nous avons proposé dans cette thèse une nouvelle méthode de contrôle qui traite à la fois de ses grandeurs d'entrée et de sortie et qui permet de contrôler les éventuelles oscillations du filtre LC d'entrée tout en bénéficiant d'une meilleure réponse dynamique lorsque le système est soumis à un échelon de charge. Cette méthode de contrôle se base sur les propriétés de platitude des systèmes différentielles, ainsi elle ne dépend pas du point de fonctionnement et garantit la stabilité large signal du système. Le choix de l'onduleur monophasé s'est porté sur une structure en pont complet permettant l'application de trois niveaux de tension et un large choix de contrôle de l'amplitude, de la forme et de la fréquence du courant traversant l'inducteur. Différents contrôle de ce convertisseur ont été étudiés et comparés. Ceux-ci permettent de faire varier la puissance injectée dans l'inducteur, ont un impact sur le contenu harmonique du courant le traversant et sur les contraintes des différents composants du système. Une modélisation de l'inducteur ainsi qu'une estimation de la valeur du champ magnétique nécessaire à l'éjection est effectuée. Les différentes méthodes proposées sont validées par des résultats de simulations numérique mais également par le biais de tests expérimentaux réalisés sur le système completThis thesis focuses on the subject of electromagnetic ejection applied in the context of the metal recycling industry. The aim of this thesis is the modeling and the development of an architecture of energy conversion allowing the realization of this ejection. The generated variable magnetic field is used to separate non-ferromagnetic metallic materials such as aluminum or copper from a waste stream by means of a Laplace force generated by the conjunction between the magnetic field created and the magnetic field induced by the eddy currents in the conductive materials.The developed architecture is composed of several elements: a rectifier, an inverter and an inductor. The rectifier part with a wide operating range connected to the three-phase grid network allows to obtain an adjustable DC voltage and ensures a sinusoidal current in phase with the voltage. The inverter part allows to control the transferred power, by adjusting the amplitude and frequency of the current flowing through the last part of the system represented by the inductor, responsible for the generation of the variable magnetic field.The rectifier is based on the classical Buck rectifier structure because of the low impedance of the inductor used. Although this structure allows to lower the three-phase grid voltage, its operating range can be easily increased without the addition of passive components. The classical control of this rectifier is based only on its output variables which can lead to uncontrolled oscillations caused by the resonance of the lightly damped input LC filter excited by the harmonics generated by the switching of transistors. In this thesis, we proposed a new control method that deals with both its input and output variables and that allows both to control the oscillations of the input LC filter while obtaining a better dynamic response when the system is subjected to a load step. This control method is based on the flatness properties of differential systems, so it does not depend on the operating point and guarantees the large signal stability of the system.The single-phase inverter is based on a full bridge structure allowing the application of three voltage levels and a wide choice of control of the amplitude, shape and frequency of the current flowing through the inductor. Different controls of this converter have been studied and compared. These allow to vary the power injected in the inductor, have an impact on the harmonic content of the current flowing through it and on the constraints of the different components of the system.A modeling of the inductor as well as an estimation of the value of the magnetic field necessary for the ejection is carried out. The different methods proposed are verified by numerical simulations but also by experimental tests performed on the whole system
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Assaker, Gloria. "Implication de l'endosome de recyclage dans la migration cellulaire in vivo." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3220.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Au cours de l’ovogenèse chez la mouche du vinaigre: Drosophila melanogaster, un groupe de cellules folliculaires appelées cellules de bord, migrent à travers les cellules nourricières pour atteindre l’ovocyte. Cet événement, nécessitant la transition épithélio- mésenchymateuse (TEM), la réorientation, puis l’arrêt, ressemble à la formation de métastases.
L’endocytose est un régulateur clé de plusieurs événements polarisés, y compris la migration cellulaire. En effet, différentes protéines impliquées dans la migration, comme les intégrines et les E-cadhérines (cadhérines épithéliales), sont régulées par transport à travers les endosomes. De même, l’endocytose restreint au front de migration l’activité des récepteurs tyrosine kinases (RTKs) qui guident les cellules de bord dans leur mouvement. Cependant les mécanismes moléculaires de cette restriction spatiale de l’activité des RTKs demeurent largement inconnus. Nous avons testé l’implication du trafic vésiculaire à travers la machinerie d’endocytose, dans la migration dirigée des cellules de bord, car ce système est facilement accessible pour l’expression de protéines et l’analyse de mutants.
Nous avons commencé par confirmer une observation précédente du rôle de l’endosome précoce dans la migration des cellules de bord. Ensuite, nous avons identifié l’endosome de recyclage (ER) comme un régulateur clé de cette migration. En effet, nous avons démontré que l’expression dans les cellules de bord d’une forme dominante négative de Rab11, la petite GTPase régulant le transport vésiculaire à travers l’ER, bloque la migration ou entraîne de sévères défauts de migration dans environ 80% des chambres d’œufs examinées. De plus, nous observons par immunofluorescence une relocalisation de l’activité des RTKs alors que d’autres protéines de migration ne sont pas affectées par Rab11 dominant négatif. Ce résultat a été par la suite confirmé par une interaction génétique entre Rab11 et les RTKs. D’autre part, nous avons montré que le complexe exocyste, un effecteur de Rab11, est impliqué dans la migration des cellules de bord. Nous avons trouvé par microscopie confocale en tissu fixé et par microscopie en temps réel que Sec15, un composant de ce complexe, est polarisé, de façon Rab11- dépendante, dans des vésicules qui s’accumulent au front de migration tout au long du mouvement des cellules de bord. De plus, la perte de l’activité de Sec15 perturbe à son tour la migration. Ainsi, toutes ces données démontrent le rôle fondamental d’un cycle d’endo- exocytose dans le maintien des RTKs actifs au niveau du front de migration des cellules de bord le long de leur mouvement.During Drosophila melanogaster’s oogenesis, a cluster of folllicle cells, called border cells, perform an invasive migration through the surrounding nurse cells to reach the oocyte. This event resembles metastasis formation since it requires epithelial- mesenchymal transition, reorientation and arrest. Endocytosis plays a fundamental role in many polarized processes, including cell migration, since different migration proteins, like integrins and E-cadherins traffic through the endocytic pathway. Furthermore, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that guide border cells during their migration are regulated by endocytosis, although the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. We tested the implication of vesicular trafficking through the endocytic machinery, in border cells’ directed migration, because this system is easily accessible for protein expression and mutant analysis. We first confirmed previous observation that trafficking through the early endosome is necessary for border cells migration, and then we identified the recycling endosome as a key compartment for this migration. Indeed, we showed that overexpression in border cells of a dominant negative form of Rab11, the small GTPase regulating vesicular trafficking through the recycling endosome, blocks migration or leads to severe migration defects in about 80% of examined egg chambers. Furthermore, using immunofluorescence, we observed a relocalization of RTKs activity, whereas other migration proteins were not redistributed upon dominant negative Rab11 expression. This result was further confirmed by a genetic interaction between Rab11 and RTKs. Moreover, we showed that the exocyst complex, an effector of Rab11, is also involved in border cells migration. We found by using confocal microscopy of fixed tissues and time-lapse microscopy of living egg chambers, that Sec15, a member of this complex, is distributed in vesicles which are polarized, in a Rab11- dependent manner, throughout border cells migration. In addition, loss of Sec15 also impairs migration. Together these data demonstrate a fundamental role for an endo- exocytic cycle in the maintenance of active RTKs at the leading edge of border cells during their migration.
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Roux, Annalie. "Renovation of wastewater for direct re-use in an abattoir." Diss., 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23864.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tertiary treatment methods were tested on secondary effluent from an abattoir biological wastewater treatment plant with the purpose of renovating it for re-use in the abattoir. The colour and dissolved organic matter could be removed to such an extent that the water would comply with water of insignificant health risk (Department of Health). The treatment process sequence proven to be effective in upgrading this water so insignificant health risk standard were coagulation with a polymer blend, separation, ozonation, filtration and activated carbon filtration. The development of biologically activated carbon in practice was accepted as inevitable and desirable for optimum water quality, but not tested. A deciding factor in the selection of an appropriate treatment was that the final water would also have acceptable corrosion properties.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Chemical Engineering
unrestricted
Книги з теми "Recyclage direct"
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Cullet, Philippe, and Sujith Koonan, eds. Environmental Dimensions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199472475.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter focuses on environmental dimensions of water. The first section of this chapter reproduces general environmental law instruments relevant in the context of protection and conservation of water and related ecosystem. This is followed by a section on environmental law instruments that specifically address the issues of water pollution and water quality. Protection and conservation of water requires regulation of a number of activities that affect water bodies and thus the fourth section captures regulation of activities in catchment areas and regulation of activities that particularly and directly affects water—for example sand mining. Protection and conservation of water also requires augmentation measures and measures to ensure optimal use of water. The fourth and fifth section, thus, focuses two such measures, rainwater harvesting and recycle and re-use of wastewater.
Частини книг з теми "Recyclage direct"
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Ishida, Yasuyuki, Kuniyoshi Goto, Hajime Ohtani, and Tetsuya Sonoda. "Direct Analysis of Condensed Tannins in Bark by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Combined with Solid Sample Preparation." In Improvement of Forest Resources for Recyclable Forest Products, 117–20. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53963-6_22.
Повний текст джерела
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Mohan, Anshuman, Wei Xiang Leow, and Aquinas Hobor. "Functional Correctness of C Implementations of Dijkstra’s, Kruskal’s, and Prim’s Algorithms." In Computer Aided Verification, 801–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_37.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWe develop machine-checked verifications of the full functional correctness of C implementations of the eponymous graph algorithms of Dijkstra, Kruskal, and Prim. We extend Wang et al.’s CertiGraph platform to reason about labels on edges, undirected graphs, and common spatial representations of edge-labeled graphs such as adjacency matrices and edge lists. We certify binary heaps, including Floyd’s bottom-up heap construction, heapsort, and increase/decrease priority.Our verifications uncover subtle overflows implicit in standard textbook code, including a nontrivial bound on edge weights necessary to execute Dijkstra’s algorithm; we show that the intuitive guess fails and provide a workable refinement. We observe that the common notion that Prim’s algorithm requires a connected graph is wrong: we verify that a standard textbook implementation of Prim’s algorithm can compute minimum spanning forests without finding components first. Our verification of Kruskal’s algorithm reasons about two graphs simultaneously: the undirected graph undergoing MSF construction, and the directed graph representing the forest inside union-find. Our binary heap verification exposes precise bounds for the heap to operate correctly, avoids a subtle overflow error, and shows how to recycle keys to avoid overflow.
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Rizzetto, F., and F. L. Hooimeijer. "Reloading Landscapes: Democratic and Autotrophic Landscape of Taranto." In Regenerative Territories, 267–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78536-9_17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractCities are like “heterotrophic organisms” because they are dependent on inflows of air, water, food, matter, and energy. Unlike nature, they pollute their own habitat through the production of waste outflows and emissions, extending beyond their own footprint. Data on the ecological footprint of cities have quantified, emblematically, the imbalance between in- and outflows but also what remains: polluted air, water, and soil. The rapid growth of urbanization is a matter of serious concern, but as a part of new development, it can be turned around with an approach in which cities become an “autotrophic organism”.In 2012 Taranto, a coastal city in Southern Italy with an important commercial and military port, was declared as the city “with the highest risk of environmental crisis” in Italy due to a large industrial area developed in the proximity of a highly populated urban settlement.The cause of pollution, a steel production plant, directly employs approximately 12.000 people and another 8.000 contractors indirectly, making it Taranto’s main economic driver.The conflict between economy and environment in the city of Taranto, make it a peculiar case study to be approached with the concept of a Democratic Landscape. This concept reads the territory beyond the natural environment, also recognizing the wellbeing of the inhabitants.After the analysis of a Democratic Landscape in relation to the concept of an “autotrophic organism”, this contribution explores the transformation by regeneration of the ecosystem and the economic regime. In redeveloping a city like Taranto, changing its function from a heterotrophic organism to an autotroph organism, the approach of the so-called “linking open-loop system circularity” is more appropriate. It more adequately describes the system than what is commonly understood for circularity at the building scale of “reduce, reuse, recycle of resources”. Circularity as an attitude brings together many elements that can be considered generic for each project: it can be about recycling or reuse, cutting costs or time, and output of CO2 through reducing material inflow and the transport of materials.In the context of the Democratic Landscape and an autotropic organism, the approach of “linking open-loop system circularity” is tested on two scales in Taranto. One, on the large scale, proposing multiple reuses of agricultural crops after remediation and two, at the local scale, in rebuilding a portion of the city by reusing the demolished buildings materials.The need to rethink and redesign the flow of resources such as building materials, water, food, and energy is essential to the future sustainability of cities. It involves thinking about how to use existing resources rather than dispose of them as in the linear model. It also means establishing new economic models in order to make a sustainable city, flows of intelligent growth and the creation of an identity for a communal sense of belonging. Together, these create a democratic, autotrophic landscape that can sustain a future.
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El-Halwagi, Mahmoud M. "Direct-Recycle Networks." In Sustainable Design Through Process Integration, 127–61. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809823-3.00004-7.
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El-Halwagi, Mahmoud M. "Direct-Recycle Networks." In Sustainable Design Through Process Integration, 89–109. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-744-3.00004-7.
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El-Halwagi, Mahmoud M. "Direct-Recycle Networks." In Sustainable Design Through Process Integration, 223–29. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-744-3.00010-2.
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"Mathematical approach to direct recycle." In Process Integration, 315–34. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-5970(06)80013-5.
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El-Halwagi, Mahmoud M. "An Optimization Approach to Direct Recycle." In Sustainable Design Through Process Integration, 347–60. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809823-3.00012-6.
Повний текст джерела
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El-Halwagi, Mahmoud M. "An Optimization Approach to Direct Recycle." In Sustainable Design Through Process Integration, 287–98. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-744-3.00015-1.
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"Graphical techniques for direct-recycle strategies." In Process Integration, 39–86. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-5970(06)80004-4.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Recyclage direct"
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Sayımlı, Hakan, Güler Kesici, and Çallıoğlu Cengiz. "Waste potassium based recycle agent preparation and nanofiber production." In 7th International Scientific Conference Contemporary Trends and Innovations in Textile Industry – CT&ITI 2024, 197–205. Union of Engineers and Technicians of Serbia, Belgrade, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ct_iti24023rs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The low potassium content in the foods consumed daily and the absence of potassium in most foods direct people to potassium intake directly through supplementary foods. It is known that large amounts of potassium are present in banana fruit and peel. This study is aimed at utilizing banana peel waste to produce an easy-to-use, thin, lightweight, biocompatible, and innovative nanofibrous material. First of all, waste banana peels were lyophilized with a freeze-dryer device and pulverized with a mixer blender. Next, EDX conducted an elemental analysis of the potassium-containing banana peel powder. Then, PVP-based nanofibers with recycled potassium-containing banana peel powder were produced. PVP solutions containing different concentrations of banana peel powder were prepared under equal conditions, and the solution properties such as conductivity, viscosity, pH, and surface tension were determined. Finally, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the structural properties of PVP-banana peel powder nanofibers, such as fiber diameter, fiber diameter uniformity coefficient, and elemental analysis with EDX to confirm the presence of potassium in the nanofibrous material. It is thought that these nanofiber surfaces, which can be transformed into a highvalue-added product by evaluating the waste food material, will be especially useful for a treatment for supralingual application of potassium.
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Gegeckienė, Laura, and Ingrida Venytė. "Eco-friendly material for packaging." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
: At the moment there exists a predominant prevalence of the combined packaging (i. e. cardboard is covered with polyethylene) in the food packaging market, which provides the necessary barrier properties for a packaged product. However, there also exist a great number of problems regarding the issue such as packaging sorting, recycling, waste management, and economic losses. According to the latest data, 65 enterprises in Lithuania are currently working in the recycling industry. They can recycle different types of packaging. The issue of ecology is highly relevant in the printing industry. It is not a secret that the global population is growing rapidly. As the demand for food and non-food product packaging increases, the production volume increases accordingly. In the future, it is expected that the volume of packaging production will increase accordingly. MMK cardboard can be called a revolution in the industry of packaging. Until now, packaging which has direct contact with food must be laminated with films such as PE. Plastic waste is one of the most common types of waste that takes a very long time to decompose. Normally, plastic packaging can take up to several hundred years to decompose in landfills, while cardboard is easily recyclable and takes up to half a year to biodegrade. The aim of this research is to investigate the physical and mechanical properties and characteristics (in order to offer analog materials in the perspective) of the new materials with the necessary properties and compared to the properties of the most using materials.
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Chandra Achinadka, Jagadish. "Study of Condensate Generated During Direct Metal Laser Sintering." In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4900.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering), an additive manufacturing technology, is increasingly becoming popular to build intricate high quality functional parts & rapid prototypes. DMLS technology uses a high intensity laser to build components layer by layer, directly from metal powder. CAD data is directly converted to part without the need for tooling. It is possible to build internal features and passages that are not possible in conventional manufacturing routes. The process generates significant amount of condensate due to vaporization and suction applied to build chamber. Typically as much as 30% of the weight of powder ends up as condensate. The condensate so generated cannot be directly recycled. This results in significant reduction in profitability and process efficiency. This study pertains to 18% Ni Maraging Steel grade C300, which commonly used in DMLS process. Maraging Steel is used extensively to build functional parts by DMLS process especially for Tool and Die applications. In the present study chemistry, particle size distribution & morphology of the condensate was studied & compared with the powder. Parts were built using condensate and chemical, physical, mechanical, microstructure and XRD studies were done. These properties were compared with properties of parts built using fresh powder. No difficulty was encountered in building parts using condensate. However, hardness and tensile properties were found to be inferior, thus it is not possible to recycle the condensate directly. Present research investigates the cause of difference in these properties.
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Emblemsvåg, Jan, and Bert Bras. "Activity-Based Costing in Design for Product Retirement." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this paper, an approach is presented to estimate the cost incurred by different designs based on Activity-Based Costing (ABC). The suitability of utilizing ABC in design is explored in the context of design for product retirement. A comparison is made with a number of approaches for estimating product life-cycle cost. In comparison to other costing schemes, ABC has the advantages that it can trace both direct and indirect (overhead) costs correctly back to where these costs actually were incurred. This ‘traceability’ facilitates the identification of the most cost inefficient parts of the design, which makes ABC much more suitable for design decision making than other costing schemes. In general, ABC is also more accurate. Although the costs related to any part of a product’s life-cycle can be estimated, an automobile product retirement example is used to illustrate the usage of the approach described. In the example, a decision has to be made whether to pursue a recyclable car or a non-recyclable car. Future work is identified, primarily related to the inclusion of uncertainty in the approach presented.
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Grigaliunaite, Viktorija, Ausra Pažeraite, and Mantautas Rackauskas. "The determination of the impact of emotional advertising appeals on willingness to recycle." In 23rd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2022”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2022.56.002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The importance of recycling is undeniable for the circular economy and it is one of the main strategies for waste minimization. Therefore, effectively performed encouragement of recycling becomes urgent. Social advertising that promotes recycling is one of the methods to encourage society to reach higher levels of recycling. Thus, it is of interest to determine whether a negative appeal (fear) or a positive appeal (joy) makes a bigger impact on willingness to recycle. Yet, this has rarely been studied directly. Therefore, the scientific problem solved in the article is: how does joy and fear advertising appeals impact willingness to recycle? This paper aims to determine the impact of joy and fear advertising appeals on willingness to recycle. To reach the aim of the article, the implicit association test and questionnaire survey were provided. The analysis of research results revealed that the fear appeal advertisement for recycling seems more interesting, but the implication can be made that a bigger impact on the attitude toward recycling and willingness to act is made by joy appeal advertisement which is preferred unconsciously.
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CARTA, Mauro. "Life cycle assessment (LCA) of a novel solid-state recycling process for aluminum alloy AA6063 chips via direct hot rolling." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-315.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Aluminum utilization has been growing in the last decades thanks to its high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, excellent plasticity, and good weldability. Recently, unconventional processes have been developed for aluminum recycling, called Solid-State Recycling (SSR), by avoiding melting process, allow to save up to 85% of energy needed for secondary aluminum production. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental advantages of a novel recycling technique namely Direct Hot Rolling process. This innovative solid state recycling process will be evaluated for its eco-friendliness. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis follows a gate-to-gate approach: collected chips coming from prior cutting process are cold pressed and subsequently hot and cold rolled to obtain the functional unit, defined as the sheet produced through Direct Rolling of 35g of AA6063 chips. Primary data come from direct measurements provided by an industry plant operating in aluminum production field and direct measurements taken during the experimental activity in laboratory. Secondary data were provided by studies available in literature and SimaPro® databases. This LCA comparison between two similar different routes for SSR through rolling suggests that the second one, Direct Hot Rolling + ARB technique, is more suitable to reduce the environmental impact of aluminum recycle industry. However, Accumulative Roll Bonding is considered a low productivity process for worldwide industries, considering the difficulty of automation and repeatability of the procedure.
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Qurashi, Abdulaziz. "NGL Operation Strategy Using Predictive Analytics." In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213290-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Oil & Gas is a data-rich industry which is prime for data-driven and decision making. The significant growth witnessed in the digital transformation field and the new era of the industrial revolution 4 (IR 4.0), is a direct result of the need within the industry to utilize the large amount of data to make better decisions, improve operation strategy, plan better for preventive maintenance (PM), and process improvement. The uncertainty associated with estimating the incoming feed gas rate to NGL plants has resulted in deviation from optimal compressor recycle rate, missed opportunities of meeting planned PM and imposed urgency during operation. Utilizing machine learning algorithms, namely regression and decision tree model, the incoming feed gas can be predicted which result in the machine learning algorithms which results in the identification of the optimum number of running trains and recycle rate required for efficient operation. NGL-Operation Planner (NGL-OP) is the outcome of utilizing ML algorithms which provides the ability of predicting incoming feed gas, identifying optimum number of running trains required as well as estimating the optimal recycle rate. Adopting this approach is a new and strategical way to plan NGL operation. The developed tool also has the ability to advise whether to shut down, maintain existing operation or starting-up a new train. The implementation of the model resulted in a significant improvement in NGL operation. The improvement includes fuel gas consumption reduction of around 449 MMSCF/Year which resulted in a significant cost saving, reduction in emissions around 27 M tons/year, and 10% reduction in operating unnecessary running trains. These savings have been achieved through the utilization of the NGL-OP to minimize uncertainty and improve our planning strategy.
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Ved, Ankeeth Suresh, G. H. Miley, and T. S. Seetaraman. "Recycling Sodium Metaborate to Sodium Borohydride Using Wind-Solar Energy System for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the major issues with DBFC is availability of Sodium borohydride and economics of converting sodium metaborate, product of reactions in DBFC, to sodium borohydide. Work has been done by L Kong et all [1] to convert Sodium metaborate to sodium borohydride using magnesium hydride. The work presented here discusses various other possibilities to recycle NaBO2 and how it could be coupled with existing wind and solar energy systems to make it economically viable. A little variation form Brown Schlesinger process [2], commonly used to produce sodium borohydide is proposed and with discussion on possible renewable energy system are presented below. a] Steam reforming of methane : Solar energy can be utilized to convert water into steam. Also possibilities of using geothermal energy where available cannot be ruled out. b] Using sea water to get sodium metal: Electrolysis of seawater enables us to have this process on board on offshore wind mills. Also presence of other salts in sea like calcium chloride favor electrolysis. c] Hydrolysis of NaBO2 to make boric acid: This is the deviation from the exiting Brown Schlesinger and thermoeconomics is under investigation. d] Boric acid reacts with methanol to give trimethylborate. e] Sodium metal in presence of hydrogen from steam reforming react to give sodium hydride. f] Sodium hydride and trimethylboate react to give sodium borohydide and sodium methoxide which decomposes into methanol and NaOH. Another method that would be included in this study is using NaBO2 to produce borohallide (BX3) which in presence of LiAlH4 would give B2H6 which with sodium carbonate (from sodium metaborate and methane or carbon dioxide) would give sodium hydroxide. This is under study and hence not much data is available right now. From the cost study it is seen that for the first mentioned process the initial cost associated is high and exact amount is still under debate. Advantage of utilizing renewable source is that the renewable energy can be converted into efficient source of energy for mobile applications.
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Meo, Dominic, and Heiner Zwahr. "Technology Selected for City of Los Angeles Waste-Conversion Facility Sets New Standards for Sustainable Waste Management Using WTE." In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The technology selected by the Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation for its new waste-conversion facility marks an unprecedented step forward in sustainable waste management. Developed by Green Conversion Systems (GCS) in Rye, New York, the proposed facility utilizes commercially-proven waste-treatment technologies which combine the proven benefits of a conventional materials-recycling facility (MRF) with technologies developed for the newest generation of waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities operating in Europe. As a result, the proposed plant will convert essentially all of the waste into electrical power and recyclable byproducts. In the plant design developed by GCS, “black-bin” (post-curbside recycling) waste collected by the City of Los Angeles is treated in a two-step process: • An advanced materials-recovery facility recovers almost 30 percent of the waste for recycling. • The remaining waste is processed in an advanced WTE facility which produces electrical power and a range of commercial byproducts. • More than 99 percent of the waste treated will be diverted from landfilling. When the plant becomes operational, it will provide waste disposal at reasonable costs and several hundred direct and indirect jobs for the surrounding community.
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Cerulo, Benedetta, Flavia Papile, Martina Motta, Andrea Marinelli, Giovanni Maria Conti, and Barbara Del Curto. "3D knitting for upholstery: guidelines to design at the interface of sustainable fashion and furniture." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Textile products, a synthesis of the complex relationship between physical and sensory characteristics, have always played a fundamental role in the culture of furniture design projects. Like many other production sectors, the furniture one in recent years has been called to meet the growing demand for conversion to sustainability both in terms of processes and raw materials, since most of the time disassembly is very difficult and the padding material is generally difficult to reuse, recycle, or recover when furniture pieces are dismissed. 3D knitting allows reducing the productive steps, consequently, i.e. reducing the supply chain. Moreover, it allows the development of local and on-demand production systems and, lends itself to the use of recycled materials. Finally, at the end of life of furniture pieces, the above-mentioned technology facilitates the recycling of yarns and drastically reduces the possibilities of exploitation of labor. In addition, the use of this process in furniture design has the potential to answer to the strong demand for circularity that the furniture sector is asking for. This research focuses on the relationship between innovative textile technological processes and furniture design (upholstered sofas and armchairs in particular). This study aims to investigate how the 3D knitting process, can contribute in terms of sustainable production in the furniture sector. The technological transfer has been studied either in literature and with direct dialogue with industrial 3D knitting experts. Through this research, it has been possible to demonstrate that the process is not limited to reducing production waste but also to bringing environmental, economic, and social benefits. In fact, 3D knitting allows companies to reduce the size of the product during transport, meeting the trend of flat packaging, allowing the replacement of polyurethane foams in upholstery with recycled and recyclable materials and ultimately leading to a different conception of the furniture product. 3D knitting brings the designer to conceive furniture in a completely new and different way, simple and easy to disassemble, factors that are fundamental principles of circularity design. To provide an output that was not only illustrative but also functional to the designer, in the second part of the research, some specific design guidelines for 3D knitted upholstery have been defined. The guidelines have been established through an overview of the basics of knitwear, the explanation of the machines and their operations, case studies and samples collection, and interactions with 3D knitting industries. Thanks to these guidelines it is possible to guide the designer in the early stages of the development of a 3D knitted product. A final case study on the guidelines application is also provided. This research has allowed to shed light on a process still little known in the world of product design, identifying the potential for the creation of circular products, especially in the furniture sector, and helping designers approach this technology.
Звіти організацій з теми "Recyclage direct"
1
Kiran Manchiraju. Direct Solid-State Conversion of Recyclable Metals and Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039705.
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Feng, Z., and K. Manchiraju. Direct Solid-State Conversion of Recyclable Metals and Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035493.
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Burke, F. P. The role of recycle oil in direct coal liquefaction process development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/105078.
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Fife, K. W., D. F. Bowersox, C. C. Davis, and E. D. McCormick. Direct oxide reduction (DOR) solvent salt recycle in pyrochemical plutonium recovery operations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6820703.
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Gale, Thomas. Oxygen-Fired CO{sub 2} Recycle for Application to Direct CO{sub 2} Capture form Coal-Fired Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053605.
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Melanie, Haupt, and Hellweg Stefanie. Synthèse du projet conjoint du PNR 70 «Gestion des déchets pour soutenir la transition énergétique (wastEturn)». Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_pnr70_pnr71.2020.2.fr.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les déchets renferment de grandes quantités d’énergie aussi bien directe qu’indirecte. Les déchets ménagers incinérés chaque année en Suisse représentent une valeur énergétique de quelque 60 pétajoules. L’énergie qui en est directement tirée couvre environ 4 % des besoins en énergie finale. Le plus gros potentiel en matière de gestion des déchets réside cependant dans le recyclage des matériaux, afin de leur donner une seconde vie et d’éviter ainsi indirectement la production énergivore de matières premières Pour optimiser la contribution de la gestion des déchets à la transition énergétique, il s’agit dans un premier temps d’améliorer la transparence et la documentation des flux de matières et d’argent et, sur cette base, de hiérarchiser l’impact énergétique des diverses solutions de valorisation et d’élimination. Les catégories de déchets identifiées comme ayant le plus grand potentiel d’amélioration sont le papier, le carton ainsi que le plastique. En ce qui concerne le papier et le carton, les énormes quantités traitées promettent des résultats significatifs. À l’exception des bouteilles en PET, le tri sélectif des plastiques usagés demeure encore peu développé. Un potentiel d’optimisation notable a également été identifié au niveau de l’efficacité énergétique des usines d’incinération. Pour permettre une utilisation plus efficace de la chaleur générée par les usines d’incinération d’ordures ménagère (UIOM), les consommateurs de vapeur et d’énergie thermique doivent toutefois être implantés à proximité. Un facteur décisif pour progresser vers une gestion des déchets plus efficace sur le plan énergétique est la collaboration entre les nombreux acteurs du secteur à l’échelle fédérale. Ceux-ci doivent d’une part mieux s’organiser tout au long de la chaîne de création de valeur et d’autre part tirer profit de la marge de manœuvre que procure la souplesse du fédéralisme pour tester différentes approches.