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1
Juan, Laura García, and Berta Güell Torrent. "Como gerenciar as migrações na América Latina? O caso espanhol como modelo a seguir." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21057/10.21057/repamv13n1.2019.21875.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research paper focuses on the key challenge that poses the sudden and massive reception of immigrants to build inclusive societies that guarantee peaceful coexistence between natives and newcomers. Some Latin American countries are experiencing unexpected changes in population models, resulting in receiving states of international migration flows. Yet, both the underdevelopment of legislation on immigration and the absence of public integration policies show the need to pursue successful management models as an example. This paper presents an analysis of the Spanish case study between 1998 and 2008, highlighting the driving factors that enabled the integration of newcomers in that decade. Considering the cultural proximity to Latin America and other matching contextual aspects, the article concludes with some recommendations for adopting similar migration and integration policies inspired by the Spanish case.
2
Hopkins, Megan, Hayley Weddle, Peter Bjorklund, Ilana M. Umansky, and Dafney Blanca Dabach. "“It’s Created by a Community”: Local Context Mediating Districts’ Approaches to Serving Immigrant and Refugee Newcomers." AERA Open 7 (January 2021): 233285842110322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23328584211032234.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Literature examining the context of reception reveals how various structural and cultural factors shape newcomers’ experiences, and thus their opportunities for integration. Fewer studies explore how school districts are situated in this broader context of reception, or how district policies and practices for newcomers are enabled or constrained by the local context. This study draws on a zones of mediation framework to examine how external forces mediated districts’ approaches to serving growing numbers of immigrant and refugee newcomers. Analysis of interviews with 57 stakeholders from across three districts revealed that the presence or absence of community-based support networks, as well as the extent to which local policies and perceptions emphasized inclusion, mediated districts’ programmatic approaches. Implications for district and community leaders are discussed.
3
Rast, Maria Charlotte, and Halleh Ghorashi. "Dancing with ‘The Other’: Challenges and Opportunities of Deepening Democracy through Participatory Spaces for Refugees." Social Inclusion 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i1.1300.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the so-called refugee crisis and the Netherlands’ development into a ‘participation society’, refugee reception there has recently shifted its focus to early and fast participation. In this context, numerous community initiatives have emerged to support refugee reception and integration. Compared to earlier restrictive approaches, refugee reception through active engagement of newcomers in community initiatives seems to promise a more inclusive approach, a deepening of democracy. However, such initiatives have internal and external challenges that might inhibit refugees’ active participation and the initiatives’ adoption of inclusive approaches. In this qualitative research, we have explored the challenges and opportunities for active participation and inclusion of refugees in community initiatives, considering the context of normalizing exclusive discourses and increasingly neoliberal policies on refugee reception.
4
Kadysheva, Olga. "Cities and migration: comprehensive study of cities welcoming migrants and refugees." Revista Tecnológica - ESPOL 34, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 170–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37815/rte.v34n1.919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In today’s globalized world of international mobility, migration is a major contributor to urbanization. Cities play a crucial role in welcoming migrants and refugees and in their integration with local societies. Cities are spaces for refugee and immigrant reception, rights protection, and inclusion in local communities. Migration represents significant challenges for city governance, social cohesion, and realisation of human rights for all. This paper is based on, and describes, UNESCO-ECCAR-GMPA-Marianna V. Vardinoyannis Foundation ongoing research project on ‘Cities Welcoming Refugees and Migrants’ launched in May 2016. The 6-year research project analysed contemporary experiences, policies, and practice of cities with a particular focus on Europe. This paper discusses the research project, its methodology, key types of data, documents and literature reviewed, and key findings. This paper discusses the trilogy of research questions: how to obtain knowledge and assessment of place, policy, and practice of cities welcoming migrants and refugees; whether there are common approaches and policies referencing values and rights; and do common approaches, policy, and practice represent a coherent values-based framework across multiple cities in Europe. The study of city experiences shows a largely common welcoming city agenda regarding the reception and integration of refugees and migrants. The research findings highlight that deliberate values and rights-based approach is the foundation of a welcoming city.
5
Hasanaj, Shkelzen. "Europeanization through Migration Policies: Legislative Comparison between Civil Law Systems and Common Law Systems." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2018-0049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Within the European Union there are several states that have implemented laws, often following different paradigms, to cope not only with the increase in migratory flows, but also to foster the integration and participation of the migrants themselves in socio-political and economic life. In recent decades, immigration into Europe has become a matter of primary and strategic importance for the definition of both internal policies and the external relations of the Union. The progressive settlement of substantial national and ethnic groups poses important economic, social and cultural challenges, to which the policies implemented have so far only partially responded. Guiding concepts like integration, assimilation and respect for diversity still struggle to find an adequate realization in the reception policies of the European states. In this regard, a real revolution in this area was the realization of the “common basic principles” of 2004, which made member states become aware of the respect for fundamental rights, non-discrimination and equal opportunities for all (Niessen,. Schibel, 2007), and it later became a mere “Common agenda for Integration”. In this context, we can recall the decision of the Council and of the European Parliament n.1983 / 2006 which proclaimed 2008 as the European Year of Intercultural Dialogue. With this research, we intend to analyze the regulations concerning the migration of European governments and how they have changed over time, paying particular attention to the activation of inclusion strategies in some European Union countries; at the same time, we intend to find a strategy for a possible cooperation in the management of migratory processes. The integration regulations launched in Italy, Germany, France and the United Kingdom will be examined from the 1940s to 2015 and a comparative study will be conducted between the Community policies and the policies of four countries chosen to highlight common features and divergences.
6
Arfaoui, Rafik. "The Asylum Seekers in Non-Metropolitan Areas in France: Between Temporary Integration and Leading to Autonomy. The Case of the Ambertois Territory." Social Sciences 8, no. 7 (July 5, 2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8070210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article focuses on the integration process of people seeking asylum in non-metropolitan areas in France. It conceptualizes the reception of asylum seekers involving two interrelated approaches: the utilitarian approach and the humanitarian approach. This article is based on surveys, participatory and sensitive cartography, and participant observation conducted in the Ambertois territory between 2017 and 2018. I find the Ambertois territory can be considered a “fragile space,” particularly in terms of demographics, with difficulties in maintaining public services. These difficulties are risks for asylum seekers, and are impacting the urban space. These risks are intensified by the national and regional level policies like the recent reform of the asylum and immigration act on the one hand, and the suffering they experienced throughout their migratory journey on the other. Faced with these risks, local synergies, which facilitate the integration of asylum seekers, are emerging from local actors. This integration is temporary and is considered by local actors as leading to the autonomy of asylum seekers.
7
Roos, Christof, and Natascha Zaun. "Norms Matter! The Role of International Norms in EU Policies on Asylum and Immigration." European Journal of Migration and Law 16, no. 1 (February 24, 2014): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-00002048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This Article investigates how international norms impact on eu asylum and immigration policy. To this end we scrutinize the assumption that the robustness of international norms indicates the quality of eu integration. Drawing on international norms literature we argue that four characters define an international norms’ robustness: specificity in definition, binding force, coherence with domestic law and international law, and concordant understanding among actors. Our analysis covers three eu policy areas, asylum policy, family reunification policy, and labour migration policy. Across the three areas international norms had varying degrees of robustness at the time of eu negotiations. The findings show that presence and robustness of international norms on asylum or immigration regulation are reflected in eu legislation. Given that there are more robust norms available on questions of status than on reception conditions or asylum procedures, the qualification directive was much easier to agree on than the reception conditions or the asylum procedures directive which were much more characterized by hard bargaining. The international norm, right to family life, was sufficiently robust and was codified in eu law. However, both the international norm and the eu law do not provide for clear admission criteria. On labour migration, robust international norms with regard to equality provisions for migrant workers are mirrored in eu legislation on residence rights of migrants. With regard to conditions of admission, the absence of international norms indicates little to no eu legislation.
8
Reitz, Jeffrey G. "Host Societies and the Reception of Immigrants: Research Themes, Emerging Theories and Methodological Issues." International Migration Review 36, no. 4 (December 2002): 1005–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00115.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research on the reception and integration of immigrants now recognizes more explicitly the impact that characteristics of societies have as they play host to immigrants. This brief introduction to six papers – by Kasinitz, Mollenkopf and Waters; Boyd; Model and Lin; Borjas; Martin; and Castles – shows how they reflect a research emphasis on four interrelated features of host societies: 1) pre-existing ethnic and race relations, 2) labor markets and related institutions, 3) government policies and programs both for immigration and for broader institutional regulation, and 4) the changing nature of international boundaries, part of the process of globalization. Cultural dimensions permeate analyses of each of these four aspects. Together with others in a larger collection of 18 papers developing this theme (scheduled for publication as a book by the Centre for Comparative Immigration Studies, University of California at San Diego), the various analyses suggest elements useful in constructing a theory of immigrant reception and incorporation taking proper account of the impact of host societies.
9
Blouchoutzi, Anastasia, Dimitra Manou, and Jason Papathanasiou. "The Regional Allocation of Asylum Seekers in Greece: A Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 6046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the long-term challenges for policy makers in host countries of migrants is the optimal geographical allocation of the migrant population so as to strengthen integration outcomes and serve the crucial goal of social inclusion. The political debate on the appropriate placement policy of newcomers has continued for years after the large-scale inflows of asylum seekers in Greece. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the dispersal policy of asylum seekers in Greece as implemented under the reception and accommodation scheme. Furthermore, it provides decision makers with an alternative dispersal policy framework driven by the integration outcomes of the already established migrant population in the country. The research encompasses Eurostat NUTS 2 annual data for a choice upon availability of the Zaragoza Integration Indicators and the immigrant population indicator for the thirteen Greek regions. The data cover a ten-year period from 2010 to 2019, and they are analysed with the multiple criteria decision-making method PROMETHEE. In addition to desk research, fieldwork has been conducted to illuminate the results of the model. The paper extends the literature on the governance of migration and contributes to the planning of migrant integration policies in their host countries.
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Barn, Ravinder, Roberta Teresa Di Rosa, and Theano Kallinikaki. "Unaccompanied Minors in Greece and Italy: An Exploration of the Challenges for Social Work within Tighter Immigration and Resource Constraints in Pandemic Times." Social Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10040134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The number of unaccompanied minors (UAMs) arriving in the European Union (EU) has been increasing dramatically over recent years resulting in the formulation of EU policy directives around safeguarding and well-being. Notably, the majority of UAMs enter Europe irregularly through two main gateways to the European continent: via Italy, using the Central Mediterranean Sea route; or through Greece, transiting through the Eastern Mediterranean route from Turkey, mostly via sea. Profiles of UAMs travelling via the two different routes are significantly diverse, reflecting Italy’s and Greece’s geographical proximity to North Africa and the Middle East, respectively. Although Italy has witnessed a decline since 2018 (Todaro and Romano 2019), the two countries have faced a significant increase in UAMs, and this has required a considerable reorganisation of the reception systems and, more generally, of their welfare systems. However, difficulties in securing adequate reception for UAMs seeking protection have persisted in both countries. Through an analysis of the impact of the pandemic on the Italian and Greek reception systems and social interventions with UAMs, we utilised a multiple embedded case study approach within a comparative analysis, to identify key changes in the main services which should be guaranteed to minors—namely, hosting/housing, guardianship, foster care, family/relatives reunification, school integration, language, job training for care leaving, and preparation for leaving care after 18 years (Di Rosa 2017; Buchanan and Kallinikaki 2018; Barn et al. 2020). Against a background of critical reviews of the main issues related to policies and reported social work practice in a context of COVID-19 precarity, set within a wider EU framework, this paper contributes to the literature with an analysis of the current situation and the tightening of the conditions of reception, inclusion and integration that await UAMs in these gateway countries today. We conclude that with the suspension of key services and amenities, and with a practical halt to the due process of immigration and asylum, social workers are facing a difficult challenge to prevent the deterioration of UAMs’ mental health and well-being.
11
Ågerup, Karl. "The Political Reception of Michel Houellebecq’s Submission." European Review 27, no. 4 (July 10, 2019): 615–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279871900019x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2015, French writer Michel Houellebecq’s novel Submission, which depicts a future France with a Muslim president, was repeatedly cited in political discourse about Islam, French identity, and terrorism. In the year of the novel’s publication, several Islamist terrorist attacks targeted France, and Houellebecq was often named in the debate on multiculturalism, immigration and the French secularist principle of laïcité. The reception of the novel is analysed in this article, focusing on ideological argumentation and political debate. Two opposite camps can be identified in this reception structure. Interestingly, the arguments of these camps are analogous to the arguments of the prosecutor and defence lawyer in the 1857 trial of Gustave Flaubert concerning his novel Madame Bovary. One and a half centuries after that trial, questions about the reader’s moral capacity and the author’s responsibility remain at the heart of the debate. While some liberal critics praise the ambiguities of the novel, trusting the reader’s ethical faculties, other critics condemn the novel and accuse the writer of expressing dubious values. As for the ideological homes of these critics, the liberal group represents left-wing, right-wing, and uncertain ideologies, whereas the gatekeeping group largely consists of left-leaning agents. The division into two reception groups and their respective discursive patterns and practices are analysed using the Bovary trial as a basis for comparison. It is concluded that in the anxious political climate of 2015 when terror, migration, and Islam were attracting considerable attention and when the populist right was on the rise, Houellebecq’s novel functioned as a political vehicle in government-sympathetic opinion making and as a practical tool for critics who positioned themselves as safeguarding generous migration and integration policies.
12
Mandel, Ruth. "Fifty Years of Migration, Fifty Years of Waiting: Turkey, Germany and the European Union." German Politics and Society 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2013.310206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article describes and analyzes the complex relationship between Turkey, Germany, and the European Union over the past half-century. It asks why numerous other countries have jumped the queue and managed to gain entry, whereas Turkey has been left knocking at the door, presented with increasing obstacles through which it must pass. The role of Islam is examined as a motivating factor in the exclusion of Turkey. Also, the historical memory of the Ottoman Empire's relationship with Europe is discussed. The mixed reception and perceived problems of integration of the large population of people from Turkey and their descendants who arrived in the 1960s as "guestworkers" is put forth as a key obstacle to Turkey's admission to the European Union. Contradictions in policies and perceptions are highlighted as further impediments to accession.
13
Cabral, Inês, and Thomas Swerts. "Governing Precarious Immigrant Workers in Rural Localities: Emerging Local Migration Regimes in Portugal." Politics and Governance 9, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i4.4506.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the last decades, the globalization of the food and agriculture sector has fueled international labor migration to rural areas in Southern Europe. Portugal is no exception to this trend, as the intensification of foreign investment in agriculture combined with a declining and ageing workforce created a demand for flexible immigrant labor. The Eastern European and Asian immigrant workers who answered the industry’s call were confronted with poor working conditions and lacking access to public services. In this article, we zoom in on the governance challenge that the presence of precarious immigrant workers (PIWs) poses to rural municipalities in the south of Portugal. The burgeoning literature on local integration policies mainly focuses on how cities deal with the challenge posed by international labor migration. This article draws on a detailed case study of the municipality of Odemira to argue that more attention needs to be paid to emerging local migration regimes in non-urban localities. By adopting a regime-theoretical approach, we study how power relations between the local government, civil society, and the private sector play out around the question of immigrant reception. Our study suggests that immigration policies in rural localities are increasingly being developed through cooperation and coproduction between public and private actors. First, we demonstrate how the presence of PIWs is perceived as a policy “problem” by each actor. Second, we outline how a governing coalition formed around the shared concern to improve arrival infrastructures, stimulate integration, mediate socio-cultural impact, and accommodate business interests. We conclude by critically questioning the impact that emerging local migration regimes have on the rights and social position of PIWs in rural contexts.
14
Poblete, Rolando, and Mirona Moraru. "Avances y retrocesos en políticas educativas dirigidas a la población migrante en Chile: El caso del “identificador provisorio escolar”." education policy analysis archives 28 (December 14, 2020): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.5074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following various education policies which failed to guarantee the educational integration of migrant pupils in Chilean public schools, a “temporary school identification number” was introduced in January 2017, with the purpose of securing these children’s rights to access and stay in school. Given the current lack of information regarding the effectiveness of this public policy, the present article explores how this normative has been implemented in Chilean schools. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the article is based on 8 semi-structured interviews with the school principals and the administrative officers of 4 schools in Santiago. The results show that this normative is generally effective in ensuring access and stay in school for the migrant pupils. Nevertheless, the results also pinpoint the lack of a complementary education policy that systematically guides schools with regards to curricular adaptation, academic leveling, and reception plans, three elements that play a key role in the educational attainment of migrant pupils in Chile.
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Clyne, Michael, and Sue Fernandez. "Period of residence as a factor in language maintenance." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 149-150 (2005): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/itl.150.0.2004370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper explores ‘period of residence’ as a factor in the maintenance of an immigrant language, based on the example of Hungarian in Australia. Hungarian speakers arrived in Australia from several different source countries including Hungary, Romania (Transylvania), and areas of the formers Yugoslavia (Vojvodina) and Czechoslovakia (Slovakia). The distinct waves of Hungarian speaking migrants to Australia - 1938-40; 1947-54; 1956-57; 1960s, 70s and 80s; and 1990s - reflect the close connection between sociopolitical events and immigrant source countries for speakers of Hungarian. The data for the study comprises interviews with 22 families, encompassing all vintages and source countries noted above, supplemented by two focus groups. The study demonstrates that ‘period of residence’interacts with a number of other factors, notably country of origin, reasons for migration, and the prevailing attitudes and policies towards the reception and integration of immigrants in the host country at the time. It highlights the contradictory and ambivalent effects on language maintenance of situations of multiple identity and individual responses to conflict situations.
16
de Arce, Rafael, and Ramon Mahia. "Have Migrants Bought a "Round Trip Ticket"? Determinants in Probability of Immigrants' Return in Spain." Global Economy Journal 12, no. 2 (April 25, 2012): 1850258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1524-5861.1831.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Understanding the extent to which immigration is a predominantly permanent or transitory phenomenon is essential for host countries insofar as it affects the strategic design of their admission, reception, and integration policies. Beyond the determination of the volume of returns, it is crucial to also determine which covariates connect better with a greater or lesser propensity of return. An adequate approach to the dynamics of the return requires considering this decision conditioned by the time elapsed since the arrival of the immigrant. From this perspective, the variable of interest would not be the intention of return, but the elapsed time between the arrival of the immigrant and the moment that return is considered as an option, as well as what are the factors affecting a greater or lesser duration of the stay. In this context, the article explores the relative importance of various personal and migration characteristics in the intention of return of immigrants conditional at the time of residence through the application of a Cox model of duration.
17
Azam, Muhammad, Mahdiat Mahdiat, Muhammad Haroon Hafeez, and Baher Bakhtyar. "Investigating the Role of Tourism in Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2022-0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction. This study aims to explore the impact of tourism along with some other regressors, namely labor force, official development assistance, local investment, and inflation rate on the economic growth rate of the developing country of Pakistan. Material and Methods. We used annual time series data over the period from 1980 to 2018 for empirical analysis. Based on the order of integration of data, we employed an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. Results. Empirical results vindicated a positive relationship between tourism and growth. The official development assistance and inflation rate have shown significantly negative impacts on the economic growth of Pakistan, whereas domestic investment has shown an insignificantly positive impact on the economic growth. Conclusions. The empirical findings exhibit that tourism plays a key role in the process of economic growth and development of Pakistan. The study recommends that the management authorities should implement appropriate policies to attract more tourists to improve economic growth of Pakistan. Furthermore, sincere efforts are required to ensure macroeconomic stability through controlling inflation, avoiding reception of foreign aid, and encouraging global investment.
18
Rezende, Heverton Lopes. "Refugiados no Brasil: aspectos jurídicos e políticas públicas." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 651–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2019.v8n3.11.p651.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nos últimos anos tem ocorrido um aumento significativo do fluxo migratório para o Brasil, onde boa parte desses migrantes requer o status de refugiado por razões humanitárias. O objetivo desta pesquisa é relacionar de forma sucinta as políticas públicas envolvendo essas pessoas e apresentar uma discussão sobre sua efetividade e atendimento da atual demanda. Através do método dedutivo, pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória, bem como análise de dados estatísticos de fontes secundárias, verificou-se que quase a metade dos imigrantes que receberam o status de refugiados no Brasil não permanecem ativos no país, o que demonstra que é necessária uma análise para verificar o que ensejou a perda dessa condição. Constatou-se também que, embora existam políticas públicas para providenciar documentos e benefícios sociais a essas pessoas, em razão de planejamento insuficiente para a recepção, acolhimento e realocação, neste momento não se encontram evidências de que o Brasil possui plenas condições de proporcionar uma integração perene dos refugiados que aportam em seu território.
Abstract: In recent years there has been a significant increase in the migration flow for Brazil, on the part of the migrants who are in need of refugee status. The objective of this research is to briefly relate the public policies involving these people and to present a discussion about their effectiveness and meeting the current demand. Through the deductive method, bibliographic and exploratory research, as well as analysis of statistical data from secondary sources, it is verified that half of immigrants who received refugee status are not staying in the country; it would need an analysis to verify why it is happening. it could be verify that there are public policies to provide documents and social benefits to these people, but because of insufficient planning for reception and integration, at this time is not possible say that Brazil has full condições to provide an effective integration of the refugees.
Keywords: nationality; human rights; immigration; refugees.
Recebido em: novembro/2018.
Aprovado em: novembro/2019.
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Harðardóttir, Eva, and Berglind Rós Magnúsdóttir. "„Að þreifa sig áfram í myrkrinu“: Ríkjandi stefnur og straumar um ungt flóttafólk í íslensku grunn- og framhaldsskólakerfi." Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 14, no. 3 (December 13, 2018): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2018.14.3.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In spite of the fact that Iceland accepts fewer refugees then other European countries, the number of young refugees in Iceland has grown as a result of international and forced migration. While there is a growing body of Icelandic research on multicultural and inclusive education the focus has yet to concern itself with refugee youth and their educational or social challenges. Multiculturalism and matters of integration are increasingly being contested as refugee youth reception and education are perceived to be in a state of crisis. This study examined the forms of policy in place related to young refugees in Iceland and how it impacts their educational and social inclusion. Drawing on the field of critical education policy analysis, we analyzed official policy documents as well as narratives of fourteen lower and upper secondary teachers. Findings indicate that the current policies are limited in scope and emphasis equality on the basis of sameness and access to education rather than equity, social justice and quality of education. The policy, as it appears both in the form of texts and discourse, is shaped by neo-assimilative ideology that highlights individual responsibility for educational outcomes through choice policy, active participation and Icelandic language skills based on national discourse of inclusion. Teachers described themselves as “moving in the dark” without institutional policy guidance or support making it it difficult for them to make ethical and political choices that challenge the normative view of education and integration in what they describe as new and challenging situations.
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McCord, Allison L., Claire Burke Draucker, and Silvia Bigatti. "Cultural Stressors and Depressive Symptoms in Latino/a Adolescents: An Integrative Review." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 25, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390318778885.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND: Latino/a adolescents experience higher levels of depressive symptoms than Caucasian and African American adolescents. Many studies found that cultural stressors contribute to this disparity, but these findings have not been integrated into a cohesive picture of the specific cultural stressors that contribute to the development of depressive symptoms for Latino/a adolescents. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this integrative review is to identify cultural stressors that are associated with depressive symptoms in Latino/a adolescents. DESIGN: Procedures outlined by Ganong were used to conduct the review. The results of 33 articles that met inclusion criteria were synthesized. RESULTS: Discrimination, family culture conflict, acculturative and bicultural stress, intragroup rejection, immigration stress, and context of reception were identified as cultural stressors that are associated with depressive symptoms in Latino/a adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should employ strategies to help Latino/a youth cope with cultural stressors and advocate for policies that support the mental health of Latino/a youth.
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Arvanitidis, Paschalis, George Papagiannitsis1, Athina Zoi Desli, Penelope Vergou, and Sofia Gourgouliani. "Attitudes Towards Refugees & Immigrants in Greece: a national-local comparative analysis." European Journal of Geography 12, no. 3 (November 9, 2021): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.48088/ejg.p.arv.12.3.39.55.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the past decade, Greece has received a significant number of immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers who, due to specific decisions taken at both the EU and the national levels, have been “trapped” in Greece for an indefinite period. Dealing with this situation was, and still is, a hot issue, with state policies remaining focused on reception and control rather than on integration. Moreover, the spatial allocation of refugees in specific places throughout the country raised further debate, as they often provoked reactions (of substantial political costs), given that different localities tend to exhibit different attitudes and views towards refugees and immigrants. Since these perceptions seem to exert a significant effect on the direction of public debate and state policy there have been a number of nationwide surveys that have sought to shed light on them. These studies certainly advance our understanding on how Greeks in totality perceive those issues, but they also suffer from serious limitations regarding the specificities that different localities exhibit. On their grounds, the current works seek to provide a comparative analysis between the results of a nation-wide survey and a locally contacted one, contrasting perceptions between people living in Athens metropolitan area and in three small-medium size cities in central Greece (Trikala, Larisa, and Volos), in order to identify similarities and differences in views between the different spatial scales.
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Fernández-Suárez, Belén, and Keina Espiñeira. "The Role of the ‘Cities for Change’ in Protecting the Rights of Irregular Migrants in Spain." Urban Planning 6, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i2.3811.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Have the new municipalist pro-migrant policies succeeded in protecting the rights of irregular migrants? Cities in Spain have powers to design and implement services and programs aimed at the reception and integration of immigrants. Cities can also include those who are in vulnerable conditions, guaranteeing them access to healthcare, minimum income coverage or labour training, regardless of the immigration status. However, old municipal politics have been characterised by pragmatism, being mainly focused on regular immigrants. Besides, there has been a restrictive and punitive turn in immigration policy directly connected to the economic recession and austerity as of 2008. To explore what possibilities do cities have to expand and protect the rights of irregular immigrants, we analyse in this contribution the cases of Madrid and Barcelona for the years 2015–2019 when progressive municipalists fronts ruled the cities. Based on the textual analysis of policy documents and in-depth interviews with political parties, street-level bureaucrats and activists, we first examine the competencies that municipalities have in migration matters and mainstream approaches in Spain. Then we discuss the action of the new municipalism, focusing the analysis on four political measures that have been rebel and innovative in protecting irregular immigrants, namely, the proactive census, the prevention of irregularity, access to healthcare and changes in police protocols. These real experiences allow us to argue that cities can achieve changes in the way state control is enforced. However, the analysis also shows tensions between the political will and institutional constraints.
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Tonah, Steve. "Integration or exclusion of Fulbe pastoralists in West Africa: a comparative analysis of interethnic relations, state and local policies in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire." Journal of Modern African Studies 41, no. 1 (March 2003): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x02004160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the situation of the pastoral Fulbe in the two neighbouring West African countries of Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. The migration of the Fulbe into the northern parts of both countries is quite a recent phenomenon. In spite of the similar social, economic and environmental conditions in both countries, the two governments responded differently to Fulbe migrations. Generally, the Ivorian government was more receptive of the Fulbe while the Ghanaian authorities have been hostile to them. The paper also discusses interethnic relations between the Fulbe and the indigenous farming groups. Finally, responses of both governments to farmer–herder conflicts are examined and some general reflections on how West African states are dealing with the issue of pastoral migration are provided.
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Ahmed, Rehana. "“I’ll explain what I can”: A conversation with Avaes Mohammad." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 53, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989416684184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the 2001 race riots in Bradford, Burnley, and Oldham and the terror attacks of 11 September 2001, British Muslims have been subjected to increased levels of suspicion and hostility. In particular, the spotlight has shone on working-class South Asian Muslim communities in the north of England, which have been accused of “self-segregation” and constructed as alienated from and posing a threat to “Britishness”. Racial divisions and tensions have been problematically blamed on the “failure” of multiculturalism; commentators from the left and right of the political spectrum have claimed multiculturalist practice and policies have encouraged too much diversity, thereby obstructing integration, while social factors such as poverty, disenfranchisement, racism, and “white flight” have been obscured or at best downplayed.1 As news stories of young British Muslim men joining extremist organizations at home or abroad continue to circulate, the communities’ male youth remain particularly susceptible to Islamophobic stereotyping and profiling. In this interview, performance poet and playwright Avaes Mohammad discusses the ways his work engages with this fraught political context. Our conversation begins by considering his experience of growing up in a racially divided northern English town in the 1980s and 1990s, before turning to the impact of the events of 2001 on his life and art. We discuss the role art can play in politics, and the part faith can play in art, before focusing on specific representations in his plays of young British Muslims held at Guantánamo Bay, divided working-class communities in the north of England, and young men — both Muslim and white — drawn to different kinds of extremism. Finally, we explore the racial and social exclusions of the creative arts, and the reception of Mohammad’s work.
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Clegg, Isabella L. K., Rebecca M. Boys, and Karen A. Stockin. "Increasing the Awareness of Animal Welfare Science in Marine Mammal Conservation: Addressing Language, Translation and Reception Issues." Animals 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Integrating welfare principles into conservation strategy is an emerging synthesis that encourages consideration of individual animals’ quality of life in research, policies and law. However, these principles have gained limited traction in marine compared to terrestrial animal conservation. This manuscript investigates several factors that may be contributing to this disparity. In order to gauge current understanding of animal welfare science principles by marine mammal researchers and other stakeholders, a “Welfare in the Wild” workshop was convened at the 32nd European Cetacean Society conference (La Spezia, Italy, April 2018). The workshop was attended by 30 participants who completed pre- and post-workshop surveys on animal welfare principles. The survey results highlight a range of different views about exactly what animal welfare science is and how it can be applied to marine mammals. Specifically, participants’ definitions appeared to vary depending on the type of employment or research they engaged in, indicating a need for an interdisciplinary common language. Secondly, we analysed the peer-reviewed literature in order to ascertain where marine mammal publications exploring welfare were being published. From 1950 to July 2020, a total of 299 articles featured both marine mammal taxa (one or more) and the word welfare in the title, abstract or keywords. This represents just 0.96% of the total peer-reviewed published papers on marine mammal taxa (n = 31,221) during the same period. When examining articles published within “Welfare and Ethics” (n = 6133) and “Aquatic-focused” (n = 139,352) journals, just 1.2% (n = 71) and 0.04% (n = 57) of articles, respectively, featured the word welfare when examining marine mammals. With the aim of exploring how explicitly including welfare evaluations in marine mammal research and management can benefit conservation outcomes, we framed our workshop and quantitative literature review findings to provide practical solutions to the language, translation and reception issues of this burgeoning cross-disciplinary collaboration.
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Kapitsyn, Vladimir M., and Alexander E. Shaparov. "Foreign-culture immigrants in Denmark's political agenda." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 12, no. 4 (2021): 42–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2021.12.4.749.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines the political discourse on foreign-culture immigrants, that forms the agenda of the Danish government. The difficulties of integrating migrants increase with the influx of asylum seekers and family reunification, when the rate of their admission exceeds the rate of naturalisation (absorption) of diasporas, that Danes see as a threat to social cohesion. A “preventive” immigration policy has emerged, demonstrating significant restrictions that reduce the influx of refugees. The discourse of restrictive policy supported by the electorate determined the government's agenda based on agreements between the center-left Social Democratic Party, the center-right Liberal Party of Wenströ, and the far-right Danish National Party (DNP) with its anti-immigrant agenda. At the same time, the ruling parties, weakening the support of the extreme right-wing parties, "intercept" the provisions of the DNP programme. Restrictions on the political agenda concern mainly foreign-culture immigrants: strict regulation of the admission of asylum seekers, granting a residence permit, family reunification, initial distribution to municipalities and resettlement of immigrant "ghettos". This is combined with the education of immigrants based on the values of social cohesion, work for the welfare state, and the inclusion of immigrant children in educational institutions. The discourse also includes the issues of deportation of immigrants, including asylum seekers, who commit crimes, the detention of asylum seekers not in Denmark and the EU countries, but in third countries that the government intends to make special agreements with. Taking into account the difficulties of returning refugees to the countries of origin, even if life there has become safer, this option is considered the most optimum, and appropriate work is being carried out in this direction. The EU leadership condemns such a policy, but in the conditions of the weakness of its immigration policy, legal collisions, as well as the weakening of the solidarity of the Union members, there is no political opportunity from the outside to forcibly adjust the Danish state policy. In other EU countries, Denmark's preventive restrictive policy can be perceived as a positive model for the reception and integration of refugees of other cultures. The Danish experience is also useful for Russia, where problems arise in working with foreign-culture diasporas. In addition, such restrictive policies are helping to strengthen mobilisation mechanisms to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Patterson, Patrick Hyder. "The Prague Spring and the Big Chill: the marketing moment in communist Czechoslovakia." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-09-2015-0036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – This paper aims to analyze an important series of events in the history of marketing in socialist Europe and the internationalization of marketing thought and practice. Examining the reception of the marketing concept in communist Czechoslovakia, the study shows the effective blockage of the implementation of marketing approaches by orthodox communist authorities. The paper demonstrates the distinctiveness and importance of the Czechoslovak case and provides a basis for integrating that experience into the larger history of marketing under socialism. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on an extensive review of the most relevant Czech and Slovak primary sources including trade journals, manuals and textbooks in marketing and related fields, party and government documents and statements on commercial issues, and other important professional literature on domestic commerce. Findings – The paper provides insights into the use of communist political power to suppress the use of marketing as contrary to the social and ideological goals of socialism. It identifies the rise of marketing approaches during a brief “marketing moment” following market-oriented economic reforms in 1965 and lasting through the “Prague Spring” of 1968. Following the restoration of orthodox communist control, new policies of “normalization” dictated the decline of marketing, which returned to its earlier status of near-invisibility. The suppression of marketing thought and practice lasted until the end of communist rule in 1989. Originality/value – This paper analyzes an unexamined case of marketing in a socialist society and places the case in broader comparative context.
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Monteiro, Claudete Ferreira de Souza. "Violence against women and the walk of public policy/Violência contra a mulher e o caminhar das políticas públicas/La violencia contra las mujeres y el paseo de las políticas públicas." Revista de Enfermagem da UFPI 3, no. 4 (April 13, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26694/reufpi.v3i4.3324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For centuries, violence against women was restricted to the privacy of the home, the observation of neighbors and interference of a few family members. Is configured in a complex and controversial issue that involves moral concepts, dynamics of power/affection, subordination/domination, therefore "private" and difficult to approach. In this context, the home becomes therefore, scenary to fights, jealousy, aggression scenes in which the only spectators are the children. This space, preserved as inviolable, does not allow others to interfere, leaving increasingly confined women to this situation. Violence against women is associated with high economic costs, social, and health, making it a complex and comprehensive phenomenon, both because of issues related to the domination/submission involving gender relations, as those pertaining to physical and mental health of victimized women. The latter are not always displayed but expressed through psychosomatic symptoms which may be prolonged and chronic. The data of this violence become more visible as they seek public service to women care, and have shown alarming proportions, given the 2014 Balance Call 180, available in March 2015, presenting a total of 52,957 reports of violence against women. Of these, 51.68% refers to physical violence; 31.81% to psychological violence; 9.68% to moral violence; 1.94% to financial abuse; 2.86% sexual violence; 1.76% to imprisonment; and 0.26% human trafficking¹. In terms of public policy, by 2003, Brazil had the Special Police and shelter homes to care for women in situations of violence. Notably, in the last 10 years, the country has invested more in these policies, such as the creation in 2003 of the Secretariat on Policies for Women; in 2005, the National Plan of Policies for Women and the implementation of Call Center Women through Dial 180 and the following year with Law 11.340/2006, called Maria da Penha Law, through which actually creates mechanisms for prevent domestic and family violence against women¹. The Call 180, is now considered the main door of access to services that integrate the National Network to Fight Violence Against Women and privileged database for the formulation of policies of the Federal Government in this area. Started as a channel for advice on public rights and services aimed at female population across the country and from the Law No. 13,025/2014 began to perform the reception and orientation, directing complaints to the competent organs of research, with the assaulted woman's consent and, more recently, expanding the services to other countries such as Portugal, Spain and Italy. Other efforts have also been announced, such as the National Pact to Combat Violence against Women, launched in 2007. This is an agreement between the Federal Government and the state governments and Brazilian Municipal planning actions that enable the consolidation of National Policy on Combating Violence against Women. In 2011 launches the Fight Network violence against women and, more recently, in 2013, by Decree No. 8086, instituted the program "Woman: live without violence", whose axes include, among others, the implementation of the House of Brazilian Women, the organization and humanization of care for victims of sexual violence, the implementation and maintenance of the service to Women centers in the regions of dry border, continued awareness campaigns and mobile units for assistance to women in situations of violence the county and in forest². Giving reinforcement, especially to sexual violence against women, the Government launched in March 2015, the Interministerial Ordinance no. 288/2015 laying down guidelines for the organization and integration of care for victims of sexual violence by law enforcement professionals and health professionals of the Unified Health System (SUS) about the humanization of care and the registration of information and collection of traces². Many are government efforts to deal with violence against women. However, the effectiveness of these policies still needs better coordination with the assistance and legal network, training of health professionals for the recognition of such violence and adequacy of services to make more humane care and work on this issue in schools, with adolescents and women and men in all living spaces. Violence against women is a cruel and unjust reality that needs space in nursing reflections so that professionals are fully aware of the repercussions of this phenomenon and give emphasis to a new way of thinking and acting. These professionals can provide link to support women, whether in health issues and in the guidance to find own ways or direct it to other services in order to contribute to improving the life of this woman.
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Voronina, N. A. "Swiss Сonfedеration experience on reception of migrants". Upravlenie 7, № 4 (27 січня 2020): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-4-123-130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The experience of Swiss Confederation in the field of integration of immigrants – one of the most economically developed countries of the world, occupying the leading position in Europe on the rate of foreign population in general demographic structure, – has been examined in the article. Evolution of the notions of “integration”, “social assimilation”, “acculturation” and others has been considered and different scientific approaches of Western researches to these notions have been adduced. Swiss immigration policy for the past decades has been traced and the modern integration policy of the country in the field of integration of foreign citizens into receiving society has been analyzed. A detailed analysis of the Swiss normative and legal framework in the field of migration, asylum and integration has been made also, and active development of migration laws over the last decade has been noted. Swiss migration politics, like in other developed Western countries-recipients of foreign labor, contains both: immigration policy (control over entry and stay of foreigners in the country) and policy of integration towards foreigners subject to integration processes.The process of integration of a foreign citizen into a new socio-economic, political and cultural environment is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon. There is a developed and scientifically grounded system of reception, accommodation and integration of foreigners and asylum seekers in Switzerland, which is based on constitutional values, respect and mutual tolerance. At the core of this system is a general strategy of integration, which constitutes a country’s core policy of integration and covers various areas: law, politics, labour issues, housing, education, culture and religion. In order to implement the policy of integration, in Switzerland there are being developed and implemented federal and cantonal integration programs. Integration processes management is administered through the developed system of state authorities at federal, cantonal and other levels, with active participation of different public organizations, including migrant organizations. Federal Council publishes reports on development of integration policy in the country, Federal Migration Office issues annual reports, numerous scientific researches on the theme are being conducted. At present each canton has its own Integration program, designed in accordance with the Modal cantonal program, that allows to implement different integration models, depending on regional requirements and priorities.
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Pfluger, M. "Economic integration, wage policies, and social policies." Oxford Economic Papers 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/56.1.135.
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Hamdan, Kamal. "Promoting social integration policies." DIFI Family Research and Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (November 28, 2013): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/difi.2013.arabfamily.2.
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FIDORA, Alexander. "La metodología de las ciencias según Boecio: su recepción en las obras y traducciones de Domingo Gundisalvo." Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 7 (October 1, 2000): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/refime.v7i.9444.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Scholars during the last century dealing with the transmission of knowledge in the work of Gundissalinus have been paying much -if not exclusive- attention to his reception and integration of Arabo-Jewish elements. However, it seems indispensable for a suitable understanding of this process of integration to take into account also the archdeacon's reception of the Latin-Christian, tradition, for it conditions the aforesaid process. Starting from Gundissalinus' reception of Boethius' methodology of the sciences, the present article pretends to show how the problems Gundissalinus encountered in his own tradition affect his reception and his translation of the Arabo-Jewish philosophy.
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Tegos, Sotiris A., Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis, Koralia N. Pappi, Paschalis C. Sofotasios, Sami Muhaidat, and George K. Karagiannidis. "Toward Efficient Integration of Information and Energy Reception." IEEE Transactions on Communications 67, no. 9 (September 2019): 6572–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2019.2916831.
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Wimelius, Malin E., Malin Eriksson, Joakim Isaksson, and Mehdi Ghazinour. "Swedish Reception of Unaccompanied Refugee Children—Promoting Integration?" Journal of International Migration and Integration 18, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-016-0472-2.
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Saha, Sajal K., David C. M. Kong, Karin Thursky, and Danielle Mazza. "A Nationwide Survey of Australian General Practitioners on Antimicrobial Stewardship: Awareness, Uptake, Collaboration with Pharmacists and Improvement Strategies." Antibiotics 9, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Implementing antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs is central to optimise antimicrobial use in primary care. This study aims to assess general practitioners’ (GPs’) awareness of AMS, uptake of AMS strategies, attitudes towards GP–pharmacist collaboration in AMS and future AMS improvement strategies. A paper-based survey of nationally representative GPs across Australia was conducted in 2019. Of 386 respondent GPs, 68.9% were familiar with AMS. Respondents most frequently used the Therapeutic Guidelines (TG) (83.2%, 321/385) and delayed antimicrobial prescribing (72.2%, 278/385) strategies, whereas few utilised point-of-care tests (18.4%, 71/382), patient information leaflets (20.2%, 78/384), peer prescribing reports (15.5%, 60/384) and audit and feedback (9.8%, 38/384). GPs were receptive to pharmacists’ recommendations on the choice (50.5%, 192/381) and dose (63%, 241/382) of antimicrobials, and more than 60% (235/381) supported a policy fostering increased GP–pharmacist collaboration. Most GPs agreed to have AMS training (72%, 278/386), integration of electronic TG (eTG) with prescribing software (88.3%, 341/386) and policies limiting the prescribing of selected antimicrobials (74.4%, 287/386) in the future. Conclusively, GPs are aware of the importance of judicious antimicrobial prescribing but inadequately uptake evidence-based AMS strategies. The majority of GPs support GP–pharmacist collaborative AMS approaches to optimise antimicrobial use. Developing a feasible GP–pharmacist collaborative AMS implementation model and facilitating stewardship resources and training could foster AMS activities in primary care.
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Giovanella, Ligia, and Delia M. Sánchez. "Regional integration and health policies." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 23, suppl 2 (2007): S115—S116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2007001400001.
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Gretler Heusser, S. "Swiss Integration Policies and Experience." Refugee Survey Quarterly 24, no. 4 (January 1, 2005): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdi092.
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Ye, Xingqing, and Flemming Christiansen. "China's Urban-Rural Integration Policies." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 38, no. 4 (December 2009): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810260903800406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The analysis presented here is based on the keynote speech discussing the most recent developments in rural policy on urban-rural integration in China delivered in Chinese by Professor Ye Xingqing at the Ninth European Conference on Agriculture and Rural Development in China (ECARDC9) held at the University of Leeds in the UK on 3–5 April 2009. Professor Ye's paper provides a comprehensive overview of the main initiatives, their rationale and their context, including some of the debates surrounding them. Professor Ye, who is an invited keynote speaker of ECARDC9 and the director-general of the Department for Rural Economy, Research Office of the State Council, People's Republic of China, has been personally involved in the process of formulating these policy initiatives. This translation of his paper seeks to convey properly the author's meanings and to strike a balance between documenting the official perspective and rationales, including the use of concepts, on the one hand and ease of comprehension on the other. The translator's notes are intended only for the clarification of, not commentary on, the content.
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Rosenow, Kerstin. "The Europeanisation of Integration Policies." International Migration 47, no. 1 (March 2009): 133–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2435.2008.00499.x.
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El-Ghandour, Nasser M. F., Ahmed A. M. Ezzat, Mohamed A. Zaazoue, Pablo Gonzalez-Lopez, Balraj S. Jhawar, and Mohamed A. R. Soliman. "Virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a turning point in neurosurgical education." Neurosurgical Focus 49, no. 6 (December 2020): E18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.9.focus20634.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
OBJECTIVEThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused dramatic changes in medical education. Social distancing policies have resulted in the rapid adoption of virtual learning (VL) by neurosurgeons as a method to exchange knowledge, but it has been met with variable acceptance. The authors surveyed neurosurgeons from around the world regarding their opinions about VL and how they see the future of neurosurgical conferences.METHODSThe authors conducted a global online survey assessing the experience of neurosurgeons and trainees with VL activities. They also questioned respondents about how they see the future of on-site conferences and scientific meetings. They analyzed responses against demographic data, regions in which the respondents practice, and socioeconomic factors by using frequency histograms and multivariate logistic regression models.RESULTSEight hundred ninety-one responses from 96 countries were received. There has been an increase in VL activities since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most respondents perceive this type of learning as positive. Respondents from lower-income nations and regions such as Europe and Central Asia were more receptive to these changes and wanted to see further movement of educational activities (conferences and scientific meetings) into a VL format. The latter desire may be driven by financial savings from not traveling. Most queried neurosurgeons indicated that virtual events are likely to partially replace on-site events.CONCLUSIONSThe pandemic has improved perceptions of VL, and despite its limitations, VL has been well received by the majority of neurosurgeons. Lower-income nations in particular are embracing this technology. VL is still evolving, but its integration with traditional in-person meetings seems inevitable.
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Stojic Mitrovic, Marta. "The Reception of Migrants in Serbia: Policies, Practices, and Concepts." Journal of Human Rights and Social Work 4, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41134-018-0077-0.
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SAITO, Jun. "European monetary integration and macroeconomic policies." EC studies in Japan 1993, no. 13 (1993): 134–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5135/eusj1981.1993.13_134.
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Lee, Jaerang, and Kar-yiu Wong. "Vertical integration and strategic trade policies." North American Journal of Economics and Finance 16, no. 1 (March 2005): 93–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2004.12.003.
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Madeira, Mary Anne. "Regional integration and national social policies." Research & Politics 1, no. 3 (October 8, 2014): 205316801455288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168014552880.
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Brunn, Christine. "How Integration Policies have Discovered Religion." Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society – J-RaT 2, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 12–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/jrat.2016.2.1.12.
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Coniglio, Nicola D., and Kenji Kondoh. "International integration with heterogeneous immigration policies." International Economics 142 (August 2015): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2015.02.002.
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Tsapenko, I. "Developed Countries: Integration Policies towards Immigrants." World Economy and International Relations, no. 3 (2008): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2008-3-59-69.
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Sherman, N. P., and J. P. Kharoufeh. "Analytical modeling of joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 39, no. 6-8 (March 2004): 799–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7177(04)90555-9.
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de Wenden, Catherine Wihtol. "Integration and Citizenship: An Essay." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 11, no. 4 (December 2002): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680201100409.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Integration and citizenship questions concern immigrants in Europe. These questions are difficult to address because of the different histories and settlement patterns of immigrants in receiving societies. The European dimension has introduced new values in integration and citizenship policies. One change is the revision of nationality laws in the 1990s to take account of the long-term presence of immigrants. However, an important gap persists between admission policies, which are governed by regional agreements, and integration and citizenship policies, which are subject to national or state laws. New trends and new mobilities present further challenge in how to reconcile admission and integration policies.
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Bonoli, Giuliano. "Immigrant integration and social investment." Journal of European Social Policy 30, no. 5 (November 2020): 616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928720950619.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article offers an overview of scholarship on social investment policies in relation to the integration of immigrants and the role they can play in multicultural societies. At first sight, social investment is a promising strategy to deal with the inequalities in human capital and life chances that plague multicultural societies. However, on the basis of the available knowledge, the article shows that the benefit of social investment interventions for immigrants may be lower than expected for two main reasons. First, there are access biases in most typical social investment policies (for example, childcare, active labour market policies, training) that tend to limit participation by non-natives. Second, employers’ recruitment preferences and labour market discrimination are also likely to limit the potential of social investment interventions for immigrants. I conclude that to exploit the full potential of social investment policies in the promotion of immigrant integration, these policies need to be adapted, particularly by taking into account the essential role played by employers.