Дисертації з теми "Récepteur de la Kisspeptine-1"
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Delli, Virginia. "Exploring the contribution of NO-synthesizing neurons in the set-in motion and the functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS085.pdf.
The nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in hypothalamic neurons plays a pivotal role in regulating the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH, the primary regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, holds authority over fertility and reproduction. The maturation of the HPG axis is a crucial phase in establishing reproductive function.Our research has contributed in the characterization of the first postnatal activation of the HPG axis, or minipuberty. We identified sex differences in the timing of minipuberty in mice, with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity in the preoptic region playing a pivotal role in this process. Estrogen significantly contributes to the activation of preoptic nNOS, although it appears to involve gonadal sources in females, but not in males. The sex-specific timing of NOS1 activity proves essential for the proper activation of the HPG axis during minipuberty, and its absence leads to GnRH deficiency and lifelong sensory and intellectual comorbidities in both humans and mice. Intriguingly, NO replenishment therapy during minipuberty successfully rescues both reproductive and non-reproductive comorbidities in Nos1-deficient mice.In adulthood, GnRH exhibits two distinct secretion profiles that oscillate over days, orchestrating the estrous cycle in the form of pulses and surges. The mechanisms governing these tonic and phasic modes remain a topic of ongoing debate.Our studies revisited and challenged the prevailing notion of kisspeptin as an absolute "monarch”, proposing the concept of a Kisspeptin-nNOS-GnRH, or "KiNG," network responsible for generating the "GnRH pulse" and "GnRH surge." We demonstrate that the nNOS population in the OV/MePO is indispensable for the kisspeptin-induced GnRH activation and subsequent luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, primarily through the Kisspeptin receptor/phospho-nNOS/cGMP pathway. Thus, we provide insights into the KiNG network, strongly suggesting that NO/Kisspeptin interaction is a critical component for precise regulation of GnRH/LH release. NO signaling in the preoptic area fine-tunes Kisspeptin's impact on GnRH neurons
Renaudo, Adrien. "Récepteur Sigma-1, canaux logiques et régulation du cycle cellulaire." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4024.
During the 20th century, cancer has emerged as a major public health problem. Nowadays, it's the second cause of mortality in France. Faced with such a stake, many research pathways are curently explored. In the last decade, a growing number of studies have put in the light the implication of ionic channels in cellular migration, proliferation and death. If the precise function of ionic channels in these phenomenon is still unclear, there's no doubt about their interest within the framework of cancer. Some of these studies underline more specifically the implication of the K+ and Cl- channels which are presiding to cell volume regulation (RVD). An other protein, the sigma-1 receptor, is begining to draw the attention of researchers. It's a protein of 26 kDa, mostly localised at the RE and MP membranes and only related to a yeast C8-C7 sterol isomerase. Interestingly, the sigma-1 receptor is overexpressed in tumour cells. However, the reason of this overexpression remains enigmatic. Recently, Soriani has shown that sigma-1 receptor inhibit K+ channels (Soriani et al, 1998). That's why we decided to explore a putative link between sigma-1 receptor, ionic channels (K+ et Cl-) and tumour cell proliferation. In this work, we used pulmonary tumour cells (SCLC) and acute T-leucemic cells (Jurkat). For the first time, we have demonstrated that pharmacological activation of the sigma-1 receptor with specific ligands arrests cell proliferation in the G1 phase of the cell-cycle. This inhibition of proliferation is underlined by an increase in p27kip1 (a cell cycle inhibitor) and a decrease in cyclin A (a S phase key protein) expression levels. Our results indicate that this arrest is based on the inhibition of two famillies of ionic channels crucials for cell volume regulation : voltage-dependant K+ channels (Kv) and Cl- channels of the ICl,swell family. It's the first time that an inhibition of Cl- channels by sigma-1 receptors is demonstrated. In other respects, sigma-1 receptor overexpression in HEK cells alters the kinetic properties of ICl,swell leading to a slow down of volume regulation process. Therefore, when cells are submitted to an apoptotic stress, the AVD (Apoptotic Volume Decrease) is partially inhibited and cells are protected against apoptosis. Those results might explain the overexpression of the sigma-1 receptor in tumour's cells
Auger-Messier, Mannix. "Mécanisme moléculaire d'activation du récepteur AT[indice]1 de l'angiotensine II." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3244.
Lamouille, Samy. "Effets biologiques et mécanismes d'action du récepteur ALK-1 dans l'angiogenèse." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10008.
Bencheikh, Laura. "Fonctions nucléaires du récepteur de CSF-1 dans les monocytes humains." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS426/document.
CSF-1R (colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor) is a transmembrane receptor with a tyrosine kinase activity. It is expressed at the cell surface of monocytes, macrophages and their progenitors. Its ligand, CSF-1, has an instructive role on hematopoietic stem cells to direct their differentiation into the myeloid lineage. CSF-1R is also able to differentiate monocytes into macrophages. A nuclear location was described for CSF-1R in cancer cell lines, primary breast tumors and murine macrophages. In the cell nucleus, CSF-1R was suggested to regulate nuclear protein phosphorylation and gene expression. We demonstrate that a small part of CSF-1R is in the nucleus of primary human monocytes, using different antibodies and technical approaches. Nuclear CSF-1R corresponds to full length monomeric receptor. After activation by its ligand, CSF-1R is translocated form cell surface to the nucleus through a retrograde transport, together with CSF-1. Kinase activity inhibitors impaired this process while inhibitors of CRM1-dependant nuclear export (leptomycin B) can revert this effect. In monocytes, CSF-1R is localized on chromatin, mainly on intergenic and intronic regions. It colocalizes with H3K4me1 mark which signs active enhancers. The receptor is present around genes involved in morphogenesis, nervous system development, ossification and cell differentiation. CSF-1R is also located on PU.1 promoter, which is a master transcription factor involved in myeloid and monocyte differentiation. CSF- 1R is also present on genes implicated in macrophage functions, differentiation, polarization and survival. At the chromatin level, CSF-1R interacts with different transcription factors like EGR1 and exerts a co-repressive role to decrease or limit gene expression. CSF-1R nuclear localization persists in macrophages generated by exposure of monocytes to CSF-1. It entails CSF-1R relocalization on promoter-TSS and exonic regions where it colocalizes with H3K4me3 mark. The receptor is close to genes regulating vascularization, phagocytosis, metabolism, stress and hypoxia responses. CSF-1R interacts with ELK1 and YY1 to promote macrophage functions. When monocytes are differentiated into macrophages with GM-CSF, CSF-1R also remains in the nucleus. However, its chromatin localization and interactions change compared to monocytes and CSF-1 differentiated macrophages. This indicates that nuclear CSF-1R is differentially regulated, depending on the cytokine that triggers cell differentiation. In monocytes from chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, CSF-1R expression, chromatin localization and interactors are modified, indicating a deregulated CSF-1R nuclear function under pathological state. Altogether, we showed that CSF-1R is localized in the nucleus of human monocytes and macrophages where it regulates gene expression including PU.1. Preliminary results suggest CSF-1R nuclear location in myeloid progenitor subsets where the receptor could directly regulate the expression of myeloid differentiation genes. Targeting CSF-1R is currently tested as a therapeutic strategy to impair tumor infiltrating macrophages. Our results show that CSF-1R inhibitors are able to target both membrane and nuclear forms and thus to inhibit all CSF-1R activities in the cells, enhancing the potential therapeutic effects of these molecules
Chavagnieux, Cédric. "Développement d'un récepteur hybride GPS/GALILEO en environnement réel." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2007. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/564/1/CHAVAGNIEUX_C%C3%A9dric.pdf.
Larrivée, Jean-François. "Étude de la régulation des récepteurs B¦1 et B¦2 des kinines et caractérisation pharmacologique de nouveaux antagonistes du récepteur B¦1 chez le lapin." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60774.pdf.
St-Louis, Etienne. "Étude des mécanismes de rétention du récepteur opioïde delta." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9852.
Jaillard, Céline. "Edg8/s1p5 : récepteur bi-fonctionnel de l' oligodendrocyte." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066595.
Moreno, Sébastien. "Le récepteur 3 de la neurotensine/Sortiline dans la régulation de l’état dépressif." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4136/document.
Major depressive disorder is a condition that affects 20% of the population and is the leading cause of morbidity and disability worldwide. Recently, the TREK-1 potassium channel has been shown to be a potential target in the treatment of depression. The deletion of this channel or its blocking by a derived peptide resulting from the maturation of Sortilin, propeptide (PE), or its synthetic analogue Spadin, results in a phenotype of resistance to depression in mice. Sortilin is a protein able to bind with TREK-1 but also with the neurotrophic factor BDNF, an important factor for neuronal viability and depressive state regulation. Sortilin is therefore involved in regulating the intracellular addressing of TREK-1 and BDNF. Initially, my work focused on the consequences of the deletion of the Sortilin gene (sort1-/-) on the TREK-1 and BDNF addressing, and the neurotensinergic system. The results showed a decrease in TREK-1 membrane expression at the cerebral level and an increase in BDNF. All of these changes lead the Sort1-/- mice to develop a phenotype of resistance to depression. In addition, these mice show an increase in brain neurotensin concentration and its receptor 2, leading to increased resistance to pain perception. In a second phase, I was interested in whether PE, a potential antidepressant, showed serum variations in depressed patients and could be an indicator of depressive syndrome. We showed that the serum PE level is significantly reduced in depressed people, a level restored after treatment with antidepressants. In conclusion, Sortilin plays a major key in the regulation of depressive disorder and also in nociception
Chikh, Zohra. "Interaction Sérum-Transferrine Humaine-Récepteur 1 : transport du Gallium et du Cobalt." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077238.
The purpose of this thesis is to determine, if the cobalt and the gallium can be incorporated by the main way of acquisition of the iron. This way is established by two actors: the transferrin or the protein of transport of the iron and his receptor 1. The transferrin loaded in metal is recognized by the receptor. Both proteins in interaction are then incorporated in the cell by endocytose. So that this way of acquisition is borrowed, two conditions are necessary: the fîrst one is the formation of a stable complex between the transferrin and the metal and the second is the recognition of this complex by the receptor 1 of the transferrin. The chemical methods of the relaxation associated with the techniques of the fast kinetics by jump of temperature and by interrupted flow allowed, at first time, to establish the mechanisms of formation of complexes between Ga3 +, Co3 + and the transferrin. It was shown that the mechanism of formation of the complex of cobalt was different from that of the iron, whereas that of Ga3 + was relatively close. The determinations of the mechanisms of interaction between transferrins loaded metal and receiver were then undertaken. It was shown that the transferring-cobalt interacted with the receptor by two kinetic steps, the first one taking place in about fifty microseconds and the second in a few hours. On the other hand, the interaction of the transferrin loaded in gallium with the receptor takes place in a single kinetic step of some hundred of μs. Most of the kinetic constants and involved thermodynamics was determined. It allowed concluding that, in spite of lesser affinities for the gallium and the cobalt than for the iron, the transferrin-cobalt and transferrin-gallium could enter kinetic competition with the transferrin-iron in interaction with the receptor 1. It was shown, besides, that these proteins could, because of this kinetic competition, be incorporated in the cell by the main way of acquisition of the iron
Hemadi, Miryana. "Serum-Transferrine humaine et son récepteur 1 : mécanismes d'Interaction : transport de l'aluminium." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077096.
Villard, Renaud. "Synthèse et modelisation d'analogues hydrosolubles du galcer, récepteur cellulaire du VIH-1." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30056.
Abou-Lovergne, Aurélie. "Le rôle du récepteur Sigma-1 au cours de la prolifération hépatocytaire." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T107.
Guay, Jean-Christophe. "Récepteur SBAS-GNSS logiciel pour des applications temps-réel." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/642/1/GUAY_Jean%2DChristophe.pdf.
Barnouin, Romain. "Étude des fonctions du récepteur nucléaire Liver Receptor Homolog-1 (Lrh-1) dans le système nerveux central." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/BARNOUIN_Romain_2007.pdf.
Liver receptor homolog-1 (Lrh-1, Nr5a2) belongs to the family of the nuclear receptors. The objective of this PhD was to understand the functions of Lrh-1 in the various areas of the murine nervous system where it is expressed. Lrh-1 is detected in the ventral spinal cord and the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during the development. In the adult mouse, Lrh-1 is expressed in several areas of the brain, in particular in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Fonctions of Lrh-1 in the development of the neural network of the ventral spinal cord and the DRG. Lrh-1 is expressed in a sub-population of interneurons of the ventral spinal cord and DRG. These neurons belong to the locomotor and proprioceptive network. The absence of Lrh-1 leads to defects of proprioception by the reduction of related fibers of the DRG towards the ventral spinal cord. Moreover, the expression of several proteins of axonal guidance is modified in the mutant mice and could contribute to the phenotype. Functions of Lrh-1 in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus: Lrh-1 is expressed in a sub-population of neurons expressing the neuropeptides Pomc and Agrp. The deletion of Lrh-1 in the neurons leads to the modification of the transcriptional profile of the hypothalamus, in particular the genes involved in energy and stress homeostasis. These alterations in genes expression are associated with impaired leptin production and glucocorticoids homeostasis, indicating that, in mice that lack Lrh-1 specifically in the CNS, several adaptive mechanisms to maintain homeostasis are severely disrupted
Aschman, Nicolas. "Analyses structurelles et fonctionnelles de l'intéraction de la tétherine avec le récepteur ILT7." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV064/document.
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) specifically infects CD4+ T cells, thereby preventing an appropriate activation of cytotoxic T cells and B cells in response to opportunistic pathogens. In addition, HIV-1 antagonises host restriction factors, including tetherin. In the absence of the viral protein Vpu, tetherin potently inhibits virus particle release from infected cells. Tetherin also triggers proinflammatory signaling upon sensing virus assembly, and activates the dendritic cell receptor ILT7. The principal objective of this thesis was to elucidate the structural details underlying the interaction of tetherin with ILT7. Despite difficulties in the production of recombinant ILT7, the crystal structure of the N-terminal ILT7 domain could be determined. Furthermore, binding of tetherin to full-length ILT7, but not to the N-terminal domain, could be confirmed by SPR. These results provide a solid basis for the more detailed characterisation of the interaction
El-Asmar, Mohamad. "Conception d'un transmetteur/récepteur RF pour les systèmes d'identification marine." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2003. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/775/1/EL%2DASMAR_Mohamad.pdf.
Sauriol, Bruno. "Mise en oeuvre en temps réel d'un récepteur hybride GPS-GALILEO." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/103/1/SAURIOL_Bruno.pdf.
Dormishian, Mojdeh. "Rôle de récepteur 1 des prokinéticines dans les cellules endothéliales : étude in vivo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ072.
Endothelium is the largest living organ which has important role in many biological functions such as maintaining vascular smooth muscle tone, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, tissue growth and regulating lipid oxidation. Abnormalities in endothelium cause a large wide range of diseases from cardiovascular diseases to metabolic disorders. This emphasizes the important need for in-depth study of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction. Prokineticins are peptidic hormones widely distributed in peripheral and various endocrine mammalian tissues. Prokineticins are involved in many biological functions including angiogenesis, gastro-intestinal motility and regulation of heart and kidney physiopathology. These regulatory peptides act via two G protein couple receptor, PKR1 and PKR1. Recent studies show that PKR1 is involved in angiogenesis however PKR2 induces fenestration in coronary endothelial cells. However the role of PKR1 regulation in endothelial cells in vivo has not been studied yet.The aim of this study is to understand to what extent endothelial-prokineticin signaling affect adult organ functions in vivo. We had generated mutant mice lacking PKR1 in endothelium, by Cre-loxP technology, and studied how inactivation of PKR1 in endothelial cells affects different peripheral organ functions. These mice exhibit endothelial dysfunction as observed by abnormal endothelial cell proliferation and endothelial dependent relaxations. Moreover these mice exhibit cardiac, renal and metabolic disorders. Results indicate that PKR1 can be target for treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders
Laporte, Stéphane. "Caractérisation moléculaire du récepteur à l'angiotensine II de type 1 par mutagenèse dirigée." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26386.pdf.
Gobeil, Fernand. "Caractérisation pharmacologique du récepteur B¦1 humain des kinines et de ses antagonistes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/NQ57001.pdf.
Pérodin, Jacqueline. "Étude conformationnelle de l'angiotensine II et du récepteur AT[indice inférieur 1] humain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0030/NQ61860.pdf.
Domazet, Ivana. "Propriétés structurales et fonctionnelles du récepteur AT[indice inférieur 1] de l’angiotensine II." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6702.
Smadja, David. "Rôle du récepteur de la thrombine PAR-1 dans l'expansion des progéniteurs endothéliaux." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05P625.
The injection of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in preclinical models of ischemia has been shown to enhance neovascularization. However, the scarcity of EPCs in human peripheral blood is a limitation for of its use as a cell therapy product, and the development of an expansion procedure is a crucial issue. In this work, we have characterized EPCs during in vitro expansion, using EPCs derived from cord blood CD34+ cells. An increased expression of KDR/VEGFR2 along expansion was observed, together with an increase of in vitro angiogenic properties. We also show the presence of the thrombin receptor PAR-1 on expanded EPCs. The importance of PAR-1 in blood vessel development has been demonstrated in knockout mice. As EPCs are thought to be involved in postnatal vasculogenesis, we examined the effect of PAR-1 activation on EPCs. PAR-1 activation induced EPCs proliferation, resulting of an angiopoietin 2 upregulation. PAR-1 activation also enhanced actin reorganization, promoting both spontaneous migration in a Boyden chamber assay and migration toward SDF-1. Finally, PAR-1 stimulation by SFLLRN increased the formation of capillary-like structures formed by EPCs in Matrigel, and this effect was abrogated by anti-CXCR-4 and anti-SDF-1 antibodies. All together, PAR-1 activation on cord blood derived EPCs led to a proangiogenic effect. In vivo, enhancement of angiogenic properties of EPCs by thrombin generated at the target site might promote vasculogenesis and thrombus resorption. Our data suggest that SFLLRN peptide could be used to expand cord blood derived-EPCs ex vivo. However, this effect was not found on EPCs isolated from adult blood, underlining the usefulness of a procedure designed to mobilize immature endothelial cells from bone marrow to peripheral blood
Bourette, Roland. "Expression fonctionnelle du récepteur du CSF-1 humain dans les cellules hématopoïétiques murines." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10286.
Zhao, Zhe. "Le rôle du récepteur des cannabinoïde de type 1 dans la consommation d'eau." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0319.
Water intake is crucial for maintaining body fluid homeostasis and animals’ survival. Complex brain processes trigger thirst, which arises upon losing blood volume (i.e. extracellular dehydration) or increasing blood osmolality (i.e. intracellular dehydration), to replenish water for fluid balance. The brain plays a key role in modulating these processes, but the central mechanisms regulating water intake are not fully understood. Type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1) are widely and abundantly expressed in the central nervous system where they modulate a variety of functions, such as memory, anxiety and feeding behavior. However, the role of CB1 receptors in the control of water intake is still a matter of debate, since pharmacological activation or blockade of CB1 receptors produced contradictory results in drinking behavior experiments.My thesis work focuses on the role of CB1 receptors in the control of water intake. By using genetic, pharmacological, anatomical, imaging, and behavioral approaches, I examined the involvement of CB1 receptors in the control of water intake induced by different physiological conditions of extracellular or intracellular dehydration. The results showed that CB1 receptor signaling is required to promote water intake. In particular, global deletion of CB1 receptors does not change plasma osmolality and body water composition, but it decreases water intake induced by water deprivation, systemic or intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of sodium chloride, or ICV injection of the peptide hormone angiotensin II. In the attempt to better detail the neuronal mechanisms of this function, I discovered that the presence of CB1 receptors in cortical glutamatergic neurons, particularly the ones located in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamatergic neurons promote drinking behavior. CB1 receptors are abundantly expressed in axon terminal of ACC glutamatergic neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and selective expression of CB1 receptors in this circuit is sufficient to guarantee proper drinking behavior in mice. Altogether, these data reveal that CB1 receptors are necessary to promote water intake, and that their presence in the ACC-BLA circuit is sufficient for the top-down control of drinking behavior.Furthermore, I also provided evidence that CB1 controls water intake in different conditions at other levels, e.g. insular cortex, cholinergic cells, and mitochondria.In summary, my thesis work analyzed the role of CB1 receptors in distinct cell populations/neuronal circuits for the control of water intake. These results will help further understanding the functions of the ECS and the brain regulation of thirst
Bonetto, Stéphane [André]. "Identification et caractérisation de nouveaux ligands peptidiques du récepteur 1 humain aux mélanocortines." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX22011.
Desprez, Tifany. "Rôle(s) du récepteur aux cannabinoïdes mitochondrial de type 1 dans le cerveau." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0088/document.
Type-1 cannabinoid receptor CB1 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), widely expressed in the brain, which regulates numerous physiological processes. However, the cellular mechanisms of CB1-mediated control of these functions are poorly understood. Although CB1 are known to signal at the plasma membrane, a portion of these receptors are also present in mitochondria (mtCB1), where mtCB1 activation decreases mitochondrial activity. The goal of this thesis was to dissect the impact of brain mtCB1 signaling in known behavioral effects induced by cannabinoids. To distinguish the functions of mtCB1 from other receptor pools, we developed tools based on the characterization of the intra-mitochondrial molecular cascade induced by mtCB1 receptors. In isolated brain mitochondria, we found that intra-mitochondrial decrease of soluble-adenylyl cyclase (sAC) activity links mtCB1- dependent activation of Gαi/o proteins to decrease cellular respiration. Local brain inhibition of sAC activity blocks cannabinoid-induced amnesia, catalepsy and contributes to the hypolocomotor effect of cannabinoids. In addition, we generated a functional mutant CB1 protein (DN22-CB1) lacking the first 22 amino acid of CB1 and its mitochondrial localization. Differently from CB1, activation of DN22-CB1 does not affect mitochondrial activity. Hippocampal in vivo expression of DN22-CB1 abolished both cannabinoid-induced impairment of synaptic transmission and amnesia in mice. Together, these studies couple mitochondrial activity to behavioral performances. The involvement of mtCB1 in the effects of cannabinoids on memory and motor control highlights the key role of bioenergetic processes as regulators of brain functions
Villemain, Le Hagre Laure. "Le récepteur Sigma 1 : implication dans la prolifération et la stéatose des hépatocytes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS370.
Sigma 1 receptor (SigR1) is a transmembrane protein of the RE, enriched in the MAMs, which would act like a chaperone. Although ubiquitous, SigR1 is especially expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and the liver. In the CNS, SigR1 has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases and also pain and depression. SigR1 is also involved in cancer. SigR1 is overexpressed in many cancer tumors and especially in hormone dependent tumors where its expression is correlated to the hormonal status of the tumor. Although SigR1 is highly expressed in the liver, its role in this organ is unknown. Aiming at finding the role of this protein in the liver we analyze its expression in several liver tumors. SigR1 is significantly overexpressed in hepatocellular adenomas mutated for HNF1α gene, H-HCA. H-HCA are benign liver tumors with marked steatosis. They are mostly found in women taking oral contraceptives (estrogens). Why is SigR1 overexpressed in H-HCA ans what are the consequences of this overexpression? Using hepatocyte cellular models (HepG2 and Huh7) and mice that are KO for HNF1α gene, we found the following results. Estrogens induce the expression of SigR1 through its nuclear receptor ERα. HNF1α inhibition also induces its expression. This overexpression leads to an increase of the cell proliferation rate and steatosis. These effects resume H-HCA patients’ phenotype
Taillefer, Michel. "Rôle du récepteur 1 de la sphingosine-1-phosphate dans les dysfonctions épithéliales observées dans un modèle d'asthme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29705/29705.pdf.
Asthma is in progression and 5 to 10 % of asthmatics are refractory to current interventions. In the lung, activation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) by specific agonists inhibits allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. However, cellular mechanisms and targeted cells are unknown. Since dysfunctions of bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) are central in asthma pathogenesis, activation of S1PR1 was evaluated in the reversal of BEC dysfunctions in a model of asthma and in human cells. Upregulation of S1PR1 in BEC of rats with experimental asthma and in human cells reversed epithelial cell dysfunctions. Indeed activation of S1PR1 by the specific agonist CYM-5442 decreases paracellular permeability and reduces the release of chemokine, under proinflammatory conditions. Therefore, S1PR1 seems to be involved in maintaining pulmonary homeostasis. This metabolic pathway could be of interest for controlling refractory asthma.
Magnier, Benjamin. "Rôle du récepteur nucléaire Liver Receptor Homolog-1 (LRH-1) dans l’homéostasie du cholestérol et des acides biliaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/MAGNIER_Benjamin_2007.pdf.
The goal of this work was to evaluate the in vivo role of the nuclear receptor Liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1) in the control of cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis. To this end, a mouse model in which the LRH-1 gene is specifically deleted in the hepatocytes was generated. These mice show a massive reduction of CYP8B1 and fail to produce cholic acid. In addition, we also show that the profound remodeling of the BA composition reduces significantly the efficacy of intestinal absorption of lipids and re-uptake of BAs and facilitates the removal of lipids from the body. Our studies hence unequivocally demonstrate a pivotal role for LRH-1 in determining the composition of BAs, which, in turn, has major consequences on the whole body lipid homeostasis. The second step of this work was to study the impact of the absence of LRH-1 on the hepatic transcriptome. The preliminary outcome of this study is suggestive for a predominant role of LRH-1 in both lipid metabolism and immune defense
Cassier, Philippe. "Rôle et implications du contrôle apoptotique exercé par la netrin-1 et ses récepteurs dans les leucémies aiguës myéloïdes." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1162.
Acute myloide leukemias (AML) are malignant proliferation of bonoe marrow progenitor cells. Their incidence increases with age. Clinical symptoms are due to the accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and in the blood. AML are very aggressive tumors and there treatment is currently based on intensive chemotherapy.Netrin-1 is a diffusible ligand which provides important guidance cue during the development of the central nervous system as well as that of the vascular system. Netrin-1 interacts with many receptors among which are Deleted in Colon Cancer (DCC) and receptors of the UNC5H family which are dependence receptors. These receptors induce a positive signaling when bound to their receptors but can also induce an apoptotic signal when their ligand is unbound. There is emerging data suggesting that netrin-1 has oncogenic properties, while dependence receptors behave as tumor suppressors in several cancer models, but the role of netrin-1 and its receptors is unknown in hematological malignancies.As seen in other models, we show that netrin-1 is overexpressed in a sizable fraction of AML cases. Furthermore, netrin-1 prevents apoptosis by binding to its dependence receptors. Consequently interfering with the binding of netrin-1 to its dependence receptors, using a netrin-1 directed monoclonal antibody, induces apoptosis in AML cells. These data suggest that therapeutic interference with netrin-1’s binding to dependence receptor may have activity in AML
Paoletti, Audrey. "Étude des étapes précoces de l’infection par le VIH-1 : identification d’un nouveau point de contrôle immunitaire immunitaire impliquant le récepteur P2Y2 et la protéine NLRP3." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS240.
In 3 decades infection with the virus of the human immunodeficiency of type 1 (HIV-1) caused over than 34 million deaths and the surge of new multiresistant virus strains require the development of novel antiretroviral strategies.Our laboratories revealed a new signaling pathway involving in the early step of HIV-1 infection, involving a hemichannel (Pannexin-1), a common danger signal (extracellular ATP) and a purinergic receptor (P2Y2). These three cellular events are also players in the immune response; we decided to continue the study of proteins involved in the innate immune response during the early stages of infection by HIV -1.Here we demonstrated during this work a new interaction between the purinergic receptor P2Y2 and protein of the inflammasome NLRP3. We demonstrate that P2Y2-stimulated migration of macrophages is inhibited by NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Conversely, NLRP3-dependent macrophage polarization, interleukin-1 β secretion and pyroptosis are under the control of P2Y2-induced autophagy.Finally, the results suggest that the interaction between NLRP3 and P2Y2 is a new immunological checkpoint that regulates macrophage functions. Following this work, we analyzed the role of this immunological control during infection by HIV -1 and have demonstrated that activation of the inflammasome NLRP3 prevents the activation of the purinergic signaling channel involving ATP, pannexin -1 and the P2Y2 receptor, and which allows the entry of HIV -1 in its target cells. Our research and bring to light the capacity of the NLRP3 inflammasome to represent a new inducible restriction factor of HIV-1.All of this research work highlights the existence in macrophages of a new immune system checkpoint involving NLRP3 protein and P2Y2 receptor and can be modulated in order to develop new therapeutic approaches to fight against the emergence of viruses resistant to conventional retroviral treatments
Bigé, Naïke. "Rôle de la Thrombospondine-1 et du récepteur CD47 dans le développement de la fibrose rénale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066705/document.
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a major endogenous activator of TGF-β1 and has anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties. One of its partners, receptor CD47, plays a critical role in its anti-angiogenic activity and also regulates inflammation. After unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), TSP-1 expression increases, correlates to TGF-β1 and collagen III expression and decreases with renal repair after desobstruction. Use of TSP-1 knock-out mice allowed us to demonstrate that TSP-1 favours renal injury by increasing vascular lesions and inflammatory cells recruitment. This pro-inflammatory effect depends, at least in part, on chemotactic factor MCP-1, increasing in leukocyte rolling and engagement of T cells in Th17 pathway. CD47 knock-out mice also benefit from tubular and vascular protection after UUO. However, they exhibit increased interstitial fibrosis associated with higher expression of TSP-1 and TGF-β1, which could compromise renal repair. Preliminary study of nephroangiosclerosis models in rats and mice revealed that TSP-1 expression is induced in renal tissue by arterial hypertension and is correlated to the severity of histological lesions, suggesting its physiopathological role. These results show that TSP-1 and CD47 are involved in renal fibrosis and that they represent potential therapeutic target in the management of chronic kidney disease
Gong, Caifeng. "Intérêt de l’utilisation d’un peptidomimétique ciblant le récepteur NRP-1 pour le traitement du médulloblastome." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0115.
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors which is the leading cause of cancer death in children. Despite the progress of new treatments, the risk of recurrence, morbidity, and death after treatment remain important. The neuropilin-1 receptor (NRP-1) has recently been implicated in tumor progression of MBs, which seems to play an important role in the phenotype of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Targeting this molecule could thus present an interesting therapeutic value in the treatment of MB. We have selected cancer stem like cells of MBs in the form of medullospheres (MSs) from 3 cell lines (DAOY, D283-Med and Med-D341). These models were characterized by expression of neuropilins (NRP-1 and NRP-2) and phenotypic markers (CD133, CD15 and NF-M). Results showed a significant increase of the expression of NRP-1 by our CSCs models cultured in MSs that confirms our targeting strategy. The impact of the treatment of these cells with an innovative compound specifically targeting NRP-1, MR438, was then evaluated in vitro alone and in association with radiotherapy, especially on the study of the capacity for self-renewal. A decrease of self-renewal capacity for MB stem cells after exposition of MR438 with an increase of radiosensitivity for the 3 cell models in vitro was demonstrated. In vivo, MR438 was evaluated on heterotopic xenograft models in nude mice and showed a significant augmentation of radiosensitivity for DAOY tumors with a tendency to decrease tumor progression for the other 2 cell lines. Interestingly, the compound MR438 induced a significant decrease in the number of stem cells for all of our models. The compound appeared to induce CSCs to a differentiated phenotype at least for the DAOY cells, although mechanisms could not be clearly elucidated. In conclusion, inhibition of NRP-1 via MR438 seems to stimulate the differentiation of CSCs that may eventually reduce the progression of MB and bring a benefit in association with radiotherapy. Evaluation of this compound on orthotopic models of MB would provide information on its effectiveness on models closer to the physiopathology taking into account its distribution at the cerebral level
Yaddaden, Louiza. "Caractérisation de variants du récepteur des cystéinyl leucotriènes de type 1, CysLT[indice inférieur 1]-G300S et CysLT[indice inférieur 1]-I206S." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7515.
Lambert, Sophie. "Rôle majeur de la neuropiline-1 dans le mécanisme d'entrée du HTLV-1 : le récepteur du HTLV-1 : un ménage à trois ?" Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066061.
Girard, Béatrice. "Régulation de la peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygénase par les agonistes des récepteurs alpha-1 adrénergiques dans les cultures primaires de coeurs de rats nouveau-nés et caractérisation de la lignée cellulaire cardiaque H9c2." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20668.pdf.
Chieng, Yane Pauline. "Signalisation endothéliale des récepteurs thrombomoduline, PAR-1 et ErbB : rôle dans le remodelage vasculaire et auriculaire." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P623.
The α-thrombin is a serine-protease involved in the maintenance of vascular function. Thrombin has ambivalent functions through its two receptors, PAR-1 and thrombomodulin. Thrombomodulin has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties but it signaling still remains to be characterized. I first demonstrated that thrombin binding to thrombomodulin induces the release of soluble thrombomodulin fragments to activate the tyrosine kinase receptors, EGFR and ErbB2 and inhibits monocyte adhesion to endothelium and PAR-1 pro-inflammatory signals. Using models of atrial remodeling and restenosis in rats, we showed that thrombomodulin transcription is down regulated while PAR-1 signaling is activated. A PAR-1 inhibitor prevents atrial dilation by stimulating the anti-apoptotic ErbB2 signaling pathway but has no effect on thrombomodulin transcription. It also inhibits angioplasty-induced restenosis without preventing early decrease in expression of thrombomodulin, EGFR and ErbB2. Thus, dysfunction of the balance between the signaling pathways of thrombomodulin and PAR-1 results in tissue remodeling and inflammatory processes. So, PAR-1 inhibitors have a therapeutic potential and thrombomodulin is a new therapeutic target for cardiovascular and proliferative diseases
Filteau, Catherine. "Développement, synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux antagonistes du récepteur B [indice] 1 des kinines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0016/MQ56899.pdf.
Fumex, Maud. "Etude de la sulfatation des protéines dans les processus d’interactions biologiques : cas du récepteur aux chimiokines CXCR4." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE033.
Sulfation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins. The known sulfated proteins are mostly cell receptors and among them, CXCR4 attracts growing attention because of its involvement in numerous physio-pathological processes (immune response, HIV infection). The 38 amino-acid extracellular domain of CXCR4 (P38 peptide), containing three tyrosine residues known to be sulfated, is important for the interaction with its specific ligand, the SDF-1α/CXCL12 chemokine (Stromal cell-derived factor-1α). The role of sulfation in this interaction remains to be established.The P38 peptide was chemically synthesized and regioselectively sulfated on all the tyrosines (mono-, di- or tri-sulfated peptides, 7 combinations). The impact of both distribution and position of sulfate groups on the interaction between P38 and SDF-1α was studied by affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) hyphenated to electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).An interaction between P38 and SDF-1α was highlighted by ACE. It was strongly enhanced by the increase of P38 sulfation degree. The complex stoichiometry was then determined by ACE-MS, and 1:1 complexes were predominantly obtained, with all the peptides. This work opens the orad to the three-partner interaction studies involving glycosaminoglycans
Bissey, Pierre-Antoine. "La mort induite par le récepteur à dépendance Patched-1 : mécanismes moléculaires et régression tumorale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10068.
Patched-1 (Ptc1) receptor, the main receptor of the morphogen Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) belongs to the dependence receptors family. These receptors are able to induce two opposite signaling pathways depending on the availability of their ligand. Indeed in the presence of its ligand, a dependence receptor induces a positive signaling cascade such as cell survival or differentiation whereas in the absence of its ligand, it triggers apoptotic cell death. Thus, cells that express these receptors are dependent of the presence of their ligands for their survival. The study of the Ptc1 pro-apoptotic pathway has allowed the identification of a caspases activating complex, called “dependosome”, and formed by DRAL, TUCAN and caspase9. More recently, we identified in a two-hybrid screen Nedd4-1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. We have shown that Nedd4-1 interacts with Ptc1 and the “dependosome” in the absence of Shh. Moreover, we have observed that Nedd4-1 is required for Ptc1 proapoptotic pathway and that Nedd4-1 activates directly the caspase9 through its polyubiquitination. Thus, as we are starting to better understand the mechanism of cell death induction by the dependence receptor Ptc1, our study also allowed us to identify a new mechanism for caspase9 activation. Besides, it is known that Shh is overexpressed in several cancers. In addition, Ptc1 receptor has been described as a tumor suppressor gene. Thus, we raised the hypothesis that the couple Shh/Ptc1 could be involved in tumorigenesis by controlling the balance between cell survival and cell death. We investigated whether Ptc1-induced cell death could lead to tumor regression in vivo. Thanks to xenograft models we have shown that interfering with Shh autocrine loop inhibits tumor growth in a Ptc1-induced cell death dependent manner. These results highlight the importance of the apoptotic control exerted by the couple Shh/Ptc1 in tumoral escape and could provide novel insights in current anti-cancer drug development based on Shhtargeting
Honore, Jean-Claude. "Pharmacologie et physiopathogie de l'endothéline-1 (1-31) et du récepteur ET[indice inférieur B] dans le système cardiovasculaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4266.
Faraut, Brice. "Synaptogénèse et plasticité neuromusculaire : conséquences de l'activation du récepteur de la thrombine, PAR-1." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P612.
Thrombin is a serine protease that regulates numerous cellular functions by activating via specific proteolytic cleavage a family of G-protein-coupled receptors (PARs). The thrombin receptor PAR-1 and the thrombin inhibitor protease nexin-1 are both expressed by muscle cells during the formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We have then hypothesized that thrombin was involved in the formation and plasticity of the NMJ. We show in myotubes in vitro that thrombin, by activating PAR-1, decreases the expression of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) while its specific inhibitor, hirudin, increases its expression. In addition, this effect of thrombin is mediated through intracellular calcium signals IP3 receptor-dependent. Then, in neuron-myotube cocultures, we show that thrombin via PAR-1 decreases neuromuscular contact size whereas hirudin has the opposite effect. Therefore, we have studied the expression of the muscle-specific tyrosine-kinase receptor, MuSK, which activation leads to the aggregation of AChRs mediated by rapsyn and of other post-synaptic proteins during the formation of neuromuscular contacts. We find that rapsyn expression is not changed but the one of MuSK is reduced in presence of thrombin. In conclusion, this study reveals a signaling pathway for AChR regulation by thrombin and significant modifications of neuromuscular synaptogenesis when MuSK and AChR levels are reduced by thrombin. Recently, mutations in MuSK gene have been identified by our team for the first time in neuromuscular human pathology. To study the pathogen features of these mutations, this latter have been expressed in muscle cells and the repercussion on neuromuscular synaptogenesis were analysed in vitro. We find that a nonsense mutation of the intracellular domain of MuSK decreases AChR e-subunit gene transcription and also induces an exuberant axonal growth in neuron-myotube cocultures. All together, this data contribute to a better comprehension of the mechanisms involved in the formation and the maintenance of the NMJ
Eric, Jadranka. "Expression du récepteur B[indice inférieur 1] de la bradykinine dans l'inflammation allergique pulmonaire." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3265.
Gobeil, Fernand Junior. "Caractérisation pharmacologique du récepteur B [indice] 1 humain des kinines et de ses antagonistes." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1998. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4123.
Di, Malta Laure. "Clonage et caractérisation pharmacologique du récepteur de la cholécystokinine de type 1 de souris." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON13520.
Teyssier, Catherine. "Mécanisme de l'interférence transcriptionnelle entre le récepteur des oestrogènes et les facteurs AP-1." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON1T007.
Bastien, Dominic. "Rôle du récepteur purinergique P2X4R et de l'IL-1 dans la moelle épinière lésée." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25741.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to neuroinflammation-mediated damage and repair. The work presented in this thesis studied the cells and molecules initiating the inflammatory response in the injured spinal cord, in particular glial cells and cytokines. We investigated the role of purinergic receptor P2X4R and cytokines of the IL-1 family, IL-1α and IL-1β, in neutrophil and proinflammatory (M1) monocyte recruitment, tissue damage and locomotor function recovery after SCI. First, we showed that P2X4R is expressed in neurons of the normal spinal cord, and that activation of this receptor after SCI induces caspase-1 cleavage and production of mature IL-1β. We provided evidence that P2X4R-KO mice have impaired caspase-1 activation, resulting in decreased IL-1β levels and reduced neutrophil and M1 monocyte infiltration. Importantly, P2X4R-KO mice exhibited significant improvements in tissue sparing and locomotor behavior. These results suggest that P2X4R plays an essentiel role in neurodegeneration after SCI. Next, we showed that IL-1α is rapidly produced by microglia after SCI, and that this is followed by production of IL-1β by infiltrating neutrophils and monocyte-derived M1 macrophages. Despite the fact that the infiltration of these immune cell types was equally reduced in IL-1α-KO, IL-1β-KO and WT mice, IL-1α-KO mice exhibited significantly better locomotor recovery as early as day 1 post-SCI compared to the other two mouse lines. Transcriptome analysis of SCI tissue identifed transcripts that were specifically regulated in IL-1α-KO mice exclusively, including the neuronal survival factor TOX3. We confirmed by immunofluorescence that TOX3 is overexpressed by CC1+ oligodendrocytes from IL-1α-KO mice. These results suggest that oligodendrocytes from these mice would be less sensitive to cell death after injury, thus leading to sparing of spinal cord white matter and better functional recovery.