Дисертації з теми "Realisation of the right"
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1
Nkrumah, Bright. "Mobilising for the realisation of the right to food in South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64629.
Анотація:
The realisation of the right to food in South Africa is characterised by some stark realities. While there is social security structure and large productive agriculture sector ensuring national food security, more than 14 million South Africans are chronically hungry. Given that access to food is an important legal and political issue in South Africa, it is important to understand the various factors, which enable or hinder the state‘s effort to eradicate chronic hunger.
A major problem identified is the incoherence in government‘s policies, which on the one hand, supports the promotion of the right to food, yet, act to undermine it at the same time. This problem can be grouped under two headings. First, inadequate and fragmented food security polices, and poor implementation of these policies. Second, the exclusion of large sections of low-income groups from government‘s social protection programmes, which has negative implications for many women, men, and children who have an insufficient supply of calories. The impact of chronic hunger and malnutrition on these individuals include heightened vulnerability to illness, stunted growth among children, serious mental and physical effects among children, and in some cases death.
This thesis explores the factors that explain the limited mobilisation around the realisation of the right to food in South Africa despite widespread chronic hunger. It considered various strategies to achieve a change in policy and legislation including lobbying and litigation. The thesis further explored why South Africa, which is riddled with numerous social protests rarely experiences food protests. Social protest, as used here, consists of struggles or resistance against government actions or inactions. The thesis identified various factors that have contributed to and acted as a hindrance against food protest in various jurisdictions and examined how these factors have prevented widespread food protest in South Africa.Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Centre for Human Rights
DPhil
Unrestricted
2
Sonkita, Conteh. "Inhibiting 'progressive realisation'? The effect of privatisation on the right to water in Senegal and South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1234.
Анотація:
"Against the preceding background, the phenomenon of privatisation has come to be a particularly important factor with respect to the progressive realisation of the right to water. Privatisation is the process of transferring property from public ownership to private ownership or transferring management of a service or activity from government to the private sector There has been a rapid growth in the privatisation of essential services in many African states, based on the belief that the private sector can deliver growth and efficiency more effectively than the public sector. This supposition has not been borne out by the available evidence. Cote d'Ivorie was the first African state to privatise its water delivery system in 1960. Since then, over 18 major water contracts have been awarded by at least 14 African states, including Senegal and South Africa, to private concernts for the delivery of water. A host of other states are planning to or are already in the process of privatising their water delivery systems. The main impetus behind this spate of sometimes frenzied privatisation, has been the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), who make the privatisation of public services or utilities an unavoidable condition for loans to African states. These two institutions have however, quite recently, come under serious pressure to fundamentally rethink the use of conditionality and have initiated a series of evaluations which are expected to result in some critical conclusions. This study aims to demonstrate through the two case studies of Senegal and South Africa that privatisation of water by African states can affect the process of 'progressive realisation' and may actually result in the violation of the right to water guaranteed under international human rights law. It investigates whether privatisation of water by African states affects the obligation of progressive realisation of the right to water. The choice of Senegal and South Africa is based on the fact that studies on the development and impact of water privatisation in both states have been carried out and futher whilst Senegal is an example of 'privatisation forced by the World Bank', South Africa is not. In addition, both states are parties to international human rights instruments that implicitly or explicitly guarantee the right to water. ... Chapter 2 will discuss the 'right to water' and the obligation of progressive ralisation with regard to the overall promotion and protection of economic, social and cultural rights. It will examine whether such a right actually exists under international human rights law, its nature and extent and the content of the obligation to progressively realise it. Chapter 3 will focus on the process of privatisation, its varous forms and the impetus for such a process. It will also explore arguments in support of, and against, privatisation. Chapter 4 will analyse the impact of privatisation on the obligation to progressively realise the right to water by looking at the situation pre- and post-privatisation. Some concluding remarks will be made in chapter 5." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2006.
Prepared under the supervision of Prof. J. Oloka-Onyango at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
3
Florijančič, Polona. "Addressing the impediments to the realisation of the right to development at the WTO." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15039.
4
Hirano, Miharu. "The Legal Structure of Global Administration for the Realisation of the Human Right to Water." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232434.
5
Ngang, Carol Chi. "The right to development in Africa and the requirement of development cooperation for its realisation." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65704.
Анотація:
In this thesis, I make a conceptual analysis of the right to development in Africa with a focus on the requirement of development cooperation for its realisation. I do so, on the one hand to account for the fact that development is retarded in Africa due to the lack of an operational model and on the other hand, to determine whether and to what extent development cooperation could be seen to function as such a model. As a point of departure, I state the claim that conceptually, development cooperation is opposed to the African conception of the right to development, which guarantees an entitlement to self-determination in making policy alternatives. To justify this claim, I provide a historical overview of the origins of the right to development in Africa. In tracing its origins in this way, I illustrate how the right to development has evolved in Africa not as a solicitation for assistance but as an assertion of self-determination against development injustices perpetuated through various forms of domination, including through development cooperation. I point out that by nature; the right to development in Africa is formulated on the one hand, as a human right concept to ensure that development processes are regulated by the principles of justice and equity and on the other hand, as a development paradigm intended to achieve improved well-being for the peoples of Africa. Pertaining to the central enquiry whether the right to development in Africa is achievable through development cooperation, I argue that the probability is minimal, especially considering the motives behind prevailing patterns of development cooperation, which is inherently lopsided, paternalistic in nature and aims primarily to safeguard the interests of foreign stakeholders. In the alternative to development cooperation, I propose that achieving the right to development entails the fulfilment of three normative requirements: sovereignty in domestic development policy making; the obligation to eliminate obstacles to development; and the need to establish an enabling environment to ensure that the right to development is achieved. Through an in-depth analysis of the range of instruments that establish the right to development dispensation in Africa, I point out that effective implementation remains problematic due on the most part to the dominant influence of foreign stakeholders, which in spite of evidence of violations of the right to development resulting from their actions, remain insulated from legal accountability. I then further examine the dimensions of the right to development as a development paradigm, which I argue is yet to be explored. On this note, I make the argument for a shift in paradigm from development cooperation to a new reading of the right to development as a development model, which I define as the right to development governance. I then highlight its relevance in transforming the development landscape in Africa. In conclusion, I make a number of recommendations on priority measures that need to be taken to advance the right to development governance as a home-grown functional model to drive the process of radical transformation envisaged for Africa.Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Public Law
LLD
Unrestricted
6
Khayundi, Francis Mapati Bulimo. "The effects of climate change on the realisation of the right to adequate food in Kenya." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003190.
Анотація:
This thesis examines the interplay between the effects of climate change and human rights. It seeks to interrogate the contribution of human rights in addressing the effects of climate change on the enjoyment of the right to food in Kenya. Climate change has been recognised as a human rights issue. Despite this acknowledgement, many states are yet to deal with climate change as a growing threat to the realisation of human rights. The situation is made worse by the glacial pace in securing a binding legal agreement to tackle climate change. The thesis also reveals that despite their seemingly disparate and disconnected nature, both the human rights and climate change regimes seek to achieve the same goal albeit in different ways. The thesis argues that a considerable portion of the Kenyan population has not been able to enjoy the right to food as a result of droughts and floods. It adopts the view that, with the effects of climate change being evident, the frequency and magnitude of droughts and floods has increased with far reaching consequences on the right to food. Measures by the Kenyan government to address the food situation have always been knee jerk and inadequate in nature. This is despite the fact that Kenya is a signatory to a number of human rights instruments that deal with the right to food. With the promulgation of a new Constitution with a justiciable right to food, there is a need for the Kenyan government to meet its human rights obligations. This thesis concludes by suggesting ways in which the right to food can be applied in order to address some of the effects of climate change. It argues that by adopting a human rights approach to the right to food, the State will have to adopt measures that take into consideration the impacts of climate change. Furthermore, the State is under an obligation to engage in activities that will not contribute to climate change and negatively affect the right.
7
Ebobrah, Solomon Tamarabrakemi. "Towards effective realisation of the right to a satisfactory environment in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: a case for domestic horizontal application." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1210.
Анотація:
"Although the African Commission recognised that non-state actors (in this case the transnational corporations (TNCs)) contributed to the violations that prompted the SERAC communication, it failed to hold the TNCs accountable for the violations. The Commission rather held the state party responsible [for] failing to prevent the violations in its territory. The reason for the failure of the Commission to hold the non-state actor accountable is obvious. As Anderson has noted, 'conventional jurisprudence contends that human rights are enforceable only against the acts of omissions of the state rather than the acts of private entities'. Consequently, especially in international fora, violations by non-state actors have gone largely unaccoutned for. Hence, commentators have argued in favour of seeking an appropriate regime for holding non-state actors accountable for such violations, some arguing for horizontal application at international fora. However, non-state actors lack the status to allow Charter institutions exercise jurisdiction over them. This leaves the option of domestic systems as fora for their accountability. Thus, the emerging principle of horizontal applicability of human rights in domestic jurisdictions and the assumption of independent judiciaries provide the premises for this study. ... Chapter 1 contains a general overview of the study. In Chapter 2, the essay examines the scope and content of the right to a satisfactory environment as contained in the African Charter. Chapter 3 examines the existing framework for the realisation of the right to a satisfactory environment under the African Charter. The SERAC case is considered briefly in this chapter as an example of the difficulty to arrest non-state actor violations in the existing framework. Chapter 4 presents the case for horizontal application of article 24 of the African Charter at the domestic level as a complimentary approach to realisation of the right. The debate on horizontal applicability of human rights is highlighted to show that it is not yet widely accepted but it is presented as a basis for this option. The recent Nigerian case of Gbemre v SPDC is examined as an example of the possibility of horizontal applicaton of the article 24 right in a domestic tribunal. Chapter 5 summarises the conclusions from the study and makes recommendations in support of applying the African Charter based right horizontally in domestic courts." -- Introduction.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2006.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
LLM
8
Mavedzenge, Justice Alfred. "An analysis of how Zimbabwe’s international legal obligation to achieve the realisation of the right of access to adequate housing, can be enforced in domestic courts as a constitutional right, notwithstanding the absence of a specific constitutional right of every person to have access to adequate housing." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28353.
Анотація:
The Constitution of Zimbabwe of 2013 does not expressly guarantee every person a right to have access to adequate housing. However, the Government of Zimbabwe has an international legal obligation to achieve the progressive realisation of the right to have access to adequate housing by everyone in the country. This obligation is derived from art 11 (1) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Zimbabwe is a dualist state and therefore, this obligation is not directly or automatically enforceable as municipal law in Zimbabwe. It can be enforced in domestic courts only if it has been enacted into legislation or if it is entrenched as a constitutional obligation. The absence of a specific constitutional right, guaranteed for everyone to have access to adequate housing, thus raises the concern that the government may not be held accountable, in the domestic courts, to comply with its international legal obligation to ensure that everyone enjoys access to adequate housing. There is a national housing crisis in Zimbabwe that is characterised by an acute shortage of adequate housing, mass forced evictions and unfair discrimination in the allocation of housing facilities by government. There is therefore an existing need to compel government to comply with and fulfil its international legal obligations relating to the right of every person to have access to adequate housing. In the absence of an explicit constitutional guarantee of such a right, it is necessary to find alternative constitutional rights which citizens and individuals in Zimbabwe can rely on to compel Government to comply with and fulfil its international legal obligations that arise from art 11 (1) of the ICESCR. The Constitution of Zimbabwe expressly guarantees for everyone the following rights; the fundamental freedom from arbitrary evictions, the right to life, the right to equality and the children’s right to shelter. The scope of each of these rights can be interpreted broadly to include some of the duties that ordinarily arise from the right to have access to adequate housing. Therefore, these rights can be applied together to enforce the international legal duty of the state to ensure the progressive realisation of the right to have access to adequate housing by everyone in Zimbabwe.
9
Viljoen, Frans. "Realisation of human rights in Africa through inter-governmental institutions." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27810.
10
Ngui, Samantha Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Freedom to worship: frameworks for the realisation of religious minority rights." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42969.
Анотація:
A comparative study of the development of places of worship in Sydney was conducted primarily through the collection of data from development applications to construct or to use premises as a place of worship over a five year period from 2000-2005. The data indicated that a greater and disproportionately higher number of applications by religious minorities were rejected. The significance of the findings does not lie exclusively in identifying the likelihood of development applications gaining approval. The process of determining development applications and the impacts of the outcome of the process were also important. This is why the content of the objections raised to development applications was analysed. The underlying themes in the opposition to development applications related strongly to citizenship, particularly how the boundaries of local forms of citizenship are negotiated. In establishing places of worship religious groups seek to have their citizenship claims recognised. These citizenship claims include: the right to access, mark and use space (Dunn 2005), equality of citizenship with local residents and with other religious groups, and importantly, the right to freedom of worship. One of the main assertions made in this thesis is that by restricting access to sites that people can worship and by restricting the practice of religion, the right to freedom of worship is compromised. Churches dominate the religious landscape of Sydney. This dominance can be partially attributed to the significant levels of historical assistance from the state with the building of Churches. This included access to land, free labour, support for clergy and income support which assisted in the development of early Churches. The appropriateness of giving this type of assistance is not debated in this thesis. However, the assistance itself is significant for two main reasons. Firstly it is emblematic of the privileged relationship between the Church and the state in Australia, and secondly, it raises questions over the lack of privileges afforded to religious minorities. In responding to the question of whether secularism is likely to assist religious minorities, the establishment of places of worship demonstrates how pluralising the Church state link may be of greater utility to religious minorities than strict forms of secularism. The examination of this issue introduces the importance of an equal relationship between the state and religious groups to equality of citizenship for religious minorities. The extent to which multicultural citizenship can assist religious minorities in realising their right to freedom of worship was critically examined in this thesis. The adequacy of the institutional responses to religious diversity was assessed. This included an examination of local government, courts, the media, heritage programs and the planning profession. The planning process demonstrates how a supposedly neutral or colour-blind approach can generate uneven outcomes, which discriminate against religious minorities. The broader policy and legislative responses to religious diversity were examined in order to identify how deficiencies in the multicultural framework contributed to difficulties for religious minorities establishing places of worship.
11
Suleman, Muhammed. "Cyclists' rights to the city: The realisation of cyclists' rights in the city of Johannesburg." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30041.
Анотація:
This research follows from the announcement of the Johannesburg mayor to stop the development of cycle lanes in the city of Johannesburg. The research is based on the notion that cyclists, like all other road users, have an equal right to the city. Therefore, planning for cyclists in cities should be awarded the same level of importance as planning for other modes of transport. However, having a right to city is, to a large extent, controlled by those who plan and shape the city. For this reason, the research places planning at the centre of the process, and unpacks the role of transport planners in shaping the city as a cycle friendly space. In doing this, the research focuses on the city of Johannesburg, a city which has, between 2007 and 2018, seen the development of 40kms of dedicated cycle lanes. The City decided to stop the development of cycle lanes because the city has not experienced an increase in cycling mode share. The research suggests that it is too early in the project to stop cycling development in Johannesburg. The city needs to relook at what has been done, find the gaps, and improve the programme. The research conducts a case study evaluation. The method focuses on four areas in Johannesburg in which cycle lanes have been constructed. Through an interview process, the research discusses why, transport planners feel cycling has not increased in Johannesburg, despite the interventions by the city in these four areas. The perspective of the transport planners are then compared to a range of articles relating to the development of the cycle lanes in Johannesburg. The research finds that while there is an acknowledgement of the city’s efforts to develop cycle lanes, there is a problem with the planning process. To understand the planning process better, the research discusses six international precedent cities, which have successfully increased cycling mode share. Through unpacking the planning process in these international cities, the research demonstrates the impacts that, the correct planning process can have, in the promotion of cyclists’ rights in cities. The research identifies certain gaps in the Johannesburg planning process. The research highlights a range of strategies which planners need to focus on in Johannesburg. However, at the root of it all, the research finds that cycling development in Johannesburg did not follow any specific cycling plan, while international best practice indicates that this is a major requirement. There is no clear guideline or strategy from the city which planners are following and, therefore, there is no coherent or complete plan for promoting cycling in Johannesburg.
12
Rossouw, Melene Cynthia. "Democracy in action: Public participation and the progressive realisation of socio-economic rights." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6460.
Анотація:
Magister Legum - LLMWhile the Constitutional Court has repeatedly enforced a duty to meaningfully engage with communities where the provision of basic social services and goods is at stake, uncertainty about the form, extent and quality of community engagement continues to negatively impact on development projects. The much publicised "toilet saga" in the Makhaza informal settlement in the Western Cape is a telling example. This problem is partly attributable to a lack of clarity about the legal foundations and basis of this duty. The research project explores such an approach by clarifying the proper legal and constitutional basis of the right to meaningfully participate in development projects and the delivery of basic social goods, and in so-doing, to place public participation in socio-economic rights on a sound legal and constitutional foundation. The project further seeks to develop a framework or best practice for the practical implementation of this right in the context of urban development projects.
13
Rafferty, Benjamin. "Shaky structures on solid foundation : the impact of low-income state-subsidised housing on the realisation of the right to adequate housing in post-apartheid South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21741.
Анотація:
This dissertation examines the impact of state-subsidised housing on the realisation of the right to adequate housing in South Africa. The incremental housing policy adopted in 1994 has its roots in the work of the Urban Foundation and others, who significantly shaped the discussions in the National Housing Forum, where South Africa's first post-apartheid housing policy was formulated. As a result low-income housing policy is centred on the use of capital subsidies allocated towards homeownership. In 1996 the state promulgated the Constitution obligating government to ensure that, inter alia, 'everyone has the right of access to adequate housing'. 'Adequate housing', as per the United Nations Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights, comprises of six core elements: accessibility, affordability, location, availability of services, habitability and security of tenure; which have all been affected in various ways by government's legislative and policy interventions. The delivery of state-subsidised housing has been impressive - with nearly three million completed since 1994. However, there have been significant problems. This paper emphasises four main issues: the poor quality houses that have required rectification and/or rebuilding; an overemphasis on homeownership, above rental tenure; a lack of effective transfer of title deeds; and the informal sale of state-subsidised houses. All of which have negatively impacted on progress towards full realisation of the right of access to adequate housing.
14
Shahid, Ahmed. "For Want of Resources: Reimagining the State's Obligation to Use 'Maximum Available Resources' for the Progressive Realisation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14369.
Анотація:
This thesis provides insights into, additional commentary on and analysis of the fundamental role of resources in advancing Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ESC rights). Its objective is to expand the policy space within which States can operate to fulfil their obligations related to these rights. It addresses a number of central questions about the resource dimension of ESC rights policy, including interpretation of the concept of ‘maximum available resources’ in the context of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). By applying a cross-disciplinary approach, the thesis investigates legal, economic and public policy dimensions of resource mobilisation, allocation and governance that are essential in advancing progressive realisation of ESC rights. This thesis proposes that the obligation to take steps to the ‘maximum available resources’ for the progressive realisation of ESC rights can be made more meaningful by adopting a broader interpretation of the concept of resources and by taking active steps to maximise the quality and quantity of resources available through public sector revenue, international assistance and co-operation and private sector investment, all of which can be enhanced through institutional mechanisms and processes of allocation and governance. This proposition is supported by an in-depth qualitative analysis of relevant ESC rights literature, interpretive works of the ESCR Committee and Special Rapporteurs, periodic reports of States, institutional documents and case studies, which provide evidence on the current understanding and application of the concept of resources in this context. Based on analysis of multiple sources of evidence on State practice, this thesis presents a cross-disciplinary model of the nature, scope and policy dimensions of resources for ESC rights and suggests how concerted State policy efforts can optimise their impact on the realisation of ESC rights.
15
Gonzalez-Pelaez, Ana. "Basic rights in international society : R. J. Vincent's idea of a subsistence approach to the practical realisation of human rights." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433834.
16
Phama, Wandisa. "Public participation as a tool for the realisation of socio-economic rights: the pitfalls of state organised spaces of participation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28150.
Анотація:
This paper seeks to investigate the legal structures and sources which provide for the obligations of the state to facilitate public participation in the realisation of socio-economic rights. The paper further explores the different interpretations of the notion of public participation in an attempt to critique and interrogate which kind of public participation actually allows for communities to meaningfully participate in the processes of the state to realise socio-economic rights. The paper will argue that the effectiveness of the state in facilitating public participation in its affairs depends on the notion of public participation adopted in a particular state. It will further argue that the effectiveness of such participation by communities is dependent on the understanding that meaningful spaces for participation occur through power contestations. Participation may mean very little for the realisation of socio-economic rights if the power of the state over citizens is not challenged and contested in spaces of participation. The paper will argue that for public participation to be meaningful in the realisation of socio-economic rights, it needs to occur in spaces in which the state will not have too much power over citizens to an extent that their participation is just for display. It will further argue that it is how people are perceived by the state and how they perceive themselves as citizens which determines their ability to challenge the state's power in spaces of participation. When communities are treated as citizens because of the rights they have, public participation processes to discuss the provision of basic services are then facilitated with the understanding of how communities can partner with the state with influence and power that is required to take decisions to realise their rights. It is submitted that part of the frustration with the exclusion in spaces where socio-economic rights enforcement decisions are taken is created by how South Africans as citizens are not always treated as rights bearers who can challenge the state. The exclusion of communities from planning for service delivery by the state has become internalised by some communities as part of the rules of the game of governance. Such internalised exclusion is a major contributing factor in the increased frustration with slow service delivery and a government that is unaccountable to the people. The paper will argue that for public participation to be an effective tool in the realisation of socio-economic rights taking into account the theories of power, space and citizenship there is a need for public education on how communities can demand a responsive behaviour from the state beyond protests. There is further need for state officials for example to attend workshops on their obligations to facilitate public participation in planning for the realisation of socio-economic rights when they take office. The paper will further argue that, in order for public participation to be effective in contributing to the realisation of socio-economic rights, Chapter 9 institutions also need to play a more active and visible role in communities and assist to hold the state accountable to facilitate public participation as that is one of the most important factors in the realisation socio-economic rights. The paper will argue that, although public participation is but one tool in the arsenal of tools to facilitate the realisation of socio-economic rights, it is important for many reasons. It is important for the manner in which it creates a space for decisions to be taken in an inclusive manner. The involvement of communities in the decision making processes of the state also legitimises the decisions so taken. Meaningful and inclusive public participation allows for a situation in which various options are put on the table in dialogues between the state and communities so that when a particular outcome is reached it could be what is best for those communities as other perspectives are heard and discussed.
17
Mandipa, Esau. "A critical analysis of the legal and institutional frameworks for the realisation of the rights of persons with disabilities in Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/18613.
Анотація:
The Zimbabwean society views persons with disabilities (PWDs) ‘as useless
liabilities that have no role to play in society.’ The Zimbabwean Government has
also forgotten PWDs since they are not mentioned in all the country’s national
budgets. This has led to uncountable barriers faced by PWDs in their bid to be
included as equal members of the society. Some of the barriers are constant
discrimination, sheer poverty, lack of access to mainstream public services and
stigma. Hundreds to thousands of PWDs beg for alms in the streets of every
town and city. Zimbabwe then has to be reminded that all PWDs have:
a right to enjoy a decent life, as normal and full as possible, a right which lies at the
heart of the right to human dignity. This right should be jealously guarded and forcefully
protected by all states party to the African Charter in accordance with the well
established principle that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and
rights.
Thus, the era of silence when it comes to the realisation of the rights of PWDs in
Zimbabwe has to come to an end. All PWDs in Zimbabwe should know that it is
by right and not by privilege to be guaranteed full and effective participation,
and inclusion in society. It is time for Zimbabwe to embrace all the rights for
PWDs without any hesitation. It is time for humanity to celebrate the inherent
dignity, individual autonomy, independence and the right not to be
discriminated against for all PWDs. Every lawmaker in Zimbabwe has to be reminded to delete from the statute books all laws which view disability as a
medical problem and instead, pass laws which are in line with the human rights-based approach which is a more enlightened, realistic and people-centred
approach to disability. No time to play but plenty of time to work…!Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
nf2012
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
18
Waris, Attiya. "Solving the fiscal crisis : legitimising taxation through realisation of human rights in Kenya : a case study of the Kenyan Constituency Development Fund." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543990.
19
Ogbonna, Hilary Chima. "Growing without poverty: the role of good governance and pro-poor growth in the realisation of socio-economic rights and human development in Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8097.
Анотація:
This research is founded upon three fundamental premises. The first is that good governance is central to human development. The second premise is that the realisation of socio-economic rights is a necessary condition for the attainment of human development. The third premise is that pro-poor growth policies and frameworks are veritable tools through which human
development can be delivered and socio-economic rights realised. The research Focuses on the view that human development should be the end of every growth policy regime and good governance the means to such end. Socio-economic rights on the other hand should serve as indicators to the formulation, implementation and the measurement of such policiesThesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Lilian Chenwi of the Community Law Centre, Faculty of Law, University of the Western Cape
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
20
Emong, Paul. "The realisation of human rights for disabled people in higher education in Uganda : a critical analysis drawing on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6863/.
Анотація:
The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (the CRPD) guarantees disabled people a right to education without discrimination and on the basis of equal opportunities. Uganda is a State Party to the CRPD. This research, examines the extent to which Uganda is realising a right to education for disabled people in higher education as per the UN human rights law obligations. To that effect, the research through an empirical study, analyses how the current Ugandan disability law implements the UN human rights law obligations in higher education, its effects on policy for disabled people and the effects of those policies on the lives of disabled people in higher education. This study reveals that, while Uganda has proliferation of disability legal provisions, their ideals have not yet being adequately translated to the reality of disabled people in the institutions of higher education. This is attributed to: the social-economic factors impinging on the realisation of education as a right, including factors hindering the realisation of disability rights in the country; limited enforcement of the disability legislation generally in the country, and in particular in higher education; and limited awareness about disability discrimination and in turn limited disability mainstreaming in higher education. As a result, institutions of higher education are generally challenged in providing equal opportunities for disabled people. Thus, there is limited inclusion of disabled people in higher education in Uganda. In light of that finding, this research recommends higher education sector to undertake strategic interventions that seek to effectively implement the disability legal framework and as well as enhancing non-legal mechanisms to bringing about equal opportunities for disabled people in higher education. These interventions include increasing disability awareness and disability mainstreaming in the institutions of higher education, government organs with statutory mandate over higher education and development partners directly supporting higher education. The study also recommends that another way to build the internal capacity of higher education institutions on disability inclusion is through undertaking emancipatory disability research with them as that has an empowering effect on the participants.
21
Teferi, Desset A. "Role of civil society organisations in the realisation of human rights in Africa and the effect of regulatory mechanisms on their functions : Ethiopia and Ghana perspective." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/16793.
Анотація:
It is generally acknowledged that development is impossible in the absence of true democracy, respect for human rights, peace and good governance1
Good governance and human rights are mutually reinforcing. In turn, ‘good governance and good public administration are essential aspects of democracy and for achieving democracy a freely functioning, well organised, vibrant and responsible civil society is indispensable.’Democracy presupposes free elections, functioning political parties, independent media and active civil society organisations (CSOs) that can operate freely.4 Human rights are better promoted and protected in a democratic system.5 Accordingly it is submitted that a measure taken by a government which undermines key elements and role players of such a system tends to undermine the protection and promotion of human rights.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2010.
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mrs. Christina Dowuona-Hammond at the Faculty of Law, University of Leyon, Ghana. 2010.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
22
Tessema, Samuel Tilahun. "Competition to attract foreign direct investment through tax incentives as a threat for the realisation of socio-economics in Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8064.
Анотація:
The main objective of the study is to show how the use of tax incentives as
means of attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is threatening the realisation of socio-economic rights in
Africa.
Particular attention is given on how the granting of generous tax incentives can affect the proper and adequate provision of public services and infrastructures by highly reducing government revenue. The
research does not intend to analyse the impact of loss of revenue through tax
incentives on each and every socio-economic right. Rather the focus is on its
general impact on obligations of African states to respect, protect and fulfill socio-economic rights as derived from the major international, regional and national
human rights instrumentsThesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008.
A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mr Pramod Bissessur, Faculty of Law and Management, University of Mauritius
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
23
Thomas, Bernice Karen. "The importance of documentation for the protection of unaccompanied and separated migrant children and the realisation of access to socio-economic rights: An assessment of the participation and roles of stakeholders." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8335.
Анотація:
Magister Legum - LLMThis paper reports on the findings of a study on the importance of documentation for unaccompanied separated migrant children on South African soil. The objectives of the study is to identify what the international and national laws and policies state about protecting children’s rights, particularly, their socio-economic rights, in the context of irregular migration. Their rights to have legal documentation, their right to education as well as health care, among others. Most importantly, the paper attempts to gain an understanding of the role and obligations of South African stakeholders in terms of the requirements of documentation and the implementation of the relevant laws and policies. To understand what the relevant stakeholders such as NGO’s, DE, Health, DSD and DHA do to protect USMC’s socio-economic rights. Their right to documentation, their right to education, to health care, to the justice system and child protection systems.
24
Olaborede, Adebola Olufunmi. "The cultural practice of child marriage as a challenge to the realisation of the human rights of the girl –child: a comparative study of South Africa and Nigeria." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2578.
Анотація:
This study primarily sets out to examine the cultural practice of child marriage in Africa with a focus on the comparative study of South Africa and Nigeria. This practice has been prohibited in a number of international human rights instruments such as the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, and the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Right on the Rights of Women in Africa. However, overwhelming statistics show that the overall prevalence of child marriage in Africa is still very high and if current trends continue, Africa will become a region with the largest number of the global share of child marriages, by 2050. Different interconnecting factors promote and reinforce child marriage which makes this practice very complex. The challenge of cultural traditional practices and religious beliefs that promote child marriage in Africa are evaluated in this study. The complexities surrounding these cultural practices mainly relate to the conflict that exists between adhering to customs and traditional practices, and promoting the practical implementations and enforcement of human rights standards within communities. In particular, the age at which most girls are given out in marriage conflicts with the minimum legal age of marriage, lack of free and full consent to marriage and the mixed legal system, which mainly comprises of customary law, Islamic law and common or civil law and legislation, that often conflict with one another in most African States. Discussions on these contradictions, as in the case of child marriage, often lead to a seemingly endless debate between the universality of human rights and cultural relativism within African societies. Therefore, this study bears heavily on the debate and relationship between culture and human rights, and the extent to which they can be reconciled in order to achieve a realisation of the fundamental rights of the girl-child. A qualitative research method based on an extensive literature analysis from different disciples is adopted. In addition, is a comparative study of South Africa and Nigeria which seeks to provide insight into the nature and extent of the practice of child marriage, as well as evaluate the adequacy, effectiveness and shortcomings of national legislations that relate to the rights of a girl-child in the context of child marriage, in both jurisdictions.
25
Galliker, Doris. "The potential impact of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the realisation of socio-economic rights in the international arena: what can be learnt from the justiciability of socio-economic rights in South Africa?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4694.
Анотація:
The Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (the 'Optional Protocol' or the 'OP-ICESCR') has recently been adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations. This document establishes a new complaints procedure for economic, social and cultural rights ('ESCR') within the United Nations human rights system. Hence, those rights ' as it is already the case for civil and political rights (CPR) ' will become quasi-justiciable at international level. Once the Optional Protocol will enter into force, individuals and groups victims of violations of any right contained in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (the 'Covenant' or the 'ICESCR') will have the possibility to submit communications to the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (the 'Committee' or the 'CESCR'), as long as the state concerned is party to the OP-ICESCR.
26
Seri, Bi Neatien Urbain Victorien. "Contribution à l'étude de la Couverture maladie universelle (CMU) au prisme du droit à la santé en droit social ivoirien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0013.
Анотація:
L'accès aux soins de santé, notamment des plus pauvres, est une préoccupation au coeur des réflexions dans tous les systèmes politiques et juridiques nationaux. La question se pose davantage sur le continent africain où il existe peu de mécanismes de couverture santé. Les différents projets de Couverture maladie universelle initiés dans un certain nombre de pays africains tentent d'y apporter des solutions, mais peinent encore à se déployer. C'est le cas en Côte d'Ivoire depuis l'entrée en vigueur, le 1er octobre 2019, de la loi n°2014-131 du 24 mars 2014 instituant la Couverture maladie universelle. En dehors des travailleurs salariés et des fonctionnaires en activité ou à la retraite, les populations intègrent lentement et difficilement la CMU pourtant obligatoire pourtous. Il faut dire que le projet fait l'objet de critiques et de peu d'adhésion de la part de la population. Il pèche également par ses dispositions qui alimentent ces critiques, notamment sur la durée du délai de carence s’imposant à l’assuré, le caractère obligatoire de l'activité professionnelle pour les étrangers, le manque d'ouverture à d'autres formes de médecine telle que la médecine traditionnelle. Cela dit, l'exercice du droit fondamental à la santé dans un environnement marqué par un secteur informel important et une population à majorité pauvre passe par un système obligatoire et solidaire de mutualisation du risque comme la CMU. Reste à déterminer le modèle adéquat, notamment en termes de financement, afin de mettre en adéquation son objectifd’universalité et le contexte dans lequel il est mis en oeuvreAccess to health care, particularly for the poorest, is a central concern in all national political and legal systems. The issue is more acute on the African continent, where there are few health coverage mechanisms. The various Universal Health Coverage projects initiated in a number of African countries are attempting to provide solutions, but are still struggling to get off the ground. This has been the case in Côte d'Ivoire since law no. 2014-131 of 24 March 2014 instituting Universal Health Coverage came into force on 1 October 2019. Apart from salaried workers and civil servants, both active and retired, people are slowly and painstakingly integrating the CMU, despite the fact that it is compulsory for everyone. It has to be said that the project is the subject of criticism and little support from the population. It is also flawed by its provisions, which fuel these criticisms, in particular the length of the waiting period imposed on the insured, the compulsory nature of professional activity for foreigners, and the lack of openness to other forms of medicine such as traditionalmedicine. That said, if the fundamental right to health is to be exercised in an environment characterised by a large informal sector and a predominantly poor population, a compulsory, solidarity-based risk-pooling system such as the CMU is needed. What remains to be done is to determine the appropriate model, particularly in terms of funding, so as to match its universal objective with the context in which it is implemented
27
Krabbe, Erik C. W. "Being right, admitting that someone is right, being judged right." [Groningen : [Groningen : Rijksuniversiteit Groningen] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.
28
Elzayat, Ahmed. "Design and realisation of filters on MHMIC and MMIC fabrication processes for duplexers realisation." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/166/1/ELZAYAT_Ahmed.pdf.
Анотація:
Dans Fenvironnement actuel des telecommunications, les terminaux multi-modes multibandes
sont couramment utilises dans les systemes de communications modemes. Ces
terminaux integrent plusieurs « front-ends » radio frequences (RF), chacun pour une bande de
frequences, dont le fonctionnement necessite des filtres ou duplexeurs RF. En plus, les filtres
RF sont de tailles relativement importantes par rapport a d'autres composants RF. Par
consequent, les filtres et les duplexeurs occupent une partie de plus en plus grande dans les
emetteurs-recepteurs modemes. Ceci a conduit la communaute scientifique a consacrer plus
d*efforts a la miniaturisation des filtres radiofrequences.
Le present travail s'inscrit dans ce contexte, dans un effort visant a mettre au point des filtres
et des duplexeurs miniaturises ayant de faibles pertes et une haute isolation. Ce memoire
presente une topologie de filtres / duplexeurs miniaturises basee sur une technique de
miniaturisation topologique en utilisant Fanalyse et la conception assistees par ordinateur.
Les filtres con9us dans ce travail s'adapte bien a des precedes de fabrication en technologies
planaires. Telles que "Monolithic Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuit (MHMIC)" et
"Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC)". Ces precedes ont ete choisit a cause de
leurs caracteristiques de miniaturisation et d"integration. Les filtres obtenus montrent une
reducfion significative de taille par rapport a Fetat de Fart. La technique de miniaturisation
utilisee peut etre combinee avec les technologies de fabrication multicouches et d'autres
techniques avancees de fabrication pour potentiellement aboutir a des filtres / duplexeurs de
tailles raisonnables pour une integration monolithiques.
29
Tate, James Peter. "Self-realisation : seeking the authentic." Thesis, Keele University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322162.
30
Gyawali, Bikash. "Surface Realisation from Knowledge Bases." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0004/document.
Анотація:
La Génération Automatique de Langue Naturelle vise à produire des textes dans une langue humaine à partir d'un ensemble de données non-linguistiques. Elle comprend généralement trois sous-tâches principales: (i) sélection et organisation d'un sous-ensemble des données d'entrée; ii) détermination des mots à utiliser pour verbaliser les données d'entrée; et (iii) regroupement de ces mots en un texte en langue naturelle. La dernière sous-tâche est connue comme la tâche de Réalisation de Surface (RS). Dans ma thèse, j'étudie la tâche de RS quand les données d'entrée sont extraites de Bases de Connaissances (BC). Je présente deux nouvelles approches pour la réalisation de surface à partir de bases de connaissances: une approche supervisée et une approche faiblement supervisée. Dans l'approche supervisée, je présente une méthode basée sur des corpus pour induire une grammaire à partir d'un corpus parallèle de textes et de données. Je montre que la grammaire induite est compacte et suffisamment générale pour traiter les données de test. Dans l'approche faiblement supervisée, j'explore une méthode pour la réalisation de surface à partir de données extraites d'une BC qui ne requière pas de corpus parallèle. À la place, je construis un corpus de textes liés au domaine et l'utilise pour identifier les lexicalisations possibles des symboles de la BC et leurs modes de verbalisation. J'évalue les phrases générées et analyse les questions relatives à l'apprentissage à partir de corpus non-alignés. Dans chacune de ces approches, les méthodes proposées sont génériques et peuvent être facilement adaptées pour une entrée à partir d'autres ontologiesNatural Language Generation is the task of automatically producing natural language text to describe information present in non-linguistic data. It involves three main subtasks: (i) selecting the relevant portion of input data; (ii) determining the words that will be used to verbalise the selected data; and (iii) mapping these words into natural language text. The latter task is known as Surface Realisation (SR). In my thesis, I study the SR task in the context of input data coming from Knowledge Bases (KB). I present two novel approaches to surface realisation from knowledge bases: a supervised approach and a weakly supervised approach. In the first, supervised, approach, I present a corpus-based method for inducing a Feature Based Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar from a parallel corpus of text and data. I show that the induced grammar is compact and generalises well over the test data yielding results that are close to those produced by a handcrafted symbolic approach and which outperform an alternative statistical approach. In the weakly supervised approach, I explore a method for surface realisation from KB data which does not require a parallel corpus. Instead, I build a corpus from heterogeneous sources of domain-related text and use it to identify possible lexicalisations of KB symbols and their verbalisation patterns. I evaluate the output sentences and analyse the issues relevant to learning from non-parallel corpora. In both these approaches, the proposed methods are generic and can be easily adapted for input from other ontologies for which a parallel/non-parallel corpora exists
31
Gyawali, Bikash. "Surface Realisation from Knowledge Bases." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0004.
Анотація:
La Génération Automatique de Langue Naturelle vise à produire des textes dans une langue humaine à partir d'un ensemble de données non-linguistiques. Elle comprend généralement trois sous-tâches principales: (i) sélection et organisation d'un sous-ensemble des données d'entrée; ii) détermination des mots à utiliser pour verbaliser les données d'entrée; et (iii) regroupement de ces mots en un texte en langue naturelle. La dernière sous-tâche est connue comme la tâche de Réalisation de Surface (RS). Dans ma thèse, j'étudie la tâche de RS quand les données d'entrée sont extraites de Bases de Connaissances (BC). Je présente deux nouvelles approches pour la réalisation de surface à partir de bases de connaissances: une approche supervisée et une approche faiblement supervisée. Dans l'approche supervisée, je présente une méthode basée sur des corpus pour induire une grammaire à partir d'un corpus parallèle de textes et de données. Je montre que la grammaire induite est compacte et suffisamment générale pour traiter les données de test. Dans l'approche faiblement supervisée, j'explore une méthode pour la réalisation de surface à partir de données extraites d'une BC qui ne requière pas de corpus parallèle. À la place, je construis un corpus de textes liés au domaine et l'utilise pour identifier les lexicalisations possibles des symboles de la BC et leurs modes de verbalisation. J'évalue les phrases générées et analyse les questions relatives à l'apprentissage à partir de corpus non-alignés. Dans chacune de ces approches, les méthodes proposées sont génériques et peuvent être facilement adaptées pour une entrée à partir d'autres ontologiesNatural Language Generation is the task of automatically producing natural language text to describe information present in non-linguistic data. It involves three main subtasks: (i) selecting the relevant portion of input data; (ii) determining the words that will be used to verbalise the selected data; and (iii) mapping these words into natural language text. The latter task is known as Surface Realisation (SR). In my thesis, I study the SR task in the context of input data coming from Knowledge Bases (KB). I present two novel approaches to surface realisation from knowledge bases: a supervised approach and a weakly supervised approach. In the first, supervised, approach, I present a corpus-based method for inducing a Feature Based Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar from a parallel corpus of text and data. I show that the induced grammar is compact and generalises well over the test data yielding results that are close to those produced by a handcrafted symbolic approach and which outperform an alternative statistical approach. In the weakly supervised approach, I explore a method for surface realisation from KB data which does not require a parallel corpus. Instead, I build a corpus from heterogeneous sources of domain-related text and use it to identify possible lexicalisations of KB symbols and their verbalisation patterns. I evaluate the output sentences and analyse the issues relevant to learning from non-parallel corpora. In both these approaches, the proposed methods are generic and can be easily adapted for input from other ontologies for which a parallel/non-parallel corpora exists
32
Schlesiger, Shannon. "Right Care Right Place Toolkit Implementation." Mount St. Joseph University Dept. of Nursing / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=msjdn1619718839057118.
33
Åström, Aneq Meriam. "Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy : Is it right?" Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Klinisk fysiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70403.
Анотація:
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited heart disease, where sudden cardiac death in young seemingly healthy persons may be the first symptom. There is a need for more sensitive and accurate diagnostic methods to detect signs of disease, at an early stage and in relatives of affected individuals. The aim of this thesis is the evaluation of new non-invasive modalities in assessment of right ventricular (RV) volume and function with focus on patients with ARVC. Clinical and non-invasive follow-up of fifteen patients with ARVC during a mean period of 8 years permitted the evaluation of disease progression. RV volume analysis by magnetic resonance imaging relies on short axis (SA) views. A new axially rotated modality acquisition was tested and its feasibility in assessment of RV volume was evaluated. This acquisition seems to be able to improve the assessment of RV volume and function by reducing the uncertainty in defining the basal slice of the RV. A third study concentrated on analysis of RV regional and general function by echocardiography, using tissue Doppler imaging as well as two dimensional (2D) longitudinal strain based on speckle tracking in patients with ARVC, their first degree relatives and in healthy subjects. 2D strain showed a good feasibility in analysis of the RV function in relatives and controls but less in ARVC patients probably due to the progressive myocardial cell death with fibro-fatty replacement of the RV wall. In order to detect and follow up echocardiographic changes an index was developed combining dimensional and functional parameters for the left and for the right ventricle. Advances in the molecular genetics of ARVC have provided new insights into the understanding of the disease. Hitherto, 9 candidate genes have been identified. A new mutation in the plakophilin 2 gene was detected in a three generation family. The clinical phenotype related to this mutation was investigated. The studies have evaluated and developed methods for studying the right ventricle with special emphasis on ARVC. With the ultimate goal of preventing sudden death in ARVC, a combination of genetic testing and improved diagnostic methods may create an improved algorithm for risk stratification and selection to prophylactic treatment.
34
Dimos, Anna, and Fajfer Dalia Altaai. "Kampanj VS Realisation : prissättningsstrategier inom detaljhandeln." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18720.
Анотація:
Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att klargöra skillnaden mellan olika sorters rabatterade erbjudanden som kampanj och rea i Ur&Penns butiker. Syftet är även att se hur konsumenter ser på rabatterade erbjudanden och hur deras lojalitet kan påverkas av detta. Metod: En kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder har använts med en abduktiv ansats. Insamling av data har skett via enkäter, intervju och observation. Uppsatsen riktar sig in på att undersöka Ur&Penns marknad. Teori: Teorier som använts i uppsatsen beskriver prisstrategier, rabatterade erbjudanden, lojalitet ur konsumentperspektiv samt tar upp utsnitt ur marknadsföringslagen. Empiri: Empirin består av tre delar: webbenkät, intervju och en observation. Webbenkäten är skapad ur ett konsumentperspektiv medan intervjun är ur ett företagsperspektiv. En direkt observation har utförts av författarna. Slutsats: Det finns både negativa och positiva aspekter för både konsumenter och företag när det gäller rabatterade erbjudanden. Skillnaden mellan kampanj och rea är uppenbart i fakta men inte lika tydlig när det kommer till att se skillnaden i butik. Rabattaktiviteter används i butiker för att locka kunder till att handla. En stor del av våra respondenter uppfattar nedsatta priser som någonting positivt.
35
Pearmain, Charles. "Authenticity : an ethic of capacity realisation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2427/.
Анотація:
My interests lie in consideration of conceptions of authenticity and inauthenticity from the perspective of ethical theories which conceive of the good for man with reference to human nature and concomitant beliefs regarding the most appropriate realisation of human capacities. Here, I find particular interest in the philosophical styles embodied by the existentialist and Lebensphilosophie movements. Such approaches sit outside the traditional frames of reference provided by deontological and utilitarian approaches to ethical reasoning and yet do I shall argue, share significant similarities with ancient aretaic styles of ethics. Here, I take Aristotle to represent those aspects of ethical thought which are quintessentially of this period of intellectual history. I find not merely points of comparison but a fruitful way in which to re-examine the thought of thinkers such as Nietzsche, Scheler, Heidegger and Sartre with reference to styles of ethical enquiry which place primacy upon an objective conception of happiness which centres upon the appropriate realisation of human capacity understood with reference to Aristotle's Function Argument. I argue that phenomenological analysis shares a conception of self-perspicuity in which the agent reflects upon the full contents of their conscious experience. By this means, certain self-delusions which impede entry into the ethical life, may be removed. Additionally, whilst Aristotle's 'non-law' conception of ethics shares with existentialist thought an understanding of the human situation and its normative concerns in isolation from dualistic and theistic metaphysical speculation, such philosophy is still able to provide clear and objective ethical standards - standards often lacking within existentialism. For instance, whilst Nietzsche's pronouncement of the 'death of God' signals the death also of Christian morality, we find that such philosophy is not without normative implications and in fact can be derived to a large degree from assent towards a radical and more severe ethical self-discipline. Indeed, central certainly to the thought of Nietzsche, Heidegger and Sartre is an understanding of the role of self-deception in the human condition. Here a useful distinction may be made between those types of self-deception which may be understood as structural that is to say which are representative of an essential characteristic of human being at the abstract level - and those types of self-deception which may be described as 'motivated' or 'psychological' which relate to more specific types of self-deceptive engagement. I believe it is useful to examine both Nietzsche, Heidegger and Sartre through the lens of such interpretation, I find for instance that it is of use to examine the early Sartre as having a purely structural interpretation of bad faith (described by Jeanson as 'natural' bad-faith) whilst moving towards a psychological account in his later work, an account which has more specific moral implications with the possibility of 'willed conversion' to authenticity (Santoni). Additionally with Nietzsche, we also find a similar distinction between a self-deception which is in some sense preconditional and a motivational account of self-deception in which the agent infused with ressentiment falsifies reality in favour of subjective needs which are ultimately destructive of life-enhancement. In this sense the vicious individual can be said to have achieved merely a false optimum, and moreover, false from an objective standpoint.
36
Abele, Karin P. N. "Customer equity : dimensions and realisation process." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/2390.
Анотація:
A number of researcher and practitioners have identified a dramatic increase in competition and market transparency as the driving force behind the decline in customer loyalty in the financial services sector (e.g. Caruana, 2002). However, the costs for selling a product to a new customer are much higher than the costs for selling the same product to an existing customer, particularly when the customer is loyal to the company (Duffy, 2003). Due to these facts, strengthening customer relationships is necessary to achieve higher customer equity. Blodgett (2000) claims that the successful implementation of a customer equity strategy involves an organisation’s customer focus, operations, systems, and culture. Companies can offer value to customers through their services and products (added value and innovations), their personnel (service quality), and their processes (speed and quality). When the customer buys financial products and services, he creates customer equity for the company, which is in this thesis presented as company profit. Company profit is the sum of all customer profits and represents the value of each customer in the form of monetary aspects. This thesis aims at investigating if communication, price, process, product and human resource management influence company profit (customer equity) and, thus, whether they are drivers of customer equity (Chapters 5-10). In total, seven dimensions have been investigated. Recent customer equity models of value-based management are examined from the literature and based upon this, the construction of a new conceptual model for value building in competitive markets is proposed (Chapter 4). The framework identifies value propositions such as brand or product leadership, value sources for determining value creation strategies, and finally customer touch points for value delivery. Touch points are referred to as advertising, use of a logo, presence of sales persons, websites, branch outlets etc i.e. the human and physical interactions with customers over their relationship with an organisation. Together with products such touch points are designed to deliver value to customers with the objective of increasing customer equity.
37
詹文達 and Man-tat Jimmy Tsim. "High speed realisation of digital filters." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208939.
38
Gorb, Adam John. "Anya 17 : conception, collaboration and realisation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4102/.
Анотація:
I consider my one act opera Anya 17 to be a summation of my compositional work so far, as well as a new direction in my output. It brings together my concerns with drama, musical structure and collaboration, and the issues of writing an operatic work in the present century. The opera, which lasts just under 70 minutes is the main work of this thesis, was written with the librettist Ben Kaye and is set in the present day. The subject of Anya 17 is drawn from films dealing with sex trafficking between Eastern and Western Europe. As well as an analysis of the work I have outlined the practical issues of writing an opera from start to finish. A short piece Dancing in the Ghetto is also included, as this provided a good deal of the material for the opera as well as giving an example of writing on a smaller scale. I have included another large scale work, an oratorio for chorus and Wind Ensemble Eternal Voices, also in collaboration with Ben Kaye, and also dealing with a contemporary issue; that of War in the 21st century.
39
Wong, Lawdy Siu Shan. "Auditorium acoustic modelling on chaotic realisation." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394625.
40
ZERROUK, BELKACEM. "Etude et realisation d'un processeur simd." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10036.
Анотація:
Une architecture parallele simd a memoire distribuee se caracterise par deux points essentiels: le degre d'autonomie d'operation des processeurs et la programmabilite de son reseau d'interconnexion. Pour ce qui est de l'autonomie d'operation, le veritable modele simd manque de souplesse puisque tous les processeurs elementaires executent la meme instruction issue d'un meme controleur ce qui convient mal a un parallelisme de donnees au sens large. Des solutions architecturales appropriees sont donc a envisager. Quant a la programmabilite d'un reseau d'interconnexion, qui reflete le degre d'emulation de divers schemas de communication, sa mise en uvre efficace est liee au choix topologique. Celui retenu habituellement est l'hypercube qui malgre ses performances (due a son diametre logarithmique), presente l'inconvenient d'etre couteux. Aussi, afin d'allier performance et moindre cout, nous avons opte pour les solutions suivantes: 1) adoption d'un modele hybride simd/vliw pour assurer une bonne autonomie d'operation; 2) choix d'une topologie en grille maillee et integration d'une autonomie d'interconnexion qui donne une reconfigurabilite (dynamique) du reseau adaptee a une large gamme d'applications. Solutions qui ont contribue a la conception des composants de l'architecture smal objet de cette these
41
GAUTIER, THIANCHE EMMANUELLE. "Realisation de diodes electroluminescentes en polymeres." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112039.
Анотація:
Le travail presente dans ce memoire concerne la realisation et l'etude de diodes electroluminescentes en polymeres semiconducteurs. La majeure partie de notre etude a porte sur des diodes monocouches a structure sandwich classique : anode/polymere/cathode. L'ito a ete choisi comme anode, le polymere consiste principalement en un melange d'un polymere commercial, bon transporteur de trous : le polyvinylcarbazole et d'un colorant laser egalement commercial : la coumarine-515. La cathode a ete realisee en magnesium protege par une couche supplementaire d'argent. Nous avons etudie l'influence de l'epaisseur de la couche organique et de la teneur en coumarine sur les caracteristiques spectrales, electriques et le rendement d'electroluminescence des diodes. Le principal inconvenient de ces structures est que leur duree de vie reste faible. La seconde partie de notre etude a donc consiste a determiner les causes de cette degradation prematuree. A l'aide de la reflectivite des rayons-x, methode d'investigation non-destructive des interfaces, nous avons pu etablir que la qualite de l'ito et plus particulierement sa rugosite, etait a l'origine de ce vieillissement. Par utilisation d'une couche organique supplementaire nous avons essaye de lisser l'ito. Les resultats obtenus sont encourageants meme si on observe encore, a l'heure actuelle, une degradation rapide des structures. Enfin, nous avons realise un nouveau type de diodes electroluminescentes a structure planaire : un canal electroluminescent en aluminium. Les avantages d'un tel dispositif sont nombreux : il n'est plus necessaire de controler l'etat de surface de la couche polymere, et le choix des metaux constituant les electrodes n'est plus critique. De plus, on a supprime l'ito et donc les causes de degradation qui lui sont liees.
42
Brune, Michel. "Realisation d'un micromaser a deux photons." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066112.
Анотація:
Realisation du premier oscillateur maser a deux photons. Il fonctionne en continu sur une transition atomique a deux photons. Sa realisation a ete rendue possible grace a l'utilisation d'une cavite micro-onde supraconductrice (f = 68 ghz) de tres haute surtension ( q # 10**(8)) accordee sur une transition a deux photons entre etats de rydberg du rubidium presentant des configurations de niveaux particulierement favorables. Description de l'experience ainsi qu'une etude theorique d'abord semi-classique puis quantique des proprietes specifiques du micromaser a deux photons
43
Geoffroy, Madeleine. "Jane eyre : quete, initiation et realisation." Grenoble 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE39036.
Анотація:
Premiere partie : jane : quete spirituelle ou voyage symbolique vers le centre jane, orpheline part a la quete du bonheur. Tout au long de son chemin, a chaque etape de son periple symbolisee par une demeure, l'heroine connait des tribulations; elle doit faire face aussi chaque fois a un severe protagoniste: a gateshead, mrs reed la rejette; a lowood, brocklehurst seme privation et mort; thornfield abrite la tentation de la chair symbolisee par le maitre du domaine, mr rochester qui la fait fuir du paradis terrestre; moorhouse voudrait faire d'elle une martyre soumise au fanatisme de st john mais ferndean l'attend au dernier detour du chemin pour la faire penetrer au sein de la beatitude. Durant ce long voyage regne une atmosphere etrange que les elements, reflets de l'ame et de la lutte de jane viennent assombrir ou eclairer. Deuxieme partie : rochester : epreuves et initiation etre de roc, de feu et de sang, ayant connu une jeunesse tumultueuse et trop attire par les desirs terrestres, il doit subir une initiation douloureuse, veritable transmutation alchimique l'obligeant a accepter les epreuves et la mort symbolique avant de le faire renaitre a une autre vie aupres de jane venue seulement alors le rejoindre. Troisieme partie : charlotte : ecriture et realisation charlotte bronte se cachait derriere ses heros. A travers la joie que lui apporta l'ecriture se revele l'experience poignante que fut sa vie, initiation douloureuse durant laquelle les privations, la souffrance et la mort sevirent dans le sombre presbytere de haworth; puis son coeur mis a nu brula sur le brasier ardent du renoncement a son retour de bruxelles. Cette grande et tragique experience sentimentale allait lui ouvrir pourtant toute grandes les portes de l'art. Combien immense fut l'allegement du poids de la vie, puissante sa vengeance, epanoui enfin son etre que l'inhibition avait fui lorsque le succes la fit penetrer dans le jardin de la notoriete eternelle mais charlotte devait succomber prematurement a ce bonheur trop tard venu malheureusementFirst part : jane : her spiritual quest or symbolical journey towards the centre jane, an orphan sets out in search of happiness. All along the road, at each stage of her progress symbolised by a dwelling place, the heroine meets trials. Each time she has to cope with a severe protagonist too : at gateshead, mrs reed rejects her; at lowood, brocklehurst is sowing starvation and death; thornfield shelters temptation symbolised by the master of the estate, mr rochester who causes her to fly the garden of eden; moorhouse would like to make a martyr of her under the influence of st john's fanaticism but ferndean is waiting for her at the last turning of her way and leads her last steps towards bliss. Throughout that long journey a strange atmosphere is prevailing, enhanced by the elements reflecting jane's feelings and struggle. Second part : rochester's trials and initiation a son of rock and fire, having experienced an eventful youth, too much attracted by earthly desires he must undergo a painful initiation, a genuine alchemical transmutation in which he almost meets his doom. But this death is metaphorical, his suffering and wounds symbolical and soon he comes to life again to enjoy the return of jane for ever. Third part : charlotte : writing and accomplishment charlotte bronte is in fact hiding herself behind her heroes. Throughout the enthralling experience of writing, the heartbreaking events of her life are revealed; it was indeed an excruciating initiation : not only did hardship and death reign supreme over the dismal parsonage but after her return from brussels her heart, laying bare, burnt on the fiery furnace of renunciation. And yet her sentimental suffering opened the way to her genius and art. When success opened the door to an eternal fame, the burden of her life, her frustration and inhibition vanished. Unfortunately at the prospect of happiness which had come too late, charlotte was about to meet an unti
44
Sur, Ki-Won. "Anforderungsprofile für Künstlermanager Konzeption und Realisation." Hamburg Diplomica-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/990466825/04.
45
Tsim, Man-tat Jimmy. "High speed realisation of digital filters /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12374088.
46
Potter, Edward M. "Studies of the decays B̄⁰[right arrow]D⁺D⁻, B⁰[right arrow]D⁺D⁻, B̄⁰[right arrow]D*⁺D⁻, B̄⁰[right arrow]D⁺D*⁻, B⁰[right arrow]D⁺D*⁻, B⁰[right arrow]D*⁺D⁻, B̄⁰[right arrow]D*⁺D*⁻, and B⁰[right arrow]D*⁺D*⁻ /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9956460.
47
Zander, Patrick Glenn. "Right modern." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28270.
Анотація:
Thesis (M. S.)--History, Technology and Society, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Jonathan Schneer; Committee Member: Dr. John Krige; Committee Member: Dr. John Tone; Committee Member: Dr. Gus Giebelhaus; Outside Reader: Dr. David Edgerton.
48
Kovacs, Erika. "The legal nature of Art. 30 CFREU - A human right, a fundamental right, a right?" University Osijek, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6968/1/1_Kovacs.pdf.
Анотація:
The article provides for an analysis of the legal nature of Article 30 of the Charter of Fundamental
Rights of the European Union, which declares "the right to protection against unjustified
dismissal". In the focus of attention is the question, whether this right constitutes a human or a
fundamental right or it is a right without the status of being fundamental or alternatively only
a basic principle.
The considerations are based on the legal theory of human rights and particularly social rights,
as well as on the understanding of this right in the various international treaties and the constitutional
traditions of the Member States. Furthermore, the article addresses the question of
implementation of Article 30 in the national laws, scrutinizes the interpretation of Art. 51 Abs
1 of the Charter and highlights the deficiencies and possibilities. Also the image of this right
mirrored in the European Union's law and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European
Union is examined.
49
SILBERBERG, YVES. "Realisation d'un systeme intelligent d'aide a la conception de mecanismes. Application a la realisation d'un arbre de transmission." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF21653.
Анотація:
Nous nous interesserons aux etapes de l'avant-projet et du projet, c'est a dire la phase de conception proprement dite. Une demarche naturelle consiste a decomposer un mecanisme en systemes elementaires simples, parfaitement definis, qui font l'objet de la connaissance technologique. Notons que cette decomposition n'est accessible que lorsque le type du mecanisme a concevoir est connu. S'appuyant sur cette decomposition, le processus de conception peut s'imaginer comme une definition fonctionnelle globale descendante, allant des caracteristiques les plus generales, aux caracteristiques particulieres des elements constitutifs, puis par une definition technologique remontante, en partant des solutions technologiques de base afin d'arriver a une definition complete de la machine. Un mecanisme peut donc etre vu comme l'assemblage de composants fonctionnels, dimensionnes pour satisfaire aux donnees issues d'un niveau superieur. Ces composants fonctionnels sont constitues de l'ensemble des parties fonctionnelles (surfaces de contact, volumes de matiere) appartenant aux differentes pieces et necessaire pour assurer la transmission des efforts entre deux pieces principales. Nous comprenons facilement l'interet d'un outil informatique permettant au concepteur d'explorer rapidement l'ensemble des raisonnements possibles pour la recherche de la meilleure solution. Afin d'experimenter cette demarche, nous avons modelise, a l'aide du generateur de systeme expert smeci, un mecanisme comme etant l'assemblage des solutions technologiques des differentes liaisons. Notre maquette permet d'aider le concepteur a prendre des choix concernant la conception de tous les mecanismes composes d'engrenages montes sur des paliers a roulements et comprenant des liaisons arbre moyeux par clavettes, des liaisons par circlips ou ecrous speciaux. Les resultats obtenus valident le principe d'un processus de conception organise autour de la decomposition d'un systeme mecanique complexe en sous-systemes elementaires que sont les composants fonctionnels. Nous mettons aussi en evidence l'importance de l'apport de l'intelligence artificielle dans un tel processus
50
Birdsall, Sally. "The pedagogical realisation of education for sustainability." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/10326.
Анотація:
The aim of this research was to investigate teachers' understandings of sustainability and ways in which they could be developed. How teachers translate these understandings into their pedagogy and its effects on children's understandings were explored. The impacts of learning about sustainability on teachers' identities were also investigated. This research used a qualitative-interpretivist mode of inquiry with a case study approach that utilised a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to answer the research questions that explored teacher participants' initial and developing understandings of sustainability during professional development. Two case studies describing and analysing practising teachers' translation of their understandings of sustainability into their pedagogy were constructed using interviews and documentary data that included planning and children's work. The final research focus explored the relationship between their understanding of sustainability and their sense of identity as education for sustainability (EfS) teachers. A definition of sustainability comprised of five components was developed. Three tools were constructed to measure the complexity and levels of teachers' understandings and identities. The first tool measured the complexity of their understandings using the five-component definition. Initially these understandings were simplistic and environmentally focused. The second tool measured their metacognitive awareness of sustainability which showed that about half of the participants were unaware of the complexity of this concept. The findings established that this tool could be used metacognitively by teachers to monitor their developing awareness. The third tool provided a mechanism by which teachers' understanding and awareness of sustainability, personal practices and professional beliefs could be analysed to place the teachers in categories of identity that provided information about their outlook on sustainability. All of these tools provided evidence that the pedagogical realisation of education for sustainability is a complex process. The professional development programme was thematically analysed and evaluated using a research-based generic model. Data from children's learning provided a further evaluation and demonstrated that a pedagogy that developed a deep understanding of sustainability is complex and is easily influenced by a teacher's identity and perception of sustainability. Consequently these teachers demonstrated their environmentally-scientific focus and these young children's understandings of sustainability did not reflect such a focus but they did develop a temporal awareness of sustainability. This research has highlighted the significance of identity that influences ontological change in teaching and learning about sustainability and recognises that changes in behaviour and values of teachers are the lynch-pin of any significant change in classroom pedagogy for sustainability.Whole document restricted until Jan. 2014, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.