Статті в журналах з теми "Recyclable materials sorting"
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1
Sörme, Louise, Elin Voxberg, Joacim Rosenlund, Sara Jensen, and Anna Augustsson. "Coloured Plastic Bags for Kerbside Collection of Waste from Households—To Improve Waste Recycling." Recycling 4, no. 2 (May 4, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4020020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, considerable amounts of resources are landfilled or incinerated, and recyclable materials such as metal, glass, plastic, and paper are disposed of as residual waste instead of being sorted into recyclable fractions. Recycling is one way of transitioning towards a circular economy and a more resource-efficient society. However, in many older cities there is insufficient space for waste bins, which makes waste sorting difficult. The aim of the study was to test how the introduction of a new kerbside collection system, using different-coloured plastic bags, would influence the amounts of residual waste and separately collected food waste. Coloured plastic bags were introduced in an old city centre in Kalmar, in the southeast of Sweden. This type of kerbside collection was applied to 38 apartments with a total of 87 residents for four weeks. Results show that residual waste decreased directly by 15 percent and the collected amount of food waste increased directly by 35 percent. The residents perceived that the sorting system facilitated sorting and that the sorting of recyclable materials increased. Kerbside collection, close to properties, seemed to be an important factor in reducing the amount of residual waste, leading to increased sorting, and hence improved recycling.
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Hyvärinen, Marko, Mikko Ronkanen, and Timo Kärki. "Sorting efficiency in mechanical sorting of construction and demolition waste." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 7 (April 28, 2020): 812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20914750.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The requirements for the recycling of construction and demolition waste are tightening, and companies in the waste business have improved their performance to comply with new legislation. Construction and demolition waste includes various recyclable materials, such as metals, plastics and wood. However, effective material recovery requires functional and reliable technology for sorting in order to separate waste fractions into useful secondary materials or applications. This paper concerns the mechanical sorting efficiency of construction and demolition waste with a commercial mechanical sorting equipment consisting of a roller screening and an air separation unit. Sorting ability is studied with pre-sorted and crushed test material. Sieve analysis of pre-sorted test material is used to define particle size distribution before sorting. The quality criteria of construction and demolition waste vary greatly, depending on a number of factors which pose a challenge to the operation of the sorting system. The studied sorting equipment was found to be reliable for producing nine different fractions from pre-sorted and crushed material mixtures. The requirements for the purity level of the fractions and the profitability of utilization define the number of fractions to be sorted cost-efficiently. Typically, a compromise between cost and purity level has to be found.
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Al-Athamin, Esra’a Amin, Safwat Hemidat, Husam Al-Hamaiedeh, Salah H. Aljbour, Tayel El-Hasan, and Abdallah Nassour. "A Techno-Economic Analysis of Sustainable Material Recovery Facilities: The Case of Al-Karak Solid Waste Sorting Plant, Jordan." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 13043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solid waste sorting facilities are constructed and operated to properly manage solid waste for both material and energy recovery. This paper investigates the possible technical and economic performance of the Al-Karak solid waste sorting plant in order to achieve financial sustainability and increase the profits that return on the plant to cover its operating costs. A standard procedure was followed to quantify and characterize the input materials of commercial solid waste by determining the recyclable materials in the sorting products. Thus, possible different equipment and material flows through the plant were proposed. An economic model was used in order to know the feasibility of the proposed options of the plant according to three economic factors, which are net present worth (NPW), return on investment (ROI), and payback period values. The results inferred that the characterization of the input materials contains a high portion of recyclable materials of paper, cardboard, plastic, and metals, which accounted for 63%. In this case, the mass of rejected waste to be landfilled was 9%. Results for the proposed options showed that the economic analysis is feasible when working loads on three and two shifts with ROI values of 4.4 and 3.5 with a payback period of the initial cost in 2 and 3 years, respectively. Working load on one shift was not feasible, which resulted in an ROI value of less than 2 and a payback period larger than 5 years. This paper recommended operating the sorting plant at a higher input feed with a working load on three shifts daily to ensure a maximum profit and to reduce the amount of commercial solid waste prior to landfilling through the concept of sorting and recycling.
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Rodrigues, Luís Henrique, Ricardo Reolon Jorge, and Kevin Laita Kumamoto. "Productivity Analysis in Recyclable Materials Sorting Operation - A Case Study at Recifavela Cooperative." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 8, no. 8 (2021): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.88.50.
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Dumessa, Nathan, Katie Lucaites, Hannah Solini, Jeremy Lopez, Paige Lawton, and Suyash Ahire. "Evaluating the Usability of University Waste-Sorting Systems." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 2046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641494.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recycling is a widely adopted practice that can reduce waste in landfills and increase profits for companies, corporations, and universities, such as Clemson, that sell recyclable materials. For these materials to be sold at a competitive price, however, they must be uncontaminated. This is a considerable barrier for Clemson University because users’ knowledge and experience with recycling do not align with Clemson University’s expected recycling practices. In an effort to bridge this gap, we followed human-centered design practices to generate and test prototypes of new system signage. We found that users were more accurate and confident in their sorting behavior when interacting with the new signage. Users also perceived the new signage as more usable than the old signage. In addition to these findings, the results of this research include a user testing methodology and experimental protocol that can be implemented in other contexts where large populations sort waste.
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Caton, Patrick, Howard Ernst, Karen Flack, Joseph Smith, and Kurtis Swope. "Waste Flow, Recycling, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: a Case Study of the Comparative Environmental Impact of Recycling Approaches on a College Campus." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.446.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Municipal solid waste flow was modeled and measured at the U.S. Naval Academy to understand not only the movement of waste, but also the policies and economic incentives that have led to the current waste management plan at the Academy. The study contains four primary thrusts: regulatory policies, waste production and recycling levels, collection and sorting processes, and disposal and material recovery. Waste hauling data for a one-year period in 2017-2018 showed that the institution generated approximately 300 tons of total waste each month and recycled approximately 11-15% of that waste. From directly measuring waste across campus, approximately 36% of the non-recyclable waste stream contains recyclable materials. Most recyclable materials that ended up in the non-recyclable waste stream were plastics and cans, and came from academic spaces. However, a test academic space that gave access to waste bins only conjoined with recycling bins showed a substantial reduction in recycling infiltrating the non-recyclable waste stream. The study also shows how the handling of waste has evolved over recent years. Since the mid-2000s, the Academy has shifted to relying on contractors to sort and transport waste. Currently, five private contracting agencies are utilized in the waste flow stream after materials leave the Academy. To assess environmental impact, a life cycle assessment model was constructed based on the movement of waste to estimate the possible effects of the current recycling program on carbon equivalent emissions. The results indicate that current practices result in over 500 metric tons of carbon equivalent savings over the long-term during the one-year measurement period. The model also shows that by reducing recycling infiltrates into the waste stream, an additional 1000 metric tons of carbon equivalent savings are possible. Economic incentives were evaluated at each of the four sections of the waste process model, and analysis suggests that focusing on behavioral change strategies at the waste generation and initial collection and sorting levels holds the best promise for increasing levels of recycling, reducing landfilled waste, and reducing net carbon emissions in accordance with DOD policy goals.
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Dědičová, K., and P. Valášek. "Influence of Glass Powder Size Sorting on Properties of Composite Systems." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 47, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sab-2016-0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Glass powder ranks among the secondary raw materials, which can be used in the interaction with polymeric materials. In the present experiment the polymeric/epoxy particle composite with different sizes of glass powder particles is described. Such utilization of recyclable materials is environmental-friendly and should be preferred. The size of particles forming the filler of the described composites is one of the key characteristics affecting the mechanical properties. Due to the properties of the systems filled with glass powder, these materials can potentially be used in agriculture (renovations, adhesive bonding, cementing, etc.). In the experiment, glass powder was dimensionally sorted through sieves. Three fractions of glass powder with particles size of 0−30, 30−50, and 50−90 μm were created and utilized, the average particle size being 18.7, 38.7, and 72.6 μm, respectively. The interaction of the 18.7 μm particles did not lead to a statistically significant decrease of shear strength values in the interval 0−20 vol.%. The presence of glass powder, however, in all cases decreased tensile strength.
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Larsen, Anna W., Claus Petersen, and Thomas H. Christensen. "Bulky waste quantities and treatment methods in Denmark." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 30, no. 2 (September 2, 2011): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x11417973.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bulky waste is a significant and increasing waste stream in Denmark. However, only little research has been done on its composition and treatment. In the present study, data about collection methods, waste quantities and treatment methods for bulky waste were obtained from two municipalities. In addition a sorting analysis was conducted on combustible waste, which is a major fraction of bulky waste in Denmark. The generation of bulky waste was found to be 150–250 kg capita−1 year−1, and 90% of the waste was collected at recycling centres; the rest through kerbside collection. Twelve main fractions were identified of which ten were recyclable and constituted 50–60% of the total quantity. The others were combustible waste for incineration (30–40%) and non-combustible waste for landfilling (10%). The largest fractions by mass were combustible waste, bricks and tile, concrete, non-combustible waste, wood, and metal scrap, which together made up more than 90% of the total waste amounts. The amount of combustible waste could be significantly reduced through better sorting. Many of the waste fractions consisted of composite products that underwent thorough separation before being recycled. The recyclable materials were in many cases exported to other countries which made it difficult to track their destination and further treatment.
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Seryogin, O. O., O. V. Vasylenko, Frank J. Riedel, and Helmut Aigner. "TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEX FOR PROCESSING OF SOLID HOUSEHOLD AND TREATMENT FACILITIES WASTE WITH BIOGAS OBTAINING." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2021.06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A concept has been developed for processing of biologically active sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants in combination with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste using the BioTech Process. The complex, which makes it possible to implement the proposed concept, does not require additional land plots, and classified secondary raw materials, biogas and high-quality biofertilizers suitable for use in the agricultural industry are the products of its activity. The proposed concept will allow solving several problems at once due to the construction of a waste recycling plant on the territory of the filtration zone of the existing water treatment facilities. The new processing plant will be used not only for processing and sorting of solid waste, but also for treating sludge from wastewater treatment plants, together with organic waste obtained from solid waste in the BioTech Process to obtain biogas and biofertilizers, the so-called compost. The new recycling plant will be environmentally friendly and, among other benefits, will be able to process of municipal solid waste with preliminary sorting and separation of recyclable materials. Bibl. 9, Fig. 1.
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Girich, Maria G., and Antonina D. Levashenko. "SEPARATE AND DOMINATE: HIDDEN POTENTIAL OF WASTE MARKET IN RUSSIA AND IN THE WORLD." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-1-72-84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The waste market is a large segment of international trade, which allows earning on the recyclable treatment materials and the waste trade. The separate waste collection allows obtaining a better quality of recyclable materials, which can be processed without additional sorting. Toda, measures for infrastructure development for separate collection, recycling, and incineration of solid municipal waste are established as part of the Strategy of solid municipal waste management in theRussian Federation. At the same time, disposal is the primary method of waste management. As a result, there is a problem of development of separate waste collection system which is aimed at reducing the use of a non-eco-friendly and desirable method of waste management – disposal. OECD proposes many standards for separate waste collection are possible, including integration of waste management hierarchy, development of extended producer responsibility practices, stimulation and training of population in a separate waste collection, etc. These measures allowed OECD countries, for example,Germany,Sweden,Austriato become world leaders in the field of waste treatment. These countries improve the quality of the environment, earn through recycling, resale of garbage, saving the money by re-using of useful components contained in the wastes.
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Cimpan, Ciprian, Anja Maul, Michael Jansen, Thomas Pretz, and Henrik Wenzel. "Central sorting and recovery of MSW recyclable materials: A review of technological state-of-the-art, cases, practice and implications for materials recycling." Journal of Environmental Management 156 (June 2015): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.025.
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Tang, Jinfeng, Lezhang Wei, Minhua Su, Hongguo Zhang, Xiangyang Chang, Yu Liu, Nana Wang, et al. "Source analysis of municipal solid waste in a mega-city (Guangzhou): Challenges or opportunities?" Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 12 (August 16, 2018): 1166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18790350.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rapid economic development accelerates the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), and thereby calls for an effective and reliable waste management strategy. In the present work, we systematically investigated the status of MSW management in a mega-city of China (Guangzhou). The data were collected from literatures, government statistics and field sampling work. It can be found that a combination of waste sorting by individual residents and a necessary quantity of sanitation workers is one of the most feasible strategies to achieve a sustainable waste management. With implementation of that integrated strategy, approximately 0.03 million tons of metal, 0.24 million tons of paper, as well as 0.46 million tons of plastics can be recycled/recovered for further processing. A cost reduction of 70 million US$ is achieved in comparison with the un-optimized system due to the sale revenue of recyclable materials and the saving from waste disposal fees. The values of environmental assessment were expressed as environmental load units. The developed scenarios could decrease the environmental cost, namely, 0.66 million US$. Based on the studies, waste sorting is urgently needed in Guangzhou. However, to make the proposed strategy to be more economically feasible, the sorting should be performed individually as well as with public participation. The establishment of a win–win situation for all stakeholders is an effective path for the improvement of the integrated waste management system.
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Wheeler, Kathryn, and Miriam Glucksmann. "Economies of Recycling, ‘Consumption Work’ and Divisions of Labour in Sweden and England." Sociological Research Online 18, no. 1 (February 2013): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2841.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The recycling of domestic waste has become increasingly significant over recent years with governments across the world pledging increases in their recycling rates. But success in reaching targets relies on the input and effort of the household and consumer. This article argues that the work consumers regularly perform in sorting their recyclable waste into different fractions and, in some cases, transporting this to communal sites, plays an integral role in the overall division of labour within waste management processes. We develop the concept of ‘consumption work’ drawing on comparative research in Sweden and England to show how the consumer is both at the end and starting point of a circular global economy of materials re-use. The work that consumers do has not been systematically explored as a distinctive form of labour, and we argue that treating it seriously requires revision of the conventional approach to the division of labour.
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Pešek, M., and M. Přikryl. "Technical possibilities of the cutting oils filtration residues combustion." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, No. 2 (June 30, 2014): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/33/2010-rae.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The value of consumption share of electricity from renewable sources in the Czech Republic up to 8% in 2010 stems from an individual obligation adopted by the Czech Republic when signing the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. One of the possibilities how to reduce greenhouse gases emissions from fossil fuels consists in biomass burning. Biomass used for power purposes is obtained on purpose as a result of production activities or it originates from utilization of wastes from agricultural, forest and industrial production. In biomass burning, the boiler used produces carbon dioxide, recyclable in nature. Increase of the amount of municipal and technological waste including materials that are heavily soiled and difficult to recycle pushed up demand to obtain the best possible solutions in terms of both technological and economic terms. Recycling of materials can provide multiple circulations which have to lead to final solution such as storage or use in energy production. One of the solutions shall consist in recommending the installation of the sorting line, the homogenizer, and possibly a pelletizer to ensure sufficient homogeneity of the material.
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Yahaya, Adamu. "THE ECONOMIC OF SCAVENGING BUSINESS IN MUBI METROPOLITAN AREA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i7.2018.1298.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study examines the economics of scavenging (Baban Bola or Yan Bola), in Mubi by over increasing numbers of unemployed youths in Mubi. The data was collected through closed ended questionnaires (60) and through researcher field observation. Data obtained were qualitative and quantitatively analyzed using descriptive statistic. Result shows that materials scavenging from solid waste for recycling is dangerous done by combining through waste dumps where materials sought after handpicked. Recyclable materials are also obtained by scavengers through the process of weighing or pricing. The materials required are hence transported using a metal cart (push push) to junk collection deport and processed by sorting and grinding. They are consequently weight using the salter scale to determine their monetary worth before selling it to the junk dealers. Most materials collected by scavengers are metallic objects, glass bottles, rubbers or plastic material because demands for such materials are high by recycling industries locally. This scavenging practice is observed to by environmentally being as it helps in reducing the excess waste destined for evacuation and final disposal in addition to the job it creates. It is however, recommended that scavenging practice should be properly organized and practitioners financially empowered so that they will acquire modern tools of resources recovered from waste to bust their capacity to recover more waste which will in due course lead to low-waste society
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Siddika, Ayesha, Ailar Hajimohammadi, Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Rayed Alyousef, and Wahid Ferdous. "Waste Glass in Cement and Geopolymer Concretes: A Review on Durability and Challenges." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 2071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Every year, the world is producing around 100 metric tons of waste glass (WG), the majority of them are going to landfills that create massive environmental problems. One approach to solve this problem is to transform waste glass into construction materials. Glass is recyclable; however, the melting temperature of the glass is highly dependent on its colour that requires sorting before recycling. To overcome this challenge, many researchers and end-users are using broken glass in concrete either as a binder or aggregates. While significant investigations have done in this area, however, the outcomes of these studies are scattered, and difficult to reach a firm conclusion about the effectiveness of WG in concrete. In this study, the roles of WG and its impact on microstructural and durability properties for both cement and geopolymer concrete are critically reviewed. This review reveals that the amorphous silica in WG effectively participate to the hydration and geopolymerization process and improve concrete microstructural properties. This behaviour of WG help to produce durable concrete against shrinkage, chemical attack, freeze-thaw action, electrical and thermal insulation properties. The optimum replacement volume of binders or natural aggregates and particle size of WG need to be selected carefully to minimise the possible alkali-silica reaction. This review discusses a wide range of parameters for durability properties and challenges associated with WG concrete, which provides necessary guidelines for best practice with future research directions.
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Jadhav, Daniyal, Shashikala Gurpur, and Lasya Vyakranam. "Emphasizing Health Insurance as Social Security System of Unorganized Sector in Maharashtra: The Case of the Ragpickers." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (September 16, 2021): 5285–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2562.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Indian economy is categorized into two sectors, namely: organized and unorganized sectors. The unorganized sector consists of a pivotal part of the Indian economy. Ragpickers are that class of employees who can be considered as an organized-unorganized labor class. Ragpicking business entails collecting, sorting, and selling various waste materials, mainly plastics or metals. After doing all this work, they sell recyclable material to the junkyard dealers at very petty prices, making them economically poor. Ragpickers are a major contributor to the Indian economy, as they are involved in recycling. Ragpickers mostly work without being equipped with any protective gear and are exposed to many health hazards while doing their role. They suffer from occupational risks and are often found hospitalized paying their bills from their pockets. There are times when they even do not go to hospitals because of hospital expenses. The paper primarily focuses on analyzing the different health insurance schemes, which are provided as social security by the Maharashtra Government and tries to find out the possible loopholes in health insurance policies because of which the ragpickers are not able to utilize or avail the benefits of the policies for which they are eligible. For developing a better understanding of the subject, the researcher has conducted an empirical survey on the ragpickers of Pune. Based on this, the researcher has recommended some policy changes, which can prove beneficial for the welfare of the Ragpickers.
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Lalinde Méndez, Jennifer Katherine. "Propuesta de direccionamiento estratégico en la Asociación Gremial de Recicladores de oficio del Municipio de Tocancipá (RECITOC), para su desarrollo empresarial." Revista Relayn - Micro y Pequeñas empresas en Latinoamérica 1, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46990/relayn.2019.1.1.264.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
De acuerdo con el censo de caracterización de población recicladora, en Colombia existen aproximadamente 8.000 personas de 44 municipios analizados, que se dedican a labores de recolección, clasificación y comercialización de materiales reciclables, de los cuales sólo el 20% se encuentran en proceso de formalización como asociación de recicladores (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2018). Los recicladores de oficio juegan un papel importante como actores fundamentales dentro de los procesos de recolección y aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos, sin embargo, la labor que esta población desempeña no es reconocida y las condiciones en las que ejercen su oficio no son dignas. Lo anterior, debido a la falta de formalización y planificación entre recicladores de oficio para el establecimiento de metas como organización; pues a la fecha la asociación de recicladores del municipio de Tocancipá “RECITOC” no presenta iniciativas empresariales orientadas al logro de un objetivo común. Por lo cual, es de vital importancia presentar una propuesta de direccionamiento estratégico que aporte al desarrollo empresarial y establecimiento de una estructura organizacional sólida que permita mejorar su posición competitiva y aumentar su participación en el mercado actual. Para el objeto de la presente investigación, se realizará el análisis sobre el municipio de Tocancipá el cual se encuentra ubicado al norte de Bogotá capital de Colombia, cuenta con una población de 35.000 habitantes de los cuales 49 personas se dedican a labores de recolección y comercialización de materiales reciclables, así mismo; con el fin de generar una propuesta de direccionamiento estratégico, se toma como muestra a la asociación gremial de recicladores de oficio denominada “RECITOC” conformada por 24 recicladores del municipio. Abstract According to the census of characterization of recycler population, in Colombia there are approximately 8,000 people in 44 municipalities analyzed, who are engaged in collection, sorting and marketing of recyclable materials, of which only 20% are in the process of formalization as an association of recyclers (Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2018). Trade recyclers play an important role as fundamental actors within the processes of collection and use of solid waste, however, the work that this population performs is not recognized and the conditions in which they exercise their trade are not dignified. This is due to the lack of formalization and planning among recyclers for the establishment of goals as an organization; to date, the association of recyclers of the municipality of Tocancipá "RECITOC" does not present business initiatives aimed at achieving a common goal. Therefore, it is of vital importance to present a proposal of strategic directioning that contributes to the business development and establishment of a solid organizational structure that allows improving its competitive position and increasing its participation in the current market. For the purpose of this research, an analysis will be made on the municipality of Tocancipá which is located north of Bogotá, capital of Colombia, has a population of 35,000 inhabitants of which 49 people are engaged in the collection and marketing of recyclable materials, likewise; in order to generate a proposal for strategic direction, the trade association of recyclers called "RECITOC" is taken as a sample, formed by 24 recyclers of the municipality.
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Hopewell, Jefferson, Robert Dvorak, and Edward Kosior. "Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1526 (July 27, 2009): 2115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0311.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight and durable materials, which can readily be moulded into a variety of products that find use in a wide range of applications. As a consequence, the production of plastics has increased markedly over the last 60 years. However, current levels of their usage and disposal generate several environmental problems. Around 4 per cent of world oil and gas production, a non-renewable resource, is used as feedstock for plastics and a further 3–4% is expended to provide energy for their manufacture. A major portion of plastic produced each year is used to make disposable items of packaging or other short-lived products that are discarded within a year of manufacture. These two observations alone indicate that our current use of plastics is not sustainable. In addition, because of the durability of the polymers involved, substantial quantities of discarded end-of-life plastics are accumulating as debris in landfills and in natural habitats worldwide. Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts and represents one of the most dynamic areas in the plastics industry today. Recycling provides opportunities to reduce oil usage, carbon dioxide emissions and the quantities of waste requiring disposal. Here, we briefly set recycling into context against other waste-reduction strategies, namely reduction in material use through downgauging or product reuse, the use of alternative biodegradable materials and energy recovery as fuel. While plastics have been recycled since the 1970s, the quantities that are recycled vary geographically, according to plastic type and application. Recycling of packaging materials has seen rapid expansion over the last decades in a number of countries. Advances in technologies and systems for the collection, sorting and reprocessing of recyclable plastics are creating new opportunities for recycling, and with the combined actions of the public, industry and governments it may be possible to divert the majority of plastic waste from landfills to recycling over the next decades.
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Chaabane, Wassim, Abdallah Nassour, Sabine Bartnik, Agnes Bünemann, and Michael Nelles. "Shifting Towards Sustainable Tourism: Organizational and Financial Scenarios for Solid Waste Management in Tourism Destinations in Tunisia." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (June 29, 2019): 3591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133591.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tourism in Tunisia generates large amounts of solid waste, especially during the summer, and doubles the amount in most big tourism cities like Hammamet, which makes its management more complicated. Municipalities lack the financial means to ensure sustainable solid waste management (SWM) in tourist areas and need an intervention from all actors to reduce financial and technical pressures and implement sustainable solutions. This paper presents a descriptive research method that focuses on an analysis of the current SWM concept in tourism areas in Tunisia and proposes new sustainable organizational and financial models. These are based on the collaboration of different stakeholders at both national and local levels; and supported by extending the responsibility of the producer through the creation of a new system operator to take charge of the organization and financing of packaging disposal and recycling activities. In addition, the extension of the recovered material for recycling through extended producer responsibility (EPR) could support the system. The performance of current SWM shows that it has failed to ensure the cleanliness of tourism destinations is sustainable. Tunisia generates 2.8 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW), between 20% to 30% of which are recyclable materials. The current system for packaging in Tunisia (ECO-Lef) only collected 3400 tons in 2018 compared to 15,800 tons in 2010, and the total recycling rate in the country does not exceed 5%, which makes the waste management system inefficient and unsustainable. Proposed solutions should be supported by legal and technical interventions, such as waste prevention, minimization, sorting at source, and the provision of education programs for citizens and tourism establishments.
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Lubongo, Cesar, and Paschalis Alexandridis. "Assessment of Performance and Challenges in Use of Commercial Automated Sorting Technology for Plastic Waste." Recycling 7, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling7020011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recycling plastic is an important step towards a circular economy. Attaining high-quality recycled plastics requires the separation of plastic waste by type, color, and size prior to reprocessing. Automated technology is key for sorting plastic objects in medium- to high-volume plants. The current state of the art of commercial equipment for sorting plastic as well as challenges faced by Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) to sort post-consumer plastics are analyzed here. Equipment for sorting plastic recyclables were identified using publicly available information obtained from manufacturers’ websites, press releases, and journal articles. Currently available automated sorting equipment and artificial intelligence (AI)-based sorters are evaluated regarding their functionality, efficiency, types of plastics they can sort, throughput, and accuracy. The information compiled captures the progress made during the ten years since similar reports were published. A survey of MRFs, reclaimers, and brokers in the United States identified methods of sorting used for plastic, sorting efficiency, and current practices and challenges encountered at MRFs in sorting plastic recyclables. The commercial sorting equipment can address some of the challenges that MRFs face. However, sorting of film, multilayered, blended, or mixed-material plastics is problematic, as the equipment is typically designed to sort single-component materials. Accordingly, improvements and/or new solutions are considered necessary.
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Safranov, T. A., T. P. Shanina, and V. Yu Prykhodko. "Current state and possibilities for oversized municipal waste management in the regions of Ukraine." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 25 (July 16, 2020): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.25.2020.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human life and activities generate municipal solid waste (MSW) consisting of municipal household waste (residential waste), waste from commercial organizations, waste from public institutions and organizations, waste from industrial enterprises, waste from urban maintenance and improvement. A common feature for all these types of waste is the fact that a municipality is an institution responsible for organization, management of its disposal process. Such waste is generated in everyday life, across the food network, when carrying out repair and construction works, in the municipal transport and communication systems, etc. The aim of the work is to assess the current state and possibilities of oversized municipal waste management in the regions of Ukraine. In order to achieve this aim, the study of the existing regulatory documents and existing experience in the field of oversized municipal waste management was conducted. The work is based on the analysis of the published data, as well as on the materials of our own research. The implementation of the MSW management system implies creation of a municipal center for recycling secondary raw materials based on the modular quarterly principle. A recycling station with a mandatory module for oversized waste reception and sorting should become a main structural element of the recycling center. In addition, it is proposed to create separate sites for collecting the oversized waste. This has already been implemented in some cities of Ukraine. When differentiating SMW flows, due attention is not paid to the used cars that can contingently be attributed to oversized secondary raw materials. In Ukraine the existing recycling centers do not meet modern requirements. Due to the lack of necessary experience in handling the used cars, one should turn to foreign experience and focus on the requirements of the developed countries. According to international standards, the life of a car is 10 years with its subsequent utilization in such a way that prevents it from having a negative impact on the environment. Since, as of today, 27% of cars in Ukraine are older than 30 years, so in case of their mandatory utilization, the number of such cars will be approximately 2.5 million. With such total number of used cars each region of Ukraine will need to handle about 100 thousand recyclable cars. It is hardly possible to create the recycling centers in each region, so, at the first stage, it is advisable to organize such centers, for example, in each economic region or cluster. The creation of the oversized municipal waste management system in the regions of Ukraine will make it possible to turn the waste into useful products, to reduce the level of a negative environmental impact and to obtain not only ecological, but also socio-economic effects.
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Zhao, Chenyan, Tianyu Li, and Wenjun Li. "Mechanical Analysis of Ice-Composite and Fibber Strength by Daily Tools." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The analysis on mechanical properties of ice-composite focus on three aspects. The first is the novelty of the material. As an ice composite, the selection and placement of different fibres will have a crucial impact on the material and properties of the composite. Regarding the type of fibre,10 groups of controlled experiments are designed totally with materials commonly used in daily life, with three samples in each group and 33 samples in total. The fillers include cloth of socks, polyester fibre plastic bags (hard, soft, garbage sorting bags), pulp, hemp ropes, nylon ropes, non-woven fabrics, bamboo fibre, and the mask material applied in preventing COVID-19 specially. Considering that in most cases, the mask is a one-off, it is also creatively thought of using disinfected waste masks as reinforcement material for the ice-composite to reduce the waste of recyclable materials. Considering that disposable masks commonly used in this scheme usually consist of an inner and outer layer, as shown in the figure. The applicability of these two fibres was investigated by adding these materials prepared by the inner and outer layers of masks into the Ice-composite. In order to systematically study the influence of different variables on ice composites, different control groups in four directions are set: fibre type, fibre content, fibre length, and fibre orientation. For each control group, more than 2 types of materials were tested and relevant parameters were analysed according to the results. In addition, as a result of the experiment environment to room temperature, and in the process of operation, hands and other body parts contact could accelerate the melting of the ice, leading to the change of the sample properties. To conquer this problem, a blank control group which contains only ice at room temperature is set to make a comparison and provide a standard for determining the improvement of fibre added ice-composite. (The parameters measured in this sample will be used as correction factors in the experiment so that the real properties of the resulting ice composite can be measured.) Considering the influence of fibre orientation on material properties, an extra control group for the same kind of materials is set: one group is stirred evenly with the matrix, and the other group is placed vertically along the direction of the box. In terms of testing, the mechanical properties of the products are mainly tested, including Stiffness Properties, Elastic property. Three related physical properties, the elastic modulus E, the shear modulus G, and the Poisson’s ratio V, are measured to evaluate. Tensile and compressive strength in X, Y, and Z directions are also considered. In particular, different evaluation systems are established for uniform and multilayer unidirectional composite (longitudinal). In addition, a series of properties, such as bend strength, impact strength, and fracture toughness are measured. Considering the limits of daily measuring instruments, the melting of ice in the operation process affects the measurement of normal strain and the fact that the strain of ice composite material is relatively small, it is creatively thought to use a laser pointer and cosmetic mirror which are common in the multimedia classroom of the university campus to magnify the tiny deformation to facilitate measurement. In terms of the result presentation, it is tried to use broken line charts to show the correlation between various variables and material properties. Finally, the error sources existing in the experiment has been summarized and some improvement plans are proposed according to the existing problems of this experiment.
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Belal, H. M., and Sabrina Washiatul Ahda. "AUTO-SORTING WASTE DETECTION SYSTEM FOR SERVICE-ORIENTED WELL-BEING SOLUTION." Journal of Technology and Operations Management 13, Number 2 (December 25, 2018): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jtom2018.13.2.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Service-based value creation for well-being solution is an urgent requirement in business and social sustainability. Proper management of waste can help to ensure service-oriented value; thereby business and society can enjoy sustainability. From the macro perspective, it can be observed that waste is a phenomenal volume of mixed complex materials that can become useless output if one does not put into place a step of circular solution, which is recycle, reuse, and reduce (3R). However, before any of the 3R can be a success, waste must be sorted by separating them into organic vs. inorganic, and recyclablevs. unrecyclable to make the process of 3R more effective. Usually, most people are less aware or do not have enough knowledge regarding storage of their waste. This study proposes an effective and a prominent system to sort out and detect trash in an auto-waste sorting detection machine. The qualitative method will be conducted for data collection through semi-structured interviews with experts of solid waste management. This research can potentially help to improve the realization of the mandatory sourceseparation required by the Malaysian government and the implementation of Act 672 about waste separation at source and recycling in Malaysia.
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den Boer, Emilia, Kamil Banaszkiewicz, Jan den Boer, and Iwona Pasiecznik. "Energy Recovery from Waste—Closing the Municipal Loop." Energies 15, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031246.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Municipal waste management in the EU has been challenged to a thorough transformation towards a Circular Economy. It is addressed by a number of quantitative policy targets, including a restriction on municipal waste landfilling to 10% in 2035. This paper presents the data on municipal waste composition in a large Polish city, based on thorough waste sorting analyses. On average, 374 kg of municipal waste is collected per capita in Wroclaw, of which 41% are separately collected fractions. The approach to implement the EU recycling targets until 2035 is presented, including an increase of sorting and recycling efficiency and a significant share of recyclables being retrieved from the residual waste fraction. Notwithstanding the recycling targets, an important stream of residual waste remains, amounting to 200 k ton in 2020 and approx. 130 k ton in 2035, which is available for energy recovery. The respective LHV values range from 8.5 to 7.6 MJ/kg. The results indicate that the residual waste stream, after satisfying the recycling targets, is still suitable for energy recovery through the whole period until 2035. Moreover, it is a necessary step towards closing the materials cycling in the municipal sector and the only option so far to reduce landfilling sufficiently.
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Kostiuchenko, Lesia, Volodymyr Marchuk, and Oleg Harmash. "Development of recycling infrastructure in Ukraine." Electronic Scientific Journal Intellectualization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management #1 2020 9 (October 2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46783/smart-scm/2021-9-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, household waste occupies a large area of legal and illegal landfills, and existing recycling plants are not operating at full capacity due to lack of recyclables. Responsible waste management is a key issue for the entire recycling industry in Ukraine. The study of trends in the development of solid waste recycling infrastructure in developed countries is the basis for the formation of its own recycling system in Ukraine. This explains the fact that in a difficult environmental situation on a global scale, the issue of recycling is gaining priority today. Modern enterprises that provide services for the removal of household waste, their sorting and further processing today especially need the participation of the state to create market conditions for the development of a competitive environment. After all, in addition to the processing of waste into secondary raw materials, biogas extraction systems are installed at landfills in Ukraine and installations for electricity production are operated. So in parallel with solving the problem of pollution, we have an additional source of alternative energy. At the legislative level, the executive bodies of village, settlement and city councils have the right to address the issues of collection, transportation, utilization and disposal of household waste, setting tariffs for the service of household waste management, organization of separate collection of useful components of this waste. In order to create a proper system and build infrastructure for efficient waste management, it is important to unite local communities. In addition, it is critical to apply a systematic approach to the organization of the execution chain of all stages of recycling by forming the interaction of all infrastructure elements.
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De St. Jorre, Adrian Jorre. "Comparative Efficiency of Municipal Recycling Systems Based on Source Separated or Commingled Collection; with a Case Study of the City Gatineau." Inquiry@Queen's Undergraduate Research Conference Proceedings, February 5, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/iqurcp.8991.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the essential steps in an efficient municipal waste management system is organizing the collection and sorting of recyclable materials. Having businesses and residential homes sort their recyclables before collection or collecting all recyclables together and then sorting them at a central plant as well as some other pick up and sorting models each have advantages anddrawbacks. This paper will involve a review of relevant academic studies on the topic and a case study of the city of Gatineau, which has recently transitioned from source separated to comingled collection allowing for a comparison of the two systems.
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Calvini, Rosalba, Giorgia Orlandi, Giorgia Foca, and Alessandro Ulrici. "Development of a classification algorithm for efficient handling of multiple classes in sorting systems based on hyperspectral imaging." Journal of Spectral Imaging, December 18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jsi.2018.a13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When dealing with practical applications of hyperspectral imaging, the development of efficient, fast and flexible classification algorithms is of the utmost importance. Indeed, the optimal classification method should be able, in a reasonable time, to maximise the separation between the classes of interest and, at the same time, to correctly reject possible outlier samples. To this aim, a new extension of Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), namely Soft PLS-DA, has been implemented. The basic engine of Soft PLS-DA is the same as PLS-DA, but class assignment is subjected to some additional criteria which allow samples not belonging to the target classes to be identified and rejected. The proposed approach was tested on a real case study of plastic waste sorting based on near infrared hyperspectral imaging. Household plastic waste objects made of the six recyclable plastic polymers commonly used for packaging were collected and imaged using a hyperspectral camera mounted on an industrial sorting system. In addition, paper and not recyclable plastics were also considered as potential foreign materials that are commonly found in plastic waste. For classification purposes, the Soft PLS-DA algorithm was integrated into a hierarchical classification tree for the discrimination of the different plastic polymers. Furthermore, Soft PLS-DA was also coupled with sparse-based variable selection to identify the relevant variables involved in the classification and to speed up the sorting process. The tree- structured classification model was successfully validated both on a test set of representative spectra of each material for a quantitative evaluation, and at the pixel level on a set of hyperspectral images for a qualitative assessment.
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Kruta de Araújo, Nívia Cecília, Fernanda Cabegi de Barros, Cristiane Shinohara Moriguchi, and Tatiana de Oliveira Sato. "Comparison of two methods of sorting recyclable materials on posture among trash sorters in Brazil: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, October 20, 2019, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2019.1663663.
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Kim, Daegi, Sangyub Lee, Minsoo Park, Kwanyong Lee, and Do-Yong Kim. "Designing of reverse vending machine to improve its sorting efficiency for recyclable materials for its application in convenience stores." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, July 15, 2021, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2021.1939811.
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Saareväli, Aarne. "Landfill mining : potential source for maintenance-free construction materials?" Linnaeus Eco-Tech, January 30, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2014.008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the use of plastic products is very widespread, reuse of the plastic waste represents a huge challenge. Plastic packaging (e.g. thin plastic bags, foil, foodwrappings) and other plastic waste (pallets, garden furniture, buckets, sport and hobby equipment, car bumpers, canisters, pipes, bobbins, computer and TV cases, plastic refrigerator details, etc.) form the most problematic and continuously growing type of waste, that according to common solutions can be mainly landfilled, or incinerated.Initial sorting of waste and subsequent recycling of single-type plastics into uniform mass, granules or new products are the generally preferred solutions for recycling plastic. Recycling is normally performed based on one specific type of plastic, e.g. LDPE, HDPE, PS, PP or PET, in the course of which the sorted plastic waste is washed, shredded, dried and granulated. The biggest problem with mixed plastics is posed by the fact that polymers of different types are immiscible because of their different molecular weights and long polymer chains. Heating the polymers is not sufficient for decomposing polymer molecules; therefore, the polymers to be recovered must typically have identical compositions to achieve effective mixing. When plastics of different types are simultaneously melted together, they usually do not mix – like oil and water – and will form layers. Low-grade mixed dirty plastic is typically rejected from recycling. Rexest Grupp Ltd, however, has developed a technology for recycling mixed plastic waste.In this study it has been discovered that mixed plastic waste that was landfilled for over a decade did not differentiate from the fresh mixed plastic, neither had the landfilled plastic lost its polymeric properties. Landfilled plastic needs only to be separated from other materials (eg textile, paper) and soil. After mechanical separation, recycling technologies that are able to use of mixed plastic waste, were as also able to handle mixed landfill plastic.Experiments demonstrate that construction materials and products like decking boards, noise barriers, garden furniture etc. could therefore be produced also from landfilled plastic waste, turning this waste into the maintenance free products that are also recyclable after decades of use. Taking into account vast number of landfills that contain plastic waste it raises question whether turning these materials into recyclable construction materials could form a new challenge and possibility to support the environment, and lower the need for the usage of new resources.
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"On the question of the structure of collection, sorting and transportation of recyclable materials in the trend of transition to a circular economy." Economics and Environmental Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17586/2310-1172-2021-14-3-75-85.
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Camarillo, Mary E. C., and Luzvisminda M. Bellotindos. "A Study of Policy Implementation and Community Participation in the Municipal Solid Waste Management in the Philippines." Applied Environmental Research, February 2, 2021, 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35762/aer.2021.43.2.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become one of the most pressing environmental concerns of the Philippines at present. Several measures have been implemented to circumvent this issue, including waste management policies stipulated in the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001. However, the implementation of these policies even at the barangay level has always been a challenge. Hence, this study assessed the compliance of selected barangays in Cebu City, Philippines, specifically to the integrated solid waste management plan based on the 3R’s (reduce, reuse, and recycle). A descriptive quantitative method was utilized in this study. There were 1523 residents and 30 Barangay Environment Officials identified as respondents based on Slovin’s sampling method at a 95% confidence level. The results revealed that there is less extent of compliance in almost all of the SWM policies such as segregation, composting, recycling, incentives, and public information. There is a moderate extent of compliance in terms of collection and transport of solid waste and enforcement of penalties and fines. However, there is non-compliance in terms of facilities for final disposal. Furthermore, the results suggested that effective measures for recycling and composting should be undertaken to encourage higher participation among residents of the barangay. The presence of effective, functional, and marketable materials resource facilities and convenient drop-off locations for recyclable materials ensure final sorting according to its type for composting and recycling.
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"Composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste as an alternative to the uncontrolled disposal: The case of Kalamata Municipality (Greece)." Global NEST: the international Journal, February 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30955/gnj.003486.
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<p>Kalamata’s decentralized waste management and composting scheme is a successful demonstration of the capacity of a municipality to manage its Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) by adopting methodologies that can be supported by small scale mobile equipment. According to the revised legislation, Join Ministerial Decision (JMD) 51373/4684/2015, each municipality in Greece should organize a regional decentralized waste management plan to comply with the National and EU Legislation. In Kalamata, a mobile Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) unit is in operation which consists of a sorting facility in which recyclable materials are recovered from mixed wastes and a composting facility where the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes (OFMSW) is treated into closed aerated windrows. This paper attempts to analyze the characteristics of the applied methodology as well as to set a framework for the optimal treatment of the OFMSW in small decentralised units. Several trials have been performed to optimise the effectiveness of different composting practices for OFMSW. Desirable temperature values for degradation (over 50°C), were achieved during the composting process, while oxygen content was kept between 15-20%. Heavy metals were presented in all the samples analyzed, with concentration levels below the limits set by National Legislation. The values of the physicochemical parameters monitored in this study did not exceed the maximum permissible as well.</p>
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Ángeles-Hurtado, L. A., Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz, Sebastián Salazar-Colores, Hugo Torres-Salinas, and P. Y. Sevilla-Camacho. "Viable Disposal of Post-Consumer Polymers in Mexico: A Review." Frontiers in Environmental Science 9 (September 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.749775.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Post-consumer polymers require viable actions to transfer value to the final consumer to reduce environmental impact. Worldwide, initiatives are being developed to promote the culture of recycling and thus reduce waste generation. These initiatives seek to make the work of thousands of people visible, encourage job creation, and promote businesses through incentive schemes for effective separation, collection, classification, reuse, and recycling, in the hands of consumers, collectors, and scavenges. It is necessary to emphasize that Mexico needs to develop techniques to increase the productivity of collection centers for recyclable materials and to face the challenges that recycling implies. For these reasons, the Mexican government has spoken of waste management as a national priority due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which increased urban solid waste between 3.3 % and 16.5 % in addition to what was generated under normal conditions. Also, the recycling chain provides economic income to more than 35 thousand Mexicans. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is an example of the most notable circular economy in Mexico because 60 % of PET bottles are recycled. Therefore, this article addresses the methods and systems in the management of urban solid waste. It focuses on post-consumer recycled plastic bottles to provide an overview of cost-effective strategies for designing and developing an affordable sorting system in Mexico from the academic field. In addition, to simplify the solution that we propose, it is recommended to combine optical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy with others methods that work together, such as computer vision, to develop affordable systems that address the limitations of mechanical systems.
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Luthra, Aman. "Housewives and maids: The labor of household recycling in urban India." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, March 23, 2020, 251484862091421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848620914219.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sorting waste at-source (or household recycling) helps optimize the efficiency of waste management systems and safeguard the health of waste handlers. Recently, segregation of waste has become an urgent policy imperative that has been written into national waste management policies in India. While urban Indian households have had a long-standing tradition of segregating and selling high-value recyclables to actors in the informal sector, in contemporary policy discourse, women are constructed as recalcitrant urban subjects who need to be disciplined in accordance with the new mandates of waste segregation. This paper locates these processes of subject formation within the changing political economy of waste. Waste sorting is a labor-intensive process, and certain waste management technologies require presorted materials. In addition, presorted recyclables also offer up a source of revenue for waste management service providers. Beyond seeing the need for source segregation simply in abstract environmental and public health interests, this paper argues for contextualizing this imperative within the ongoing processes of privatization and mechanization of waste management systems. These processes dispossess informal waste collectors from their means of subsistence while relying on the unpaid labor of certain women, thus reproducing gender, class, and caste relations.