Статті в журналах: "RECONFIGURABLE PATCH ANTENNA"

1

Premalatha, J., D. Sheela, and M. Abinaya. "Reconfiguration of Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.6 (July 4, 2018): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.6.15130.

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Reconfigurable antennas provide a possible solution to solve the related problems using the ability to switch frequency, patterns and polarization. This paper represents a possible application in wireless communication using reconfigurable Microstrip patch antenna. The dielectric substrate of proposed circular Microstrip patch antenna is fabricated with FR 4 epoxy and patch design 40x40x1.6mm. This work provides a methodology to design reconfigurable antennas with PIN diode switch. The frequency reconfiguration achieved by PIN diodes At the range of 3 GHZ to 6.9 GHZ the frequency reconfigurability is realized. To resonate the antenna at various frequencies PIN diode is used. Simulation of Ansoft HFSS software is used to compute the gain, axial ratio, radiation pattern, and return loss of proposed antenna. The structure of circular patch antenna achieves an enhanced wide bandwidth. The results show a better frequency reconfiguration.

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2

NURMANTRIS, DWI ANDI, HEROE WIJANTO, and BAMBANG SETIA NUGROHO. "Optimasi Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna Bercelah Melingkar menggunakan Algoritma Genetika." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v8i1.111.

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ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan suatu desain pattern reconfigurable antenna dengan menitikberatkan pada optimasi antena planar berbentuk lingkaran dengan 24 switch berupa shorting pin pada tepi patch dan menambahkan celah melingkar pada patchnya sebagai metode penyepadan impedansi. Algoritma Genetika digunakan sebagai metode optimasi antena sedangkan Finite Element method digunakan sebagai metode komputasi untuk mendapatkan nilai parameter antena ketika proses evaluasi fungsi fitness. Keduanya dikolaborasikan untuk mendapatkan suatu desain antena yang mempunyai kemampuan pattern reconfigurable. Hasilnya diperoleh suatu desain antena pada frekuensi 2,4 Ghz dengan 24 pola pancar yang bisa di switch ke seluruh bidang azzimuth dimana semua pola pancar didesain pada arah elevasi 45o. Kata kunci: optimasi, celah melingkar, algoritma genetika, pattern reconfigurable antenna ABSTRACT This research aims to obtain a reconfigurable antenna pattern design with emphasize on the optimization of a planar circular antenna with 24 switchs on the edge of the patch and add a slit ring in the patch as a impedance matching method. Genetic Algorithm is used as an antenna optimization method while the The Finite Element method is used as a computational method to obtain the antenna parameters value when evaluating the fitness function. Both collaborated to obtain an antenna design that has the pattern reconfigurable ability. The result is 2,4 Ghz antenna design with 24 radiation patterns that can be switched to all azzimuth plane where all are designed in 45o of elevation plane. Keywords: optimization, slit ring, genetic algorithm, pattern reconfigurable antenna

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3

Pandey, Shraddha, and Pankaj Vyas. "Review of Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch antenna for Wireless Application." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 7, no. 6 (June 22, 2019): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v7i6.5317.

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In recent time, world have seen a rapid growth in wireless communication. Development in antenna from single band to dual band and multi band had made the antenna system more compact. A frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna using a PIN diode for multiband operation is using many application and hot research area. In this paper, reconfigurable microstrip patch antennas and their types like frequency, polarization, radiation pattern and gain are described.

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4

R, Bhakkiyalakshmi, and M. S. Vasanthi. "Reconfigurable Antenna using PIN Diode for Future Wireless Communication." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 8, no. 4s2 (August 1, 2020): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d1011.0484s219.

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This paper discusses design and analysis of reconfigurable antenna for millimeter wave communication. The proposed antenna model resonates at frequencies between 25- 34GHz using PIN diode. Return loss and voltage standing wave ratio achieved less than -10dB and 2 respectively. Resonating frequency changed by varying the bias of PIN diode switches. Antenna size is reduced using meander lines in the patch compared to the existing micro strip patch reconfigurable antennas. The proposed antenna is designed using Electromagnetic simulation software with appreciable gain.

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5

Anumuthu, Priya, Kaja Sultan, Manavalan Saravanan, Mohd Ali, Manikandan Venkatesh, Mohammad Saleem, and Imaduddeen Nizamuddeen. "Design of Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for Sensing and Tracking Communications." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 12 (February 15, 2021): 1532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.351212.

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This paper presents a front-end structure of a reconfigurable patch antenna for cognitive radio systems. The antenna structure consists of an Ultrawideband (UWB) sensing antenna and an array of frequency reconfigurable antennas incorporated on the same substrate. The UWB and reconfigurable antennas are fed by co-planar waveguides (CPW). The reconfigurability is achieved by rotating the series of patch antennas through a certain angle and the rotation is controlled by mechanical means using an Arduino microcontroller. The rotational reconfigurability has been preferred over MEMS switches, PIN diodes, and other lumped elements because the latter requires the need for bias lines. The entire structure is designed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software and the prototype is fabricated over FR-4 substrate having a thickness of 1.6mm and measurements are carried out. This antenna achieves a wideband frequency from 2 GHz to 12 GHz and distinct narrow band of frequencies by reconfigurability using single antenna consisting of different shapes spaced accurately to ensure isolation between adjacent frequency bands and each antenna element working for a bandwidth of 2 GHz for frequency from 2 GHz to 12 GHz upon a single substrate and the reconfigurable elements are controlled using a low cost Arduino microcontroller connected directly to the antenna which ensures accurate controlling of the rotation and fast switching between the antenna elements. The measured results agree with the simulated results and have less than 10 dB impedance bandwidth.

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6

Wang, Xinhai, Liqiong Wu, Hua Chen, Wei Wang, and Zhaoping Liu. "Frequency-Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna Based on Graphene Film." Electronics 12, no. 10 (May 19, 2023): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102307.

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Fifth-generation mobile communication systems must connect to multiple wireless networks. In order to enable a single device to match the frequency bands of multiple wireless networks, it is usually necessary to use multiple single-band or multi-band antennas, which occupy a large amount of space inside a given device. Using frequency-reconfigurable antennas to replace multiple single-function antennas is an effective way to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a frequency-reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna based on graphene film, which fills the slot of the radiating patch with graphene film. It was found that the surface current of the antenna can be changed by changing the conductivity of graphene through bias voltage, which allows the operating mode of the antenna to switch between a nearly slotted antenna and a nearly unslotted antenna to achieve frequency reconfigurability. By changing the bias voltage from 0 V to 9 V, the resonant frequency of the antenna can be switched from 29.6 GHz to 40 GHz, and the center frequency can by altered by 10.4 GHz, corresponding to the reflection coefficients of −26 dB and −20.8 dB, respectively. The antenna achieves good matching in both operating modes.

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7

Han, T. Y., and C. T. Huang. "Reconfigurable monopolar patch antenna." Electronics Letters 46, no. 3 (2010): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.3242.

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8

Kim, Dowon, Kitae Kim, Hogyeong Kim, Moonyoung Choi, and Jun-Hee Na. "Design Optimization of Reconfigurable Liquid Crystal Patch Antenna." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040932.

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In various fields such as the 5G antenna system and satellite communication system, there is a growing demand to develop a smart antenna with a frequency selective or beamforming function within a limited space. While antennas utilizing mechanical, electronic, and material characteristics are being studied, a method of having tunable frequency characteristics by applying a liquid crystal material with dielectric anisotropy to a planar patch antenna is proposed. In resonance mode, the design method for using only the minimum amount of expensive liquid crystals is systematically arranged while maximizing the amount of change in the operating frequency of the antenna by considering the electric field distribution on the surface of the patch antenna. Furthermore, to increase the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal must be aligned. Simultaneously, in cases where the cell gap of the liquid crystal exceeds 100 μm, the alignment force is weakened. While compensating for this shortcoming, securing the radiation characteristics of the antenna is proposed, and simulations are performed.

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9

NURMANTRIS, DWI ANDI, HEROE WIJANTO, and BAMBANG SETIA NUGROHO. "Pattern Reconfigurable Patch Antenna menggunakan Edge Shorting Pin dan Symmetrical Control Pin." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v3i2.177.

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ABSTRAKMetode baru dalam mendesain suatu pattern reconfigurable antenna telah diteliti. Penelitian ini fokus pada optimasi antena patch lingkaran single layer pencatuan probe koaksial dengan mengintegrasikan 24 switch/shorting pin pada sisi patch yang disebut edge shorting pin dan 8 shorting pin membentuk lingkaran dengan radius tertentu dan selanjutnya disebut symmetrical control pin yang fungsinya sebagai metode penyepadan impedansi. Algoritma Genetika yang dikombinasikan dengan Finite Element Software digunakan untuk mengoptimasi kombinasi switch, radius lingkaran symmetrical control pin, dan radius patch untuk mendapatkan kemampuan pattern reconfigurability. Antena ini menghasilkan 8 kemungkinan arah radiasi azzimuth dengan resolusi 45o dan arah elevasi 30o pada frekuensi 2,4 Ghz. Optimasi, simulasi, fabrikasi, dan pengukuran dilakukan untuk memverifikasi hasil penelitian.Kata kunci: Patch Lingkaran, Edge Shorting Pin, Symmetrical Control Pin, Algoritma Genetika, Pattern Reconfigurable ABSTRACTNew method for desaining pattern reconfigurable antenna was studied. This study focuses on the optimization of a single layer circular patch antenna with probe feed by integrating the 24 switch / shorting pin on the side of the patch that called Edge Shorting Pins and 8 shorting pins form circular line in such radius that called Symmetrical Control Pins as a impedance matching method. Genetic algorithm combined with the Finite Element Software is used to optimize the switch combination, the radius of circular line of symmetrical control pins, and the patch radius to obtain a pattern reconfigurability capabilities. This antenna produces 8 possible directions of azimuth radiation with a resolution of 45o and 30o elevation direction at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. Optimization, simulation, fabrication, and measurement was done to verify the results.Keywords: Circular Patch, Edge Shorting Pin, Symmetrical Control Pin, Genetic Algorithm, Pattern Reconfigurable

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10

Monti, Giuseppina, Laura Corchia, and Luciano Tarricone. "PATCH ANTENNA WITH RECONFIGURABLE POLARIZATION." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 9 (2009): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc09061505.

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11

Byford, J. A., K. Y. Park, P. Chahal, and E. J. Rothwell. "Frequency reconfigurable patch antenna array." Electronics Letters 51, no. 21 (October 2015): 1628–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2015.1771.

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12

Wu, W., B. Z. Wang, and S. Sun. "Pattern Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 19, no. 1 (January 2005): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569393052955125.

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13

Han, Tuan-Yung, Chuang Jiashih Shih, and Jeen-Sheen Row. "Polarization reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 55, no. 3 (January 28, 2013): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.27374.

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14

Ameri, Ali, and Gholamreza Moradi. "Reconfigurable graphene square patch antenna." Optik 284 (August 2023): 170961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2023.170961.

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15

Rahmat-Samii, Yahya, and Joshua M. Kovitz. "Wideband E-shaped Patch Antennas for Advanced Wireless Terminals." Advanced Electromagnetics 12, no. 2 (March 20, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v12i2.2191.

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Low-profile patch antennas have become ubiquitous in wireless terminals, especially as devices have become smaller and demand more functionality out of their RF subsystems. While their shape and size is attactive for many applications, their narrow bandwidth hinders their usage in many systems. With the rise of computer-aided design, many patch antenna design concepts have been presented with enhanced bandwidth capabilities. The E-shaped patch antenna, whose original shape presented in the early 2000’s resembles the letter E, offers compelling performance with reasonable manufacturing complexity. In it most basic form, this antenna was linearly polarized and either wideband or dual-band. Over the last two decades, many variations of the E-shaped patch have been presented in literature: circularly polarized, miniaturized, frequency reconfigurable, or even polarization reconfigurable. This paper summarizes these efforts in realizing novel functionalities with a relatively simple design geometry.

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16

Boyapati Bharathidevi and Jayendra Kumar. "Effect of PIN Diode Integration on Patch Antennas for Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Applications." Advances in Technology Innovation 8, no. 3 (July 4, 2023): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46604/aiti.2023.9235.

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PIN diodes are commonly used to design reconfigurable antennas owing to their sufficient isolation, lower cost, and ease of fabrication. This study aims to explore the effect of biasing conditions of a PIN diode radio frequency (RF) switch on a frequency-reconfigurable antenna. This approach investigates the contribution of the forward diode current and the reversed biased voltage on the shift in the operating band, the impedance matching, and the radiation efficiency of a reconfigurable antenna. The benefits and drawbacks of different approaches to modeling PIN diode RF switches are demonstrated on Ansys electromagnetic switch. The result shows a significant match between simulated and measured operating bands, impedance matching, and radiation efficiency. The proposed RF switch model can be used as a practical simulation model for implementing various reconfigurable microwave components.

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17

Grant, Nolan, Mahdi Haghzadeh, and Alkim Akyurtlu. "Fully Printed Static Gain Reconfigurable Conformal Patch Antenna Arrays." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 000604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-tha44_114.

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Abstract This work presents design and fabrication processes for creating statically gain-reconfigurable conformal patch array antennas. In our previous work, a fully printable and conformal antenna array on a flexible substrate with a new Left-Handed Transmission Line (LHTL) phase shifter based on a Barium Strontium Titanate (BST)/polymer composite was computationally studied for radiation pattern correction and beam steering applications. In this work, additive manufacturing techniques were used to experimentally demonstrate the phase compensation needed to improve the degraded performance of the conformal arrays. An Aerosol Jet direct-write printer was used to print several patch antenna arrays and was tested in an anechoic chamber to establish baseline gain metrics. Once a baseline is established, a high dielectric constant material (BST nano-ink) was dispensed onto the IDCs in several configurations, to provide the necessary phase compensation. The antennas were retested and the changes in their gain profiles were investigated. The findings of this work and the proposed method allow for gain compensation of curved conformal antennas and post-production modification of the radiation pattern of antenna arrays. This work has potential applications in the automotive industry due to the low cost of production and the ability to be integrated onto curved conformal surfaces without interfering with super structure or other mechanical design related criteria.

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18

Qin, Peng, Guan-Long Huang, Jia-Jun Liang, Qian-Yu Wang, Jun-Heng Fu, Xi-Yu Zhu, Tian-Ying Liu, Lin Gui, Jing Liu, and Zhong-Shan Deng. "A Gravity-Triggered Liquid Metal Patch Antenna with Reconfigurable Frequency." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060701.

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In this paper, a gravity-triggered liquid metal microstrip patch antenna with reconfigurable frequency is proposed with experimental verification. In this work, the substrate of the antenna is quickly obtained through three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Non-toxic EGaIn alloy is filled into the resin substrate as a radiation patch, and the NaOH solution is used to remove the oxide film of EGaIn. In this configuration, the liquid metal inside the antenna can be flexibly flowed and deformed with different rotation angles due to the gravity to realize different working states. To validate the conception, the reflection coefficients and radiation patterns of the prototyped antenna are then measured, from which it can be observed that the measured results closely follow the simulations. The antenna can obtain a wide operating bandwidth of 3.69–4.95 GHz, which coverage over a range of frequencies suitable for various channels of the 5th generation (5G) mobile networks. The principle of gravitational driving can be applied to the design of reconfigurable antennas for other types of liquid metals.

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19

Sulakshana, Chilukuri, and Lokam Anjaneyulu. "Reconfigurable antennas with frequency, polarization, and pattern diversities for multi-radio wireless applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 1 (June 4, 2015): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000926.

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This paper presents different reconfigurable antennas with frequency, polarization, and pattern diversities. All the antennas have a very simple, novel, and compact structures, which are used for different wireless communication applications. These antennas employ switching for obtaining different reconfigurations. At first, an E-shaped antenna is designed for multi-band frequency reconfigurability. Second, circular and rectangular-shaped patch antennas are designed for achieving diversity in polarization. At last, a pattern reconfigurable antenna is designed with multiport excitation. These antenna performances are analyzed using various parameters such as return loss, radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and gain. The prototypes of the antennas are fabricated and measured results along with simulated ones are presented. Both the results are in good agreement.

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20

Bui, Cong, Thanh Dang, Minh Doan, and Truong Nguyen. "A Frequency and Polarization Reconfigurable Dual-Patch Microstrip A Frequency and Polarization Reconfigurable Dual-Patch Microstrip." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360206.

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This paper proposes a reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna design for wireless ISM band applications. The antenna simultaneously uses PIN Diodes to switch between linear and circular polarization at 2.45 GHz and uses Varactor Diode to continuously tune the operating frequency from 1.73 GHz to 2.45 GHz. The antenna performance is characterized as a combination of ON/OFF state of PIN Diode and a bias voltage of Varactor Diode varying from 0.8V to 10V. A good agreement between simulation and measurement is obtained which validates the proposed method. The proposed frequency/polarization reconfigurable antenna is promising for various applications in wireless ISM band such as DCS (1710 – 1880 MHz), PCS (1850 – 1990 MHz), GSM 1800, GSM 1900, UMTS (1920 – 2170 MHz) and WiFi/Bluetooth (2.4 – 2.5 GHz).

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21

Allanic, Rozenn, Denis Le Berre, Cédric Quendo, Douglas Silva De Vasconcellos, Virginie Grimal, Damien Valente, and Jérôme Billoué. "On-Chip Polarization Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antennas Using Semiconductor Distributed Doped Areas (ScDDAs)." Electronics 11, no. 12 (June 17, 2022): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121905.

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This paper presents two polarization reconfigurable patch antennas using semiconductor distributed doped areas (ScDDAs) as active components. One proposed antenna has a switching polarization between two linear ones, while the other one has a polarization able to commute from a linear to a circular one. The antennas are designed on a silicon substrate in order to have the ScDDAs integrated in the substrate, overcoming the needs of classical PIN diodes. Therefore, the proposed co-design method between the antenna and the ScDDAs permits us to optimize the global reconfigurable function, designing both parts in the same process flow. Both demonstrators have a resonant frequency of around 5 GHz. The simulated results fit well with the measured ones.

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22

Ksiksi, M. A., M. K. Azizi, H. Ajlani, and A. Gharsallah. "A Graphene based Frequency Reconfigurable Square Patch Antenna for Telecommunication Systems." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 5 (October 9, 2019): 4846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3061.

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Current research on tunable patch antennas for wireless applications has mostly focused on the dimensional variations of patch elements, such as geometry and substrate materials, using different techniques to achieve the reconfiguration. The use of different mixing materials to ensure reconfiguration and improvement of antenna performance in microwave frequencies has not yet been studied thoroughly. In this article, we consider graphene as a patch material, due to its unique chemical, mechanical, electronic, thermal and optical features, which assist in providing a highly flexible and adaptive antenna. The proposed antenna is a square plate excited by a coaxial probe, operating at a 2.45GHz spectrum. Adding graphene to the antenna structure and tuning its chemical potential, a frequency reconfiguration from 2.36GHz to 1.26GHz is obtained. This antenna can be deployed in many communication systems. Results demonstrate the importance of this material in the development of nanoelectronics in the future.

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23

Zhao, Deshuang, Yifei Han, Feng Liang, Qiaoli Zhang, and Bing-Zhong Wang. "Low-Power Optically Controlled Patch Antenna of Reconfigurable Beams." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/978258.

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Анотація:

A novel compact beam-reconfigurable patch antenna based on light control of no more than 30 mW optical powers is successfully demonstrated. It consists of one T-shape driven patch and one slot-etched parasitic patch. A silicon dice is employed as the photoconductive switch that is bridged across the slot center for optical control of reconfigurable beams. The antenna greatly reduces the total optical powers required for reconfigurable beams. Such design is based on the fact that the current phase change of the parasitic patch is sensitive to the conductivity of the silicon dice. A few conductivity changes of the silicon dice induced by the optical light can lead to a big phase change of the parasitic patch currents, eventually resulting in reconfigurable beams with low optical power requirement.

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24

Christina, G. "A Review on Novel Microstrip Patch Antenna Designs and Feeding Techniques." IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems 4, no. 2 (July 25, 2022): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2022.2.005.

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Анотація:

Mobile technology is rapidly advancing nowadays due to its high impact in our day-to-day lives. As a result, there is an increasing need to study the advancement of antenna systems, which are regarded as fundamental equipment for wireless connectivity. Compared to the traditional large size antennas, microstrip patch antennas are now widely used in different applications such as smart phones, military, smart wearable devices etc. due to its unique characteristics such as lighter weight, reconfigurable structure, foldability, ease of fabrication, multi-frequency operations, and compactness. This research study presents a review on various microstrip patch antenna designs and the different antenna feed mechanisms available for 5G applications.

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25

Srishti, Sneha, Siddhi Jain, and Rahul Gowda. "Design and Analysis of MSPA using FR-4 Epoxy Dielectric for Wireless Broadband Application." Middle East Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, no. 1 (January 21, 2023): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjet.2023.v03i01.003.

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Анотація:

In modern communication devices, microstrip patch antennas are preferred to conventional antennas due to their size. In this review, a survey of commonly used techniques and designs for microstrip antennas is conducted. These techniques and designs were used by the authors to design an effective, low-profile, small, compatible, and affordable microstrip antenna. They were mostly used to design reconfigurable, multiband, and wideband antennas. After that, a initiator patch design with dimensions is provided on which technique will be used to analyze various antenna parameters. In recent years, research into microstrip patch antennas has made significant progress. Microstrip patch horns outperform conventional microstrip patches in a number of ways, including their low cost, ease of integration with integrated microwave circuits (MICs), low volume, small size, high performance, and low weight.

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26

Hajian, M., B. Kuijpers, K. Buisman, A. Akhnoukh, M. Pelk, L. C. N. de Vreede, J. Zijdeveld, L. P. Ligthart, and C. Spitas. "Passive and Active Reconfigurable Scan-Beam Hollow Patch Reflectarray Antennas." ISRN Communications and Networking 2012 (May 6, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/290534.

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The design concept of passive and active reconfigurable reflectarray antennas has been proposed and tested. The antenna elements in the array are identical hollowed patches. In the first phase of study the slots are loaded with a SMD capacitor to set the required phase shift needed for array implementation. Simulations show promising results. Mounting a SMD capacitor in such a configuration can be considered as the first step in using capacitive loading on a slotted patch for active microstrip reflectarrays. It is shown that by adjusting the capacitance values it is possible to scan the beam. In the second phase, the patch elements are loaded with active varactor-diode device which its reflected phase can be varied. This phase alteration is based on the variation of the diode capacitance which can be achieved by varying the biasing voltage of the active varactor device. In latter approach by activating these varactor devices, the phase of each antenna element in the array configuration can be adopted dynamically and consequently, its beam direction can be reconfigured. The reflectarrays incorporating passive and active elements have been built and tested at 7.0 GHz and 6.0 GHz, respectively. The performance of the proposed reconfigurable antennas is excellent, and there is good agreement between the theoretical and measurement results which pioneers design of arbitrarily reconfigurable antennas.

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27

Bala, Rajni, Anupma Marwaha, and Sanjay Marwaha. "Material Modeling Approach for Graphene Antenna Design." TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/tijee.v16i3.1638.

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Анотація:

For the last few decades, in the field of patch antenna design for wireless applications the researchers have gone through experimenting with almost all types of variations in shape and dimensions of patch element, substrate material, exploiting with patch and ground structure with slots. Very little attention has been given to explore the pioneering approach of using different patch material improving the performance of antennas in terahertz regime. The graphene material is lately being used as patch material as it possesses a number of desirable electromagnetic and mechanical properties that assists in providing flexible and reconfigurable antenna structure. The material tunable conductivity accounts for the superior electromagnetic properties. Hence the authors have presented the simplified analytical solution for graphene surface conductivity to be utilized to characterize the graphene antenna parameters.

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28

Azizi, Mohamed Karim, Mohamed Amin Ksiksi, Hosni Ajlani, and Ali Gharsallah. "TERAHERTZ GRAPHENE-BASED RECONFIGURABLE PATCH ANTENNA." Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 71 (2017): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierl17081402.

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29

Sung, Y. J. "Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for Polarization Diversity." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 56, no. 9 (September 2008): 3053–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2008.928810.

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Majid, Huda A., Mohamad Kamal Abdul Rahim, Mohamad Rijal Hamid, Noor Asniza Murad, and Mohd Faizal Ismail. "Frequency-Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch-Slot Antenna." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12 (2013): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2013.2245293.

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31

Qin, Pei-Yuan, Andrew R. Weily, Y. Jay Guo, and Chang-Hong Liang. "Polarization Reconfigurable U-Slot Patch Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, no. 10 (October 2010): 3383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2010.2055808.

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32

Xiao, Shaoqiu, Bing-Zhong Wang, and Xue-Song Yang. "A novel frequency-reconfigurable patch antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 36, no. 4 (January 22, 2003): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.10746.

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33

Labiad, Abdelhadi, Khadidja Bouras, and Mouloud Bouzouad. "Metamaterials Reconfigurable Multiband Antenna." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1097–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2019.2460.

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Анотація:

In this paper a Metamaterials Reconfigurable Multiband Antenna is designed. The design consists of a rectangular patch antenna surrounded by an arrangement of cross shaped metamaterials cells that have two different behaviours and can be controlled electronically in order to switch between the two different behaviours; therefore, the antenna will have a controllable size according to the surrounding area behaviour. The obtained results show that the antenna operates at different frequencies. We demonstrate the possibility to design a metamaterials based frequency agile antenna.

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34

Deng, Zhongliang, Yucheng Wang, and Chengqi Lai. "Design and Analysis of Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna Based on RF MEMS Switches." Electronics 12, no. 14 (July 17, 2023): 3109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12143109.

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The research on reconfigurable antennas has some disadvantages such as low working frequency and large size. This paper presents a Ka-band patch antenna with pattern reconfigurability using RF MEMS switches. The antenna contains one main patch, two sub-patches, two parasitic patches, and two RF MEMS switches. By controlling the states of the RF MEMS switches, the antenna can achieve three different radiation patterns (−8°, 0°, and +8°) at 35 GHz. The pattern analysis was based on the electric field vector addition method. The analytical, simulated, and measured results agree well with each other. Due to its compact and thin structure of 3.7 mm × 5.2 mm × 0.4 mm, this antenna can be applied in fields such as satellites, smartphones, etc.

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35

Aris, Mohd Aziz, Mohd Tarmizi Ali, Nurulhuda Abd Rahman, and Idnin Pasya Ibrahim. "Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Array Using Defected Ground Structure for Outdoor Wireless Communication Systems." International Journal of Electrical & Electronic Systems Research (IEESR) 9, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ieesr.v9i1.1372.

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This paper proposes frequency reconfigurable antenna for outdoor wireless communication systems, the 4 x 4 array antenna has designed at two resonant frequencies 7.5 GHz and 8.85 GHz. The periodic dumbbell geometry etched on the ground layer newly proposed with dual functionality, to control desired frequency and to couple radiating patches at the top substrate with feeding line at the bottom substrate. The reconfigurability of the patch antenna is controlled by utilizing the copper pad of the feeding network with OPEN and SHORT states. The reconfigurable antenna has been simulated and optimized using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) to get the desired responds. The good agreement between simulation and measured results indicates that the frequency reconfigurable patch array antenna using Periodic Dumbbell Slotted Aperture Structure (FRPDSA) is feasible to support outdoor wireless communication systems.

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36

Navarajan, J., M. R. Ebenezar Jebarani, and V. Gokula Krishnan. "Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Multiband Applications with Shunt-Series MEMS Switch." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i12.5893.

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The wireless communication system is well developed and lots of antennas are designed and fabricated for this application. Still, the evolution of the communication system, the performance of the antenna is required to enhance to adopt the present era. The design of the antenna is most important for the performance of the antenna. Therefore, this work is designed and developed a novel antenna design for wideband application by utilizing frequency reconfigurable technique. The proposed work utilized microstrip patch antenna for the application of wideband and the Shun-series MEMS switch is applied for switching the frequency. The proposed antenna is designed with two switches and investigated with the switching conditions like ON-ON, OFF-ON, and OFF-OFF. The performance of the proposed antenna is validated by utilizing the antenna performance metrices such as Return loss, bandwidth, gain, VSWR, and radiation pattern for each switching condition. The simulation results are shows that the proposed antenna design with shunt-series MEMS switch is effectively performed and it is most suitable for the application of wireless communication system..

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37

Koley, Santasri, Himanshu Pant, and Lakhindar Murmu. "Half-Elliptical UWB Planar Monopole with Reconfigurable Slot Antenna for Cognitive Radio Front-End." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 13 (August 3, 2018): 1850213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618502134.

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In this paper, a half-elliptical disc ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna integrated with a reconfigurable rectangular slot antenna is presented. It consists of a half-elliptical disc radiator to operate in the UWB mode whereas the etched rectangular slot on the half-elliptical patch is designed to operate as a reconfigurable narrowband slot antenna which is fed through a microstrip line from the back side of the patch. Both the antennas are placed in such a way that they are isolated to each other. Frequency reconfigurability has been achieved by inserting three lumped elements (two PIN diodes and a varactor diode) in the slot. An approximate transmission line model of the proposed slot antenna is derived to calculate the proper positioning of the diodes, and the design has been verified through numerical simulations. The simple compact proposed antenna covers a wide frequency range from 0.75 to 12[Formula: see text]GHz. Additionally, a wide tuning range from 0.8 to 2.9[Formula: see text]GHz (with the frequency ratio of 3.625:1) has been achieved. This compact integrated antenna is a good choice to be implemented in Cognitive Radio (CR) devices.

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38

Saravanan, M., and M. J. S. Rangachar. "Polarization Reconfigurable Square Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 4 (September 4, 2018): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i4.805.

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In this paper, a single fed polarization reconfigurable antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of a radiating patch incorporated with a diagonal-shaped slot at its center. Four p-i-n diodes are used for polarization reconfiguration. The p-i-n diodes are placed in diagonal slot region. The proposed antenna is designed to operate in three states – linear polarization (LP), left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) by biasing corresponding p-i-n diodes. The antenna gives measured peak gain of 6.2 dBi for LP state and 5.82 dBic for both RHCP and LHCP states. It also achieves 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 5.95% for both RHCP and LHCP configurations. The antenna finds application in areas of modern wireless communication.

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39

Et. al., Salah Mohmad Alsadiq Aboghsesa,. "Roger 3450 Vs RF4 Martials - Based Frequency And Pattern Reconfigurable Rectangular Patch Slot Antennas For RFID Applications." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (April 11, 2021): 1145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.2432.

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Rectangular Patch Slot Antennas RPSA are getting becoming more likable and popular for practice in wireless implementations such as RFID applications especially in the UHF band thanks to its low-profile structure. This kind of antenna is able to deliver large communication distances but this antenna coverage is very weak which is part of the main drawbacks of these antennas. In this paper, Rectangular Patch Slot Antenna RPSA with different slots has been designed and simulated to be suitable for RFID applications. Circular polarized CP antenna that has been designed to use feed structure with vertical ground encircling a radiating component. The feeding method to feed this antenna is coaxial probe. The paper will concentration on both substrate materials Roger 4350 and FR4 Glass-Epoxy material to model and simulate the designs. The other factor of the design is the patch antenna will cut at the four truncated corners to enhance the antenna gain which will affect considerably the operating frequency. This paper aims to show and find the best feed point area that has an exceptional antenna return loss (S11) and high gain. S11 describe the power reflected from the antenna, which is known as the reflection coefficient S11 must be ≤ -10dB. The design and simulation results of RPSA has been done by high frequency simulation system (HFSS 13.0).

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40

Shah, S. M., M. F. M. Daud, Z. Z. Abidin, F. C. Seman, S. A. Hamzah, N. Katiran, and F. Zubir. "Frequency Reconfiguration Mechanism of a PIN Diode on a Reconfigurable Antenna for LTE and WLAN Applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 1893. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1893-1902.

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Microstrip patch antennas are increasingly gaining popularity for usage in portable wireless system applications due to their light weight, low profile structure, low cost of production and robust nature. The patch is generally made of a conducting material such as copper or gold and can take any possible shapes, but rectangular shapes are generally used to simplify analysis and performance prediction. Microstrip patch antenna radiates due to the fringing fields between the patch edge and ground plane. In this work, a frequency reconfigurable antenna with a BAR63-02V Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (PIN) diode is designed, simulated and fabricated. The antenna operates at 2.686GHz for Long-Term Evolution (LTE2500) and 5.164GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. In the OFF state, the antenna operates at 5.302GHz, which is also suitable for WLAN application. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a FR-4 substrate with a relative dielectric constant, εr of 4.5, thickness, h of 1.6mm and loss tangent, tan δ of 0.019. The fabrication process is carried out at the Advanced Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Design Laboratory in UTHM.

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41

Priya, Anumuthu, S. Kaja Mohideen, and Manavalan Saravanan. "Design of Polarization Reconfigurable Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 8 (October 7, 2020): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.350807.

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A single fed circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of a radiating patch incorporated with an H-shaped slot at its center. Four ultra-miniature switches are used for polarization reconfiguration. The antenna is designed to operate at the center frequency of 2.357 GHz. The antenna achieves either left-hand polarization or right-hand polarization depending upon switching of corresponding switches. The antenna parameters are simulated using Ansoft high-frequency structure simulator and are validated using an Agilent network analyzer (N9925A) and antenna test systems. The antenna achieves a good impedance match of 120MHz between 2.26GHz – 2.38GHz band and achieves low cross-polarization isolation of -22.82 dB for RHCP and -21.77 dB for LHCP configurations at its operating frequency. The antenna finds application in areas of modern wireless communication.

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42

Dewan, Raimi, M. K. A. Rahim, M. R. Hamid, M. F. M. Yusoff, H. A. Majid, and B. A. F. Esmail. "Dual Band to Wideband Pentagon-shaped Patch Antenna with Frequency Reconfigurability using EBGs." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 2557. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2557-2563.

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<p>A dual band to wideband reconfigurable pentagon-shaped antenna with EBG unit cell is proposed. A minimal number of two EBG unit cell is deployed to realize frequency reconfigurable mechanism. By varying the state of the EBG the antenna is capable to change its dual band operation to wideband alternately. There are three cases that have been analysed, first case is the EBG incorporated antenna with ideal and second is with the active EBG. Subsequently, the third cases is the fabricated ideal EBG incorporated antenna. The dual band operation is at 1.8 GHz and 5.2 GHz while the wide band from 1.6 GHz to 2.37 GHz (770 MHz). The proposed reconfigurable antenna is suitable to be implemented for LTE (1.6 GHz), Wi-Fi (5.2 GHz), WiMAX (2.3 GHz) and cognitive radio application.</p>

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43

Li, Wen Tao, Meng Wei, Bahareh Badamchi, Harish Subbaraman, and Xiaowei Shi. "A novel tri-band reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna." Frequenz 74, no. 7-8 (July 28, 2020): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2019-0130.

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AbstractIn this paper, a novel tri-band reconfigurable patch antenna with simple structure is presented. By changing the on-off state of only two PIN diodes, the antenna can operate in three bands, namely X-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band. The overall size of the antenna is 0.24λL × 0.5λL × 0.019λL, where λL is the free-space wavelength of the lowest operating frequency. A prototype is fabricated and measured to verify the design. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which indicate that the proposed antenna can be flexibly switched between three bands of 10.9–11.18 GHz, 15.65–15.9 GHz, and 32.3–33.6 GHz with stable radiation patterns.

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44

Chen, Yao, Longfang Ye, Jianliang Zhuo, Yanhui Liu, Liang Zhang, Miao Zhang, and Qing Huo Liu. "Frequency Reconfigurable Circular Patch Antenna with an Arc-Shaped Slot Ground Controlled by PIN Diodes." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7081978.

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In this paper, a compact frequency reconfigurable circular patch antenna with an arc-shaped slot loaded in the ground layer is proposed for multiband wireless communication applications. By controlling the ON/OFF states of the five PIN diodes mounted on the arc-shaped slot, the effective length of the arc-shaped slot and the effective length of antennas current are changed, and accordingly six-frequency band reconfiguration can be achieved. The simulated and measured results show that the antenna can operate from 1.82 GHz to 2.46 GHz, which is located in DCS1800 (1.71–1.88 GHz), UMTS (2.11–2.20 GHz), WiBro (2.3–2.4 GHz), and Bluetooth (2.4–2.48 GHz) frequency bands and so forth. Compared to the common rectangular slot circular patch antenna, the proposed arc-shaped slot circular patch antenna not only has a better rotational symmetry with the circular patch and substrate but also has more compact size. For the given operating frequency at 1.82 GHz, over 55% area reduction is achieved in this design with respect to the common design with rectangular slot. Since the promising frequency reconfiguration, this antenna may have potential applications in modern multiband and multifunctional mobile communication systems.

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45

ÇELİK, FEZA TURGAY, LALE ALATAN, and HATİCE ÖZLEM AYDIN ÇİVİ. "A compact pattern reconfigurable antenna employing shorted quarterwave patch antennas." Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences 30, no. 6 (January 1, 2022): 2179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.55730/1300-0632.3932.

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46

Boyapati, Bharathidevi, and Jayendra Kumar. "Parasitic Element Based Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna with Dual Wideband Characteristics for Wireless Applications." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i6.5619.

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A Microstrip Frequency Reconfigurable circular patch slot antenna for switchable Bluetooth, WiMAX, WLAN, and satellite communication applications is analyzed and presented in this work. The optimized overall size of 47 mm x40 mmx1.6 mm is utilized in the design, and which can cover wide range of frequencies below 10 GHz. In the initial phase, different monopole antennas are designed with various shapes of same size and later parasitic patch elements has been added to those monopole antennas. The circular monopole driven element and parasitic element are connected with a PIN diode, and which reinforced in achieving frequency reconfigurability. The proposed antenna is resonating at various frequencies of 2.4 GHz, 4 GHz, and 8.4 GHz when the diode in ON condition and resonating at 3 GHz, 5.4 GHz, and 8.4 GHz when the diode is in OFF condition. The performance of the designed antenna prototype is scaled and differentiated with the results of simulation and found good matching with respect to performance characteristics.

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47

Mukesh, Devika. "Design of Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 323–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38395.

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Abstract: With rapid evolution of wireless communication and mobile networking techniques, one of the major advancements is that fifth generation (5G) is envisioned in-order to meet the perpetual demand for greater network speed and capacity. This paper provides an overview of the design of five reconfigurable antennas for 5G wireless application is introduced by varying the substrate material used. Teflon, Taconic TLY, Rogers Ultralam 1217, Rogers RT/Duroid 5880, FR4 are the substrate materials used in designing the respective antennas. The proposed antenna designs employ a leaky-wave antenna based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide. Since this antenna is used in 5G communication systems, the centre frequency is taken as 28.5 GHz. The length width and height of each of the antennas are designed using design procedures of rectangular patch antenna for all five substrates respectively. Each antennas are compared based on their return loss, VSWR, gain, directivity and radiation pattern respectively and an inference regarding performance of each substrate is obtained. On comparing the results of all the five antennas in the ON and OFF condition of switch, the results are found to be best in case of Rogers RT/duroid 5880 with return loss of -15.2719dB, VSWR of 1.4165, gain of 4.6dB, directivity of 4.31dB in the ON condition and with a return loss of - 13.0779dB, VSWR of 1.6893, gain of 3.4dB and directivity of 3.7dB in the OFF condition. Further by changing the switches and replaced it by conducting sheet switches for reduction of loss and were able to achieve improved results with return loss of24.5026dB, gain of 5.1dB in the ON condition and return loss of -12.6608dB and gain of 3.8dB in the OFF condition which contributed to the novelty of the project. In the proposed antennas, beam steering is obtained due to the disturbances in surface current under the influence of changing voltage bias of the switches. The technologies used make the antenna design compact provides configurability, which makes this antenna a suitable candidate for 5G applications. Keywords: 5G, reconfigurable antenna, leaky wave antenna, half mode substrate integrated waveguide, millimeter wave, beam steering

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Li, Wen Tao, Shunlai Sun, Nana Qi, and Xiaowei Shi. "Reconfigurable Graphene Circular Polarization Reflectarray/Transmitarray Antenna." Frequenz 73, no. 3-4 (February 25, 2019): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2018-0156.

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Abstract Reconfigurable reflectarray/transmitarray antennas have found broad applications in wireless communication due to their low cost, small size, flexible design, and superior performance. However, one common drawback of most current designs is the complex reconfiguration operation, which restricts their further applications. In this research, a new design strategy for reconfigurable reflectarray/transmitarray antennas is proposed and shown. Specifically, a circularly polarized $11 \times 11$ unit-cell graphene-based reflectarray/transmitarray antenna covering an area of $1.1 \times 1.1$ mm2 is designed, with a graphene-based frequency selective surface (FSS) as a ground. By adjusting the electric field, a dynamic change in the complex conductivity of graphene is achieved, which in turn changes the phase and the resonance point of the reflected or transmitted wave at the element. By tuning the size of the patch and changing the chemical potential of graphene, the element of the reflectarray/transmitarray operated at 1 THz can provide a dynamic phase range of more than ${360^ \circ }$. The simulation results show that the designed antenna can be dynamically reconfigured between the circularly polarized reflectarray/transmitarray antenna of the single structure, and has potential applications in emerging terahertz communication systems.

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49

Wei, Wen-Bo, Qi-Zhong Liu, Ying-Zeng Yin, and Hai-Jin Zhou. "RECONFIGURABLE MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA WITH SWITCHABLE POLARIZATION." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 75 (2007): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier07053002.

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50

K. Garg, Tanuj, S.C.Gupta, S.S.Pattnaik, and Vipul Sharma. "Diamond Shaped Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna." International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control 6, no. 2 (September 6, 2016): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210327906666151124200656.

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