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Статті в журналах з теми "Reconstruction approaches"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Simal-Julián, Juan Antonio, Pablo Miranda-Lloret, Laila Pérez de San Román Mena, Pablo Sanromán-Álvarez, Alfonso García-Piñero, Rosa Sanchis-Martín, Carlos Botella-Asunción, and Amin Kassam. "Impact of Multilayer Vascularized Reconstruction after Skull Base Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 81, no. 02 (February 28, 2019): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677705.

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Abstract Background The use of vascularized flap to reconstruct the skull base defects has dramatically changed the postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rates allowing the expansion of endoscopic skull base procedures. At present, there is insufficient scientific evidence to permit identification of the optimal reconstruction technique after the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA). Objective The main purpose of this article is to establish the risk factors for failure in the reconstruction after EEA and whether the use of a surgical reconstruction protocol can improve the surgical results. Material and Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in our institution, selecting patients that underwent EEA with intraoperative CSF leak. Two reconstructive protocols were defined based on different reconstructive techniques; both were vascularized but one monolayer and the other multilayer. A multivariate analysis was performed with outcome variable presentation of postoperative leak. Results One hundred one patients were included in the study. Patients reconstructed with protocol 1, with the diagnosis different to the pituitary adenoma and older than 45 years old had higher risk of presenting postoperative leak, and with statistically significant differences when we adjusted for the remaining variables. Conclusion The vascularized reconstructions after endoscopic endonasal skull base approaches have demonstrated to be able to obtain a low rate of postoperative CSF leak. The multilayer vascularized technique may provide a more evolved technique, even reducing the postoperative leak rates comparing with the monolayer vascularized one. The reconstructive protocol employed in each case, as well as age and histological diagnosis, is independent risk factor for presenting postoperative leak.

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2

Nashchokina, Maria. "Old industrial architecture XXI: Two approaches." проект байкал, no. 73 (October 21, 2022): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/pb.73.12.

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The article reviews projects of reconstruction of historical monuments of industrial architecture, which were worked out in Moscow during the last two decades. By the example of presented projects, the author considers two approaches to the problem of their preservation: restorative and radically reconstructive. The first one is the most compliant with the Russian legislation in the field of heritage, while the second one is hotly debated. The author gives examples of radical reconstruction from foreign practices, which show competent and rational methods of this approach, making it possible to achieve positive results. The author describes two examples of radical reconstruction in Moscow: the realized project Presnya-City and the project by Herzog & de Meuron which has not been implemented yet. Its discussion allows to develop alternative ways of reconstruction of old industrial buildings.

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3

Choi, Jong-Woo, Feras Alshomer, and Young-Chul Kim. "Evolution and current status of microsurgical tongue reconstruction, part II." Archives of Craniofacial Surgery 23, no. 5 (October 20, 2022): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2022.00857.

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Tongue reconstruction remains a major aspect of head and neck reconstructive procedures. Surgeons planning tongue reconstruction should consider several factors to optimize the overall outcomes. Specifically, various technical aspects related to tongue reconstruction have been found to affect the outcomes. Multidisciplinary teams dedicated to oncologic, reconstructive, and rehabilitative approaches play an essential role in the reconstructive process. Moreover, operative planning addressing certain patient-related and defect-related factors is crucial for optimizing functional speech and swallowing, as well as quality of life outcomes. Furthermore, tongue reconstruction is a delicate process, in which overall functional outcomes result from proper flap selection and shaping, recipient vessel preparation and anastomosis, surgical approaches to flap insetting, and postoperative management. The second part of this review summarizes these factors in relation to tongue reconstruction.

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4

Swartz, William M. "Microvascular approaches to nasal reconstruction." Microsurgery 9, no. 2 (1988): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/micr.1920090217.

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5

Dieterich, Max, Adrian Dragu, Angrit Stachs, and Johannes Stubert. "Clinical Approaches to Breast Reconstruction: What Is the Appropriate Reconstructive Procedure for My Patient." Breast Care 12, no. 6 (2017): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000484926.

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Breast reconstruction after breast cancer is an emotional subject for women. Consequently, the correct timing and surgical procedure for each individual woman are important. In general, heterologous or autologous reconstructive procedures are available, both having advantages and disadvantages. Breast size, patient habitus, and previous surgeries or radiation therapy need to be considered, independent of the chosen procedure. New surgical techniques, refinement of surgical procedures, and the development of supportive materials have increased the general patient collective eligible for breast reconstruction. This review highlights the different approaches to immediate breast reconstruction using autologous or heterologous techniques.

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6

Kirillova, Ariadna. "Innovative approaches and assessments of the efficiency of reconstruction of housing and communal infrastructure." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 08029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016408029.

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The article discusses the general provisions for assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of reconstruction suggests the directions of SMART-reconstruction of real estate, creating conditions for saving resources, reducing time, improving the efficiency of reconstructive work, which ensures the sustainability of the urban environment, achieve development goals. It has been proven that an improved look is needed for approaches to restructuring organization that would meet modern requirements, as well as fundamental principles, such as: safety, environmental friendliness, energy efficiency and comfort. Research on the experience of reconstruction has shown that currently the following elements are not fully implemented: innovative mechanisms for carrying out a comprehensive reconstruction; a unified regulatory and legal framework, including for determining the costs of reconstruction, as well as a scheme of relations between the participants in the process, which would ensure the effective interaction of all participants in the reconstruction; managerial and organizational mechanisms that reduce costs during reconstruction, adapting to changes in the socio-economic situation; modern model of reconstruction, which would allow to achieve the goals for each specific project and include the latest developments in technology, the use of innovative materials, the improvement of the project mechanisms at the design stage, as well as the availability of a quality system for monitoring the timing and cost of reconstruction..

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7

Alleva, Karina, José Díez, and Lucía Federico. "Conceptual Reconstruction and Epistemic Import: Allosteric Mechanistic Explanations As a Unified Theory-Net." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 49, no. 146 (October 31, 2017): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2017.179.

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The goal of this article is to show that formal analysis and reconstructions may be useful to discuss and shed light on substantive meta-theoretical issues. We proceed here by exemplification, analysing and reconstructing as a case study a paradigmatic biochemical theory, the Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) theory of allosterism, and applying the reconstruction to the discussion of some issues raised by prominent representatives of the new mechanist philosophy. We conclude that our study shows that at least in this case mechanicism and (some version of) more traditional accounts are not rivals but complementary approaches.

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8

Bothe, Oliver, and Eduardo Zorita. "Proxy surrogate reconstructions for Europe and the estimation of their uncertainties." Climate of the Past 16, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 341–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-341-2020.

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Abstract. Combining proxy information and climate model simulations reconciles these sources of information about past climates. This, in turn, strengthens our understanding of past climatic changes. The analogue or proxy surrogate reconstruction method is a computationally cheap data assimilation approach, which searches in a pool of simulated climate states the best fit to proxy data. We use the approach to reconstruct European summer mean temperature from the 13th century until present using the Euro 2k set of proxy records and a pool of global climate simulation output fields. Our focus is on quantifying the uncertainty of the reconstruction, because previous applications of the analogue method rarely provided uncertainty ranges. We show several ways of estimating reconstruction uncertainty for the analogue method, which take into account the non-climate part of the variability in each proxy record. In general, our reconstruction agrees well at multi-decadal timescales with the Euro 2k reconstruction, which was conducted with two different statistical methods and no information from model simulations. In both methodological approaches, the decades around the year 1600 CE were the coldest. However, the approaches disagree on the warmest pre-industrial periods. The reconstructions from the analogue method also represent the local variations of the observed proxies. The diverse uncertainty estimates obtained from our analogue approaches can be locally larger or smaller than the estimates from the Euro 2k effort. Local uncertainties of the temperature reconstructions tend to be large in areas that are poorly covered by the proxy records. Uncertainties highlight the ambiguity of field-based reconstructions constrained by a limited set of proxies.

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9

Card, Elizabeth B., Omar Elfanagely, Joseph A. Mellia, and John P. Fischer. "Surgical Approaches for Abdominal Wall Reconstruction." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 8, no. 12 (December 2020): e3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000003306.

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10

Nahabedian, Maurice Y. "Current Approaches to Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 142, no. 4 (October 2018): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000004802.

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11

Austin, J. Christopher. "Approaches to Reconstruction of the Ureter." Journal of Urology 184, no. 3 (September 2010): 825–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.06.056.

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12

Pickrell, Brent, Christopher Hughes, and Renata Maricevich. "Partial Ear Defects." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 31, no. 03 (August 2017): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603968.

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Reconstruction of partial ear defects represents one of the most challenging areas within reconstructive surgery of the head and neck. Each case of auricular reconstruction is unique and warrants a systematic approach that accounts for defect size and location, the quality of the surrounding skin, patient preference, and operator experience. In this article, the authors outline different reconstructive approaches for defects of the upper-, middle-, and lower-third of the auricle. The relevant anatomy is discussed in detail. Successful outcomes in auricular reconstruction rely on the surgeon's careful analysis of the defect as well as knowledge of the different reconstructive options available.

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13

Nyden, Marc R., and Krishnan Chittur. "Component Spectrum Reconstruction from Partially Characterized Mixtures." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 1 (January 1989): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894201743.

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A mathematical analysis of some existing approaches to component spectrum reconstruction is presented. This analysis leads to the derivation of a generalization of the cross-correlation technique. The effectiveness of these methods is assessed from the quality of the reconstructions obtained with the use of synthetic mixture spectra. Reconstructions of the spectra of the components of aqueous mixtures of immunoglobulin G and albumin are compared to the corresponding spectral reconstructions of the pure proteins in buffer.

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14

Dell’Aversano, Angela, Giovanni Leone, and Raffaele Solimene. "Comparing Two Approaches for Point-Like Scatterer Detection." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/139235.

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Many inverse scattering problems concern the detection and localisation of point-like scatterers which are sparsely enclosed within a prescribed investigation domain. Therefore, it looks like a good option to tackle the problem by applying reconstruction methods that are properly tailored for such a type of scatterers or that naturally enforce sparsity in the reconstructions. Accordingly, in this paper we compare the time reversal-MUSIC and the compressed sensing. The study develops through numerical examples and focuses on the role of noise in data and mutual coupling between the scatterers.

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15

Guo, Rui Bin, Tao Guan, Dong Xiang Zhou, Ke Ju Peng, and Wei Hong Fan. "Efficient Multi-Scale Registration of 3D Reconstructions Based on Camera Center Constraint." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 1018–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.1018.

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Recent approaches for reconstructing 3D scenes from image collections only produce single scene models. To build a unified scene model that contains multiple subsets, we present a novel method for registration of 3D scene reconstructions in different scales. It first normalizes the scales of the models building on similarity reconstruction by the constraint of the 3D position of shared cameras. Then we use Cayley transform to fit the matrix of coordinates transformation for the models in normalization scales. The experimental results show the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed approach.

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16

Munir, Hafiz Muhammad Umair, and Waqar Shahid Qureshi. "Single Image 3D Beard Face Reconstruction Approaches." International Journal of Cyber-Physical Systems 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcps.314572.

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3D face and 3D hair reconstruction are interesting and emerging applications within the fields of computer vision, computer graphics, and cyber-physical systems. It is a difficult and challenging task to reconstruct the 3D facial model and 3D facial hair from a single photo due to arbitrary poses, facial beard, non-uniform illumination, expressions, and occlusions. Detailed 3D facial models are difficult to reconstruct because every algorithm has some limitations related to profile view, beard face, fine detail, accuracy, and robustness. The major problem is to develop 3D face with texture of large, beard, and wild poses. Mostly algorithms use convolution neural networks and deep learning frameworks to develop 3D face and 3D hair. The latest and state-of-the-art 3D facial reconstruction and 3D face hair approaches are described. Different issues, problems regarding 3D facial reconstruction, and their proposed solutions have been discussed.

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17

Tian, Tian, Hongze Leng, Gongjie Wang, Guancheng Li, Junqiang Song, Jiang Zhu, and Yuzhu An. "Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches for Reconstructing Sea Subsurface Salinity Using Synthetic Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 5650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225650.

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There is a growing interest in using sparse in situ salinity data to reconstruct high-resolution three-dimensional subsurface salinity with global coverage. However, in areas with no observations, there is a lack of observation data for comparison with reconstructed fields, leading to challenges in assessing the quality and improving the accuracy of the reconstructed data. To address these issues, this study adopted the ‘resampling test’ method to establish the ‘synthetic data’ to test the performance of different machine learning algorithms. The Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques Climate Model Version 6, and its high-resolution counterpart (CNRM-CM6-1-HR) model data was used. The key advantage of the CNRM-CM6-1-HR is that the true values for salinity are known across the entire ocean at every point in time, and thus we can compare the reconstruction result to this data. The ‘synthetic dataset’ was established by resampling the model data according to the location of in situ observations. This synthetic dataset was then used to prepare two datasets: an ‘original synthetic dataset’ with no noise added to the resampled truth value and a ‘noised synthetic dataset’ with observation error perturbation added to the resampled truth value. The resampled salinity values of the model were taken as the ‘truth values’, and the feed-forward neural network (FFNN) and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) approaches were used to design four reconstruction experiments and build multiple sets of reconstruction data. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the different reconstruction schemes were compared through multi-dimensional evaluation of the reconstructed data, and the applicability of the FFNN and LightGBM approaches for reconstructing global salinity data from sparse data was discussed. The results showed that the best-performing scheme has low root-mean-square errors (~0.035 psu) and high correlation coefficients (~0.866). The reconstructed dataset from this experiment accurately reflected the geographical pattern and vertical structure of salinity fields, and also performed well on the noised synthetic dataset. This reconstruction scheme has good generalizability and robustness, which indicates its potential as a solution for reconstructing high-resolution subsurface salinity data with global coverage in practical applications.

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18

Spera, Leigh J., Rachel M. Danforth, and Ivan Hadad. "Incisions and reconstruction approaches for large sarcomas." Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology 3 (October 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tgh.2018.10.07.

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19

Albanese, R., G. Artaserse, M. Mattei, O. Tudisco, and JET EFDA Contributors. "Plasma reconstruction in tokamaks with linearized approaches." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 26, no. 3-4 (August 30, 2007): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-2007-908.

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20

Haastert, Kirsten, and Claudia Grothe. "Gene Therapy in Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction Approaches." Current Gene Therapy 7, no. 3 (June 1, 2007): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156652307780859035.

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21

Prosa, T. J., B. P. Geiser, D. Reinhard, Y. Chen, and D. J. Larson. "Approaches for Promoting Accurate Atom Probe Reconstruction." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, S3 (July 2016): 664–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616004177.

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22

Thatte, B. D. "Some results and approaches for reconstruction conjectures." Discrete Mathematics 124, no. 1-3 (January 1994): 193–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(92)00061-u.

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23

Cookson, Michael S. "Contemporary Approaches to Urinary Diversion and Reconstruction." Urologic Clinics of North America 45, no. 1 (February 2018): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-0143(17)30130-1.

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24

Dickason, Kathryn. "Beyond Reconstruction: Rethinking Approaches to Medieval Performance." Dance Chronicle 33, no. 1 (March 11, 2010): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01472520903275851.

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25

Powell, Jeffrey R. "Molecular approaches to systematics and phylogeny reconstruction." Bolletino di zoologia 58, no. 4 (January 1991): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250009109355772.

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26

Ghosh, Ankona, Kyle Hatten, Kim O. Learned, Mark D. Rizzi, John Y. Lee, Phillip B. Storm, James N. Palmer, and Nithin D. Adappa. "Pediatric nasoseptal flap reconstruction for suprasellar approaches." Laryngoscope 125, no. 11 (May 28, 2015): 2451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.25395.

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27

Awotona, Adenrele. "Approaches to post-war reconstruction and development." Habitat International 16, no. 4 (January 1992): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(92)90054-3.

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28

Stepanenko, A. B., E. R. Charchyan, D. G. Breshenkov, A. P. Gens, and Yu V. Belov. "Surgical approaches for reconstruction of thoracoabdominal aorta." Kardiologiya i serdechno-sosudistaya khirurgiya 15, no. 6 (2022): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/kardio202215061605.

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29

Parina, Elena. "Textual Criticism and Text Reconstruction: Approaches to Early Russian and Welsh Poetry." Studia Celto-Slavica 5 (2010): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54586/iumu8654.

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The Tale of Igor’s Campaign and The Gododdin, two poetic texts crucially important for the history of Early Russian and Welsh literature respectively, have a very dark history. Both are preserved in only one reliable source and are supposed to be composed about 600 years before this edition or manuscript was created. Anna Dybo and John Koch however propose an attempt of reconstruction for the Ur-Text of these poetic masterpieces. In this article we compare the framework within which these reconstructions were created. Whereas Anna Dybo relies mainly on contemporary texts, John Koch in the absence of such monuments has to rely more on historical interpretation.

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30

Wen, Mingyun, and Kyungeun Cho. "Object-Aware 3D Scene Reconstruction from Single 2D Images of Indoor Scenes." Mathematics 11, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11020403.

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Recent studies have shown that deep learning achieves excellent performance in reconstructing 3D scenes from multiview images or videos. However, these reconstructions do not provide the identities of objects, and object identification is necessary for a scene to be functional in virtual reality or interactive applications. The objects in a scene reconstructed as one mesh are treated as a single object, rather than individual entities that can be interacted with or manipulated. Reconstructing an object-aware 3D scene from a single 2D image is challenging because the image conversion process from a 3D scene to a 2D image is irreversible, and the projection from 3D to 2D reduces a dimension. To alleviate the effects of dimension reduction, we proposed a module to generate depth features that can aid the 3D pose estimation of objects. Additionally, we developed a novel approach to mesh reconstruction that combines two decoders that estimate 3D shapes with different shape representations. By leveraging the principles of multitask learning, our approach demonstrated superior performance in generating complete meshes compared to methods relying solely on implicit representation-based mesh reconstruction networks (e.g., local deep implicit functions), as well as producing more accurate shapes compared to previous approaches for mesh reconstruction from single images (e.g., topology modification networks). The proposed method was evaluated on real-world datasets. The results showed that it could effectively improve the object-aware 3D scene reconstruction performance over existing methods.

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31

Scaranelo, Anabel M., Bridgette Lord, Riham Eiada, and Stefan O. Hofer. "Imaging Approaches and Findings in the Reconstructed Breast: A Pictorial Essay." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 62, no. 1 (February 2011): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2010.09.010.

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Advances in breast imaging over the last 15 years have improved early breast cancer detection and management. After treatment for breast cancer, many women choose to have reconstructive surgery. In addition, with the availability of widespread genetic screening for breast cancer, an increasing number of women are choosing prophylactic mastectomies and subsequent breast reconstruction. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to present the spectrum of imaging findings in the reconstructed breast.

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32

Chen, Ted Yu Shen. "Habitat for Humanity's Post-Tsunami Housing Reconstruction Approaches in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 33, no. 1 (March 2015): 96–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701503300106.

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This paper investigates the housing reconstruction approaches of Habitat for Humanity, a Christian international NGO, in Sri Lanka following the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It analyses how Habitat's housing approaches are informed by their religious values, principles of internationally-recognised best practice, and reactions to the broader ‘Buddhist’ and anti-Christian proselytisation politics of Sri Lanka. While much of Habitat's work in housing reconstruction saw it essentially operate as a housing contractor for the government of Sri Lanka and other donors, the projects that lay closer to its philosophical core sought to engage with processes of owner-driven reconstruction, currently recognized as reconstruction best practice. Owner-driven reconstruction informs Habitat's approach to and endorsement of homeowner participation in their housing reconstruction projects. However, Habitat's version of participation differs from international standards as Habitat's reconstruction approaches rework best practice principles for religious ends. This combination has the effect of reducing suspicion of proselytisation, which was a major concern in Sri Lanka during the reconstruction process, while at the same time allowing Habitat to enact its Christian values. As a religious NGO, Habitat therefore adopts multiple reconstruction approaches in order to practice its Christian convictions within a hostile religious-political environment.

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33

Mende, Konrad, José Annelie Suurmeijer, and Michael Alan Tonkin. "Surgical techniques for reconstruction of the hypoplastic thumb." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 44, no. 1 (August 22, 2018): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193418793579.

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The reconstruction of a congenital hypoplastic thumb usually involves release of a tight first web space, metacarpophalangeal joint stabilization, reconstruction of intrinsic muscle function, and extrinsic tendon reconstruction, as appropriate. Numerous surgical options and combinations are available, but the approaches vary among surgeons who work in the field of congenital hand surgery and the empirical evidence that allows for evaluation of the results of techniques is scarce. Both the pre-operative assessment and intra-operative findings of all thumb elements – bone, joints, and soft tissues – should be considered in the surgical decision-making and eventually define the methods of reconstruction. This article summarizes the different reconstructive options.

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34

Demchenko, Vladislav Nikolaevich. "NON-STANDARD APPROACHES TO UPPER URINARY TRACT RECONSTRUCTION." International Medical Journal, no. 4 (February 26, 2020): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37436/2308-5274-2019-4-10.

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The main alternatives to a standard ureteral reconstruction at the expense of urothelial−containing tissues are an autotransplantation of the kidney, replacement of the ureter, and interposition of autologous tissues that do not contain urothelium. This compares the tissues that have a similar histological structure, system of blood supply and innervation. Although the general trend in the assessment of the role of renal autological transplantation in the correction of ureteral defects is quite optimistic, there is a likelihood of severe complications, including severe transplant infection and its loss, complications from vascular anastomoses. At the same time the tissues having similar histological structure, system of blood supply and innervation have been compared. However, in some clinical situations it is not possible to replace the upper urinary tract with such a surgical approach, which forces the surgeon to use alternative and non−standard methods of ureteral reconstruction. Among the various types of ureteral reconstruction with enteral tissues, the leading role is the interposition of segments of the small intestine. Most authors point to the favorable results of this technique in terms of minimal lethality, low incidence of complications and stabilization of renal function after surgery. However, the problem of intestinal interposition is complications associated with enterotomy, electrolyte balance disorders, reabsorption into the blood of metabolism products and active secretion of mucus into the lumen of the urinary tract. The published reports have mostly described the positive results after ureteral plasticity of the buccal mucosa flap, but the length of the stricture in the implementation of such a treatment method should not exceed 5−6 cm ureter. Key words: ureteral reconstruction, kidney autotransplantation, intestinal ureteroplasty, ureteral reconstruction with buccal mucosa flap.

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35

Seedhom, B. B. "Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 206, no. 1 (March 1992): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_257_02.

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Ligaments are strong collagenous structures that act as constraints on joint motion, thus confining the articular surfaces to more or less the same paths. In so doing they prevent arbitrary apposition of these surfaces from occurring and resulting in abnormal stresses which may damage the joint surfaces. Ligaments rupture due to excessive loads, particularly those resulting from trauma occurring during sporting events or motor vehicle accidents. Knee and ankle joints have the highest frequency of ligamentous injuries. This paper is a brief review of the current approaches to the reconstruction of the knee ligaments with specific reference to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) being the most frequently reconstructed. This is not only because it is frequently injured but also because of the debilitating consequences of such an injury. Approaches ranging from the conservative to those that advocate the use of frank prosthetic replacement have been adopted by surgeons at both ends of the spectrum. Following a discussion of the rationale for reconstruction of the ACL, the mechanical and biological considerations of the reconstructive procedure are discussed. The different methods of ACL reconstruction are reviewed. These include: (a) primary repair, (b) reconstruction with different tissues, including autogenous allografts and xenografts, (c) reconstruction employing different synthetic devices. A brief discussion of the procedures used for reconstruction with different types of tissue and of the surviving examples of the synthetic devices will follow.

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36

Cui, Bin, Wei Tao, and Hui Zhao. "High-Precision 3D Reconstruction for Small-to-Medium-Sized Objects Utilizing Line-Structured Light Scanning: A Review." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2021): 4457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214457.

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Three-dimensional reconstruction technology has demonstrated broad application potential in the industrial, construction, medical, forestry, agricultural, and pastural sectors in the last few years. High-quality digital point cloud information exists to help researchers to understand objects and environments. However, current research mainly focuses on making adaptive adjustments to various scenarios and related issues in the application of this technology rather than looking for further improvements and enhancements based on technical principles. Meanwhile, a review of approaches, algorithms, and techniques for high-precision 3D reconstruction utilizing line-structured light scanning, which is analyzed from a deeper perspective of elementary details, is lacking. This paper takes the technological path as the logical sequence to provide a detailed summary of the latest development status of each key technology, which will serve potential users and new researchers in this field. The focus is placed on exploring studies reconstructing small-to-medium-sized objects, as opposed to performing large-scale reconstructions in the field.

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Springer, Mark S., Robert W. Meredith, Jan E. Janecka, and William J. Murphy. "The historical biogeography of Mammalia." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1577 (September 12, 2011): 2478–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0023.

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Palaeobiogeographic reconstructions are underpinned by phylogenies, divergence times and ancestral area reconstructions, which together yield ancestral area chronograms that provide a basis for proposing and testing hypotheses of dispersal and vicariance. Methods for area coding include multi-state coding with a single character, binary coding with multiple characters and string coding. Ancestral reconstruction methods are divided into parsimony versus Bayesian/likelihood approaches. We compared nine methods for reconstructing ancestral areas for placental mammals. Ambiguous reconstructions were a problem for all methods. Important differences resulted from coding areas based on the geographical ranges of extant species versus the geographical provenance of the oldest fossil for each lineage. Africa and South America were reconstructed as the ancestral areas for Afrotheria and Xenarthra, respectively. Most methods reconstructed Eurasia as the ancestral area for Boreoeutheria, Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria. The coincidence of molecular dates for the separation of Afrotheria and Xenarthra at approximately 100 Ma with the plate tectonic sundering of Africa and South America hints at the importance of vicariance in the early history of Placentalia. Dispersal has also been important including the origins of Madagascar's endemic mammal fauna. Further studies will benefit from increased taxon sampling and the application of new ancestral area reconstruction methods.

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Meko, David M., Ramzi Touchan, Dalila Kherchouche, and Said Slimani. "Direct Versus Indirect Tree Ring Reconstruction of Annual Discharge of Chemora River, Algeria." Forests 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090986.

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Annual river discharge is a critical variable for water resources planning and management. Tree rings are widely used to reconstruct annual discharge, but errors can be large when tree growth fails to respond commensurately to hydrologically important seasonal components of climate. This paper contrasts direct and indirect reconstruction as statistical approaches to discharge reconstruction for the Chemora River, in semi-arid northeastern Algeria, and explores indirect reconstruction as a diagnostic tool in reconstruction error analysis. We define direct reconstruction as predictions from regression of annual discharge on tree ring data, and indirect reconstruction as predictions from a four-stage process: (1) regression of precipitation on tree rings, (2) application of the regression model to get reconstructed precipitation for grid cells over the basin, (3) routing of reconstructed precipitation through a climatological water balance (WB) model, and (4) summing model runoff over cells to get the reconstructed discharge at a gage location. For comparative purposes, the potential predictors in both modeling approaches are the same principal components of tree ring width chronologies from a network of drought-sensitive sites of Pinus halepensis and Cedrus atlantica in northern Algeria. Results suggest that both modeling approaches can yield statistically significant reconstructions for the Chemora River. Greater accuracy and simplicity of the direct method are countered by conceptual physical advantages of the indirect method. The WB modeling inherent to the indirect method is useful as a diagnostic tool in error analysis of discharge reconstruction, points out the low and declining importance of snowmelt to the river discharge, and gives clues to the cause of severe underestimation of discharge in the outlier high-discharge year 1996. Results show that indirect reconstruction would benefit most in this basin from tree ring resolution of seasonal precipitation.

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Chen, Xiaojun, Zhenqi Jiang, Xiao Han, Xiaolin Wang, and Xiaoying Tang. "The Reconstruction of Magnetic Particle Imaging: Current Approaches Based on the System Matrix." Diagnostics 11, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050773.

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Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel non-invasive molecular imaging technology that images the distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). It is not affected by imaging depth, with high sensitivity, high resolution, and no radiation. The MPI reconstruction with high precision and high quality is of enormous practical importance, and many studies have been conducted to improve the reconstruction accuracy and quality. MPI reconstruction based on the system matrix (SM) is an important part of MPI reconstruction. In this review, the principle of MPI, current construction methods of SM and the theory of SM-based MPI are discussed. For SM-based approaches, MPI reconstruction mainly has the following problems: the reconstruction problem is an inverse and ill-posed problem, the complex background signals seriously affect the reconstruction results, the field of view cannot cover the entire object, and the available 3D datasets are of relatively large volume. In this review, we compared and grouped different studies on the above issues, including SM-based MPI reconstruction based on the state-of-the-art Tikhonov regularization, SM-based MPI reconstruction based on the improved methods, SM-based MPI reconstruction methods to subtract the background signal, SM-based MPI reconstruction approaches to expand the spatial coverage, and matrix transformations to accelerate SM-based MPI reconstruction. In addition, the current phantoms and performance indicators used for SM-based reconstruction are listed. Finally, certain research suggestions for MPI reconstruction are proposed, expecting that this review will provide a certain reference for researchers in MPI reconstruction and will promote the future applications of MPI in clinical medicine.

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40

Kassam, Amin, Ricardo L. Carrau, Carl H. Snyderman, Paul Gardner, and Arlan Mintz. "Evolution of reconstructive techniques following endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches." Neurosurgical Focus 19, no. 1 (July 2005): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2005.19.1.9.

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Harvey Cushing first popularized the transsphenoidal route to the sella turcica, and Jules Hardy subsequently refined it by adding the operating microscope. Over the ensuing decades, attempts at extending the application of this approach have been advanced by Edward Laws and others. With the evolution of endoscopic approaches, the natural expansion of their use to intradural lesions followed. For the expanded endonasal approach to become a viable option, the paramount concerns surrounding consistent reconstruction of the dura mater must be overcome. In this review the authors chronicle the evolution of the reconstruction technique they currently use after performing expanded endonasal approaches. They also report the use of a balloon stent to buttress the reconstruction and counter the effects of graft migration and cerebrospinal fluid fistula formation. The technique described in this report represents an important step forward in the reconstruction of defects resulting from expanded endonasal approaches.

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41

Lautenschlager, Stephan. "DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION OF SOFT-TISSUE STRUCTURES IN FOSSILS." Paleontological Society Papers 22 (September 2016): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/scs.2017.10.

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AbstractIn the last two decades, advances in computational imaging techniques and digital visualization have created novel avenues for the study of fossil organisms. As a result, paleontology has undergone a shift from the pure study of physically preserved bones and teeth, and other hard tissues, to using virtual computer models to study specimens in greater detail, restore incomplete specimens, and perform biomechanical analyses. The rapidly increasing application of these techniques has further paved the way for the digital reconstruction of soft-tissue structures, which are rarely preserved or otherwise available in the fossil record. In this contribution, different types of digital soft-tissue reconstructions are introduced and reviewed. Provided examples include methodological approaches for the reconstruction of musculature, endocranial components (e.g., brain, inner ear, and neurovascular structures), and other soft tissues (e.g., whole-body and life reconstructions). Digital techniques provide versatile tools for the reconstruction of soft tissues, but given the nature of fossil specimens, some limitations and uncertainties remain. Nevertheless, digital reconstructions can provide new information, in particular if interpreted in a phylogenetically grounded framework. Combined with other digital analytical techniques (e.g., finite element analysis [FEA], multibody dynamics analysis [MDA], and computational fluid dynamics [CFD]), soft-tissue reconstructions can be used to elucidate the paleobiology of extinct organisms and to test competing evolutionary hypotheses.

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42

Karali, E., and D. Koutsouris. "Towards novel regularization approaches to PET image reconstruction." Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 01, no. 02 (2013): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2013.12002.

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43

Vacanti, Charles A., and Joseph P. Vacanti. "Bone And Cartilage Reconstruction With Tissue Engineering Approaches." Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 27, no. 1 (February 1994): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-6665(20)30727-1.

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44

Downie, J. A. "Reconstruction, not deconstruction: Recent approaches to Augustan prose." Prose Studies 10, no. 1 (May 1987): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440358708586292.

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45

Chen, Catherine J., and Christopher E. Wolter. "Robotic Surgical Approaches to Bladder Reconstruction in Adults." Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports 10, no. 4 (September 28, 2015): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11884-015-0328-1.

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46

Bianchi, Bernardo, Andrea Ferri, Silvano Ferrari, Chiara Copelli, Massimiliano Leporati, and Enrico Sesenna. "Alternate approaches to recipient vessels in maxillary reconstruction." Microsurgery 31, no. 7 (July 16, 2011): 580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/micr.20913.

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47

Adani, Roberto, Jin Bo Tang, and David Elliot. "Soft and tissue repair of the hand and digital reconstruction." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 47, no. 1 (October 20, 2021): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17531934211051303.

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This article summarizes the current views and proposed approaches to treating soft tissue defects of the hand. The article also outlines some key considerations of digital reconstruction. There are many options in treating soft tissue defects. For defects of the hand, local flaps are primarily considered if the defects are small or moderate in size. A vascularized free flap is only considered for a defect of large size (3 cm long or larger). Thumb reconstruction is of primary importance, while reconstruction of two fingers is necessary when all fingers are lost. Reconstructions of a missing distal part of a finger or reconstruction of an entire finger if only one finger is lost are cosmetic restorations; functionally these defects do not need reconstruction. Sensation is of great importance in repair or reconstruction of the tip of the thumb or finger. Therefore, sensory evaluation is a key factor in assessing and selecting the best options of surgery.

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48

Cho, Min-Jeong, Alex A. Kane, Rami R. Hallac, Noopur Gangopadhyay, and James R. Seaward. "Liquid Latex Molding: A Novel Application of 3D Printing to Facilitate Flap Design." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 54, no. 4 (July 2017): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/15-252.

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The approach to bony craniofacial reconstruction has been significantly enhanced with the development of patient-specific, computer-aided designed and manufactured (CAD/CAM) implants. This technology, however, has not yet been widely employed for soft tissue reconstruction. While algorithmic approaches based on the size, location, and etiology of the defect are effective in most cases, a patient-specific CAD/CAM approach has benefits in complex reconstructive problems. In this study, we present a patient-specific approach to preoperative flap planning: using three-dimensional (3D) printing and liquid latex to create a flexible model of a flap, and demonstrate its application in planning a complex scalp reconstruction.

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49

Xu, Han, Cynthia Changxin Wang, Xuesong Shen, and Sisi Zlatanova. "3D Tree Reconstruction in Support of Urban Microclimate Simulation: A Comprehensive Literature Review." Buildings 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090417.

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The negative climate change induced by rapid urbanization has become a global environmental issue. Numerous studies have been devoted to microclimate regulation functions performed by urban vegetation. Digital city information modeling provides a powerful tool for various simulations and data analytics for the sustainable development of urban areas. However, the method reconstructing urban trees is still in its early stage compared to the relatively mature building modeling. Most prior studies on tree reconstruction focused on retrieving geometric features, while other factors related to urban microclimate simulation were rarely addressed. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review and in-depth analysis covering two distinct research directions in relation to urban microclimate simulation. The first one is set on the identification of key factors related to trees’ impact on urban microclimate. The second one is dedicated to approaches for three-dimensional (3D) tree reconstruction. Based on the findings, the paper identifies information including trees’ geometric, physiological characteristics and relation to the surroundings required for 3D tree reconstruction in the context of urban microclimate simulation, and further assesses the potential of the 3D tree reconstruction approaches to accommodate these pieces of information. An appropriate 3D tree reconstruction approach, which allows for the supply of the required information for urban microclimate simulation, is recommended.

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50

Jensen, Janus Nørtoft, Morten Hannemose, J. Andreas Bærentzen, Jakob Wilm, Jeppe Revall Frisvad, and Anders Bjorholm Dahl. "Surface Reconstruction from Structured Light Images Using Differentiable Rendering." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041068.

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When 3D scanning objects, the objective is usually to obtain a continuous surface. However, most surface scanning methods, such as structured light scanning, yield a point cloud. Obtaining a continuous surface from a point cloud requires a subsequent surface reconstruction step, which is directly affected by any error from the computation of the point cloud. In this work, we propose a one-step approach in which we compute the surface directly from structured light images. Our method minimizes the least-squares error between photographs and renderings of a triangle mesh, where the vertex positions of the mesh are the parameters of the minimization problem. To ensure fast iterations during optimization, we use differentiable rendering, which computes images and gradients in a single pass. We present simulation experiments demonstrating that our method for computing a triangle mesh has several advantages over approaches that rely on an intermediate point cloud. Our method can produce accurate reconstructions when initializing the optimization from a sphere. We also show that our method is good at reconstructing sharp edges and that it is robust with respect to image noise. In addition, our method can improve the output from other reconstruction algorithms if we use these for initialization.

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