Дисертації з теми "Récupération d’énergie piézoélectrique"
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Salamon, Natalia. "Développement de systèmes de récupération d’énergie thermique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI011/document.
The goal of the present work was to design and fabricate a fully silicon oscillating device that converts thermal energy into electricity, applying phenomena of liquid to gas phase-change and piezoelectricity. It should be characterized by simplicity of construction, small size, and ease of manufacture. The diameter should not exceed 2 cm, while the thickness should be within 2 mm.The device was composed of three Si wafers comprising evaporation and condensing chambers, and the channel connecting these two elements. A PZT-based transducer mounted on top of the structure was applied to ensure energy conversion.The design process included the establishment of the device geometry, the type of the working fluid enclosed inside the system, a type, size and assembly technique of a piezoelectric element, as well as a bonding method of several silicon elements of the device.The practical realization of the designed prototypes was aimed at selecting the most suitable technological processes for structure fabrication. All the experiments had been performed in a clean room environment and employed wet oxidation, photolithography, a well-known, easily available wet chemical etching in KOH solution, and a silicon bonding technique with the use of SU-8 photoresist as an intermediate layer. Additionally, during the practical work a few tools have been designed and developed to enhance the device fabrication, amongst which a vacuum pump dedicated to bond the three silicon wafers as structural elements of the prototypesThe fabricated prototypes were tested in terms of oscillation mechanism and electrical properties. The influence of the filling ratio and the hot temperature value on the generated signal was established. Additionally, the power range of the prototypes has been evaluated. In the last part of the study, optimization steps for the devices developed in the present work have been proposed
Gusarov, Boris. "PVDF polymères piézoélectriques : caractérisation et application pour la récupération d’énergie thermique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT091/document.
This work deals with the characterization of piezoelectric polymers PVDF and its composites with shape memory alloys, for thermal energy harvesting applications. First, we discuss current advancements on energy harvesting technologies as well as their economical interests. Typical values of energy that can be generated are given together with energies typically needed for applications.Particular attention is given to the functioning principles of pyroelectric and piezoelectric materials. PVDF and shape memory alloy NiTiCu are also introduced.Custom characterization techniques are introduced to characterize PVDF piezoelectric properties relevant to generator applications and to evaluate its suitability for thermal energy harvesting. Since PVDF is a very flexible material, four-point bending, tube bending and a tensile machine experiments are used to study its piezoelectric response in quasi-static mode, as well as changes in piezoelectric properties with increased strain. Self-discharge measurements under various applied electric fields, temperatures and strains are performed to study the stability of material.A concept of composite energy harvesting, utilizing two materials of different families, is introduced. Here, we propose the coupling of piezo-/pyroelectric material and shape memory alloy. The pure pyroelectric voltage is combined with generated piezoelectric voltage, induced by shape memory alloy transformation, to increase the total energy generated by the system during heating. The proof of concept is shown first for ceramic PZT-based semi-flexible material and then for fully flexible PVDF.Finally, a power management circuit was designed and integrated with the PVDF energy harvester. High generated voltage peaks at heating are lowered by a two-step buck converter to a useful stable output voltage. Output energy are used to power a wireless emission card. Thus, a complete power generation chain from temperature variations to data emission is presented.The results of this work concern a wide range of applications, especially modern autonomous wireless sensors and Internet of Things objects, with low profile, high mechanical flexibility and low maintenance costs
Gusarova, Elena. "Dispositifs souples pour la récupération d’énergie à base de matériaux organiques piezoélectriques P(VDF-TrFE) imprimés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT139/document.
This work aims to study innovative solutions for energy harvesting applicable toautonomous wireless sensors for IoT (Internet of Things). It is focused on flexiblepiezoelectric composite materials and a multi-physical approach. The objective is to harvestenergy via strain-induced phenomena from both mechanical and thermal sources, andparticularly sources neglected so far (slow and low). The main idea is the hybridization ofdifferent functional materials with the core of the system being screen printed piezo/pyroelectricmicrogenerators, mandatory to generate electrical charges. The originality of thiswork is to realize large area flexible energy harvesting systems by using ink-basedpiezoelectric copolymers of polyvinylidene fluoride P(VDF-TrFE). This material is veryflexible and durable which makes it attractive for applications in systems with complexshapes. Another benefit of P(VDF-TrFE) is that it does not need to be pre-stretched as PVDFand it is now available in inks for printable electronics which can simplify and reduce theprice of the fabrication process.We first describe the fabrication process of the screen printed P(VDF-TrFE)microgenerators, followed by ferroelectric and piezoelectric characterizations. For thispurpose we have developed optimized methods in open-circuit conditions adapted for flexiblesystems tested and validated on commercial bulk PVDF. The last step was to realize a lowprofile thermal flexible energy harvester prototype (no radiator). It was done by hybridizationof the fabricated microgenerators and foils of shape memory NiTi-based alloy, which is afunctional material sensitive to a given temperature threshold.The key outcomes of this work are: 1) the successful deposition of multilayers ofP(VDF-TrFE) and organic PEDOT:PSS electrode, 2) dielectric, ferroelectric and directpiezoelectric constants reported as a function of film thickness, and 3) the g31 direct voltagecoefficient, measured for the first time, and showing the record value of 0.15 V·m/N. Also,we have demonstrated that in open-circuit conditions, the microgenerators can produce auseful strain-induced voltage of 10 V with an energy density close to 500 μJ/cm3, these valuesbeing limited by the experimental set-up.The concept of thermal energy harvesting composite based on thin film screen printedP(VDF-TrFE) microgenerators was realized and demonstrated to be effective. We concludewith a functional prototype of flexible energy harvester, able to detect non-continuous slowthermal events and producing 37 V (corresponding to 95 μJ) at 65 ºC
Clementi, Giacomo. "LiNbO3 films : intégration pour la récupération de l'énergie piézoélectrique et pyroélectrique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD057.
This thesis is a part of the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network (ITN) ENHANCE project (Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters for Self-Powered Automotive Sensors: from Advanced Lead-Free Materials to Smart Systems), which is related to energy harvesting for automotive applications, specifically for vibrational and thermal harvesting for self-powered sensors. In this thesis, we investigated lead-free LiNbO3 piezoelectric material as transducer for energy harvesting applications, with special focus regarding its optimized material properties and electronic interface.We explored all the possible routes of micro-fabrication for LiNbO3 films, with top-down or bottom-up approaches, in order to achieve high quality LiNbO3 films. We presented both PIMOCVD films which can be grown textured on silicon substrates, and thick films from single crystal LiNbO3 Au-Au bonded to silicon or metal. We optimized the coupling and electro-mechanical properties of the LiNbO3 transducers by finite element simulations and orientation study. Eventually, we demonstrated experimentally that LiNbO3 (YXl)/128° is the best orientation for vibrational energy harvesting applications. Finally, we attained a normalized power density of 371.2 µW.cm^-3.g^-2.Hz^-1 by using the proposed composite structure vibrating at resonance frequency, that is among best values even compared to lead-based (and other lead-free) materials commercially available.Furthermore, we fulfilled the objective to provide rectified output voltage in 1-3 V range from Pb-free harvesters, achieving for systems of compact dimensions (< 1 cm^3), a piezoelectric figure of merit of 26.6 GJ/m^3 with considerable mechanical quality factor (> 100), and operational frequencies in the range of 10-500 Hz available in vehicles
Belhora, Fouad. "Couplage multiphysique à l’aide d’électret application à la récupération d’énergie." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0141/document.
In the last decades, direct energy conversion devices for medium and low grades waste heat have received significant attention due to the necessity to develop more energy efficient engineering systems. A great deal of research has in recent years been carried out on harvesting energy using piezoelectric, electrostatic, electromagnetic , and thermoelectric ,transduction, with the aim of harvesting enough energy to enable data transmission. For this purpose, piezoelectric elements have been extensively used in the past; however they present high rigidity and limited mechanical strain abilities as well as delicate manufacturing process for complex shapes, making them unsuitable in many applications. Thus, recent trends in both industrial and research fields have focused on electrostrictive polymers for electromechanical energy conversion. This interest is explained by many advantages such as high productivity, flexibility, and processability. Hence, electrostrictive polymer films are much more suitable for energy harvesting devices requiring high flexibilities, such as systems in smart textiles and mobile or autonomous devices. Electrostrictive polymers can also be obtained in many different shapes and over large surfaces. . In the last years, electrostrictive polymers have been investigated as electroactive materials for energy harvesting. However for scavenging energy a static field is necessary, since this material is isotope, there is no permanent polarization compare to piezoelectric material. A solution for avoid this problem; concern the hybridization of electrostrictive polymer with electret. Finally, the implementation of electrostrictive materials is much simpler for small-scale systems (MEMS). Hence, several studies have analyzed the energy conversion performance of electrostrictive polymers, both in terms of actuation and energy harvesting
Mousselmal, Hadj Daoud. "Conception de dispositifs piézoélectriques de récupération d’énergie utilisant des structures multidirectionnelles et nanostructurés." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0124.
This thesis work focuses on the development of new piezoelectric energy recovery systems from environmental mechanical vibration. The goal is to provide solutions to some strong constraints on the miniaturization of these systems, their integration in MEMS technology. The 2 major lines followed in this work are: (i) the nanostructuring by porosification silicon substrate. This method allows to create functionalized areas having local properties of density and lower rigidity than those of the silicon substrate. This allows on the one hand to improve the overall electromechanical coupling coefficient of the structure and, secondly, to maintain the resonant frequency of the operational mode in a low frequency range (< 1KHz) compatible with the spectrum of Many conventional vibratory sources. A series of finite element modeling of a type converter (beam with seismic mass) established the optimum dimensional parameters of nanostructured area. The effectiveness of this localized nanostructuring method was then evaluated experimentally on silicon membranes. It was observed a reduction of the resonance frequency of the fundamental mode, while minimizing losses by a judicious choice of the location and the width of the porous zone. (Ii) The development of recovery devices multidirectional sensitivity. These devices allow to recover energy regardless of the direction of the external load. They use 3 different eigenmodes bending each solicited by a particular component (ax, ay and az) vector solicitation characteristic acceleration. These devices based on a planar structure type double orthogonal beams with central seismic mass can be easily integrated and can be broken down to centimeter scale at the millimeter scale using in this case the MEMS technologies. A simple analytical model was first updated energy mechanisms that enable a constant amount of energy when the device is subjected to a bias vector in any direction. The optimization of the electromechanical coupling coefficient of each functional mode, and the adjustment of their resonance frequency were obtained using a finite element model. All these theoretical results has been experimentally validated using centimeter prototypes
Diab, Daher. "Capteur acoustique sphérique autonome : étude du dispositif de récupération d'énergie vibratoire." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0037/document.
A new spherical autonomous acoustic sensor is proposed. It is intended to be immersed in a liquid or pasty medium to measure some physical properties of the medium and should harvest ambient energy to ensure its autonomy. The sensor is composed of two Plexiglas half-spherical shells and a PZ26 piezoelectric ring clamped between the two shells. This structure can be used as well as in exciter or sensor. A simulation model of vibrational energy harvesting has been developed considering only two modes of vibration: thickness and radial modes. For each mode, the ring behavior is described by an equivalent electromechanical circuit connecting the mechanical ports (forces and velocities) to the electrical port (voltage and current). This choice is guided by the possibility to combine the electromechanical part with the electronics that process the energy directly in a Spice based simulator. To validate this approach, a finite elements simulation was realized and compared to the electromechanical circuit results. Resonance frequencies were also verified experimentally with an impedance analyzer. All these verifications give results in very good agreement with the proposed electromechanical model, as well as in terms of resonant frequencies, harvested voltage and power. Finally several experimental investigations are presented with a prototype of spherical sensor. These validations show the adequacy of the predictions with the experimental results. Finally, a test of the harvesting circuit is done in real situation
Lafarge, Barbara. "Modélisation, simulation et mise en œuvre d'un système de récupération d'énergie : application à un amortisseur semi-actif autonome." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0023/document.
This work is devoted to the study and the development of energy harvesters integrated in an automobile suspension, for example to supply either a microcontroller or sensors, or to perform an health check of parts or render semi-active the shock absorber within a suspension of an autonomous vehicle according to the level of energy available. Given the types of displacement available in the suspension, it is natural to move towards electromagnetic techniques for energy recovery related to large displacements and to piezoelectric techniques for vibrations. However, the use of such systems is complex and a number of technical issues need to be addressed to implement them. First, a perfect knowledge of piezoelectric and electromagnetic conversion techniques is required. To this end, the Bond Graph language is used and successfully applied to the entire suspension system as well as energy harvesters because of its ability to translate physical effects and energy exchanges into multiphysics systems. Furthermore, simulation / experiment confrontations are carried out in the laboratory on each of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvesters, to ensure the proper functioning of these systems during their integration into a real vehicle. Thus, defects of different nature such as the magnetic force deforming the translation movement of the damper, the poor conduction of the magnetic field lines or the damage of the piezoelectric material during repeated tests, are analyzed in the first demonstrators in order to be corrected. Finally, a global model of automobile suspension simultaneously integrating the two subsystems of energy recovery is studied. To complete this analysis, a modeling of the circuit of restitution and energy storage is also proposed and allows a qualitative and quantitative study of the performances of piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy recovery systems. The results from these models are used to design energy recovery systems that best fit the automotive field. To conclude, road tests with the piezoelectric energy harvesters demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the techniques developed
Ben, Achour Mohamed Aymen. "Etude des propriétés piézoélectriques du polymère biosourcé PLA pour la récupération d'énergie vibratoire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPHF0025.
The potentiality of PLA films produced by extrusion and uniaxial stretching by MDO of industrial grades has been investigated for the energy harvesting by piezoelectric transformation. A piezoelectric coefficient characterization technique suitable for polymer films was tested and validated on a commercial PVDF piezoelectric film. It was then used to evaluate the d14 coefficient of PLA films. A study on the effect of structural parameters of the PLAs on their piezoelectric behaviour was carried out. An energy recovery test bench based on the application of dynamic tensile strains was used to assess the capability of PLAs to convert mechanical vibrations into electrical energy. A comparison with commercial PVDF was carried out. An equivalent electro-mechanical model was developed and made it possible to describe the evolution of power as a function of mechanical stress conditions for different grades of PLA as well as for PVDF. This model, was used to predict the effect of the variation of the various intrinsic parameters (mechanical and piezoelectric qualities of polymers) and extrinsic (characteristics of the vibratory source and electrical impedance matching). Finally, for future applications, we evaluated the potentiality of PLA (in film or textile form) for applications as a dynamic deformation, dynamic force and shock sensor and also for ultrasonic emission and reception
Maaroufi, Seifeddine. "Conception et réalisation d’un banc pour l’étude de fiabilité des micros dispositifs piézoélectriques de récupération d’énergie dédiés aux implants cardiaques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS187/document.
Within the framework of this PhD we present the design and realization of a bench dedicated to the study of the reliability of piezoelectric structures and more precisely micro-devices of energy harvesting for the new generation of active and autonomous medical implants. The structures studied are in the form of a free-clamped piezoelectric bimorph having a seismic mass at their tip. A good understanding of the aging of the materials and of the mechanical and electrical failure modes is essential for this type of system where the life of the patient implanted by this device is directly involved. To study the reliability and durability of the active part of the harvester, we propose to establish a new accelerated aging methodology via a dedicated test bench where the environment and stimuli can be controlled accurately over a large period of time. An electromechanical characterization of the structures is periodically carried out by the extraction of a series of indicators (blocking force, stiffness, tension in harmonic regime) within the bench throughout the aging process. Therefore it is possible to identify the different potential failure modes and to study their impact on the proper functioning of the system
Sridi, Mohamed. "Développement d'un système d'alimentation d'un noeud de capteur sans fils à partir d'un récupérateur piézoélectrique pour des applications dans l'automobile." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6732.
Huet, Florian. "Développement de structures hybrides électromécaniques pour micro-sources d'énergie : générateurs piézoélectriques linéaires et non linéaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA029/document.
The implementation of wireless sensor nodes in industrial installations, transport or building is a potential route to increase the performances of these systems.By a proper supervision and exploitation of the collected information (temperature, vibratory level, humidity, etc.) the reliability and the energy performances can be increased. With the regular reduction of the power requirements for new generations of wireless sensors nodes, a strong scientific interest to develop autonomous power supply has raised.In this framework, a specific research topic appeared about ten years ago: ambient energy harvesting.The present work investigates the performances of an original micro-generator architecture for vibration energy harvesting: the “Hybrid Fluid Diaphragm” (HFD).The concept of HFD consists in encapsulating an incompressible fluid between two flexible membranes. The fluid behaves as an inertial mass which leads to a resonant frequency suitable for ambient vibrations whose spectrum is usually lower than a few hundred Hertz.These membranes are made of P(VDF-TrFE), a piezoelectric polymer, and are designed to ensure the optimal conversion of the mechanical solicitations (flexion/stretch) into electrical energy.A multiphysic modeling which integrates the fluid, the mechanical and the electric coupled behaviors is proposed.The realization and the characterization of two HFD's generators are detailed.A first prototype implements single layer piezoelectric membranes, whereas a second one uses optimized double layer membranes.The generated power appears to be sufficient to consider the power supply of wireless sensor nodes operating in intermittent transmitting mode. The very simple geometry of the proposed generators is favorable to their integration in realistic applications
Mamouri, Lakhdar. "Architecture mixte pour le suivi du point de puissance maximal d'un système de récupération d'énergie piézoélectrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAD065.
The rise of the Internet of Things leads to an increase in interconnected objects, but their power supply poses a challenge. Conventional batteries, limited and not long-lasting, have environmental implications. Environmental energy harvesting, specifically vibrational energy through piezoelectricity, emerges as a solution. This thesis focuses on MPPT algorithms to optimize this energy conversion, considering fluctuations in vibrational sources. An optimized system model reduces simulation resources, and an enhanced FOCV approach decreases components. Experimental results validate the model's accuracy, while a new algorithm, AFOCV, demonstrates remarkable efficiency, even at low voltage, significantly enhancing piezoelectric system performance
Hinchet, Ronan. "Electromechanical study of semiconductor piezoelectric nanowires. Application to mechanical sensors and energy harvesters." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT013/document.
Smart systems are the combined result of different advances in microelectronics leading to an increase in computing power, lower energy consumption, the addition of new features, means of communication and especially its integration and application into our daily lives. The evolution of the field of smart systems is promising, and the expectations are high in many fields: Industry, transport, infrastructure and environment monitoring as well as housing, consumer electronics, health care services but also defense and space applications. Nowadays, the integration of more and more functions in smart systems is leading to a looming energy issue where the autonomy of such smart systems is beginning to be the main issue. Therefore there is a growing need for autonomous sensors and power sources. Developing energy harvesters and self-powered sensors is one way to address this energy issue. Among the technologies studied, piezoelectricity has the advantage to be compatible with the MEMS industry, it generates high voltages and it has a high direct coupling between the mechanic and electric physics. Among the piezoelectric materials, semiconductor piezoelectric nanowires (NWs) could be a promising option as they exhibit improved piezoelectric properties and higher maximum flexion.Among the different piezoelectric NWs, ZnO and GaN NWs are the most studied, their piezoelectric properties are more than doubled at the nanoscale. They have the advantage of being IC compatible and reasonably synthesizable by top-down and bottom-up approaches. Especially we studied the hydrothermal growth of ZnO NWs. In order to use them we studied the behavior of ZnO NWs. We performed analytical study and FEM simulations of a ZnO NW under bending. This study explains the piezoelectric potential distribution as a function of the force and is used to extract the scaling rules. We have also developed mechanical AFM characterization of the young modulus of ZnO and GaN NWs. Following we perform piezoelectric AFM characterization of these NWs, verifying the behavior under bending stresses. Once physics understood, we discuss limitation of our piezoelectric NWs models and a more realistic model is developed, closer to the experimental configurations. Using this model we evaluated the use of ZnO NW for force and displacement sensors by measuring the potential generated, and from experiments, the use of GaN NW for force sensor by measuring the current through the NW. But energy harvesting is also necessary to address the energy issue and we deeper investigate this solution. To fully understand the problematic we study the state of the art of nanogenerator (NG) and their potential architectures. We analyze their advantages and disadvantages in order to define a reference NG structure. After analytical study of this structure giving the basis for a deeper understanding of its operation and challenges, FEM simulations are used to define optimization routes for a NG working in compression or in bending. The fabrication of prototypes and theirs preliminary characterization is finally presented
Lopez, garcia Andres Jenaro. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés piézoélectriques de nanofils de ZnO et de nanocomposites associés en vue d’une application à la conversion d’énergie mécanique à électrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALT043.
With the increasing development of wireless networks of low-power sensors for the so-called internet-of-things, there is a need for efficient ways to ensure the energetic autonomy of sensing nodes. Among the various energy harvesting solutions, converting the abundant mechanical energy present in the environment into electrical energy is very promising. In this emerging field of research, ZnO nanowires (NWs) have been strongly studied during these last two decades, both as such, and integrated into nanocomposite materials. At the nanoscale, they feature improved electromechanical properties compared to bulk, as well as easy integration and manufacturing, on both rigid and flexibles substrates. However, some intriguing discrepancies between the experimental and simulation results available at the beginning of this PhD highlighted the need for a better understanding of the piezoelectric operation of NW-based composites, especially for what concerns two important aspects which had been poorly addressed so far: the coupling between piezoelectric and semi-conducting properties in simulations, and the dependence of electromechanical properties with ZnO NW growth method or with NW surrounding environment in experiments.From the theoretical point of view, this Ph.D. thesis studies the coupling of piezoelectric and semiconducting properties in ZnO NWs and related nanocomposites and provides optimization guidelines for mechanical to electrical transducing applications. It investigates the influence of doping level, free carrier density, interface traps and geometrical parameters on electromechanical parameters. Simulations of ZnO NW-based nanocomposites under mechanical compression were performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Experimentally, several atomic force microscopy (AFM) modes, such as piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and conducting atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) were used, in order to probe locally electrical and electromechanical parameters which play a key role in the efficiency of the piezoelectric response of ZnO NWs. Our results showed that doping level, free carriers and surface traps, as well as traps dynamics, must be considered in order to explain the amplitude and the potential asymmetry of the electromechanical response, or the influence that geometry has on it. They demonstrate that semiconducting properties should be taken into account for the analysis of experimental results and for the correct design of electromechanical self-powered devices based on ZnO NWs and nanocomposites
Dufay, Thibault. "Etude de couches minces piézoélectriques flexibles pour la récupération d’énergie vibratoire." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4048/document.
New methods for energy generation based on the ambient energy harvesting are required for autonomous sensors development and their applications in the “smartcities”. In this context, N-air-J project aims to realize micro-generators based on flexible piezoelectric films, able to harvest energy from the breeze. The work presented in this thesis is about the deposition of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin layer on aluminium thin foil. Structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric characterizations were realized. The generator optimization is focused on the PZT transfer from aluminium to polymer substrate. The technological process has been developed for the transfer. The use of an insulating and elastic substrate is very interesting for the realization of an interdigitated (IDE) electrode configuration. Energy harvesting properties of the two configurations, PZT/Al and PZT/polymer, were tested. Energy densities were found similar to those of more rigid structures presented in the literature. The use of the IDE confirms its great interest by delivering a voltage of several tens of volts.An analytical model was developed to study the behaviour of the piezoelectric beam used in this work. Experimental studies quantify the influence of air friction on the beam vibratory behaviour. Fluid-structure interaction simulation has demonstrated the possibility for improving the deformations of several beams in a generators network
Morassi, Martina. "Croissance de nanofils InGaN pour les dispositifs de récupération d’énergie photovoltaïques et piézoélectriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS249.
III-nitride materials are excellent semiconductors presenting several interesting properties for photovoltaic and piezoelectric applications. At the same time, the epitaxial growth of these materials in the form of nanowires (NW) is even more interesting, because binary and heterostructured III-N NWs have a higher crystalline quality compared to the 2D and bulk counterparts. In these contexts, this work focuses on the plasma-assisted MBE (PA-MBE) growth of InGaN / GaN NWs and their characterization. Three main topics are addressed: the growth of axial InGaN heterostructures by PA-MBE, their optical characterization, and the study of the selective area growth (SAG) of GaN NWs on transferred graphene. These studies allowed me to obtain a rational control on the growth mode of InGaN heterostructures in a wide range of In contents (up to ~ 40%) and morphologies, to study their axial band edge profile, useful for the optimal design of the photovoltaic structure, and to demonstrate for the first time in the literature, that the SAG of GaN NWs on patterned mono-layer graphene is a possible and very promising strategy to improve their homogeneity. Also, preliminary tests have shown that the piezoelectric conversion capacity of GaN NWs can be improved by about 35% when integrating an In-rich InGaN insertion into their volume.All these results constitute a decisive step in the control and the comprehension of the properties of these nanostructures, and establish very encouraging perspectives for their integration in novel and efficient photovoltaic and piezoelectric nano-generators
Talbourdet, Anaëlle. "Structures textiles piézoélectriques à base de PVDF pour la conversion d’énergie mécanique en énergie électrique." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I067.
This study is part of the Autonotex project and aims to develop a connected and autonomous energy textile. The textile is intended for the manufacture of medical sheets monitoring patients and professional underwear. The main objective is to overcome the traditional batteries in smart textiles and develop a textile that will use the movements of the human body as a battery to power sensors placed strategically on clothing. To meet this challenge, the Autonotex project is focused in part on the development of new piezoelectric fibers. These materials generate a high electrical potential when subjected to mechanical stresses. In this new context, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer can be used to produce multi-filaments by melt spinning process. This polymer is known for its piezoelectric property linked its crystalline forms. The first issue of the PhD subject is to optimize this phase during the process of production of the filaments. Subsequently, two strategies were considered. In a first case, the 100% PVDF filaments are used for the production of textile fabrics which, once instrumented by electrodes, generate an electrical output voltage. A first prototype of a piezoelectric fabric coupled to electrodes by 3D-printing allows checking the feasibility of the plan. The second strategy was to develop a tri-component filament formed by the piezoelectric polymer and two layers of conducting polymer composites acting as external/internal electrodes
Deterre, Martin. "Toward an energy harvester for leadless pacemakers." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868838.
Boughaleb, Jihane. "Développement et intégration d'un récupérateur d’énergie thermique à base de bilames thermiques et de matériaux piézoélectriques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI114/document.
The development of energy harvesting systems is linked to the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) more specifically to the proliferation of Wireless Sensor Networks that should respond to the growing needs for monitoring data in domains as diverse as the industry, the urban environments, the home or even the human body. Recent progress in the CMOS technology have enabled to remove some of the technical obstacles to the deployment of these smart and autonomous devices, specifically thanks to the improvements of the performances of microelectronic components, the design of ultra-low-power circuits and even the creation of wireless communication standards well adapted to the needs of wireless sensors. Given the availability of ambient energy sources like mechanical, thermal, light etc., energy harvesters are becoming reliable alternatives to batteries in order to extend the autonomy of these sensors. Consequently, various technologies of generators have been developed to harvest different kind of energies in function of their availability. The present work is a contribution to the development of a thermal energy harvester based on bimetallic strips heat engine and piezoelectric membranes. This type of technology developed by STMicroelectronics is intended to be a low cost alternative to thermoelectric generators exploiting the seebeck effect to convert heat into electricity. Based on this working principle, many harvesters both at the micro and macro scale have been fabricated. This thesis deals with the development of macroscopic energy harvesters whose first proofs of concept were established in a previous thesis. An important part of this manuscript deals with the thermal optimization of this energy harvester both in static and dynamic modes. Once the thermal properties improved, various piezoelectric materials were tested and compared to find the most adapted ones to our application and the same work is realized to choose the best device’s architecture. The integration of the energy harvester is then realized and wireless sensor node applications are demonstrated using various communication protocols and sensors. SPICE modeling of the system is also made and coupled with simulations of power management circuits developed by CEA’s design team. Finally, alternative ways to exploit wasted heat and vibrations are proposed through the development of piezoelectric bimetals and dual energy harvesters able to harvest thermal energy and mechanical energy at the same time: piezoelectric bimetals are realized either by direct deposition of piezoelectric composites or piezoelectric thin films onto bimetals. In the case of the dual energy harvester, piezoelectric cantilever beams were designed and simulated to vibrate at low frequencies (between 50Hz and 125Hz)
Wague, Baba. "Matériaux sans plomb micro structurés pour la récupération d'énergie." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC003/document.
With the development of ultra-low-power integrated circuits, the need to reduce operating costs for embedded electronic devices, and since used batteries pose a threat to the environment, the concept of energy harvesting has gained a new relevance. Energy harvesting covers the scavenging of many lost ambient energy sources and their conversion into electrical energy. A broad range of energy harvesting devices has been developed to scavenge energy from mechanical vibrations. A common configuration consists of a spring-mass system with a piezoelectric material in parallel with the spring to convert some of the mechanical energy during oscillations into electrical power. So far the most used material for piezoelectric energy harvesting is the Lead Zirconate Titanate (PbZr1-xTixO3) (PZT). PZT is the reference material for MEMS (MechanoElectroMechanicalSystems) applications in the field of energy harvesting. Lead-based piezoelectric materials such as PZT and lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) offer incomparable piezoelectric coupling factors to other materials. However, despite its excellent electrical properties (dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric), PZT and other Lead based materials should be replaced shortly by leadfree compounds, due to environmental issues. Our work aims at developing lead-free high performance vibration energy-harvesting. We focus on the fabrication and characterization of aluminum nitride (AlN), Barium titanate BaTiO3 (BTO) and Bismuth ferrite BiFeO3 (BFO) devices for energy harvesting. PZT (as a reference because it’s high piezoelectric coefficients), BTO, BFO and AlN have been deposited using sputtering methods, leading to high homogeneous, large scale thin films with a precisely controlled thickness. The deposition of 300nm-thick films by sputtering or spin coating was performed on SrTiO3 (STO) substrate with SrRuO3 (SRO) bottom electrode, which is the reference substrate for the functional oxides (PZT, BTO and BFO), and platinum coated silicon substrate, which is the classic industrial template. Whatever the piezoelectric materials, we obtained epitaxial films on STO substrate and textured films on silicon substrate. Structural, electrical and piezoelectric measurements on the BTO, AlN and PZT films show that they have good physical properties in agreement with the literature
Wang, Zhen. "Enhanced self-powered vibration damping of smart structures by modal energy transfer." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0067/document.
In a context of embedded structures, the next challenge is to develop an efficient, energetically autonomous vibration control technique. Synchronized Switch Damping techniques (SSD) have been demonstrated interesting properties in vibration control with a low power consumption. For compliant or soft smart structures, modal control is a promising way as specific modes can be targetted. This Ph-D work examines a novel energy transfer concept and design of simultaneous energy harvesting and vibration control on the same host structure. The basic idea is that the structure is able to extract modal energy from the chosen modes, and utilize this harvested energy to suppress the target modes via modal control method. We propose here a new technique to enhance the classic SSD circuit due to energy harvesting and energy transfer. Our architecture called Modal Synchronized Switching Damping and Harvesting (Modal SSDH) is composed of a harvesting circuit (Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor SSHI), a Buck-Boost converter and a vibration modal control circuit (SSD). Various alternatives of our SSDH techniques were proposed and simulated. A real smart structure is modeled and used as specific case to test the efficiency of our concept. Piezoelectric sensors and actuators are taken as active transducers, as they develop the direct and inverse effects useful for the energy harvesting and the vibration damping. Optimization are running out and the basic design factors are discussed in terms of energy transfer. Simulations, carried out under bi-harmonic and noise excitation, underline that our new SSDH concept is efficient and robust. Our technique improve the damping effect of semi-active method compared to classic SSD method thanks to the use of harvested modal energy