Готові списки джерел за темами / Realistic head model

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Realistic head model"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Realistic head model"

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Siregar, Nella Putriyani, and Ella Andhany. "PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER DAN REALISTICS MATHEMATIC EDUCATION TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 11 MEDAN." AXIOM : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Matematika 9, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/axiom.v9i1.7253.

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<p class="AfiliasiCxSpFirst" align="left"><strong>Abstrak:</strong></p><p class="AfiliasiCxSpMiddle">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran <em>Numbered Head Together </em>dan model pembelajaran <em>Realistics Mathematic Education </em>di kelas XI SMA Negeri 11 Medan. Penelitian ini merupakan peneltian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian kuasi eksperimen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 11 Medan yang terdiri dari 2 kelas dan berjumlah 60 siswa, yang juga dijadikan sampel pada penelitian ini yakni sebagai sampel jenuh. Instrumen tes yang digunakan adalah dengan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dan tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah berbentuk uraian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis vaian (ANAVA). Hasil temuan ini menunjukkan: 1) Kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran <em>Numbered Head Together</em> lebih baik dari pada siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran <em>Realistics Mathematic Education </em>pada materi turunan fungsi; 2)Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran <em>Numbered Head Together</em> tidak lebih baik dari pada siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran <em>Realistics Mathematic Education </em>pada materi turunan fungsi; 3) Kemampuan berpikir kritis dan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran <em>Numbered Head Together</em> lebih baik dari pada siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran <em>Realistics Mathematic Education </em>pada materi turunan fungsi; 4) Terdapat interaksi yang signifikan antara model pembelajaran yang digunakan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa pada materi turunan fungsi. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis dan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa lebih sesuai diajarkan dengan Model Pembelajaran <em>Numbered Head Together</em> dari pada Model Pembelajaran <em>Realistics Mathematic Education </em>pada materi turunan fungsi<em>.</em></p><p class="AfiliasiCxSpMiddle" align="left"><strong> </strong></p><p class="AfiliasiCxSpLast" align="left"><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>:</p><p>Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis, Model Pembelajaran <em>Numbered Head Together</em>, Model Pembelajaran <em>Realistics Mathematic Education</em></p><p> </p><p class="AfiliasiCxSpFirst" align="left"><strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong></p><p class="AfiliasiCxSpMiddle"><em>This study aims to determine the effect of critical thinking skills and mathematical problem solving abilities of students who are taught with the Numbered Head Together learning model and the Realistic Mathematic Education learning model in class XI of SMA Negeri 11 Medan. This research is a quantitative research with the type of research that is quasi experiment. The population of this study was all students of class XI of SMA Negeri 11 Medan consisting of 2 classes and totaling 60 students, who were also sampled in this study as saturated samples. The test instrument used was a critical thinking ability test and a problem solving ability test in the form of a description. Data analysis was performed by analysis of variants (ANAVA). These findings show: 1) The ability to think critically the mathematics of students taught using the Numbered Head Together learning model is better than students taught with the Realistic Mathematic Education learning model on functional derivative material; 2) The ability to solve mathematical problems of students who are taught using the Numbered Head Together learning model is no better than students who are taught with Realistic Mathematic Education learning models on functional derivative material; 3) The ability to think critically and solve mathematical problems of students taught using the Numbered Head Together learning model is better than students taught with Realistic Mathematic Education learning models on functional derivative materials; 4) There is a significant interaction between the learning models used in critical thinking skills and students' mathematical problem solving on functional derivative material. The conclusion in this study explains that the ability to think critically and solve students' mathematical problems is more suitable to be taught with the Numbered Head Together Learning Model than the Realistic Mathematic Education Learning Model on functional derivative material.</em></p><p class="AfiliasiCxSpMiddle"><em> </em></p><p class="AfiliasiCxSpLast" align="left"><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>:</em></p><p><em>Critical Thinking Ability, Mathematical Problem Solving Ability, Numbered Head Together Learning Model, Realistic Mathematic Education Learning Model</em></p>
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Sugihatno, A. C. M. S., Budiyono, and I. Slamet. "Realistic Matematic Approach through Numbered Head Together Learning Model." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 895 (September 2017): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/895/1/012026.

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Sadleir, Rosalind J., Tracy D. Vannorsdall, David J. Schretlen, and Barry Gordon. "Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in a realistic head model." NeuroImage 51, no. 4 (July 2010): 1310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.052.

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Roth, Yiftach, Gaby S. Pell, and Abraham Zangen. "Realistic shape head model and spherical model as methods for TMS coil characterization." Clinical Neurophysiology 126, no. 7 (July 2015): 1455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2014.08.027.

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Vatta, Federica, Fabio Meneghini, Fabrizio Esposito, Stefano Mininel, and Francesco Di Salle. "Realistic and Spherical Head Modeling for EEG Forward Problem Solution: A Comparative Cortex-Based Analysis." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/972060.

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The accuracy of forward models for electroencephalography (EEG) partly depends on head tissues geometry and strongly affects the reliability of the source reconstruction process, but it is not yet clear which brain regions are more sensitive to the choice of different model geometry. In this paper we compare different spherical and realistic head modeling techniques in estimating EEG forward solutions from current dipole sources distributed on a standard cortical space reconstructed from Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) MRI data. Computer simulations are presented for three different four-shell head models, two with realistic geometry, either surface-based (BEM) or volume-based (FDM), and the corresponding sensor-fitted spherical-shaped model. Point Spread Function (PSF) and Lead Field (LF) cross-correlation analyses were performed for 26 symmetric dipole sources to quantitatively assess models' accuracy in EEG source reconstruction. Realistic geometry turns out to be a relevant factor of improvement, particularly important when considering sources placed in the temporal or in the occipital cortex.
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Seo, Hyeon, and Sung Chan Jun. "Computational exploration of epidural cortical stimulation using a realistic head model." Computers in Biology and Medicine 135 (August 2021): 104290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104290.

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Jalilvand, M., Chuanren Wu, J. Schmid, and T. Zwick. "Quantitative imaging of numerically realistic human head model using microwave tomography." Electronics Letters 50, no. 4 (February 2014): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2013.4078.

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Paulus, W. "Source analysis of visual evoked potentials in a realistic head model." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (July 1997): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4694(97)87997-0.

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Xu, Peng, and Dezhong Yao. "A novel method based on realistic head model for EEG denoising." Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 83, no. 2 (August 2006): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2006.06.002.

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Tae-Seong Kim, Yongxia Zhou, Sungheon Kim, and M. Singh. "EEG distributed source imaging with a realistic finite-element head model." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 49, no. 3 (June 2002): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2002.1039558.

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Дисертації з теми "Realistic head model"

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Katyal, Bhavana. "Multiple current dipole estimation in a realistic head model using signal subspace methods." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2004/b%5Fkatyal%5F072904.pdf.

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Akalin, Acar Zeynep. "Electro-magnetic Source Imaging Using Realistic Head Models." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606173/index.pdf.

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Electro-Magnetic Source Imaging (EMSI) is the estimation of the position, orientation and strength of active electrical sources within the brain from electrical and magnetic measurements. For an accurate source localization, the head model must correctly represent the electrical and geometrical properties of the head. To solve the forward problem using realistic head models numerical techniques must be used. This work uses the Boundary Element Method (BEM) for solving the forward problem. The accuracy of the existing BEM formulation is improved by using second order elements, recursive integration and the isolated problem approach (IPA). Two new formulations are developed to improve the solution speed by computing transfer matrices for EEG and MEG solutions. The IPA formulation is generalized and integrated into the accelerated BEM algorithm. Once the transfer matrices are computed, the forward solutions take about 300 ms for a 256 sensor EEG and MEG system. The head model used in the BEM solutions is constructed by segmenting three dimensional multimodal magnetic resonance images. For segmentation, a semi-automatic hybrid algorithm is developed that makes use of snakes, morphological operations, thresholding and region growing. The mesh generation algorithm allows intersecting tissue compartments. For the inverse problem solution genetic algorithm (GA) is used to search for a given number of dipoles. Source localization with simulated data show that the localization error is within 1.1 mm for EEG and 1.2 mm for MEG when SNR is 10 on a realistic model with 7 compartments. When a single-dipole source in a realistic model is explored using a best-fit spherical model, the localization errors increase up to 8.5 mm for EEG and 7 mm for MEG. Similar tests are also performed with multiple dipoles. It was observed that realistic models provide definitely more accurate results compared to spherical models. The EMSI approach is also tested using experimental EEG data to localize the sources of auditory evoked potentials. The reconstructed source locations are correctly found in the Heschl'
s gyrus. In conclusion, this thesis presents a complete source localization framework for future brain research using the EMSI.
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Gursoy, Doga. "Multi-frequency Contactless Electrical Impedance Imaging Using Realistic Head Models: Single Coil Simulations." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608201/index.pdf.

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Contactless electrical impedance imaging technique is based upon the measurement of secondary electromagnetic fields caused by induced currents inside the body. In this study, a circular single-coil is used as a transmitter and a receiver. The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to solve the induced current density distribution inside the realistic head model resulting from a sinusoidal excitation, (2) to calculate the impedance change of the same coil from the induced current distribution inside the head model. The Finite Difference Method is used to solve the induced current density in the head. The realistic head model is formed by seven tissues with a 1 mm resolution. The electrical properties of the model are assigned as a function of frequency. The quasi-stationary assumptions, especially for head tissues, are explored. It is shown that, numerical solution of only the scalar potential is sufficient to obtain the induced current density in the head below 10 MHz operating frequency. This simplification not only reduce the excessive size of the solution domain, but also reduces the number of unknowns by a factor of 4. For higher frequencies (depending on the application) induction and propagation effects become important. Additionally it is observed that dynamic monitoring of hemorrhage at any frequency seems feasible. It is concluded that the methodology provides useful information about the electrical properties of the human head via contactless measurements and has a potent as a new imaging modality for different clinical applications.
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Aydin, Ümit [Verfasser], Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] Haueisen, Ceon [Akademischer Betreuer] Ramon, and Carsten H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wolters. "Combined EEG and MEG source analysis of epileptiform activity using calibrated realistic finite element head models / Ümit Aydin. Gutachter: Ceon Ramon ; Carsten H. Wolters. Betreuer: Jens Haueisen." Ilmenau : Universitätsbibliothek Ilmenau, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072072939/34.

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Aydin, Ümit [Verfasser], Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] Haueisen, Ceon Akademischer Betreuer] Ramon, and Carsten H. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Wolters. "Combined EEG and MEG source analysis of epileptiform activity using calibrated realistic finite element head models / Ümit Aydin. Gutachter: Ceon Ramon ; Carsten H. Wolters. Betreuer: Jens Haueisen." Ilmenau : Universitätsbibliothek Ilmenau, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ilm1-2015000040.

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Wu, Yungkang, and 伍永康. "Methods to generate a realistic 3D head and face model." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19759912165343857219.

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Анотація:
碩士
國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
87
For many years, to synthize a realistic 3D head model on a computer is the dream of many researchers. In this thesis, a semi-automatic method to generate a 3D head model like with one generic head model and three photographs which are taken from the front, left and right views is proposed. Feature points are selected from front and side pictures manually, and are used as (x,y) and (y,z)coordinates of target head model, respectively. After the realistic head model is generated, the color discontinuity between photos on the face then has to be eliminated with multi-resolution pyramid method to get better quality. In synthesis, it is rendered with OpenGL, and the effects and speed are also measured. This is believed to be a very useful technique in special effect, animation production or visual communication with the addition of facial action parameters.
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Kuo, Ching-Hung, and 郭經弘. "3D Filtering for Brain Potential Mapping on the Realistic Head Model." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95106494858964474400.

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碩士
國立交通大學
電機與控制工程學系
86
The purpose of this research is to investigate the feasibility of applyingthe three-dimensional(3D) filtering technique to manipulating the brain potential distribution on a realistic head model; based on a limited number ofEEG( electroencephalograph) recording electrodes. In previous study, the 3D filtering method based on a spherical model was shown to have the performancecomparable to that of the 4NN(four-nearest- neighbor) and the spherical splinesmethods. In this thesis, we first utilize the spherical model to analyze the effect of the number of recording electrodes and the sampling resolution of the 3D space on the interpolated brain potential mapping. The three methods areemployed for comparison. Then the 3D filtering and the 4NN methods are appliedto the realistic head model. The performance of different methods is evaluatedin two ways: 1) the deviation between the interpolated and the actual potentialmappings, and 2)the deviation between the re-localized and the actual dipolesource.
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Lin, Hueng-Pei, and 林宏沛. "Facial Model Fitting and Expression Animation for Realistic Talking Head Application." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42456364736954171130.

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Анотація:
碩士
大同大學
資訊工程研究所
90
To build the 3D-models of human faces and to animate the facial expressions realistically are difficult tasks in computer graphic, particularly when they are done manually. To reduce the laborious works, we propose a photo-based 3D facial model fitting technique and a parametric muscle model to automate the model construction process and to animate the rich facial expressions of human being realistically. A parametric muscle-model was adopt for facial animation. This approach inserts contractile muscles at anatomically correct positions within a facial model to mimic the skin deformation of human face. By controlling the parameters of these muscles, some typical facial expressions such as happiness, anger, sadness, and surprise can be synthesized in advance. Accordingly, the miscellaneous facial expressions can be generated by linear or convex combinations the parameters of the typical facial expressions. The facial model fitting process discussed in the thesis is based on the direct linear transformation (DLT). In this approach, multiple cameras are used to capture face images of individuals. By properly identifying the corresponded facial feature points in these 2D images, their positions in the object space can be measured, i.e., computed based on DLT. To achieve high-precision measurement of feature points, lens distortions are taken into account in calibration of multiple cameras. After certain feature points located at the face silhouette are measured, a volumetric scattered data interpolation algorithm is applied to deform a generic face mesh to fit the individual facial geometry. In addition, it also moves automatically original muscles attached on the generic mesh to the fitted face mesh. This will save a great deal of laborious works for an animator to build the mesh and to attach the muscles manually. To realistically represent an individual’s face, texture mapping is also an important task. In the thesis, we also propose a simple texture mapping technique to extract the texture information from the captured images of the participation cameras. The texture map for each individual, as a result, will have the same texture index while with different texture image. The texture image, in turn, is built by blending from the view-dependent texture image for participant cameras. This will greatly reduce the algorithmic complexity in recomputing the texture indices for different individuals. Some experimental results will be demonstrated in the thesis to confirm the feasibility and the efficiency of our approach.
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Au, Young Simon Man Wai. "Functional brain mapping by high resolution electroencephalography with deblurring and realistic 3-D head models." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10519.

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This thesis discusses the application of high resolution electroencephalography (HREEG) in human functional brain mapping. Clinically, mapping of brain function is important for epilepsy surgery. Routine electroencephalography (EEG) has been an important assessment tool for epileptic events and abnormal brain activity, whereas electrocorticography (ECoG) is the definitive clinical mapping tool to localize the epileptic focus. HR-EEG, with Deblurring™ and realistic head models, is a non-invasive method, and it may be able to provide more information during the pre-surgical evaluation than routine EEG. Deblurring™ is a signal enhancement technique to correct blur distortion of the scalp-recorded EEG signals. Realistic head models are constructed from subjects' high resolution anatomic 3-D MRIs. This thesis examines the clinical potentials, benefits, and the validity of this method through a series of mapping studies on adult volunteers and two pediatric patients. The results of the visual evoked potential (VEP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study on adult volunteers showed that the deblurred results localized the brain region involved better than the scalp data. The deblurred topography did not match with the fMRI data in some subjects, which may be explained by the difference between surface mapping and 3-D activity mapping, and the volume conduction properties of EEG signals. The results of the SEP study on a adult volunteer showed that Deblurring™ improved the SEP peaks to become more focal and less variable than routine EEG or scalp HR-EEG. Patient studies allowed direct comparison of the deblurred results with the ECoG results. There was concordance between the deblurred and ECoG results in both SEP and seizure onset mapping. The present HR-EEG with Deblurring™ technique has its shortcomings and limitations such that it is premature to conclude on the validity of Deblurring™ based on a small sample of subjects. However, the improvement of spatial resolution of the EEG data by higher density of electrodes and Deblurring™, plus the co-registration of the functional data on a realistic head model, may be able to provide extra information for placement of subdural grid before ECoG recording than clinical EEG data alone.
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Gentilal, Nichal. "Heating of head tissues during TTFields therapy: a computational study." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/35668.

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Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica e Biofísica (Radiações em Diagnóstico e Terapia) Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2018
Glioblastoma Multiforme(GBM) is one of the deadliest brain diseases that is characterized by a rapid progression and a short survival time. The expected life time is only 15 months with optimal treatment and the current standard of care includes one technique that was first reported 15 years ago, named Tumour Treating Fields(TTFields).This non-invasive approach relies on injecting an alternate current in electrodes placed on the scalp with an optimal frequency of 200 kHz to produce an electric field with a minimal therapeutic intensity of 1V/cm at the tumour site. A field with these properties was shown in in-vitro studies to have an anti-mitotic effect capable of reducing the growth rate of the tumoural cells. This led to the creation of what is now a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved device named Optune®. These fields are applied injecting an alternating current with 900 mA amplitude per array in two perpendicular directions alternately (Left-Right and Anterior-Posterior), with a switching time of one second. Additionally, clinical trials showed that a daily usage of at least 18 hours can significantly enhance treatment outcomes. Apart from skin dermatitis underneath the regions where the electrodes are placed, there are no other major changes reported in the literature that can be considered as side-effects of this technique. However, it is a known fact that biological tissues heating occurs due to the Joule effect. This problem is addressed by shutting down the fields in both directions when a transducer reaches 41ºC which consequently leads to GBM not being treated at all. The aim of this project is to study this on/off process and evaluate the thermal damage to the healthy tissues while, at the same time, suggesting ways to improve how Optune® works. To accomplish these goals, a realistic head model already built by our research group based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data,was used. This model consists of six different biological tissues (scalp, skull, Cerebro Spinal Fluid(CSF), grey matter, white matter and eyeballs), the transducers arrays that mimic Optune® and a virtual lesion that intends to represent a GBM. The computational studies were done using COMSOL Multiphysics after performing validation tests to ensure the reliability of its results. This software uses the finite element method to calculate the electric potential and the temperature within each tissue as a function of space and time. The results obtained show that due to the thermal constraints and under normal conditions, Optune® is only being used to treat the tumour around one-third of the time(6hours).However, we show that it is possible to increase this time if the room temperature is lowered,if the injected current is controlled at the transducer level instead of at the array level and if just the array that has the electrode that reaches 41ºC is shut down instead of both arrays. Additionally, considering a hypothetical situation where Optune® works with half the injected current in each transducer but with both configurations applied simultaneously instead of alternately, we concluded that the device is more time on and might be a good alternative to enhance treatment outcomes. All the simulations surpassed the thresholds defined by the international agencies for the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values for a MRI diagnostic, which was expected considering that the time that the electric fields are applied should be maximized to treat this disease. Additionally, thermal damage evaluated using the Cumulative number of Equivalent Minutes at 43ºC (CEM 43ºC) showed that only minor and acute changes are expected at the skin level, while the thresholds for the skull, CSF and the eyeballs were not reached for one treatment day. For the brain, some changes such as increased Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability, a variation of the cerebral blood flow and an alteration of the Gamma-AminoButyric Acid(GABA),glycine and glutamate concentrations may occur. The conclusions here drawn consider that the metrics chosen can be used in TTFields without any major change to the thresholds from which they were developed for. Although this might not be completely true,the main points here achieved should be seen as a principle of proof that Joule heating inTTFields can be harmful and lead to some changes,especially in the brain, that may lower the quality of life of GBM patients. One important question that remains to be answered is if these results proved to be true, can the benefits of this technique really compensate the side-effects considering the low survival rate? To increase the validaty of these results this data should be compared with what is seen in clinical trials. We hope that these conclusions can be helpful to improve this technique and to increase the awareness of the thermal damage during TTFields therapy.
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Книги з теми "Realistic head model"

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Wilson, Shaun. Living Wages and the Welfare State. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447341185.001.0001.

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Living Wages and the Welfare State documents and analyses a key transition now underway in the Anglo-American social model. Although minimum wages are increasing across the world, recent mobilisations for living wages represents a major challenge to the policy consensus of the Anglo-American model in place now for several decades. That consensus promoted adjustments to globalisation and technology by promoting a lean workfare model, maximising dependence on deregulated private labour markets held in place by low minimum wage floors. Growing problems with poor employment quality and low pay, combined with mean and over-policed systems of social protection, have created new pressures on institutions governing the social aspects of employment. Worker activism and a broad net of progressive policymakers have been energised by the broad popular appeal popularity of living wage claims. These reforms have been bolstered by a new political economy of labour markets casting doubt on over-confident claims of inevitable job losses from wage justice for low wage workers. At the same time, major pressure on social protection systems transformed by workfare and mean benefits have forced justice claims into the sphere of low-wage employment. In defending the value of higher and universal minimum wage floors, this book is wary of the limits of minimum wage reforms and explores how the liberal model might be realistically converted into a living wage welfare state. The author argues that living wages represents a realistic and popular platform for beginning a long struggle against rising inequality and disrespect for workers.
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Renker, Elizabeth. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808787.003.0001.

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The terms “poetry” and “realism” have a complex and mostly oppositional relationship in American literary histories of the postbellum period. The core narrative holds that “realism,” the major literary “movement” of the era, developed apace in prose fiction, while poetry, stuck in a hopelessly idealist late-romantic mode, languished and stagnated. Poetry is thus almost entirely absent from scholarship on American literary realism except as the emblem of realism’s opposite: a desiccated genteel “twilight of the poets.” The typical tale held that, while poetry sputtered into decline, William Dean Howells, Henry James, and Mark Twain towered over literary culture as “major realists,” with 1885 standing as the ...
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Xue, Yongkang, Yaoming Ma, and Qian Li. Land–Climate Interaction Over the Tibetan Plateau. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.592.

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The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the largest and highest plateau on Earth. Due to its elevation, it receives much more downward shortwave radiation than other areas, which results in very strong diurnal and seasonal changes of the surface energy components and other meteorological variables, such as surface temperature and the convective atmospheric boundary layer. With such unique land process conditions on a distinct geomorphic unit, the TP has been identified as having the strongest land/atmosphere interactions in the mid-latitudes.Three major TP land/atmosphere interaction issues are presented in this article: (1) Scientists have long been aware of the role of the TP in atmospheric circulation. The view that the TP’s thermal and dynamic forcing drives the Asian monsoon has been prevalent in the literature for decades. In addition to the TP’s topographic effect, diagnostic and modeling studies have shown that the TP provides a huge, elevated heat source to the middle troposphere, and that the sensible heat pump plays a major role in the regional climate and in the formation of the Asian monsoon. Recent modeling studies, however, suggest that the south and west slopes of the Himalayas produce a strong monsoon by insulating warm and moist tropical air from the cold and dry extratropics, so the TP heat source cannot be considered as a factor for driving the Indian monsoon. The climate models’ shortcomings have been speculated to cause the discrepancies/controversies in the modeling results in this aspect. (2) The TP snow cover and Asian monsoon relationship is considered as another hot topic in TP land/atmosphere interaction studies and was proposed as early as 1884. Using ground measurements and remote sensing data available since the 1970s, a number of studies have confirmed the empirical relationship between TP snow cover and the Asian monsoon, albeit sometimes with different signs. Sensitivity studies using numerical modeling have also demonstrated the effects of snow on the monsoon but were normally tested with specified extreme snow cover conditions. There are also controversies regarding the possible mechanisms through which snow affects the monsoon. Currently, snow is no longer a factor in the statistic prediction model for the Indian monsoon prediction in the Indian Meteorological Department. These controversial issues indicate the necessity of having measurements that are more comprehensive over the TP to better understand the nature of the TP land/atmosphere interactions and evaluate the model-produced results. (3) The TP is one of the major areas in China greatly affected by land degradation due to both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Preliminary modeling studies have been conducted to assess its possible impact on climate and regional hydrology. Assessments using global and regional models with more realistic TP land degradation data are imperative.Due to high elevation and harsh climate conditions, measurements over the TP used to be sparse. Fortunately, since the 1990s, state-of-the-art observational long-term station networks in the TP and neighboring regions have been established. Four large field experiments since 1996, among many observational activities, are presented in this article. These experiments should greatly help further research on TP land/atmosphere interactions.
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Wilson, Alastair. The Nature of Contingency. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846215.001.0001.

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Contingency is everywhere, but what is it? This book defends a radical new theory of contingency as a physical phenomenon. Drawing on the many-worlds approach to quantum theory and on cutting-edge metaphysics and philosophy of science, it argues that quantum theories are best understood as telling us about the space of genuine possibilities rather than as telling us solely about actuality. When quantum physics is taken seriously in the way first proposed by Hugh Everett III, it provides the resources for a new systematic metaphysical framework encompassing possibility, necessity, actuality, chance, counterfactuals, and a host of related modal notions. The framework is a modal realist one, in the tradition of David Lewis: all genuine possibilities are on a par, and the actual world is simply the one that we ourselves inhabit. It departs from Lewisian modal realism in that quantum possible worlds are not philosophical posits but scientific discoveries. Contingency and other modal notions have often been seen as beyond the limits of science. Rationalist metaphysicians argue that the metaphysics of modality is strictly prior to any scientific investigation: metaphysics establishes which worlds are possible, and physics merely checks which of these worlds is actual. Naturalistic metaphysicians respond that science may discover new possibilities and new impossibilities. This book’s quantum theory of contingency takes naturalistic metaphysics one step further, allowing that science may discover what it is to be possible. As electromagnetism revealed the nature of light, as acoustics revealed the nature of sound, as statistical mechanics revealed the nature of heat, so quantum physics reveals the nature of contingency.
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Частини книг з теми "Realistic head model"

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Liu, Yong-Jin, Matthew Ming-Fai Yuen, and Shan Xiong. "A Feature-Based Deformable Model for Photo-Realistic Head Modelling." In Deformable Avatars, 35–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-47002-8_4.

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Bashar, Md Rezaul, Yan Li, and Peng Wen. "EEG Analysis on Skull Conductivity Perturbations Using Realistic Head Model." In Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology, 208–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02962-2_26.

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Tepley, Norman, Bradley J. Roth, and Ranjith S. Wijesinghe. "Modeling of Spreading Cortical Depression Using a Realistic Head Model." In Biomag 96, 361–64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1260-7_88.

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Tse, Kwong Ming, Long Bin Tan, Shu Jin Lee, Siak Piang Lim, and Heow Pueh Lee. "A Realistic Subject-Specific Finite Element Model of Human Head-Development and Experimental Validation." In IFMBE Proceedings, 307–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02913-9_78.

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Ortega-Quijano, N., F. Fanjul-Vélez, I. Salas-García, and J. L. Arce-Diego. "Numerical Modeling of Optical Radiation Propagation in a Realistic Model of Adult Human Head." In IFMBE Proceedings, 1679–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00846-2_414.

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Makarov, Sergey N., Jyrki Ahveninen, Matti Hämäläinen, Yoshio Okada, Gregory M. Noetscher, and Aapo Nummenmaa. "Multiscale Modeling of EEG/MEG Response of a Compact Cluster of Tightly Spaced Pyramidal Neocortical Neurons." In Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020, 195–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45623-8_11.

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AbstractIn this study, the boundary element fast multipole method or BEM-FMM is applied to model compact clusters of tightly spaced pyramidal neocortical neurons firing simultaneously and coupled with a high-resolution macroscopic head model. The algorithm is capable of processing a very large number of surface-based unknowns along with a virtually unlimited number of elementary microscopic current dipole sources distributed within the neuronal arbor.The realistic cluster size may be as large as 10,000 individual neurons, while the overall computation times do not exceed several minutes on a standard server. Using this approach, we attempt to establish how well the conventional lumped-dipole model used in electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG) analysis approximates a compact cluster of realistic neurons situated either in a gyrus (EEG response dominance) or in a sulcus (MEG response dominance).
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Fournier, Marc, Mahdi Mahmoudzadeh, Kamran Kazemi, Guy Kongolo, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Reinhard Grebe, and Fabrice Wallois. "Realistic Head Model Design and 3D Brain Imaging of NIRS Signals Using Audio Stimuli on Preterm Neonates for Intra-Ventricular Hemorrhage Diagnosis." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2012, 172–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33454-2_22.

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Gentilal, Nichal, Ariel Naveh, Tal Marciano, Zeev Bomzon, Yevgeniy Telepinsky, Yoram Wasserman, and Pedro Cavaleiro Miranda. "The Impact of Scalp’s Temperature in the Predicted LMiPD in the Tumor During TTFields Treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme." In Brain and Human Body Modelling 2021, 3–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15451-5_1.

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AbstractTumor Treating Fields (TTFields) is a cancer treatment technique used for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It consists in the application of an electric field (EF) in two perpendicular directions alternately by placing transducer arrays on the patient’s scalp. In-vitro studies showed that the higher the electric field in the tumor, the better are the outcomes of the therapy. Therefore, these arrays are strategically placed in positions that can optimize the EF, based on the results of computational simulations. However, due to the required daily usage of this technique, at least 18 hours per day, the temperature of head tissues increases inevitably. To ensure patient’s safety, the temperature of the scalp is monitored and kept around 39.5 °C by changing the injected current, which consequently changes the EF in the tumor. In this work, we studied the impact that accounting for the temperature of the scalp might have in the choice of which layout should be used during TTFields planning. We used both a simplified and a realistic head model in our studies. We solved Laplace’s equation for the electric potential and Pennes’ equation for the temperature distribution using COMSOL Multiphysics. The electric field in the tumor was evaluated using the local minimum power density (LMiPD) both when the temperature of the scalp was considered in treatment planning and when it was not. We concluded that the values of the LMiPD significantly decrease when the temperature is considered. Furthermore, layouts in which two pairs of different arrays are very close to each other lead to the appearance of a common temperature hotspot, and consequently to the most significant variations in the predicted LMiPD values. In future, TTFields treatment planning studies, considering the temperature of the scalp might be beneficial to improve the predictions of treatment effectiveness.
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Gentilal, Nichal, Ricardo Salvador, and Pedro Cavaleiro Miranda. "A Thermal Study of Tumor-Treating Fields for Glioblastoma Therapy." In Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020, 37–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45623-8_3.

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AbstractTumor-treating fields (TTFields) is an antimitotic cancer treatment technique used for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Although the frequency used is not as high as in hyperthermia, temperature increases due to the Joule effect might be meaningful given the necessary time that these fields should be applied for. Post hoc analysis of the EF-11 clinical trial showed higher median overall survival in patients whose compliance was at least 18 h per day. To quantify these temperature increases and predict the thermal impact of TTFields delivery to the head, we used a realistic model created from MR images segmented in five tissues: scalp, skull, CSF, gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM). Through COMSOL Multiphysics, we solved Laplace’s equation for the electric field and Pennes’ equation for the temperature distribution. To mimic the therapy as realistically as possible, we also considered complete current shutdown whenever any transducer reached 41 °C to allow transducers and tissues’ temperature to decrease. Our results indicate an intermittent operation of Optune due to this necessary current shutdown. Localized temperature increases were seen, especially underneath the regions where the transducers were placed. Maximum temperature values were around 41.5 °C on the scalp and 38 °C on the brain. According to the literature, significant thermal impact is only predicted for the brain where the rise in temperature may lead to an increased BBB permeability and variation in the blood flow and neurotransmitter concentration. Additionally, our results showed that if the injected current is reduced by around 25% compared to Optune’s standard way of operating, then uninterrupted treatment might be attainable. These predictions might be used to improve TTFields delivery in real patients and to increase awareness regarding possible thermal effects not yet reported elsewhere.
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Vaul, John, Peter Excell, and Peter Olley. "Numerical Realization of Realistic Head and Hand Models for Mobile Telephone Safety Verification." In Digital Content Creation, 332–42. London: Springer London, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0293-9_22.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Realistic head model"

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Gombarska, Daniela, Zuzana Psenakova, and Andrea Gajdosova. "Numerical Model of Realistic Human Head Phantom." In 2022 23rd International Conference on Computational Problems of Electrical Engineering (CPEE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpee56060.2022.9919415.

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Duru, A. D., and A. Ademoglu. "Realistic head model preparation for EEG forward problem." In 4th IET International Conference on Advances in Medical, Signal and Information Processing (MEDSIP 2008). IEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20080470.

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Arayeshnia, Amir, Asghar Keshtkar, and Shervin Amiri. "Realistic human head voxel model for brain microwave imaging." In 2017 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iraniancee.2017.7985315.

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Siwei Bai, C. Loo, and S. Dokos. "Electroconvulsive therapy simulations using an anatomically-realistic head model." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6091399.

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Rokunuzzaman, Md, Asif Ahmed, Thomas Baum, and Wayne S. T. Rowe. "UWB Power Penetration Inside a Realistic Human Head Model." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Asia (ICCE-Asia). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce-asia46551.2019.8941606.

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Shuo Yang, Guizhi Xu, Lei Wang, Yong Chen, Huanli Wu, Ying Li, and Qingxin Yang. "3D realistic head model simulation based on transcranial magnetic stimulation." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260877.

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Emir, U. E., A. Deniz Duru, A. Ademoglu, and A. Akin. "Coregistration of fNIRS Data on to the Realistic Head Model." In 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1617152.

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Manoli, Z., N. Grossman, and T. Samaras. "Theoretical investigation of transcranial alternating current stimulation using realistic head model." In 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346882.

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Dong, Guoya, Richard Bayford, Hesheng Liu, Ying Zhou, and Weili Yan. "EIT Images with Improved Spatial Resolution Using a Realistic Head Model." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.259794.

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Dong, Guoya, Richard Bayford, Hesheng Liu, Ying Zhou, and Weili Yan. "EIT Images with Improved Spatial Resolution Using a Realistic Head Model." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4397606.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Realistic head model"

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Warrick, Arthur, Uri Shani, Dani Or, and Muluneh Yitayew. In situ Evaluation of Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties Using Subsurface Points. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7570566.bard.

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The primary information for accurately predicting water and solute movement and their impact on water quality is the characterization of soil hydraulic properties. This project was designed to develop methods for rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties of the soil. Particularly, in situ methodology is put forth, based on subsurface point sources. Devices were designed to allow introduction of water in subsurface settings at constant negative heads. The ability to operate at a negative head allows a direct method of finding unsaturated soil properties and a mechanism for eliminating extremely rapid preferential flow from the slow matrix flow. The project included field, laboratory and modeling components. By coupling the measurements and the modeling together, a wider range of designs can be examined, while at the same time realistic performance is assured. The developed methodology greatly expands the possibilities for evaluating hydraulic properties in place, especially for measurements in undisturbed soil within plant rooting zones. The objectives of the project were (i) To develop methods for obtaining rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties in situ, based on water distribution from subsurface point sources. These can be operated with a constant flow or at a constant head; (ii) To develop methods for distinguishing between matrix and preferential flow using cavities/permeameters under tension; (iii) To evaluate auxiliary measurements such as soil water content or tensions near the operating cavities to improve reliability of results; and (iv: To develop numerical and analytical models for obtaining soil hydraulic properties based on measurements from buried-cavity sources and the auxiliary measurements. The project began in July 1995 and was terminated in November 1998. All of the objectives were pursued. Three new subsurface point sources were designed and tested and two old types were also used. Two of the three new designs used a nylon cloth membrane (30 mm) arranged in a cylindrical geometry and operating at a negative water pressure (tension). A separate bladder arrangement allowed inflation under a positive pressure to maintain contact between the membrane and the soil cavity. The third new design used porous stainless steel (0.5 and 5 mm) arranged in six segments, each with its own water inlet, assembled to form a cylindrical supply surface when inflated in a borehole. The "old" types included an "off-the-shelf" porous cup as well as measurements from a subsurface drip emitter in a small subsurface cavity. Reasonable measurements were made with all systems. Sustained use of the cloth membrane devices were difficult because of leaks and plugging problems. All of the devices require careful consideration to assure contact with the soil system. Steady flow was established which simplified the analysis (except for the drip emitter which used a transient analysis).
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Volunteer Kinematics and Reaction in Lateral Emergency Maneuver Tests. SAE International, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-22-0013.

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It is important to understand human kinematics and muscle activation patterns in emergency maneuvers for the design of safety systems and for the further development of human models. The objective of this study was to quantify kinematic behavior and muscle activation in simulated steering tests in several realistic conditions. In total 108 tests were performed with 10 volunteers undergoing purely lateral maneuvers at 5 m/s2 deceleration or simulated lane change maneuvers at 5 m/s2 peak acceleration and peak yaw velocity of 25 °/s. Test subjects were seated on a rigid seat and restrained by a 4-point belt with retractor. Driver subjects were instructed to be relaxed or braced and to hold the steering wheel while passenger subjects were instructed to put their hands on their thighs. Subjects were instrumented with photo markers that were tracked with 3D high-speed stereo cameras and with electromyography (EMG) electrodes on 8 muscles. Corridors of head displacement, pitch and roll and displacement of T1, shoulder, elbow, hand and knee were created representing mean response and standard deviation of all subjects. In lane change tests for the passenger configuration significant differences were observed in mean peak of head left lateral displacement between the relaxed and the braced volunteers, i.e. 171 mm (σ=58, n=21) versus 121 mm (σ=46, n=17), respectively. Sitting in a relaxed position led to significantly lower muscle activity of the neck muscles. It was concluded that significantly more upper body motion and lower muscle activity was observed for relaxed subjects than for braced subjects.
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