Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Reclining seat"

The vehicular market is undergoing a profound transformation that includes a trend toward fully automated driving. When travelling in automated systems, the main task is no longer driving. Therefore, the interior design of automated vehicles requires a renovation to adapt to new use cases. With this motivation, the use case of sleeping while travelling was chosen for this user study, in which different seat configuration conditions were evaluated. The three preselected seat positions for this research included the upright, reclined and flat seat positions. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the comfort of different seat angles in meeting the need to sleep in a moving vehicle. Since the physical experience of the occupants with a high-fidelity seat prototype is essential to evaluate the new interior concept of the vehicle of the future, in this study, the experimental participants were asked about their perception of comfort and overall user experience while travelling by car under close-to-real test conditions. Therefore, the primary objective of this evaluation was to explore different seat configurations and find the most suitable seat position for the use case of sleeping in a car while moving. Our findings suggest that users prefer reclining and flat seats in short-/medium- and long-term use cases, respectively.

Abstract The adjustable sitting inclination rehabilitation chair was fabricated with mild steel and soft upholstered fabric was used for the overlay on the seat, headrest and armrest. The components were coupled with a linear actuator at the upper frame for the reclining of the backrest about it axis. The wheels are located outboard of the seat of the chair to enhance stability while foot rest supports the posterior weight of the users. The narrow seat allows free movement of the leg when the user is seated. Sitting inclinations of 120 and 135° protect the spine disc from compression and proffer more comfort for the users than other angles experimented. The adjustable sitting inclination SCRC is simple and affordable for low-income people with Spinal cord injury, especially for those in developing countries in order to support other therapies for their recovery processes.

Firefighters and EMS providers continue to be challenged when lifting heavy patients in their homes. This study investigated the biomechanical efficacy of four devices that could be used by two-person teams when lifting patients from the floor, from a reclining chair, or from a Simulated Inflatable Seat at chair height. Fourteen firefighter-paramedics, working in two-person teams, were instrumented with motion capture and electromyographic sensors. The Binder LiftTM and the Simple Strap were used to lift patient actors, and were compared to current lifting methods. Postural data and the peak dynamic spine shear forces at the L5/S1 level were reduced when using the Simple Strap, the Binder Lift, and the Simulated Inflatable Seat. In summary, each of these devices has been shown to have biomechanical support for their use by EMS providers.

Background: Studies have not been conducted to investigate the influence of the height of the rotational axis of a wheelchair’s back support on the shear force applied to the buttocks during the reclining motion. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the difference in the rotational axis position of back support in the vertical direction on the horizontal force applied to buttocks for preventing decubitus ulcers. Study design: Repeated measures design. Methods: The subjects were 13 healthy adult men without leg and/or trunk diseases. The shear force was measured using a force plate. A comfortable sitting posture in the experimental chair was selected for measurement. The rotational axis was positioned 13 cm forward on the horizontal plane from the intersection between the seat and the back support. The axis positions on the vertical plane as two experimental conditions were the seat height and the 7.5-cm upward from the seat height which was nearer to the hip joint. Results: In returning the back support to an upright position, the horizontal force was 12.4 ± 1.6 (percent body weight) under the seat height-axis condition and 10.1 ± 1.8 (percent body weight) under the upward-axis condition ( p < 0.01). Conclusion: This result suggested that the wheelchair might have to be capable of adjusting the height of the rotational axis of the back support to reduce the horizontal force applied to buttocks. Clinical relevance This study shows one of the suggestions regarding seating approach for the prevention of decubitus ulcers. There is a possibility of reducing horizontal force applied to buttocks after reclined back support, by adjusting the height of the rotational axis position of wheelchair back support.

Des efforts de recherche et développement considérables portent actuellement sur des véhicules automatisés qui pourraient libérer les conducteurs des tâches de conduite. Le siège et l’intérieur de l’habitacle pourraient être modifiés pour mieux accommoder les activités autres que la conduite, telle que dormir, lire et travailler etc. Cependant, même si un grand niveau de sécurité est attendu pour ces futurs véhicules, des accidents continueront à survenir. Les dispositifs de protection actuels sont conçus pour une position de conduite. Ils pourraient nécessiter des modifications afin de conserver le niveau de protection actuel pour de nouvelles positions d’occupant. Cette thèse vise à identifier les risques et les opportunités en termes de protection de l’occupant associés à de nouvelles positions pouvant être introduites avec les véhicules automatisés. Sur le plan méthodologique, elle s’est largement appuyée sur les modèles humains numériques pour le choc qui se sont révélés comme un outil pertinent d'évaluation du risque. Une attention particulière a été portée à l'évaluation de la validité des modèles après repositionnement. Les travaux ont permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de retenue dans des positions semi-allongées en choc frontal. Ces positions apparaissent critiques avec une retenue délicate du bassin ou un chargement de la colonne lombaire selon l’angle d’assise. Une sensibilité importante à la position initiale du bassin a également été observée. Ces résultats pourront être utilisés afin d’aider à concevoir et à évaluer des nouveaux dispositifs de retenue. Afin de mieux connaître la posture de confort dans ces positions inclinées, une étude expérimentale a été réalisée à l’aide d’un siège multi-réglable. Ces expérimentations ont permis d’une part d‘identifier des configurations de siège de confort, et d’autre part d’établir les relations entre ces configurations de siège et la position du squelette interne, et en particulier celle du bassin. Ces résultats pourront notamment aider au positionnement des occupants lors d’essais physiques ou numériques. Dans l’ensemble, ces travaux montrent l’interaction forte entre le confort et la sécurité pour la conception de nouveaux habitacles automobiles
Considerable research and development efforts are currently focused on automated vehicles that could free drivers from driving tasks and allow them to perform new activities (e.g. working, sleeping). Such activities would benefit from new seating configurations. However, even if a high level of safety is expected for these future vehicles, accidents will continue to occur. Current protective devices are designed for a driving position. They may require modifications to maintain the current level of protection for new occupant positions. This thesis aims to identify the risks and opportunities in terms of occupant protection associated with new positions that could appear with automated vehicles. The analyses used digital human models for applied traffic safety which have proven to be a relevant risk assessment tool. Particular attention was paid to assessing the validity of the models after repositioning. The work provided a better understanding of the restraint mechanisms in reclined configurations during a frontal impact. These positions appear to be critical with a difficult restraint of the pelvis or loading of the lumbar spine depending on the seat angle. The occupant response was also significantly affected by the initial position of the pelvis. These results can be used to help design and evaluate new restraint systems. In order to better understand the comfortable position in these reclined configurations, an experimental study was carried out using a multi-adjustable seat. These experiments enabled, on the one hand, to identify the comfort seat configurations, and on the other hand to establish the relationships between these seat configurations and the position of the internal skeleton and in particular for the pelvis. These results can in particular help the positioning of occupants during physical or digital tests. Overall, this work shows the strong interaction between comfort and safety for the design of new passenger cars

The airport is a site of perpetual movement, punctuated by awkward periods of waiting, inclined towards an insular private way of being in an essentially public space. Such a public site is usually built with large metallic pillars and transparent glass panels on which the empty face of a nomadic passenger may fall and be distorted. Voices slip away and are rendered redundant. A gentrified lounge has no odour. Rows of metallic doors open and shut silently. Elevators go up and down carrying tired travellers keen to rest for a little while. Instructions appear on large LED screens. The lack of curiosity on the faces of itinerant travellers breeds social alienation. Moments of interest in an unknown other evaporate as the gentle automated announcement makes people aware that the time to leave is approaching. The sounds of escalators echo aimlessly along grey walls and ceiling skylights. Reclining figures and their organised belongings keep changing places. A vacant seat doesn’t remain empty for long – someone soon appears with an expressionless face and occupies the void. The felt vibrations of digital devices are mutually enticing. They converse, create intimacy and merge orgiastically to render the networked resonance a machine vision. This is the generic sonic environment of a typical airport. There are many similarities between the world’s largest airports, irrespective of dissimilarities between the languages used for announcements, built structures, background muzak, etc. A sonic environment of similar aural perspectives makes them uniform – all sounds, including human and automated voices, machinery, footsteps and baggage trolleys, coalesce with one another in an amalgamated futuristic atmosphere, within ...

At Land (Maya Deren, 1946) opens with shots of the sea. In the surge of liquid a woman’s body is visible. There is the sensual curve of her dark dress, and the line of her neck. Her cool pale skin, the sheen of the cloth, the salt water offer a stretch of sensations. In a cascade of shots, the film cuts to her shoulders, her long neck, a reclining head. The sweep of the camera shows the rush of water over her body, how her image is deformed in the flow, how the form dissolves in the waves. Her body re-emerges. Her head is cast back, the water rinsing through her long hair. Her mouth is open in rapture. The image seems at first one of drowning. Her body recedes and returns in the frame, moved in the water, her flesh unworldly, morbid, and fragile. The sequence effects a metamorphosis, a sleight of hand. She is there, alive, born. The sea recedes before the film cuts to the woman on the shore. Her eyes are open. Her dark pupils are peculiarly animate....

It was a strange house, grey and shuttered, and it seemed to blink from its windows, reclining sleepily as it was on the slope of a long street. Its deep-set door was stained white, and there was no keyhole, bell, or knocker. As if...