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Книги з теми "Realisim"

Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Realisim.

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Enrico, Crispolti, and Logge di Palazzo Pretorio (Volterra, Italy), eds. Realismo neoumano =: Neohuman realism. Milano: Mazzotta, 1986.

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2

Methodical realism: A handbook for beginning realists. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Presss, 2011.

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3

Sarje, Kimmo. Realismi ja utopiat: Yhteiskunnallinen realismi Suomen 1970-luvun kuvataiteessa : Harkonmäki-kokoelma = Realism and utopias : social realism in 1970s Finnish art : Harkonmäki collection. Helsinki: Harkonmäki Oy, 1991.

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4

Dobrović, Petar. Građanski realizam Petra Dobrovića: The realism of Petar Dobrović. Beograd: Muzej savremene umetnosti, 2005.

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5

D'Anna, Giuseppe. Realismi: Nicolai Hartmann "al di là" di realismo e idealismo. Brescia: Morcelliana, 2013.

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6

Mayorga, Rosa Maria Perez-Teran. From realism to "realicism": The metaphysics of Charles Sanders Peirce. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2009.

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7

Realism versus realism. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002.

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8

Guzzardella, Achille. Achille Guzzardella: Uno sguardo di gentile realismo = a look of gentle realism. Milano: E.L.S.A., 1998.

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9

David, Mares Edwin, ed. Realism and anti-realism. Stocksfield: Acumen, 2007.

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10

Flores, Juan Carlos. Magic and realism: Central American contemporary art = Magia y realismo : arte contemporáneo centroamericano. [Tegucigalpa]: Galeria Trio's, 1992.

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11

Righteous realists: Political realism, responsible power, and American culture in the nuclear age. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991.

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12

Mandel, Tom. Realism. Providence: Burning Deck, 1991.

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13

Company, Melbourne Theatre, ed. Realism. Strawberry Hills, NSW: Currency Press in association with Melbourne Theatre Company, 2009.

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14

Realism. London: Methuen Drama, 2011.

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15

Realism. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1990.

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16

Realism. London: Taylor & Francis Inc, 2003.

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17

Poppy, Jill. Realism. London: Film Education, 1990.

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18

Galloway, Paul. Realism. Strawberry Hills, NSW: Currency Press in association with Melbourne Theatre Company, 2009.

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19

Reichwein, Alexander, and Felix Rösch, eds. Realism. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58455-9.

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20

Gunderson, Jessica Sarah. Realism. Mankato, MN: Creative Education, 2008.

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21

Realism. London: Routledge, 2003.

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22

Realism. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1987.

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23

Malpas, James. Realism. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997.

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24

R, Furst Lilian, ed. Realism. London: Longman, 1992.

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25

Cumpa, Javier, and Erwin Tegtmeier, eds. Phenomenological Realism Versus Scientific Realism. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110326062.

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26

Krešimir, Tadić, ed. Realizmi dvadesetih godina magično klasično objektivno u hrvatskom slikarstvu: Magični realizam, neoklasicizam, nova realnost, objektivna realnost, kritički realizam. Zagreb: Institut za povijest umjetnosti, 1997.

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27

Peter, McCormick, ed. Starmaking: Realism, anti-realism, and irrealism. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1996.

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28

International Realisim. Antique Collectors' Club, 2020.

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29

Gert, Joshua. A Realistic Color Realism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785910.003.0004.

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This chapter draws a distinction between rough and precise colors. Rough colors are picked out by such basic color terms as “red,” “blue,” “pink,” “gray,” and so on. Precise colors, on the other hand, correspond to precise locations in standard color spaces. There is a natural temptation to suppose that the prospects for a realism about precise colors are inseparably yoked to the prospects of a realism about rough colors. But despite the tempting simplicity of this view, the chapter argues that the most realistic version of color realism would hold that only rough colors can ever truly be predicated of objects. Precise color vocabulary, on the other hand, is appropriate only for descriptions of experiences.

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30

Okasha, Samir. 4. Realism and anti‐realism. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780192802835.003.0004.

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‘Realism and anti-realism’ is concerned with the debate between scientific realism and its converse, anti-realism or instrumentalism. Realists hold that the aim of science is to provide a true description of the world. Anti-realists hold that it is to provide a true description of the ‘observable’ part of the world. The ‘no miracles’ argument, one of the strongest arguments for scientific realism, is shown to be a plausibility argument — an inference to the best explanation. Central to the debate between realism and anti-realism is the observable/unobservable distinction and the views of realist Grover Maxwell and anti-realist Bas van Fraassen are described. The underdetermination argument is also explained.

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31

Mäki, Uskali. Realistic Realism about Unrealistic Models. Edited by Don Ross and Harold Kincaid. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195189254.003.0004.

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The special challenge the philosophy of economics must meet is to provide a scientific realist account that is realistic of a discipline that deals with a complex subject matter and operates with highly unrealistic models. Unrealisticness in economic models must not constitute an obstacle to realism about those models. This article gives a selective and somewhat abstract summary of its author's thinking about economics, outlined from two perspectives: first historical and autobiographical, then systematic and comparative. The first angle helps understand motives and trajectories of ideas against their backgrounds in intellectual history. The story of this article turns out to have both unique and generalizable aspects. The second approach outlines some of the key concepts and arguments as well as their interrelations in this chapter's philosophy of economics, with occasional comparisons to other views. More space is devoted to this second perspective than to the first.

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32

Priel, Dan. The Return of Legal Realism. Edited by Markus D. Dubber and Christopher Tomlins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794356.013.25.

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This chapter considers what might be called the ‘realist puzzle’: How can scholars who otherwise agree on very little all see themselves as legal realists? It suggests four possible explanations, not mutually exclusive: (a) that the Realists’ ideas were banal and obvious; (b) that they identified something fundamental that—despite all other differences—all contemporary legal scholars now accept; (c) that different people simply identified in the realists whatever they had already believed; and finally (d) that the Realists were less consistent than people commonly assume. Although there is little direct discussion of the realist puzzle in writings on legal realism, it is a useful framework for considering some current trends in scholarship on legal realism, in a way that helps put some recent discussions in a new light.

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33

Forst, Rainer. Realisms in International Political Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798873.003.0010.

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This chapter explores the concept of realism in political science. It examines challenges and critiques against realism in this field, particularly when compared to its opposite—moralism. The chapter goes on to illustrate the unrealistic nature of certain realisms applied to political science, by citing three examples: the “realistic utopian” theory, immanence to practice, and a realism driven by a Nietzschean critique of morality and insisting on the categorical difference between morality and politics. The realisms of these examples are then rejected, paving the way for a discussion into the principle of justification. Finally, the chapter elaborates on two components for critical realism with regard to justice and democracy in transnational contexts: normative and empirical.

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34

Goodhart, Michael. Getting Real? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190692421.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 engages with realist political theory throughcritical dialogues with leading realist theorists. It argues that realist political theories are much more susceptible to conservatism, distortion, and idealization than their proponents typically acknowledge. Realism is often not very realistic either in its descriptions of the world or in its political analysis. While realism enables the critical analysis of political norms (the analysis of power and unmasking of ideology), it cannot support substantive normative critique of existing social relations or enable prescriptive theorizing. These two types of critique must be integrated into a single theoretical framework to facilitate emancipatory social transformation.

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35

Lewis, Hannah. Source Music and Cinematic Realism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190635978.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 focuses on the role of diegetic music in early poetic realist films. Poetic realism, the filmmaking genre that emerged out of the politics of the mid-1930s, had its roots in transition-era films by filmmakers such as Jean Grémillon, Julien Duvivier, Jacques Feyder, and perhaps most notably, Jean Renoir. The soundtracks of these filmmakers tended to favor a “realistic” incorporation of music into the narrative, an aesthetic decision grounded in a broader preference for direct recording, and frequently featured popular songs and street musicians to enhance the realism of a film’s setting. But diegetic music in early poetic realist films was multivalent, revealing the emotions or thoughts of characters, providing narrative commentary, and at times going against the expectations of a scene’s mood or actions. Considering diegetic music in early poetic realist sound films shows the ways in which audiovisual realism and stylization worked hand in hand.

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36

Oliver, Jütersonke. Part II Approaches, Ch.16 Realist Approaches to International Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198701958.003.0017.

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This chapter outlines some of the linkages between a genuinely legal realist approach to (international) law and jurisprudence, and the claims of political realists about the role and status of law in the international sphere. It explores realism as an argumentative strategy, in considering what an argumentative structure would look like in international legal thought. The second part of the chapter then examines the intellectual heritage of what has explicitly been labelled ‘legal realism’, in both its American and Scandinavian versions, in order to find a place for a legal realist position within the canon of legal theory. Finally, the chapter seeks to relate the views of political realism about international law to the ways in which international lawyers themselves have sought to include an external position about the reality of international law into their own theories and doctrines.

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37

Realistic Image's In Writing: Ideas of photographic realism. Richard Morris, 2012.

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38

Realistic Image's In Writing: Ideas of photographic realism. Richard Morris, 2012.

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39

Smithson, Robert. A New Epistemic Argument for Idealism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746973.003.0002.

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Many idealists have challenged realism on epistemic grounds. The worry is that, if it is possible for truths about ordinary objects to outstrip our experiences in the ways that realists typically suppose, we could never be justified in our beliefs about objects. In response, philosophers have offered a variety of proposals to defend the epistemology of our object judgments under the assumption of realism. This chapter offers a new type of epistemic argument against realism to which these standard responses do not apply. In addition to raising a challenge for realism, the epistemology of object judgments has implications for how the idealist should develop her own positive metaphysical view. The second half of the chapter discusses how the idealist should understand the dependence between objects and our experiences if she is to secure epistemic advantages over the realist.

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40

Kaup, Monika. New Ecological Realisms. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474483094.001.0001.

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What is the singular reality of humanistic objects of study? New Ecological Realism argues that our contemporary moment after the exhaustion of postmodernism presents an unprecedented opportunity to pursue this question. It proposes that the answer is found in a new concept of the real that hinges on, instead of denying, context, organization and form. New Ecological Realism showcases a context-based concept of the real, arguing that new realisms of complex and embedded wholes, actor-networks, and ecologies, rather than old realisms of isolated parts and things, represent the most promising escape from the impasses of constructivism and positivism. To achieve this, this study devotes equal attention to literature and theory. By pairing post-apocalyptic novels by Margaret Atwood, José Saramago, Octavia Butler, and Cormac McCarthy with new realist theories, this study shows that, just as new realist theories can illuminate post-apocalyptic fiction, post-apocalyptic fiction also embeds new theories of the real. Reassessing the recent revival of interest in ontology in contemporary theory, this study brings together four contemporary theories that formulate context-based realisms: Bruno Latour’s actor-network theory; Chilean neurophenomenologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela’s theories of autopoiesis and enactivism; German philosopher Markus Gabriel’s new ontology of fields of sense; French philosopher Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology of givenness and American philosopher Alphonso Lingis’s writings on passionate identification. Their shared emphasis on interconnectedness over individuation has gone unnoticed because these theories have never been considered together before.

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41

Brinkmann, Svend. British Philosophies of Qualitative Research. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190247249.003.0003.

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In this chapter, the British traditions of positivism and realism, which have been important for different strands of qualitative research, are discussed. Positivism is often misunderstood by qualitative researchers and presented as a form of realism, but it is actually an anti-realism that reduces knowledge claims to what we may positively verify in experience. Causality consequently becomes constant conjunction in experience. In contrast to this, realist positions argue that science should go beyond immediate experience to study working mechanisms that generate the phenomena that we in fact experience. Philosophers today disagree about the existence of such mechanisms when it comes to human psychological and social life. Some constructionists argue that there are no causally effective mechanisms in our social life, whereas others, especially critical realists, argue that social science should be all about identifying such mechanisms.

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42

Mayorga, Rosa Maria. From Realism to 'Realicism': The Metaphysics of Charles Sanders Peirce. Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, 2007.

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43

Mayorga, Rosa Maria Perez-Teran. From Realism to Realicism: The Metaphysics of Charles Sanders Peirce. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2007.

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44

From Realism to 'Realicism': The Metaphysics of Charles Sanders Peirce. Lexington Books, 2007.

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45

Chang, Hasok. Realism for Realistic People: A New Pragmatist Philosophy of Science. Cambridge University Press, 2022.

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46

Chang, Hasok. Realism for Realistic People: A New Pragmatist Philosophy of Science. Cambridge University Press, 2022.

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47

Toppinen, Teemu. Non-Naturalism Gone Quasi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823841.003.0002.

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Non-naturalism—roughly the view that normative properties and facts are sui generis—may be combined either with cognitivism (realist non-naturalism) or with non-cognitivism (quasi-realist non-naturalism). The chapter starts by explaining how the metaphysically necessary connections between the natural and the normative raise an explanatory challenge for realist non-naturalism, and how it is not at all obvious that quasi-realism offers a way of escaping the challenge. Having briefly explored different kinds of accounts of what it is to have thoughts concerning metaphysical necessity, it then proceeds to argue that once we understand the explanatory challenge in the light of a quasi-realist take on normative judgments, this challenge takes the shape of a first-order normative issue, and will be answerable by the quasi-realists’ lights. When it comes to explaining the necessary connections between the normative and the natural, all will be fine, it seems, if non-naturalists just go a little quasi.

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48

Landry, Elaine. Structural Realism and Category Mistakes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.003.0018.

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Structural realists have made use of category theory in three ways. The first is as a meta-level formal framework for a structural realist account of the structure of scientific theories, either syntactic or semantic. The second is an appeal to the category-theoretic structure of some successful, successive or fundamental, physical theory to argue that this is the structure we should be physically committed to, either epistemically or ontically. The third is to use category theory as a conceptual tool to argue that it makes conceptual sense to talk of relations without relata and structures without objects. After a brief overview of structural realism, I consider how each appeal to the use of category theory stands up against the aims of the structural realist.

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49

Roger, Forest. How to Draw Realistic Things: How to Draw Realism Book, Learn to Draw Realism, Learn to Draw Realistic Book, Learn to Draw Realism for Adults, 1-2-3 Draw What You See. Independently Published, 2021.

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50

Walt, Stephen M. Realism and Security. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.286.

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Political Realism has been described as the “oldest theory” of international politics, as well as the “dominant” one. Central to the realist tradition is the concept of “security.” Realism sees the insecurity of states as the main problem in international relations. It depicts the international system as a realm where “self-help” is the primary motivation; states must provide security for themselves because no other agency or actor can be counted on to do so. However, realists offer different explanations for why security is scarce, emphasizing a range of underlying mechanisms and causal factors such as man’s innate desire for power; conflicts of interest that arise between states possessing different resource endowments, economic systems, and political orders; and the “ordering principle” of international anarchy. They also propose numerous factors that can intensify or ameliorate the basic security problem, such as polarity, shifts in the overall balance of power, the “offense–defense balance,” and domestic politics. Several alternative approaches to international relations have challenged the basic realist account of the security problem, three of which are democratic peace theory, economic liberalism, and social constructivism. Furthermore, realism outlines various strategies that states can pursue in order to make themselves more secure, such as maximizing power, international alliances, arms racing, socialization and innovation, and institutions and diplomacy. Scholars continue to debate the historical roots, conceptual foundations, and predictive accuracy of realism. New avenues of research cover issues such as civil war, ethnic conflict, mass violence, September 11, and the Iraq War.

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