Дисертації з теми "Réacteurs chimiques – Conception et construction"
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Behloul, Chakib Rafik. "Méthodes de conception de réacteurs multifonctionnels (réacteur-échangeur-séparateur) : application à la synthèse directe de DME à partir de CO₂ et d’H₂." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0249.
The depletion of resources and the accumulation of pollutant gases in the atmosphere are nowadays of growing concern. The current energy transition requires that certain material and energy transformation processes be partially modified or profoundly reconsidered to fit more sustainable operating conditions. Low-carbon electricity and hydrogen can substitute fossil fuels, leading to an energy mix with a low greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint. In addition to hydrogen, the production of alternative fuels and high value-added products is another way to support the energy transition.Looking for optimal, sustainable and economical processes is therefore a major challenge that process engineers are facing. The present work has thus focused on the intensification of mass and energy transformation processes, through multifunctional units, which take advantage of the synergies between elementary functions of transformation (reaction, transfer, separation, etc.) within an intensive equipment. The concept of multifunctional reactors, coupling several elementary functions, has been a real success when historical demonstrators were created (Eastman-Kodak process, etc.), but their implementation has not been generalized, due to a lack of practical design methodology.This work focuses on the implementation of some intensification methodologies to understand and improve the performance of a process involving balanced exothermic reactions. The dimethyl ether (DME) direct synthesis from CO₂ and H₂ is considered as a case study. Different exploratory ways for the DME direct synthesis process development have been investigated based on modeling and simulation. Reactor- Heat exchanger, multifunctional reactor (reactor-heat exchanger-membrane separator), hybrid elementary block processes and a process involving the cooled reactor in a conventional process environment in the presence of additional unit operations and recycle loop are studied from different angles. Different optimization cases and strategies have been addressed which differ by the decision variables and the solving method. The different methodologies applied have demonstrated the relevance of the solutions obtained and the opening towards process innovation.At the equipment level, the profiles optimization represents the heart of the methodology. The results demonstrate the potential of multifunctional reactors: a CO₂ conversion per pass of 98%, a DME yield of 95% and the possibility to remove a distillation column are obtained. In order to assess the maximum achievable performance in a multifunctional reactor, a hybrid process of elementary blocks has been optimized. At the process scale, the reactor behavior has been studied to further understand the impact of the reactor integration in a recycle loop and to estimate the local and global effects on the multiple performance criteria. Based on various criteria (overall DME yield, overall CO₂ conversion, TRL, etc.), the comparison of the different designs revealed that a reduction of the equipment number by a factor of 11 is possible in the case of a multi-functional reactor choice
Mbodji, Mamadou. "Conception et dimensionnement de réacteurs-échangeurs microstructurés pour la production de gaz de synthèse par vaporeformage du méthane." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0256/document.
Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) of natural gas is characterized by generation of an excess of steam and their low thermal efficiency resulting in a very large device with important heat losses. One of the possible keys to make this process more profitable is to optimize heat transfer by changing the reactor design. A microstructured heat exchanger reactor has been retained. It enables to have fast heat and mass transfers and therefore allow increasing catalytic activity. However, this change in production technology must be accompanied by the development of highly active catalysts (MgAl2O4) that enable to reach high methane conversion (80%, 20 bar, 850°C) at low residence time (150 ms). The concept feasibility and catalysts performance have been validated on one channel in industrial process conditions. Then, a detailed model for acquisition of reaction kinetics has been developed and validated from experimental catalytic tests. For heat exchanger reactor design, two modeling approaches have been developed: by considering that the catalyst is highly active and enables to reach instantaneous equilibrium conversion on the coated catalytic walls of the reactor and by tacking the measured kinetics. Simulation of these models by considering technical constraints on the design enabled to find channel characteristic dimensions, heat power needed and the optimum number of channel which determine the heat exchanger reactor volume. Two fast methods for preliminary design of heat-exchanger reactors have been developed. By using heat exchanger reactor, it is possible to suppress steam excess generation and to reduce syngas production cost
Delecouls, Karine. "Conception et modélisation de réacteurs électro-membranaires : application à la synthèse enzymatique." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30263.
Leclerc, Arnaud. "Conception, réalisation et évaluation de réacteurs micro-structurés gaz-liquide pour des procédés chimiques à fortes contraintes." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10316.
Current silicon micro-machining techniques make now possible the manufacturing of micro-structured reactors with inner dimensions as low as a few micrometers. A major consequence of their high surface-to-volume ratio is a significant increase of heat and mass transfers which make them appropriate for the investigation of demanding reactions. In spite of the increasing amount of research in this field, very few devices can be used at both high pressure and temperature for the study of gas-liquid reactions. Therefore, several film and dispersed phase contactors have been designed and manufactured, notably with the help of Computational Fluid Dynamics. Taylor flow based contactors, considered as the more convenient in terms of hydrodynamics, were caracterized using an asymetric hydrogenation (30°C, 1-5bar) as well as a partial liquid phase oxidation (200°C, 25bar). Thanks to the intrinsic safety of micro-channels, the latter was also conducted with an enriched oxygen gas feed, thus leading to a significant improvement of the reactor’s productivity
Rousseaux, Jean-Marc. "Conception, mise en oeuvre et modélisation de réacteurs pour la précipitation de particules à propriétés contrôlées : application à la pseudo-boehmite." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL014N.
Paolucci-Jeanjean, Delphine. "Hydrolyse enzymatique d'amidon de manioc en réacteur à membrane. Conception et étude d'un nouveau procédé. Modélisation cinétique." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20006.
Fiaty, Koffi. "Conception, réalisation et automatisation d'un réacteur pilote de laboratoire pour identification de cinétiques et de thermicités." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10004.
Caquineau, Hubert. "Modélisation numérique de réacteurs plasma : analyse des processus chimiques et étude de dispositifs de conception variée. Cas du nitrure de silicium et de l'oxyde de silicium." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30182.
Bovonsombut, Sittisin. "Production de spores de Chaetomium Globosum : approche physiologique et conception d'un procédé extrapolable." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT008G.
Billerbeck, Gustavo de. "Etude d'un contacteur gaz-liquide pour le traitement d'effluents gazeux. Conception et caractérisation d'un aéro-éjecteur." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0048.
Barahona, Luis. "Conception et automatisation d'un réacteur pilote à double enveloppe et à fluide unique. Caractérisation thermique et cinétique de modèles chimiques." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES038.
Lebrun, Michel. "Conception d'un pilote de pompe à chaleur chimique solide-gaz : simulation et dimensionnement à partir de résultats de maquette." Perpignan, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PERP0065.
Floquet, Pascal. "Procédures discrète et continue d'optimisation et de CAO en génie chimique : étude de cas." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT018G.
Coutu, Arnaud. "Conception de réacteurs de laboratoire et développement d’approches numériques pour l’optimisation du procédé de méthanisation en voie solide et discontinu : plans d’expériences mixtes et bootstrapping, modélisation couplée hydrodynamique et biochimique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2616.
This work aims to provide innovative solutions and perspectives to the current research work on solid state anaerobic digestion, using digital tools. The deliverables of this study are organized into a “digital toolbox” for engineers and researchers. Like the worker’s toolbox, this solution consists of several sections representing the three main digital applications for anaerobic digestion: optimization, hydrodynamics and modeling. Each part is linked with others to build a systemic approach identifying exchanges between them in order to form a complete solution exceeding the sum of its parts. This work was carried out around two substrates: straw cattle manure and damp grass. It was however designed to be transposed to any substrates. The first step in this work was the reactors and gas counters conception to perform each of these steps at lower cost. This equipment was computer-aided designed after the characteristics were determined by calculation. The second step was to determine a different approach from experimental designs to increase the optimization efficiency using this tool. This method allows tooptimize both the composition of each substrate and the different operating parameters values in a single experimental design combining factor design and mix design. The bootstrapping tool is also used to minimize the number of experiments while maintaining the results significance. In this study, the two substrates composition and two operating parameters were studied to maximize methane yield. The two substrates were cattle manure and damp grass, and the two studied parameters were immersion of the substrates and recirculation frequency of the liquid phase. The percolation is also a study subject: what is the purpose of optimizing the operating parameters if the liquid phase cannot percolate within the solid part? Therefore, the third step of this work is to study the liquid phase flow within the solid part under codigestion conditions according to its composition and stratification. This step allows to provide the flow characteristic parameter to propose a new stratification approach and to highlight the codigestion effect on the microporosity and macroporosity evolution. Finally, the microporosity and macroporosity evolution impact on biology was modeled in a single substrate model to provide an understanding tool and a first work step on a prediction tool integrating these phenomena. The whole study allows to optimize the operating parameters, to ensure the functional aspect of an experiment and bring forward an understanding model of porosities evolution. It is not a definitive solution but a solution to substantiate, just as the toolbox is continuously renewed in innovative and more efficient tools
Hernandez-Shek, Manuel Alejandro. "Développement et validation de méthodologies et d’outils opérationnels de caractérisation rhéologique de biomasses appliqués au procédé de méthanisation en voie solide, et conception de réacteurs de 0,5 m3." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2579.
Continuous dry anaerobic digestion (D-AD) in plug flow reactor (PFR) is a promising process that is growing interest in the treatment and energy recovery of agricultural waste. The biomethane production provides an additional income to farmers and a source of natural fertilizer, additionally, this process is in line with UNESCO's sustainable development objectives through the production of renewable energy, employment creation and the fight against climate change. Despite the potential of this process in the current energy context, scientific and technological obstacles need to be solved to better understand and control the phenomena involved, to increase the profitability of the installations and to make this technology more accessible to small and medium-sized farmers. The objective of this work is to provide solutions to the problems related to the development of continuous D-AD in PFR, especially for the Easymetha process. First, the objective was to develop and validate rheological measurement tools and methods adapted to D-AD process at pilot and industrial scales. Three alternative rheological analysis methods were developed to measure the rheological properties (yield stress, viscosity, cohesion and angle of friction) of the biomass as well as its flowability. A Slump Test, a consistometer and a shear box of large volumes (>10 L) allowed to characterize the rheological properties of artificial mixtures of raw and crushed straw manure. Then, the second objective focused on the development and application of a Water Retention Curve (WRC) method for the determination of the evolution of the porosity distribution of manure treated in batch reactors. Then, the objective was to establish the effect of immersion, the absence of recirculation of the liquid phase and the height of the solid mass on the degradation of the material and its physical and rheological properties as a function of height, two digestion columns with a height of 2.5 m and a total volume of 440 L were constructed. Two levels of immersion were tested to demonstrate the low need for liquid recirculation once the solid mass is immersed in the liquid fraction. The importance of this parameter for continuous D-AD systems fed with raw substrates is discussed. Immersion can promote the formation of hydraulic seals at the reactor inlet and outlet and the horizontal displacement of the material. These experiments have provided a solid basis for the next objective, which is to design and operate a continuous D-AD pilot PFR with a design as close as possible to the Easymetha process. The development of a new D-AD system at the pilot scale consisted of a 500 L PFR, a large volume where the material advances over a length of 2 m. This pilot has been operated continuously for 100 days, its operation has shown the aptitude and resilience of this system for the valorization of raw straw cattle-manure. In addition, a tool for simulation and prediction of methane flow behavior from batch data was created and validated with the experimental results of the pilot. Finally, the evolution of the rheological properties of the manure in continuous and batch reactors was measured using the previously developed and calibrated tools. This thesis is based on several multi-scale and complementary experiments allowing a better understanding and optimization of the process of continuous dry-process anaerobic digestion of raw agricultural by-products
Sarra-Bournet, Christian. "Design et réalisation d'un réacteur plasma à pression atmosphérique pour des traitements de surfaces dans le domaine des biomatériaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24189/24189.pdf.
Cold plasma polymer surface modification is widely used in the biomedical field to tailor the surface properties of materials to improve their biocompatibility. Cold plasma is a gaseous environment near ambient temperature containing excited species that can react with the surface of materials. This technology is well known and efficient but usually requires low pressure plasma systems which render the process costly and less interesting for industrial scale-up. But recently, filamentary dielectric barrier discharge (FDBD) and atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) working at atmospheric pressure have appeared as interesting alternatives for polymer surface modification. This idea aims to eliminate the need of vacuum system thus developing a technique as efficient but at a low cost to come closer to an industrial process. During this master, an atmospheric pressure plasma reactor has been designed and realized. The reactor was built in a way to be able to optimize and control the experimental conditions (power, frequency, gases choices and flow) and allow the surface treatment of various polymers. To compare with the existing low pressure plasma technology, surface modifications of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) has been performed in different atmospheres (NH3, N2 + H2, and N2 + NH3 mixtures) with a low pressure radio-frequency glow discharge (RFGD), an FDBD and an APGD. The modified surfaces has been studied and compared with various surface analysis techniques. Surface functionalization obtained with the atmospheric pressure plasma reactor seems to be an effective, low cost method for the production of uniform surface modification with amino-groups that can subsequently be used to graft various chemical functionalities used for biomaterial compatibility.
Shi, Feng. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques de surfaces microstructurées : application à la fabrication de verres organiques ophtalmiques digitaux." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7683/1/shi.pdf.
Belotteau, Jeanne. "Comportement et rupture d’un acier au C-Mn en présence de vieillissement sous déformation." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECAP0002/document.
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Ducamp, Julien. "Conception et optimisation d’un réacteur-échangeur structuré pour l'hydrogénation du dioxyde de carbone en méthane de synthèse dédié à la filière de stockage d’énergie électrique renouvelable." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF064/document.
Discovered in 1902, the C02 methanation is getting a growing interest for its application to electricity storage processes needed for the development of renewable anergies. lts implementation requires the development of innovative catalytic reactors compatible with the specifications of this application. The present work focuses on the study of three reactor-exchangers designed during this thesis: - an annular fixed bed reactor, a milli-structured fixed bed reactor and a reactor which uses metallic foams as catalyst carriers. Their global performances are experimentally evaluated. The catalyst deactivation is studied and its causes identified. A modeling of these three reactors allows the simulation of their behavior. The hydrodynamic and thermal properties of their internai structure and the reaction kinetics are experimentally characterized . The numerical results of the simulations are compared to the experimental data and complete the analysis of the reactors behavior.The identified models are finally used to study the limits and the potentialities of the reactors
Abdelouahed, Lokmane. "Gestion optimale du gaz électrogénéré dans un réacteur d'électroréduction de minerai de fer." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0203/document.
Electrogenerated gas in electrochemical reactors is considered as an electrochemical and hydrodynamic phenomenon. The ohmic drop in the electrolyte solution is one of important parameter to evaluate for the optimization design of electrochemical reactors. It is due to the resistance of the solution, therefore, its electrical conductivity and of the distance between the two electrodes. To reduce the energy consumption of the electrolytic reduction cell of hematite particles to metallic iron, we studied the design of anode, the location of oxygen bubbles production, in two equivalent cells for water electrolysis in an alkali media. The results showed that the gas hold up increases along the anode and only 25% of the initial anode height is actually active. Moreover the bubbles reach their terminal velocity after 50% of the initial anode height. This allowed us to formulate recommendations that allow the best conditions of bubbles electrogenerated disengagement and low energy consumption