Дисертації з теми "Recherche d'état de transition"
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Yang, Xiaotian. "New transition state optimization and reaction path finding algorithm with reduced internal coordinates." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS481.
Повний текст джерелаThe characteristics of a chemical reaction are largely determined by the molecular structures associated with the reactant, the product, the transition state, and the path connecting them. Therefore, locating the stationary points on the molecular potential surface is the first step towards successful numerical modeling. Mathematically, reactants, products, and reactive intermediates are local minima on the potential energy surface. Two local minima are connected by a stationary point which is a maximum along the reaction path but a minimum in all other directions. This saddle point is called the transition state (TS) between the two local minima. Once all the important stationary points on the potential surface have been located, one can model the whole reaction process, including the mechanism(s) of the reaction and its kinetic and thermodynamic properties (reaction rate, equilibrium constant, exothermicity, etc.. For multistep reactions, the existence of intermediate(s) complicates the reaction mechanism. In addition, there may be multiple possible reaction paths, wherein different intermediate structures connect the same reactants and products. In these complicated scenarios, having a full minimum-energy path showing how reactants and products are connected by various sequences of structures is especially useful, as it provides researchers with atomistic detail about the reaction mechanism. This can be useful, for example, for designing better catalysts. [...]
Baka, Kristofor. "Recherche d'états de transition et modélisation des états excités dans les méthodes hybrides mécanique quantique-mécanique moléculaire. Application à divers processus biologiques." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10171.
Повний текст джерелаMoustabchir, Rachid. "Recherche d'une signature de phénomènes critiques et des effets dynamiques lors des collisions entre ions lourds aux énergies de Fermi." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008654.
Повний текст джерелаMinoukadeh, Kimiya. "Deterministic and stochastic methods for molecular simulation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597694.
Повний текст джерелаFouché, Olivier. "Cinétiques photo-induites à l'échelle nanoseconde de composés à transition d'état de spin et propriétés optiques de nanoparticules à transition d'état de spin." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371048.
Повний текст джерелаSabouri, Dodaran Amir Abbas. "Transition isolant-métal du Rb4C60 : équation d'état et structure électronique." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066297.
Повний текст джерелаN'Gbesso, N'dory Claude Vincent. "Recherche sur la notion de coup d’État en droit public. : Le cas de l'Afrique francophone." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0308.
Повний текст джерелаSince independence, African political regimes have remained very volatile, because of militarization of these political regimes, and also illegal and illegitimate accession to political power. But the democratic transitions of 1990 introduced a new constitutionalism with democracy and rule of law. However, the coup d'etat persists in being a privileged way of accession to political power. This situation should interest searchers. We might ask how public law pprehends the concept of a coup d'état
Sakaï, Nariaki. "Équation d'état et transition liquide-cristal dans une suspension granulaire confinée." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE049/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thermal-like behavior of a two-dimensional granular suspension maintained in an out-of equilibrium steady state is experimentally studied. We uncovered a state equation relating the density of particles and two measureable quantities that we interpret as a pressure and a temperature. The comparison of the equation of state to the hard disks one shows that there is attractive interaction between particles. The dependency of the temperature to the physical quantities of our suspension shows two regimes of fluctuations that we interpret as a viscous and an inertial regime. In the viscous regime, the system is additive: there is no long range correlation on fluctuations of density, which is surprising in a suspension where velocity correlations are usually known to be long ranged. Second, the system is subjected to liquid-to-crystal phase transition characterized by large fluctuations and heterogeneities that rise near the critical point. Heterogeneities are made of many locally crystallized patches of particles surrounded by a disordered fluid phase. The analysis of their morphologies shows scale invariance and allowed to extract several critical exponents using tools of percolation theory. Third, the energy flux which goes through the suspension in order to keep the system in a out of equilibrium steady state can be expressed simply with respect to physical quantities of the system, and shows that the way we inject energy is independent from the phase or the fluctuations regime of the system
Rançon-Schweiger, Adam. "Criticalité quantique et universalité d'un gaz de Bose au voisinage de la transition de Mott." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066453.
Повний текст джерелаWe study the quantum phase transition from the superfluid to the Mott insu- lator in the framework of the Bose-Hubbard model, which describes lattice bosons with on-site interactions. We implement a lattice formulation of the non-perturbative renormalization group, whose initial condition is the local limit (limit of decoupled sites). The results are in quantitative agreement for universal quantities (existence of two universality classes, critical exponents consistent with those expected) and non-universal ones (e. G. Phase diagrams in accordance with the best numerical ap- proaches). The density-driven Mott transition belongs to the universality class of the vacuum-superfluid transition of a dilute Bose gas. By characterizing the elementary excitations at the quantum critical point as bosonic quasiparticles, with effective mass m∗ and quasiparticle weight ZQP, whose interactions are given by an effec- tive “scattering length” a∗, we describe the universal thermodynamics near the Mott transition using the scaling functions of the dilute Bose gas. We also calculate the nontrivial scaling functions in two dimensions at finite temperature and compare them to recent experiments, demonstrating the universality of dilute Bose gases
Renou, Frédéric. "Transition liquide-solide de micelles polymères en solutions denses." Le Mans, 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA1015.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWater soluble associative polymers are macromolecules with an hydrophilic blaekbone with tethered hydrophobic groups. The polymeric system studied here is hydrophocally end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with alkyl group at one (monofunctionalized polymer) or both ends (di-functionalized) that form, in water, star-like or flower-like micelles respectively. At high concentration, the micelles are highly interpenetrated and jam with each others. At this time a transition from a low viscous liquid to an elastic solid occurs. Since water is a marginal solvent for PEO, one can vary the quality of the solvent by changing the temperature. This means that the liquid-solid transition is both function of concentration and temperature. The main goal of this work is a quantitative study of this liquid-solid transition. Ln particular, this investigation is addresses to the influence of mixing micelles with linear homopolymer or mixing different kinds of micelles
Kabtoul, Mohammad. "Recherche d'effets d'isospin dans les collisions d'ions lourds 136,124Xe + 124,112Sn à 32 A. MeV." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2073.
Повний текст джерелаThe INDRA multi-detector was exploited to study heavy ion collisions at Fermi energies in order to explore the so-called symmetry energy, which is the isospin dependence of the nuclear matter Equation of State. Our study has first focused on new data analysis techniques in order to select quasi-projectile sources compatible with a statistical de-excitation (“Sel” variable) and to sort quasi-fusion events and quasi-projectile/quasi-target events (variable “Vbigiso”). This first step was obtained with data from Xe+Sn and Au+Au reactions at different bombarding energies, specifically studying fragments and particles detected on the forward side of the reaction centre-of-mass. By analyzing the centre-of-mass forward light charged particles and fragments (Z>2) production in the reactions 136,124Xe+124,112Sn at 32 MeV/nucleon, corresponding to the fifth INDRA campaign at GANIL, we have confirmed the presence of isospin diffusion between projectile and target. We have shown that the magnitude of the diffusion increases with the collision violence, corresponding to increasing centrality. The experimental results were compared to theoretical predictions using both a phenomenological event generator, and the BNV/SMF transport model. A new variable is proposed to estimate the density dependence of the symmetry energy at sub-saturation densities. The first comparison with the BNV/SMF model shows that the Asy-stiff equation of state appears compatible with our data. The INDRA multi-detector was exploited to study heavy ion collisions at Fermi energies in order to explore the so-called symmetry energy, which is the isospin dependence of the nuclear matter Equation of State. Our study has first focused on new data analysis techniques in order to select quasi-projectile sources compatible with a statistical de-excitation (“Sel” variable) and to sort quasi-fusion events and quasi-projectile/quasi-target events (variable “Vbigiso”). This first step was obtained with data from Xe+Sn and Au+Au reactions at different bombarding energies, specifically studying fragments and particles detected on the forward side of the reaction centre-of-mass. By analyzing the centre-of-mass forward light charged particles and fragments (Z>2) production in the reactions 136,124Xe+124,112Sn at 32 MeV/nucleon, corresponding to the fifth INDRA campaign at GANIL, we have confirmed the presence of isospin diffusion between projectile and target. We have shown that the magnitude of the diffusion increases with the collision violence, corresponding to increasing centrality. The experimental results were compared to theoretical predictions using both a phenomenological event generator, and the BNV/SMF transport model. A new variable is proposed to estimate the density dependence of the symmetry energy at sub-saturation densities. The first comparison with the BNV/SMF model shows that the Asy-stiff equation of state appears compatible with our data
Keita, Mohamed Ousmane. "Recherche sur la transition politique et économique au Mali : l'État inachevé." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0107.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is both critical and pragmatic. A criticism of Mali’s recent history read in the light of the tools provided by the legal analysis, sociology and anthropology of law. This critical intent led to examine the history of Mali’s origins in a genetic perspective that has been detailed in the prolegomena. Pragmatic, the thesis puts forward proposals related to the concrete situation of Mali, along the lines of a deregulation of consciences and the re-introduction of constitutive standards into the Malian Republic. The language analysis proved valuable in meeting these two requirements. They also enabled to identify some shortcomings in legal dogma generally more anxious to graft prefabricated concepts onto African realities, rather than capture these realities with their nuances as close as possible. It therefore seemed appropriate to analyze the strategies of ordinary actors of the Malian political society. The consideration of the concepts handled by these latter accounts for the use of indigenous languages. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of Mali’s chaotic development in the aftermath of the relinquishment of the fathers’ project of independence under the double pressure of economic constraints and cultural determinants. The second part draws the relevant consequences from the point of view of constitutional theory. Thus, the thesis concludes with the proposal for reform of the system of African Unity based, upon as all the above, Bambara language’s saying : “Sleeping on the mat of others is like sleeping on the floor
Le, Godec Yann. "Etude du nitrure de bore sous hautes pression et température." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077138.
Повний текст джерелаDing, Guoquing Chéron Arnaud. "Transition d'emploi à emploi et dispersion des salaires approches théoriques et empiriques /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2007/2007LEMA2001.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKhuong, Thi thu huong. "Investigation of the regulation of photosynthesis at the molecular level for improvement of plant growth and productivity under limiting light conditions." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4001.
Повний текст джерелаLight is indispensable for plant survival, but plants have to cope with different environmental situations where light quantity and quality can be not optimal for photosynthesis. This can cause photodamage due to the formation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). To limit ROS formation, plants developed a mechanism important as the dissipation of excess absorbed energy as heat and is called Non Photochemical Quenching (NPQ). The PsbS protein plays the key role of sensor of the low lumenal pH, the signal to activate NPQ. In this thesis, we proposed and investigated the hypothesis that PsbS absence (NPQ decrease) would improve growth under controlled low light upon elimination of the PsbS in Arabidopsis and tomato plants. Results showed that the increase of photosystem II yield in mutant plants leaded to a significant improvement of growth and flower number in mutants as compared with wild type plants under low light, suggesting that this mutation could be useful to improve plant performances in controlled conditions where light is strongly limiting. In addition, another photosynthetic regulation, called “state transitions”, which is important to optimize photosynthesis under variable light for intensity and quality thank to reversible migration of phosphorylated light harvesting complexes LHCII from PSII to PSI also investigated in my thesis
Naili, Nabil. "Etude comparative des propriétés thermodynamiques et recherche de la miscibilité entre divers gaz d'injection et des huiles légères : application à deux gisements algériens : Mesdar et Zarzaitine." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10041.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Qi. "L'adaptation des entreprises d'état chinoises à l'ouverture économique : conditions institutionnelles et adaptations stratégiques." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50374-2007-Zhang.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаNataf, Lucie. "Propriétés élastiqueset magnétiques des alliages Invar Fe-Ni et FePt en fonction de la pression et de la température." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066392.
Повний текст джерелаPichon, Matthieu. "Bimodalité et autres signatures possibles de la transition de phase liquide-gaz de la matière nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007451.
Повний текст джерелаDing, Guoquing. "Transition d'emploi à emploi et dispersion des salaires : approches théoriques et empiriques." Le Mans, 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2007/2007LEMA2001.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis provides a new theory to explain equilibrium wage dispersion, by emphasizing the role of labor market frictions as well as job-to-job transitions. The outline of the thesis is as follows. In the first chapter, we survey the recent developments of equilibrium search theory and focus on a fundamental question of labor economics : why are workers paid differently ? In chapter 2, we proceed to empirical analysis of equilibrium search model along two directions : wage dispersion and job-to-job transitions. We use data from French Labor Survey (FLS 1990-1999). In chapter 3, we develop the job search theory to give an alternative explanation of equilibrium wage distribution. We reinspect the role of endogenous search effort in a pure environment where all workers and firms are respectively identical. In chapter 4, we turn to investigate the impact of the firm to market wage dispersion and, in particular, job-to-job transitions
Mottaghizadeh, Alireza. "Non-conventional insulators : metal-insulator transition and topological protection." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066652/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis manuscript presents an experimental study of unconventional insulating phases, which are the Anderson insulator, induced by disorder, the Mott insulator, induced by Coulomb interactions, and topological insulators.In a first part of the manuscript, I will describe the development of a method to study the charge response of nanoparticles through Electrostatic Force Microscopy (EFM). This method has been applied to magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles, a material that presents a metal-insulator transition, i.e. the Verwey transition, upon cooling the system below a temperature Tv=120K. In a second part, this manuscript presents a detailed study of the evolution of the Density Of States (DOS) across the metal-insulator transition between an Anderson-Mott insulator and a metallic phase in the material SrTiO3 and this, as function of dopant concentration, i.e. oxygen vacancies. We found that in this memristive type device Au-SrTiO3-Au, the dopant concentration could be fine-tuned through electric-field migration of oxygen vacancies. In this tunnel junction device, the evolution of the DOS can be followed continuously across the metal-insulator transition. Finally, in a third part, the manuscript presents the development of a method for the microfabrication of Aharonov-Bohm rings with the topological insulator material, Bi2Se3, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Preliminary results on the quantum transport properties of these devices will be presented
Sperber, Nathan. "Repenser le capitalisme d'État : l'économie politique chinoise en perspective comparée." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0070.
Повний текст джерелаThis study seeks to revisit the notion of "state capitalism", at once theoretically and empirically, comparatively and monographically, in view of renewing the critical understanding of the state's involvement in capitalist markets in the current period. This endeavour is premised on a critical examination of the extant theoretical literature on state-market relations, including past writings that have grappled explicitly with "state capitalism", both in the previous century and in recent years. It entails, further, the design and implementation of a novel conceptual-methodological framework for the comparative assessment of degrees, modalities, and institutional sites of state control and influence over the economic process. Finally, it features an in-depth investigation of the institutional instantiations and societal ramifications of the party-state's economic attributions in the People's Republic of China, the national formation most frequently identified with state capitalism today. Overall, this study embodies an attempt to vindicate the relevance of a reconstructed concept of state capitalism for critical political economy, and specifically for the research agenda on comparative capitalism. Additionally, it purports to reclaim the problematics of social agency and elite formation in relation to the elucidation of the capitalist state. In so far as it sheds light on China's development trajectory in the reform era and on its present-day political-economic configuration, this study also represents an effort to further the integration of China within comparative research in political economy
Kerléo, Jean-François. "La transparence en droit : recherche sur la formation d'une culture juridique." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30069.
Повний текст джерелаWhat legal culture do the uses of transparency reveal? What reasoning is behind the apparently obvious meaning of a concept when it is used? Answering these questions requires the use of a new method which considers law as a particular cultural phenomenon, as well as a comprehensive study comparing the notion of transparency as used in different legal topics. As a matter of fact, transparency applies to the State and all public authorities, as well as to the individual and businesses. This study aims at understanding why and how such a concept has become rampant in legal discourse and rationalizing the uses of the word by proposing its typology.As the product of the sedimentation of many concepts, transparency is part and parcel of legal imagination. It adapts to very different political regimes that are not necessarily democratic. It corresponds to the will of the actors of the legal system to put more emphasis on political communication, the moralization of power, the control of individual actions, economic performance. From this fertile intellectual variety, transparency derives a multiple way of working. Its necessarily relative meaning is visible through the several denotations of the term, the most common ones being publicity, motivation, intelligibility, accessibility, etc., and through its multifarious connotations, oriented towards democracy and its variations. These connotations reveal a rhetorical use of transparency: it is used to support arguments used to justify an idea, a standard, a legal order, an authority, etc.The reconstruction of the legal reasoning about the notion of transparency ultimately leads to the questioning of one's own knowledge, that is to say, the analysis of the modes of acquisition and the contents of the information needed to act, the beliefs and representations of actors, the legal issues at stake, and the relationship of law and political and economic efficiency
Rançon, Adam. "Criticalité quantique et universalité d'un gaz de Bose au voisinage de la transition de Mott." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761694.
Повний текст джерелаCarrière, Simon. "Recherche de précurseurs géophysiques à la transition solide-fluide dans les glissements-coulées affectant les matériaux argileux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU021/document.
Повний текст джерелаLandslides affecting clay materials sometimes evolve in quick earthflows that can constitute serious threats for populations and infrastructures. This thesis focuses on the search of possible geophysical precursors for the solid-fluid transition that characterizes these clay materials, and also on the understanding of the processes involved in this transition. Firstly, laboratory rheometrical experiments carried out on clays samples coming from five flow-like landslides yield the following results: 1) the water content deviation from the Atterberg liquid limit controls the stress at which the sample fluidizes; 2) sample fluidization is accompanied by a drop in the elastic shear modulus (hence, in the shear wave velocity); 3) fluidization is not accompanied by a change in electrical resistivity.Secondly, processing of data coming from a surveillance system (seismic, electric, geodesic and meteorological data) on the Pont-Bourquin landslide in Switzerland shows that: 1) landslide kinematics is correlated at short term (a few days) with rainfall; 2) material stiffness measured by seismic parameters is influenced at short term (a few days) by rainfall and at longer term (a hundred days) by temperature; 3) apparent electrical resistivity measured with a system of electrodes located on the stables banks of the landslide is very sensitive to changes at the surface and hardly exhibits possible changes at depth
Boucher, Aude-Claire. "Recherche de catalyseurs peu sensibles à la présence de monoxyde de carbone pour piles à combustible PEMFC alimentées en gaz de reformage." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2291.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to prepare and to characterize platinum-based bimetallic catalyst before testing their electrocatalytic activities, as fuel cell anode, in presence of some ppm of carbon monoxide. In order to avoid platinum poisoning, another metal such as tin is added. This process results in a material more tolerant to CO. A supported Pt-Sn catalyst was prepared by a chemical route, using a platinum carbonyl complex. This material was characterized by physical and chemical methods which indicate that it is constituted of nanostructured Pt3Sn particles. These particles have a narrow distribution size with a mean diameter of approximately 2 nm. Its activity towards CO, particularly in fuel cell conditions, was compared with an analogue commercial catalyst. This electrochemical study shows that the catalyst prepared from the carbonyl precursor is less sensitive to CO than the commercial one
Delsenne, Ludivine. "Les Etats du Maghreb et la Turquie en recherche de modernité : Approche des évolutions en termes de démocratie représentative pluraliste, d'état de droit et droits de l'homme." Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL20024.
Повний текст джерелаModernity, hones angular dominant ground problems of Islam, is often reduced to dialectical of confrontation wrongly limited to the dialogue run up against between an antiquated civilization and a modern occident tending to reproduce the old conflict between the two religions of the book. Our intention is to account for the complexity of the relations between Islam and modernity, in the light of the experiments of Turkey and States of the Maghreb in their adaptation to a legal international environment in constant effervescence. A permanent tension enters the Western legal model often perceived like neo-colonial but considered universal and the respect of the Moslem cultural identity marked national ambivalence from the texts between the adoption of the Western constitutionnalism and the maintenance of the references to Islam, causing a certain legal ambiguity of the State. Question of the constitutional relationship between State and Islam, rises that from secularity like model of modernity adopted by Turkey, and to a certain extent by Tunisia, which remains however durably posed for Algeria and Morocco. Moreover, the attempts at bringing together between the cultural blocks, in particular between Europe and the Mediterranean, lead to a progressive and irreversible impregnation systems of national law by the international legal order conceived like a system of positive standards but also like a legal vision of the world aiming at imposing the construction of the State of right like inescapable. It results from it for the studied States a dynamic tension between the will to preserve their legal identity and that to introduce the parameter characteristics of the State of right. But, until now, this transposition remains formal. The heart of the questioning, the humans right and in particular the women's rights seem the last bastion of resistance of the complete evolution of the States studied towards modernity
Moine, Edouard. "Estimation d’énergies de GIBBS de solvatation pour les modèles cinétiques d’auto-oxydation : développement d’une banque de données étendue et recherche d’équations d’état cubiques et SAFT adaptées à leur prédiction." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0295/document.
Повний текст джерелаLiquid phase oxidation of hydrocarbons (also called autoxidation) is central to a large number of processes in the petrochemical industry as it plays a key role in the conversion of petroleum feedstock into valuable organic chemicals. This phenomenon is also crucial in oxidation-stability studies of fuels and its derivatives (aging). These liquid-phase oxidation reactions entail radical mechanisms involving more than thousands of compounds and elementary reactions. Kinetic modelling of these kinds of reactions remains a significant challenge because it requires thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, which are not abundant in literature. The EXGAS software, developed at LRGP, is able to generate these kinds of models but only for oxidation reactions taking place in a gaseous phase. It is assumed that the nature of elementary reactions in the liquid and gaseous phases is the same. The unique need to transfer a kinetic mechanism from a gas phase to a liquid phase is to update kinetic rate constant values and equilibrium constant values (called thermokinetic constants) of mechanism reactions. Therefore, in the framework of this PhD thesis, a new method aimed at applying a correction term to thermokinetic constants of gaseous phases is proposed in order to obtain constants usable to describe liquid-phase mechanisms. This correction involves a quantity called partial molar solvation GIBBS energy. An analysis of the precise definition of this property led us to conclude that it can be simply expressed as a function of fugacity coefficients and liquid molar density. As a result, this property could also be expressed with respect to measurable thermodynamic quantities as activity coefficients or HENRY’s law constants. By combining all the experimental data related to these measurable properties that can be found in the literature, it was possible to develop a comprehensive databank of partial molar solvation GIBBS energies (called the CompSol database). This database was used to validate the use of the UMR-PRU equation of state to predict solvation quantities. Moreover, the bases of a new parameterization for SAFT-type equations of state were laid. It consists in estimating pure-component parameters of SAFT-like equation using a very simple, reproducible and transparent path for non-associating pure components. This equation was used to calculate partial molar GIBBS energy of solvation of pure and mixed solutes. Last, equations of state were combined with EXGAS software to model the oxidation of n-butane in the liquid phase
Collombier, Virginie. "Le parti sera-t-il la solution ? : le parti national démocratique égyptien, instrument de conquête du pouvoir dans un régime autoritaire en transition." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENH026.
Повний текст джерелаFrom 2000, as the Egyptian regime has to adapt to a context – because of increased internal and external pressure and the perspective of presidential succession – a new group of political actors led by Gamal Mubarak, the younger son of the president, starts implementing a strategy for gaining power. These newcomers on the political scene – most of whom are businessmen and academics – decide to use the National Democratic Party, the presidential party heir to the former single party, as the main instrument of their strategy. They consider it to the most appropriate tool at their disposal since 'democracy' has become a central reference everywhere in the world. In order to get ready for 2011 presidential election, they aim at reforming the presidential party and turning it into a modern and efficient organization thanks to which they could gain power through elections and thus become legitimate rulers, both at the national and international level. In 2008, the main pillars of their strategy have been set up. Gamal Mubarak and his associates have acquired important responsibilities within the political system. They have managed to initiate change : the party is better organized and operates differently. Despite the efforts they have made and the results they have reached however, it remains uncertain whether Gamal Mubarak and his associates will be able to gain power in 2011
Rose, Félix. "Dynamique et transport au voisinage d'une transition de phase quantique en dimension deux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066558/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe study the relativistic O (N) model, a quantum generalization of the φ⁴ theory used in statistical physics to study some phase transitions. This model describes quantum phase transitions such as the Mott insulator-superluid transition in boson gases trapped in optical latices or the paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition in magnets. In two space dimensions, these systems exhibit strong correlations near the transition. We study them using the nonperturbative renormalization group, an implementation of Wilson’s renormalization group. We focus on the universal properties in the vicinity of the zero-temperature quantum phase transition. We determine the universal scaling functions which define the thermodynamics and we show that these functions are related to those describing the critical Casimir forces in a three-dimensional system. Then, we study the excitation spectrum in the zero-temperature ordered phase. For N = 2 and 3, we establish the existence of an amplitude mode, also called “Higgs mode” by analogy with the Higgs mechanism in high-energy physics. For N = 1, we show the existence of a bound state at dimensions close to three. Finally, we compute the frequency-dependent conductivity at zero temperature and confirm its universal character, in particular at the transition. We prove that one of the components of the conductivity tensor in the ordered phase is a “superuniversal” quantity depending neither on the distance to the critical point nor on N
Ansel, Benoît. "Recherche et développement de nouvelles sécurités pour la protection et l'authentification de documents fiduciaires." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S098.
Повний текст джерелаFighting against forgery and counterfeiting of secured documents is a constant challenge. To secure efficiently banknotes and passports, the use of molecular materials is an exclusive way. The collaboration between the Laboratory of Organometallic for Optics and Oberthur Technologies made possible to develop two new security systems. These securities are based , on one hand, on the use of bipyridine derivatives with colours changing under microwaves, and, on the other hand, on the use of P-type and T-type photochromic compounds with a succession of colours changing under UV-Visible lights irradiation and heating. After a first chapter making an overview of the last innovations in the security field, the last two chapters describe the results obtained on the development of two new secured devices
Gauvin, Régis. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux complexes des métaux de transition du groupe 4 : recherche d'une alternative aux catalyseurs métallocène." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13155.
Повний текст джерелаSchneider, Christian Michael. "Structure institutionnelle des activités de recherche et transition des économies d'Europe centrale et orientale : le cas des anciens instituts de branche en Pologne et en République tchèque." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010084.
Повний текст джерелаLeon, Alexandre. "Commutateurs RF à base de matériaux à changement d’état : conception, caractérisation et application." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT127.
Повний текст джерелаAs wireless telecommunication systems complexity continues to increase, there is a need to develop RF systems with higher performances and agility. In this context, SCM (State Change Material), already used to develop the next generation of non-volatile memory (PCRAM, CBRAM), were recently evaluated to realize RF switches. Among these SCM, PCM (Phase Change Material) are an attractive option to realize miniature and high speed reconfigurable RF components that could be easily integrated with CMOS circuits.In line with the LETI / DCOS (Silicon Components Division) strategy, PhD will aim to develop a disruptive RF components technology based on SCM that will allow designing innovative and reconfigurable FEM (Front End Module) circuits
Lacombe, Camille. "Approche pragmatiste de l'accompagnement d'une transition agroécologique : une recherche action avec une association d'éleveurs et conseillers dans le rayon de Roquefort." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0135/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe explore in this research the organizational dimensions of agroecological transition and the ways to support it locally. The support of agroecological transition requires connecting differentprocesses of individual and collective transformations of agricultural development and production activities. We design a device for action reseach within an agroecological transition project, carriedby a farmers and advisers association in the Roquefort area. We implement with them a social experiment to explore this problem both from theoretical and practical point of view. In our casethe connection between individual and collective transformation of participant activities required farmers and advisers to design together tools to accompany the agroecological transition on farms. This process allowed the debate about the diversity of agricultural models and representations that actors have regarding agroecological transition. It as well allows engaging advisers and farmers jointly in the agroecological transition. These transformations have been enhanced by the fact that the co-design process was organized as a dialogical process between design and experimentation of the tools in diverse real situations of use on farms. At the end of this journey, we propose to develop a pragmatist approach to accompany locally the agroecological transition
Lavrskyi, Mykola. "Modélisation en fonctionnelle de la densité atomique des transformations de phases dans le système Fe-C à basse température." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis examines the formation of martensite in Fe-Ni-C steels and the diffusion of carbonatoms in this phase at low temperatures. To achieve this goal the atomistic modeling have beenused. To describe these phenomena two different approaches were developed: a discretemodel based on the Atomic Density Function (ADF) theory and the quasiparticle approachesbased on the Atomic Fraton Theory (AFT). First, the AFT was tested to model a self-assemblykinetics of initially disordered systems to three different classes of ordered one: singlecomponent crystals with fcc and diamond structures, two component crystals with zinc-blendstructure, and polymers with single-strand and double-stranded helixes structures. Then thisapproach was applied to model austenite/martensite transformation. It was shown thatmartensite nucleus grows as multivariant aggregate in austenite matrix. Using pole figures andsimulated diffraction patterns these variants were identified and compared with the experimentaldata. The carbon diffusion in martensite phase was studied using ADF theory. Two systemswith the different elastic properties corresponding to the Fe-C and Fe-Ni-C systems wereconsidered. It was shown that during a first stage of aging the carbon atoms undergo a spinodaldecomposition on the octahedral interstices of bcc lattice and form the carbon-rich zones. Then"tweed-like" morphology of carbon-rich zones is developed. The simulations results are a goodagreement with experimental images obtained by atom probe tomography. The relationbetween Zener ordering and the concentration of carbon reach zones is discussed
Lusalusa, Keyunga Tosamba Simon. "Contribution à l'étude d'indicateurs de performances dans l'apprentissage de la statistique: recherche évaluative réalisée à la transition de l'enseignement secondaire et universitaire belge." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212103.
Повний текст джерелаDa, silva Jordan. "Relation entre HER2 et FHIT dans la progression tumorale des cancers broncho-pulmonaires." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS021.
Повний текст джерелаThe lack or decrease of FHIT (fragile histidine triad) expression is a common event in lung cancer. We previously showed that FHIT controls the invasiveness of lung tumor cells by regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and that its expression is correlated with the activation of HER2 receptor. Here, we investigated the implication of the relationship between FHIT and HER2 during lung tumor progression and its potential clinical relevance.Firstly, we showed a negative correlation between FHIT expression and the activated form of HER2 in primary tumor cells from NSCLC patients. Moreover, a stable KO FHIT cell model, using CRISPR/cas9 technology, allowed to show that inhibition of FHIT expression induces HER2 activation associated with an EMT program through the involvement of LRP-1 receptor and ERK signaling. We also demonstrated that anti-HER2 drugs, irbinitinib and trastuzumab, restore a more epithelial phenotype and counteract invasiveness and growth of FHIT-silenced tumor cell lines. Finally, we showed that the FHITlow/pHER2high phenotype is associated with vimentin expression and predicts sensitivity to an anti-HER2 therapy in primary tumor cells from NSCLC patients.Our results showed that FHIT regulates the activity of HER2 receptor in lung tumor cells and that HER2 specific inhibitors decrease the aggressiveness of FHIT-inactivated tumor cells. This study suggests that phenotypic plasticity of tumor cells could be a predictive biomarker for targeted therapies and that a new subclass of patients with NSCLC may be eligible for an anti-HER2 therapy
Esnault, Benoît. "La transition du monopole à la concurrence sur les marchés du gaz naturel en Europe : l'importance stratégique du stockage souterrain." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE014.
Повний текст джерелаLevallois, Pierre. "L'établissement public marchand : Recherche sur l'avenir de l'entreprise en forme d'établissement public." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D239%26selfsize%3D1.
Повний текст джерелаAs a representation of the undertaking in the form of a publicly owned establishment, the French publicly owned industrial and commercial establishment disappoints, to such an extent that the question of its durability arises openly. Under its banner, undertaking in the form of a publicly owned establishment undergoes two kinds of assaults. First, the use of the publicly owned industrial and commercial establishment for the sake of administrative activities management convenience was a decisive blow to its undertaking identity. Moreover, the heaviness of its legal status questions its legitimacy to serve as a support for an economic activity. Second, if competition law has so far merely neutralized its statutory benefits, it now seems to be simply excluding it from the market. In fact, it considers that with its legal status goes an implied guarantee, which it regards as prohibited State aid. The thesis then takes advantage of the decay of the publicly owned industrial and commercial establishment to suggest a new model of undertaking in the form of a publicly owned establishment: the merchant publicly owned establishment. On the one hand its very existence is justified by the difficulties of the model of the commercial society to stand in for the public establishment as much as by the potentialities offered by the latter in terms of competition for the market. On the other hand, the coming of the publicly owned merchant establishment presupposes a cultural revolution in the way in which administrative law contemplates the economic intervention of public persons. It is essential to suggest a regime of the merchant publicly owned establishment worthy of its vocation as a market and, at the same time, in conformity with European Union law
GAUTIER, LEFEBVRE ISABELLE. "Synthese et evaluation biologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de type analogues de l'etat de transition et analogues bisubstrats de la chitine synthetase. Recherche d'agents antifongiques." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS006.
Повний текст джерелаHubert, Christophe. "Etude de la langatate (La3Ga5,5Ta0,5O14) sous haute pression." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077028.
Повний текст джерелаBento, Nuno. "La transition vers une économie de l'hydrogène : infrastructures et changement technique." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463857.
Повний текст джерелаBissoli, Nicolau Victor. "Performances de détection et de localisation des terminaux « SAR » dans le contexte de transition MEOSAR." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11301/1/bissoli_nicolau.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGueudet, Ghislaine. "Entrée à l'université / Ressources en ligne. Eclairages théoriques et actions didactiques dans deux champs de recherche en didactique des mathématiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349254.
Повний текст джерела- l'entrée à l'université, et en particulier les difficultés que pose l'enseignement de l'algèbre linéaire au début de l'université ;
- l'emploi de ressources en ligne pour l'apprentissage et l'enseignement des mathématiques à tous les niveaux scolaires, et en particulier de ressources du type « bases d'exercices en ligne ».
Dans le premier chapitre, je montre comment différentes perspectives de recherche amènent à s'intéresser à différents types de difficultés des étudiants novices, à identifier diverses causes pour celles-ci, et à suggérer différents moyens d'action didactique à l'entrée dans le supérieur, pour le cas de l'algèbre linéaire en particulier.
Le deuxième chapitre porte sur le thème des ressources en ligne. Mes recherches ont concerné plusieurs facettes de ce thème : l'analyse didactique des ressources ; la question des comportements et des apprentissages des élèves ou étudiants travaillant avec de telles ressources ; enfin les conséquences de l'emploi de ces ressources sur les pratiques des enseignants. J'expose en particulier les apports complémentaires d'analyses en termes de contrat didactique et d'approche instrumentale. Pour le professeur, la nécessité d'une prise en compte globale des ressources susceptibles d'intervenir dans son activité professionnelle m'a conduite à prendre part au développement d'une approche théorique spécifique, introduisant la notion de genèse documentaire.
Je présente enfin dans un troisième chapitre mes perspectives de recherche, dans lesquelles l'étude des genèses documentaires constitue un axe majeur.
Albert, Sébastien. "Recherche de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes des voies aéro-digestives supérieures : intérêt de SDF-1/CXCR4 et des facteurs de la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077059.
Повний текст джерелаThe prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor with an overall 5-year survival of 60%. The hypoxic environment of these tumors is an important factor of aggressiveness, and promotes the emergence of aggressive molecular factors such as SDF-1/CXCR4. We first evaluated by immunohistochemical staining the expression and the prognostic value of SDF-1/CXCR4, of markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (E-cadherin and Vimentin) and a marker of hypoxia CA9, in resected tumors of 47 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue. CXCR4 expression in primary tumor samples was significantly higher in patients with high-grade tumors, lymph node metastases, and microscopic nerve invasion (p≤0. 05). Tumors with high CXCR4 and/or Vimentin expression were correlated with poor overall survivaL In a second step, we investigated the expression of the same molecular factors in initial tumor biopsies prior to treatment, in patients with hypopharyngeal/laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, treated by induction chemotherapy for laryngeal preservation. We included 42 patients, divided in responder (n=22) and non-responder (n=20) to chemotherapy. High expression levels of SDF-1 and loss of E-cadherin in cancer cells were shown to correlate with resistance to induction chemotherapy. In addition to its prognostic value and predictive value of response to chemotherapy, the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis could be of interest as a therapeutic target in HNSCC
Lebrun, Geoffroy. "Office du juge administratif et questions préjudicielles : recherche sur la situation de juge a quo." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0261.
Повний текст джерелаPreliminary issues challenge the role of the administrative law judge who formulates them.They are regarded as being accessory to the principle case at bar. They may even be perceived assecondary issues. This study of administrative litigation, based on a systematic analysis ofadministrative case law, aims to establish the opposite. Preliminary issues are characterized by theirdiversity as well as by their influence on the lawsuit, however, they are often perceived as useless andcumbersome procedural complications aiming to delay the resolution of the dispute. This study aimsto explicit the process by which the administrative law judge builds a preliminary issue and what is thelegal foundation of such an issue. From this angle, albeit the fact that the parties to the main disputeplay an essential role, it is the judge, who mainly retains the power to formulate the preliminary issue.This analysis challenges the traditional portrayal of preliminary issues as paralyzing the judicial“office”. To the contrary, far from immobilizing the “office of the judge”, an in depth study of positivelaw reveals the extensive powers that the judge a quo possesses with regards to the case at bar.Finally, the reception by the judge a quo of the preliminary ruling corresponds to a sharing of juridicalsovereignty implying the passing of a juridical act emanating from a process of co-decision. Thisstudy aims to shed light on the functioning and the complexity of a mechanism rarely examined fromthis angle. This study equally allows for an exploration of the main legal issues relating to the judicialfunction and the “Office” of the administrative law judge when placed in the situation of judge a quo
Marquart, Nicolas. "Recherche de discriminants polarimétriques dans la diffraction par des objets situés à proximité de l'interface plan entre deux milieux diélectriques à pertes." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012029.
Повний текст джерелаLe champ rétrodiffusé dans le cas monostatique est analysé au moyen de la théorie géométrique de la diffraction (G.T.D) ou la méthode étalon. Dans cette thèse, un modèle de rayon précis a été implémenté. Une attention toute particulière a été portée aux zones de transition, où proches de telles frontières d'ombre, les rayons réfléchis disparaissent et se transforment en rayons rampants sur la cible et sont fortement atténués dans la zone d'ombre. Les études ont montré que les éléments de la matrice de Sinclair [S] et les états de polarisation caractéristiques associés présentent une variation rapide sur la sphère de Poincaré. Les localisations significatives sur la sphère de Poincaré peuvent être exploitées afin d'extraire l'information sur les paramètres géométriques ou les propriétés géophysiques de l'environnement.
Benantar, Abdelaziz. "Optimisation pour des problèmes industriels de tournées de véhicules : vers une transition énergétique." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH12.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis focuses on the study of real road transportation and distribution pro-blems. The question concerns in particular the optimization of two different vehicle routing problems arising in the distribution of petroleum products and the transfer of containers. The first problem, modelled as an application of the multi-compartment vehicle routing problem with time windows (MCVRPTW), is solved by using a tabu search method. The same method is then applied to two other variants. One introduces additional constraints related to loading operations for petroleum products on the compartments, while the other one includes the ad-justment concept in quantities applied for. Moreover, in the context of an energy transition, we addressed the container transfer problem using a fleet of electric trucks in the industrial port zone of Le Havre. The optimization involves two levels : the strategic level for dimensioning electrical infrastructures and the operational level for constructing the vehicle routes. Only the strategic level is tackled with a research project thanks to a coupling of optimization and simulation
Frankland, J. D. "Etude de systèmes très lourds observés avec INDRA: première mise en évidence d'un effet de volume dans le processus de multifragmentation nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204534.
Повний текст джерелаCes réactions ne correspondent ni aux collisions les plus centrales ni aux événements les plus isotropes (dans l'espace des impulsions des fragments), et ne peuvent pas donc être isoleés correctement des collisions binaires profondément inélastiques dominantes à partir de ces critères. Une première comparaison des données sélectionnées avec un code statistique indiquent l'origine des fragments dans un système dilué à topologie compacte, avec une énergie d'expansion auto-similaire de 1 à 1.5 AMeV. La comparaison avec des événements du même type observés dans les collisions Xe+Sn à 32 AMeV révèle une loi d'échelle pour la multifragmentation de systèmes de masses différentes à la même énergie d'excitation par nucléon : les distributions en Z des fragments sont identiques tandis que leurs multiplicités augmentent en proportion de la masse du système en multifragmentation. Cette observation est interprétée comme un signal expérimental que cette multifragmentation trouve son origine dans une instabilité de volume de la matière nucléaire à basse densité (région spinodale). Un calcul microscopique semi-classique complet des deux réactions comprenant la formation et la multifragmentation par décomposition spinodale de systèmes très lourds à basse densité reproduit très bien non seulement les multiplicités et les distributions en Z expérimentales des fragments mais aussi leurs énergies cinétiques moyennes, ainsi que la distribution en taille des plus gros fragments.