Статті в журналах: "RCC MEMBER"

1

Hassan, Aamir, and Javed Ahmad Bhat. "Behaviour of CFDST and RCC member hybrid frames." Asian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 6 (March 29, 2021): 1045–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42107-021-00364-1.

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2

Khan, Hanif, and Lokesh Singh. "Study of Change in Width to Depth Ratio of RCC Beam in Shear for M-25 Grade of Concrete." International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 3, no. 12 (December 23, 2020): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47607/ijresm.2020.422.

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In this study focused member with typically b/d ratio of members once a parameter of depth constant and another parameter is width constant. Additional consideration should be given to member having b/d ratio of about its analyzing and designing resistivity, which are also representative of wide beams used in industry. Each of these geometric relationships should be considered in the context of member with web reinforcement.

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3

Sassano, Antonella, Evangelos Mavrommatis, Ahmet Dirim Arslan, Barbara Kroczynska, Elspeth M. Beauchamp, Satya Khuon, Ten-Leong Chew, et al. "Human Schlafen 5 (SLFN5) Is a Regulator of Motility and Invasiveness of Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 35, no. 15 (May 26, 2015): 2684–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00019-15.

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We provide evidence that human SLFN5, an interferon (IFN)-inducible member of the Schlafen (SLFN) family of proteins, exhibits key roles in controlling motility and invasiveness of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. Our studies define the mechanism by which this occurs, demonstrating that SLFN5 negatively controls expression of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene (MMP-1),MMP-13, and several other genes involved in the control of malignant cell motility. Importantly, our data establish that SLFN5 expression correlates with a better overall survival in a large cohort of patients with RCC. The inverse relationship between SLFN5 expression and RCC aggressiveness raises the possibility of developing unique therapeutic approaches in the treatment of RCC, by modulating SLFN5 expression.

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Jiang, Tao, Houping Mao, Qin Chen, Linsheng Cao, Yanfeng He, Xingjian Gao, Wenwei Chen, and Hua Zhang. "Trim24 prompts tumor progression via inducing EMT in renal cell carcinoma." Open Medicine 15, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 1153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2020-0206.

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AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor originating from renal tubular epithelial cells with poor prognosis and high metastatic rate. Tripartite motif-containing 24 (Trim24) is a member of the tripartite motif (Trim) family and also a valuable oncogene, but its role in RCC remains unclear. We constructed the overexpression and knockdown of Trim24 cell lines to investigate its roles in RCC progression. CCK8, wound healing, and transwell assay were performed to determine the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RCC cell lines, respectively. Moreover, the expression of Trim24 and its clinicopathological significance were evaluated in a human RCC tissue microarray. From our results, Trim24 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RCC cells in vitro. Importantly, overexpression of Trim24 led to a significant increase in the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, fibronectin, snail, vimentin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin, inducing the EMT process in turn, while the expression of these proteins was significantly downregulated when Trim24 was knocked down in ACHN cells. In addition, Trim24 was significantly upregulated in RCC, and its high expression was negatively associated with the tumor size. Trim24 might operate as an oncogene in RCC progression by inducing the EMT process, suggesting that Trim24 was a potential target for human RCC.

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5

Feng, Jia-fu, Wen-yu Yang, Yao-dong Wang, Gang Xie, Bei Xu, Chun-mei Dai, Bin Zhang, Xiao-han Li, Jun Wang, and Yu-wei Yang. "Circ_000829 Plays an Anticancer Role in Renal Cell Carcinoma by Suppressing SRSF1-Mediated Alternative Splicing of SLC39A14." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (August 26, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8645830.

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Background. Covalently closed circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical oncogenic or anticancer roles in various cancers including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), pointing to their regulation as a promising strategy against development of RCC. We, thus, studied the tumor-suppressive role of circ_000829 in RCC through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Methods. The expression of circ_000829 was validated in clinical RCC tissues and RCC cell lines. Based on ectopic expression and knockdown experiments, we examined the interactions among circ_000829, serine and arginine rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1), and solute carrier family 39 member 14 (SLC39A14, zinc transporter). Then, the effects of circ_000829, SRSF1, and SLC39A14 on cell cycle distribution and proliferation in vitro and on tumor growth in vivo were evaluated in RCC cells. Results. Circ_000829 was poorly expressed in RCC tissues and cells, while SRSF1 was highly expressed. Restoration of circ_000829 reduced the levels of SRSF1 and SLC39A14B, thereby repressing the RCC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Meanwhile, overexpression of SRSF1 and SLC39A14B promoted the proliferation and cell cycle entry of RCC cells. Mechanistically, circ_000829 directly bound to SRSF1, and SRSF1 enhanced the expression of SLC39A14B by mediating the alternative splicing of SLC39A14. SLC39A14B upregulation negated the effect of SLC39A14 knockdown on RCC cell proliferation. Conclusion. Hence, this study suggests the antiproliferative role of circ_000829 in RCC growth and further elucidates the underlying mechanism involving the inhibited SRSF1-mediated alternative splicing of SLC39A14 mRNA.

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6

Li, Gang, Tie Chong, Jie Yang, Hongliang Li, and Haiwen Chen. "Kinesin Motor Protein KIFC1 Is a Target Protein of miR-338-3p and Is Associated With Poor Prognosis and Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma." Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics 27, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096504018x15213115046567.

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KIFC1 (kinesin family member C1) plays a critical role in clustering of extra centrosomes in various cancer cells and thus could be considered as a promising therapeutic target. However, whether KIFC1 is involved in the procession of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) still remains unclear. In this study, we found that KIFC1 was upregulated in RCC tissues and is responsible for RCC tumorigenesis (p < 0.001). The high expression of KIFC1 correlates with aggressive clinicopathologic parameters. Kaplan‐Meier analysis suggested that KIFC1 was associated with poor survival prognosis in RCC. Silencing KIFC1 dramatically resulted in inhibition of proliferation, delayed the cell cycle at G2/M phase, and suppressed cell invasion and migration in vitro. The antiproliferative effect of KIFC1 silencing was also observed in xenografted tumors in vivo. miR-338-3p could directly bind to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of KIFC1, and ectopic miR-338-3p expression mimicked the inhibitory functions of KIFC1 silencing on RCC cells through inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, these results revealed that KIFC1 may be a novel biomarker and an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of RCC.

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7

Wacker, Ingrid, Martin Sachs, Karl Knaup, Michael Wiesener, Jörg Weiske, Otmar Huber, Ziya Akçetin, and Jürgen Behrens. "Key Role for Activin B in Cellular Transformation after Loss of the von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor." Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, no. 7 (January 21, 2009): 1707–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01184-07.

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ABSTRACT The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL) is mutated in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCC), leading to the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated gene transcription. Several VHL/HIF targets, such as glycolysis, angiogenesis, cell growth, and chemotaxis of tumor cells, have been implicated in the transformed phenotype of RCC-regulating properties. Here, we show that VHL suppresses key features of cell transformation through downregulation of the HIF-dependent expression of activin B, a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily. Activin B expression is repressed by restoration of VHL in VHL-deficient RCC cells and upregulated by hypoxia. RCC tumor samples show increased expression of activin B compared to that in the normal kidney. VHL increases cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, promotes cell flattening, and reduces invasiveness. These effects are completely phenocopied by RNA interference-mediated knockdown of activin B and reverted by treatment with recombinant activin B. Finally, knockdown of activin B reduces tumor growth of RCC cells in nude mice. Our data indicate that activin B is a key mediator of VHL/HIF-induced transformation in RCC.

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8

Ong, Lynette. "Multiple Principals and Collective Action: China's Rural Credit Cooperatives and Poor Households' Access to Credit." Journal of East Asian Studies 6, no. 2 (August 2006): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800002290.

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Ample empirical evidence suggests that Rural Credit Cooperatives (RCCs), which are the core credit institutions in rural China, are not accountable to their member households. This article argues that this conundrum can be explained by an institutional analysis of the credit cooperatives using the multiple principals-agent framework: the credit cooperatives as agents are accountable to multiple heterogeneous principals—with multiple conflicting objectives. The multiple principals are (1) the County RCC Unions, which exercise control using the evaluation criteria on which the remuneration of grassroots RCC officers is assessed; (2) local party secretaries, who exert influence through top personnel appointment and dismissal in the credit cooperatives; and (3) member households, which are a “collective” principal. In a multiple-principals scenario, the “collective” principal has weaker control over the agents due to the “collective action” problem.

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9

Mohammed, Maisa Hashem, and Nagwa Abd El-Sadek Ahmed. "Significance of Immunohistochemical Expression of Survivin in Renal Cell Carcinoma." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology 6, no. 3 (August 12, 2021): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2021.6.3.201-205.

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Background: Evasion of apoptosis is an essential alteration for cellular genetic mutation. Survivin is a member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Under normal conditions, Survivin is expressed in embryonic and fetal tissues and markedly diminished in mature, differentiated adult tissues. Survivin was found to be re-expressed in multiple solid and hematological human malignant neoplasms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of Survivin in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and to find statistically significant associations between Survivin and the tested Clinicopathological parameters.Methods: 39 patients with RCCs who underwent nephrectomy were included in the study. From each RCC specimen, two tissue sections were obtained; one was stained by H&E stain to determine both RCC phenotype and Fuhrman’s nuclear grades. The second tissue section was immunohistochemically stained by anti-human Survivin antibody. Results: The study revealed statistically significant associations between Survivin expression in RCC specimens and RCC histological types (p =0.002), high tumor grade (p< 0.001) and advanced tumor stage (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The study revealed that Survivin is positively correlated to poorly differentiated RCCs with high Fuhrman’s nuclear grade and advanced tumor stage.

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10

Et. al., A. Sharma,. "Analysis Of Steel-Rcc Composite Deck Bridge." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.497.

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: In the literature, provisions for analysis and design of steel-RCC composite deck type truss and cable-stayed bridges do not exist. A composite deck type truss bridge model is analyzed using STAAD Pro V8i software and a model with the same dimensions is tested in the laboratory. The experimental test results are used to validate the STAAD analysis results. Bottom chord strain and mid-span deflection of the composite bridge model as found from the STAAD analysis and the laboratory experiment closely tally with each other. This validates the standard STAAD analysis results. However, in the top chord member, due to shrinkage cracks in the deck slab concrete, the experimentally recorded strain is higher by about 100% than the STAAD analysis result. Shear force in studs is considerably large near supports and joints as compared to the midsection. Therefore, the design of shear studs may be carried out based on the shear forces in the studs found from the STAAD analysis. Thus it is recommended that STAAD or any other standard finite element analysis software can be used for analysis and design of the composite bridges.

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11

Sekino, Yohei, Xiangrui Han, Go Kobayashi, Takashi Babasaki, Shunsuke Miyamoto, Kohei Kobatake, Hiroyuki Kitano, et al. "BUB1B Overexpression Is an Independent Prognostic Marker and Associated with CD44, p53, and PD-L1 in Renal Cell Carcinoma." Oncology 99, no. 4 (2021): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000512446.

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Introduction: BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B encoded by BUB1B gene is a member of the spindle assembly checkpoint family. Several reports have demonstrated that overexpression of BUB1B is associated with cancer progression and prognosis. Objective: This study aims to clarify the expression and function of BUB1B in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: The expression of BUB1B was determined using immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics analysis in RCC. The effects of BUB1B knockdown on cell growth and invasion were evaluated. We analyzed the interaction between BUB1B, cancer stem cell markers, p53, and PD-L1 in RCC. Results: In 121 cases of RCC, immunohistochemistry showed that 30 (25%) of the RCC cases were positive for BUB1B. High BUB1B expression was significantly correlated with high nuclear grade, T stage, and M stage. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the high expression of BUB1B was associated with poor overall survival after nephrectomy. High BUB1B expression was associated with CD44, p53, and PD-L1 in RCC. Knockdown of BUB1B suppressed cell growth and invasion in RCC cell lines. Knockdown of BUB1B also suppressed the expression of CD44 and increased the expression of phospho-p53 (Ser15). In silico analysis showed that BUB1B was associated with inflamed CD8+, exhausted T-cell signature, IFN-γ signature, and the response to nivolumab. Conclusion: These results suggest that BUB1B plays an oncogenic role and may be a promising predictive biomarker for survival in RCC.

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12

Sapate, Mr Vishal M., and Mr Nikhil S. Jadhav. "Comparative Study on Damage Index of RCC Frame Considering Fiber Discretization Technique." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 1420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45492.

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Abstract: Damage indices which take into account both maximum deformation and cyclic effects were developed by Park and Ang. In the field of structural engineering, it’s observed that the Park and Ang damage index is mostly used for RCC structure. The damage index parameter assessed based on plastic hinge approach which is not effective to consider the coupled response between axial force and flexural moment especially in nonlinear domain. The accurate damage evaluations of structure are depending on other parameter such as, accurate modelling of frame, selection ground motion records. Masonry infill walls are widely used as partitions all over the world. Commonly masonry walls are not considered in the damage evaluation process because they are supposed to act as non-structural members or elements. Fiber discretization technique is used to consider inelastic behaviors of member. Single strut is model as infill wall in multidirectional. Results obtained from this study show that the accuracy of damage index totally depends on damage parameter consideration and modeling of building. The coupled effects give more realistic damage of structure as compared with other damage parameters.

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13

Sun, Jijian, Shijie Pan, Hongquan Cui, and Hao Li. "CircRNA SCARB1 Promotes Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression Via Mir- 510-5p/SDC3 Axis." Current Cancer Drug Targets 20, no. 6 (July 7, 2020): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009620666200409130032.

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Background: Emerging studies have indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in the development of many tumors. CircRNA-scavenger receptor class B member 1 (Circ-SCARB1) was consistently reported as an elevated circRNA in RCC tissues. This study focused on examining the biological function and molecular mechanism of circSCARB1 in RCC progression. Methods: Expressions of Circ-SCARB1, microRNA (miR)-510-5p, and syndecan 3 (SDC3) were detected using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or western blot. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3, 5-diphenytetrazoliumromide and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell migration and invasion were measured using Transwell assays. The interaction between miR-510-5p and Circ-SCARB1 or SDC3 was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assays. Results: Circ-SCARB1 was elevated in 30 pairs of RCC tissues and multiple RCC cell lines. Knockdown of Circ-SCARB1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing cell apoptosis. MiR-510-5p was confirmed to be a target of Circ-SCARB1; inhibition of cell progression by silencing Circ-SCARB1 was mediated by a direct interaction between Circ-SCARB1 and miR-510-5p. SDC3 was verified to be a gene target of miR-510-5p; transfection of miR-510-5p mimic not only suppressed the expression of SDC3 but also the cell proliferation and an SDC3 cotransfection partially restored cell proliferation. Additionally, the genetic knockdown of Circ- SCARB1 reduced the expression SDC3, and the addition of anti-miR-510-5p could partially reelevate SDC3 expression. Conclusion: Circ-SCARB1 promotes RCC progression via sequestering miR-510-5p and indirectly up-regulating SDC3 expression. This provides a novel perspective for the pathogenesis of RCC and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of RCC.

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Alam, M. S., M. Arifuzzaman, M. K. Islam, A. F. Al-Fuhaid, and A. Al-Mamun. "Sustainable Solution for Deteriorated and Aged RCC Structures: A Review of Buildings, Bridges and Pavements." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1026, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1026/1/012009.

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Abstract Sustainability is an important topic worldwide. The sustainable design will reduce the consumption of energy, water, land and raw materials. This ought to be taken into account when designing new structures and strengthening and renovating of existing deteriorated structures. This paper deals with the sustainable solution for the strengthening and renovating of the deteriorated or impaired structures. This is usually done through the use of FRP strips / sheets or bars that is bonded outside the member. Many researches have been conducted on this technique to observe its behaviour and ultimate strength. The materials used in research are steel, glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP), aramid fibre reinforced polymer (AFRP) sheets or bars. These were used as side bonding, U-jacketing and wrapping of the members. A significant improvement in strength was observed in the strengthened members. Accordingly, these techniques have been suggested as a sustainable solution. Based on the investigations, different countries propose different design codes and standards. Some of them provide reliable predictions, but more research is needed for an accurate and consistent predictive model.

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Ye, Hong, Shuming Qin, Ning Li, Min Lin, Yanmei Xu, and Xiaomei Li. "A Rare Partner of TFE3 in the Xp11 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Analyses and Detection of MED15-TFE3 Fusion." BioMed Research International 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5974089.

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Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a member of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF) family, is a rare renal tumor characterized by different translocations involving the TFE3 gene. Here, we reported a case of Xp11 translocation RCC with a rare MED15-TFE3 gene fusion by RNA sequencing. Morphologically, the tumor cells were arranged in a solid and small nest pattern. The cytoplasm was voluminous, flocculent eosinophilic, and vacuolated. The nuclei were round or polygon with fine granular chromatin, and the nucleoli were unconspicuous. Psammoma bodies were observed in mesenchyma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffuse moderately or strongly positive for CD10, P504S, vimentin, PAX8, RCC, AE1/AE3, and SDHB and focally positive for CK7 and CA IX while negative for cathepsin K, HMB45, Melan-A, Ksp-cadherin, and CD117. The Ki67 proliferation index was approximately 3%. However, TFE3 labeling showed an uncertainly weak nuclear staining and been considered negative. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated a positive result that splits signals with a distance of > 2 signal diameters. Subsequently, RNA sequencing confirmed a fusion of MED15 gene exon 11 on chromosome 22 with TFE3 gene exon 6 in the tumor. The patient was alive with no evidence of recurrence. Our report contributes to the understanding on MED15-TFE3 RCC.

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16

Lin, Tsung-Chieh. "DDX3X is Epigenetically Repressed in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Serves as a Prognostic Indicator and Therapeutic Target in Cancer Progression." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8 (April 20, 2020): 2881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082881.

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DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 3, X-linked (DDX3X) is a member of the DEAD-box family of RNA helicases whose function has been revealed to be involved in RNA metabolism. Recent studies further indicate the abnormal expression in pan-cancers and the relevant biological effects on modulating cancer progression. However, DDX3X’s role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression remains largely unknown. In this study, a medical informatics-based analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was performed to evaluate clinical prognoses related to DDX3X. The results suggest that DDX3X is epigenetically repressed in tumor tissue and that lower DDX3X is correlated with the poor overall survival of RCC patients and high tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis (TNM staging system). Furthermore, knowledge-based transcriptomic analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that the SPINK1-metallothionein pathway is a top 1-repressed canonical signaling pathway by DDX3X. Furthermore, SPINK1 and the metallothionein gene family all serve as poor prognostic indicators, and the expression levels of those genes are inversely correlated with DDX3X in RCC. Furthermore, digoxin was identified via Connectivity Map analysis (L1000) for its capability to reverse gene signatures in patients with low DDX3X. Importantly, cancer cell proliferation and migration were decreased upon digoxin treatment in RCC cells. The results of this study indicate the significance of the DDX3Xlow/SPINK1high/metallothioneinhigh axis for predicting poor survival outcome in RCC patients and suggest digoxin as a precise and personalized compound for curing those patients with low DDX3X expression levels.

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17

Seeram, Madhuri, and Pramod Kumar. "Free Vibration Analysis of Symmetric and Asymmetric RCC Structures." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1273, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1273/1/012010.

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Abstract Symmetric and asymmetric structures behave differently under external loads even though they are of an equal number of stories or equal in dimensions. It is necessary to estimate the dynamic properties of the asymmetric structures carefully to avoid failure. Modal analysis for symmetric and asymmetric multi-storied reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is very essential to assess the dynamic characteristics of the structure. The plan asymmetric buildings with the shift of core from a central position to different positions and vertical asymmetry with the mass variation in vertical direction and setback stories are considered for the present study. Flexural beam elements are modelled to represent the columns. Two translations i.e., longitudinal, and transverse displacements of the building and rotation about the vertical axis of the structure are taken as global degrees of freedom at each node. The distance between the mass center and stiffness centre on each floor is taken as eccentricity. A finite element model is developed using MATLAB code to estimate the natural frequencies. Different RCC structures of 5 to 20-storied buildings are modelled by developing global stiffness and mass matrices based on the member connectivity. Eigen-value technique is used to estimate the natural frequencies. From the study it is observed that the natural period in asymmetric structures is found more than the symmetric building. The structure with setback also showed larger natural period.

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Islahuddin, Muhammad, R. K. Khare, and Amit Melani. "Non Linear Seismic Behavior of RCC Low Rise Flat Slab Building." Journal of Structural Technology 7, no. 3 (December 6, 2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jost.2022.v07i03.004.

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The Building behaves nonlinearly as a result of both man-made and natural risks. Flat slab construction has several advantages over traditional RC frame construction. This work examines the progressive collapse analysis of a flat slab structure using a non-linear static analysis approach known as pushover analysis. In this sort of study, a computer model of a structure is exposed to a preset lateral load pattern. The modeling of a structure is done by software named ETABS, and pushover analysis is done. By doing this pushover analysis, we can identify the weak points in the structure and decide whether the specific portion of the building should be retrofitted or changed to satisfy the requirements. Pushover analysis is conducted in both positive and negative x and y directions. For each member, default hinge parameters based on the FEMA-356 and Applied Technology Council (ATC-40) criteria are applied.

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Grigoriev, Ivan S. "Why Dismiss a Good Case? Origins of the “Positive Inadmissibility” Practice and its Rationale in the Russian Constitutional Court." Russian Politics 5, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 375–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/24518921-00504001.

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Abstract The Russian Constitutional Court (RCC) has over time developed a practice of adopting so-called “Positive inadmissibility decisions” (Pozitivnoe Opredelenie) which complements (but also undermines) the existent formal procedure of only delivering decisions on merits with Judgments (Postanovlenie). The paper explores the uses of this peculiar practice. I show that the Positive inadmissibility doctrine is used by the Court to overcome the rigidity of the formal procedure where this is necessary for reasons of inter- or intra-organizational expediency. To do that I construct and analyze quantitatively a unique comprehensive dataset of all decisions handed down by the RCC in 1995–2015. I show that “Positive inadmissibility decisions” are handed whenever a subpar case is deemed too important to be simply dismissed: in particular, if it is submitted by a powerful petitioner, or when the case is assigned to a longer serving member of the Court for judicial report.

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Naseri, Mir Rahman, and Balwinder Singh. "Seismic analysis of hybrid structures with and without shear walls." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012045.

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Abstract A hybrid structure is one that combines more than two different types of materials to compensate for weak places while also maximizing strength. Hybrid steel and concrete frameworks, as well as other modern materials, are unified at the member or framework unit. Hybrid structures are frequent in high-rise and super-high-rise building projects, and they provide the benefit of cost savings. Shear walls are built to withstand lateral loadings like earthquakes and winds loads. The response spectrum analysis approach is frequently used to measure design stresses for earthquake-prone structures. The modelling and analysis of the regular plan structures are done by CSI ETABS 2019 in IV seismic zones, on type II (medium soil) of India According to IS 1893 (Part-1) 2016. The aims of this study Response spectrum analysis of 41 storey RCC and hybrid structures with shear walls and without shear walls are compared. RCC and hybrid structures with shear walls showed lower storey displacement, storey drift, and story shear values than RCC and hybrid structures without shear walls, according to the results of this study. The research results will be helpful as a reference and a tool for seismic analysis of hybrid structures.

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Dancer, Jane Y., Luan D. Truong, Qihui Zhai, and Steven S. Shen. "Expression of Galectin-3 in Renal Neoplasms: A Diagnostic, Possible Prognostic Marker." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2008-0392-oar1.1.

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Abstract Context. Galectin-3, a member of the lectin family, was shown to be expressed in normal distal tubular cells and in renal cell carcinomas (RCC). However, its diagnostic and prognostic significance in RCC is as yet undefined. Objectives. To describe the expression of Galectin-3 among different histologic subtypes of renal neoplasms and to determine their diagnostic and prognostic significances. Design. The expression of Galectin-3 was evaluated in 217 renal neoplasms by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry with semiquantitative analysis. Results. Strong expression of Galectin-3 was observed in 92 of 217 of renal neoplasms (42.4%). Although 22 of 23 oncocytomas (95.7%) and 19 of 21 chromophobe RCCs (90.5%) express Galectin-3, only 4 of 32 papillary RCCs (12.5%) and 47 of 137 clear cell RCCs (34.3%) express Galectin-3, suggesting that it may be used as a potential diagnostic marker. Galectin-3 expression was seen in 55% of high-grade (Fuhrman nuclear grades 3 and 4) versus 21% low-grade (grades 1 and 2) clear cell RCCs (P < .001). Conclusions. This study confirms that Galactin-3 is strongly overexpressed in renal cell neoplasms of distal tubular differentiation, that is, oncocytoma and chromophobe RCCs, suggesting it might be used as a possible differential diagnostic tool for renal cell neoplasm with oncocytic or granular cells. Furthermore, we observed a strong association of overexpression of Galectin-3 and high nuclear grade in clear cell RCC. These results also suggest a possible pivotal role for Galectin-3 in the differentiation and prognosis of clear cell RCC.

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Pathan, Abdullah Faruque, and Kavita Golghate. "R.C.C Shell Structure Design of Selected Head Cap Shape." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 8 (August 31, 2023): 906–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55273.

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Abstract: A shell structure is a thin structure composed of curved sheets of material, so that Shell structures are inspired from natural element named “SHELL”. A thin curved member or slab usually of reinforced concrete that function as tension member and shell. The waviness plays an important role in the structural behavior realizing a spatial form. Some of natural elements like eggshell, seashell, fruit shells (walnut) etc are showing shell structure properties. The present reinforced concrete shells as a very efficient structure, spanning wide, architectonically beautiful, relevant and valuable structural solution. Shell structures are very attractive lightweight structures, which are especially suited to Architectural building, industrial application, commercial projects etc.. The actual design of shells, involves theories of shells and the use of appropriate codes of practice. Types of curved shell like Parabolic, Hyperbolic or Cylindrical members are often said to act as tension rigidity hence called tensile members. For achieving the optimized load capability and flexural strength of such an element in form of shell covering structure is checked in for M30 grade concrete. Tensile shell members are structural edifice that caries only tension and without buckling or bending. Tensile structures are the most common type of thin-shell structures used worldwide from past decades. The profile and aspect of structure used are unlike for loading conditions, geographical locations and Architecture design differs as such as horizontal, sloping or curved member (dome and shell member). In this research work the tensile shell (plate) structure is designed in the form of beam and as grid shell slab element (plate). After then load has been applied for analysis via software tool i.e. STAAD Pro. The types of load assigned dead and live loads. The Design code specifications for curved shell member in IS: 2210–1994, IS 2204-1962 “Code of practice for construction of reinforced concrete shell roof” [CED 13: Building Construction Practices including Painting, Varnishing and Allied Finishing] and the load case criteria is to be as per IS: 875(2)–2000. RCC design specifications as per IS: 456–2000

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Mundra, Sanjay, T. V. G. Reddy, Nitish Kumar, Shivang Bansal, and P. N. Ojha. "A Case Study on Condition Assessment of Fire-Damaged RC Members of Turbo- Generator." Journal of Asian Concrete Federation 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18702/acf.2022.6.8.1.26.

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Many researchers across the globe have carried out fire safety risk analysis to gather evidence and pertinent data for different Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) members exposed to fire. Assessment of fire-damaged structures furnishes the minute details of the effect of fire on the properties of concrete.The study indicates the condition assessment of the turbo-generator (TG) unit, comprises of concrete bearing pedestals, deck and supporting columns. The research was conducted using Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques using Rebound hammer test, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test, Concrete Cover measurement, Carbonation and Crack depth measurements followed by microstructural studies using an X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Optical Microscope (OM), and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP). The samples were taken from a fire-damaged concrete bearing pedestal B2 and a non-fire-damaged concrete bearing pedestal B4 of the TG unit. The approach enabled us to find the extent of damage to the RCC members exposed to fire. The above mentioned test witnessed that the concrete bearing pedestal B2 was the moderately distressed member, expressed doubtful quality of concrete, higher porosity, reduced residual compressive strength and reduction in yield strength of steel. However minor distress in form of crushing at the top grout portion was observed in concrete bearing pedestal B4, and no apparent distress was observed in supporting columns of TG unit. Based on the distress identified, repair and remedial measures were proposed to concrete bearing pedestals in order to improve the performance of the TG unit.

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Subramani, T., and D. Ananthi. "Seismic Response and Analysis of RCC Block Shear Wall in Assymetric Building Using ETABS." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.10 (July 15, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.10.15639.

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Shear wall is the structural member which with stand the horizontal or lateral forces. The structures are subjected to dynamic loading which have an effect on in general. Our proposed plan is to save you the structural deformation because of dynamic loading. While partitions are situated in tremendous positions in a constructing, they may be very efficient in resisting lateral masses originating from wind or earthquakes. This paper provides designated analyses of experimental and analytical has accomplished end result has generated. Our undertaking focuses on reading the impact of twist, as a system-stage impact, on the displacement and strength demands of the building’s separate seismic force resisting system (SFRS) wall components. The look at evaluates the individual wall contributions to the overall building response characteristics within both the elastic and the inelastic reaction phases.

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Singh, Krishna Pal. "Comparative Parametric Analysis of Opening Area Usage of Shear Wall in Different Percentages Relating to Wall Area Used for Multistorey Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38821.

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Abstract: It is highly recommend that the structure should be efficient in terms of the cost in diverse manner. To reduce the overall cost of the project, the cost cutting should be done in every construction stages. The dual systems in building structure consist of structural walls and moment resisting frames. The structural wall members are made up of RCC, which is a costly structural member. The purpose of current study is to explore the reduction in shear wall area in multi-storey building for reduction of overall project cost. Total 5 buildings abbreviated as SOA, SOB, SOC, SOD and SOE framed in analytical software supposed to be situated at Seismic Zone III. After the comparative result analysis, it proves that, the reduction in shear wall area should be adapted to a certain limit due to load transfer criteria of the members 20 % wall deduction is sufficient. Building SOD with 80% coverage performs best of all. Keywords: Deduction Area, Earthquake Effects, Opening Area, Shear Wall, Response spectrum, Wall Area Reduction, Wall Deduction Ratio.

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26

Claeys, Liesel, Sarah De Saeger, Ghislaine Scelo, Carine Biessy, Corinne Casagrande, Genevieve Nicolas, Michael Korenjak, et al. "Mycotoxin Exposure and Renal Cell Carcinoma Risk: An Association Study in the EPIC European Cohort." Nutrients 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 3581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173581.

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Background: Mycotoxins have been suggested to contribute to a spectrum of adverse health effects in humans, including at low concentrations. The recognition of these food contaminants being carcinogenic, as co-occurring rather than as singularly present, has emerged from recent research. The aim of this study was to assess the potential associations of single and multiple mycotoxin exposures with renal cell carcinoma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods: Food questionnaire data from the EPIC cohort were matched to mycotoxin food occurrence data compiled by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) from European Member States to assess long-term dietary mycotoxin exposures, and to associate these with the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC, n = 911 cases) in 450,112 EPIC participants. Potential confounding factors were taken into account. Analyses were conducted using Cox’s proportional hazards regression models to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) with mycotoxin exposures expressed as µg/kg body weight/day. Results: Demographic characteristics differed between the RCC cases and non-cases for body mass index, age, alcohol intake at recruitment, and other dietary factors. In addition, the mycotoxin exposure distributions showed that a large proportion of the EPIC population was exposed to some of the main mycotoxins present in European foods such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and derivatives, fumonisins, Fusarium toxins, Alternaria toxins, and total mycotoxins. Nevertheless, no statistically significant associations were observed between the studied mycotoxins and mycotoxin groups, and the risk of RCC development. Conclusions: These results show an absence of statistically significant associations between long-term dietary mycotoxin exposures and RCC risk. However, these results need to be validated in other cohorts and preferably using repeated dietary exposure measurements. In addition, more occurrence data of, e.g., citrinin and fumonisins in different food commodities and countries in the EFSA database are a prerequisite to establish a greater degree of certainty.

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Kayagaki, Nobuhiko, Noriko Yamaguchi, Masafumi Nakayama, Hiroshi Eto, Ko Okumura, and Hideo Yagita. "Type I Interferons (IFNs) Regulate Tumor Necrosis Factor–related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Expression on Human T Cells: A Novel Mechanism for the Antitumor Effects of Type I IFNs." Journal of Experimental Medicine 189, no. 9 (May 3, 1999): 1451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.189.9.1451.

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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a proapoptotic member of the TNF family of type II membrane proteins, which constitutes one component of T cell cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of TRAIL in human peripheral blood T (PBT) cells. Although freshly isolated PBT cells did not express a detectable level of TRAIL on their surface, a remarkable TRAIL expression was rapidly induced on the surface of both CD4+ and CD8+ PBT cells upon stimulation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and type I interferons (IFNs). This enhancement of TRAIL expression was a unique feature of type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β), and neither type II IFN (IFN-γ) nor various other cytokines enhanced TRAIL expression on anti-CD3–stimulated PBT cells. Type I IFNs have been used for clinical treatment of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), and we found that most RCC cell lines were susceptible to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Type I IFNs substantially augmented cytotoxic activity of anti-CD3–stimulated PBT cells against RCC cell lines in a TRAIL-dependent manner. These results indicate a unique feature of type I IFNs to regulate TRAIL-mediated T cell cytotoxicity, which may be involved in the antitumor effects of type I IFNs against various tumors.

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Li, Jiao, Danny S. Gallant, Ananthan Sadagopan, Bingchen Li, Qingru Xu, and Srinivas R. Viswanathan. "Abstract PR013: An integrative genomics approach converges on a critical OXPHOS program driven by MiT/TFE fusions in translocation renal cell carcinoma." Cancer Research 83, no. 16_Supplement (August 15, 2023): PR013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.kidney23-pr013.

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Abstract Translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) that represents 1-5% of kidney cancer in adults. Biologically, tRCC is driven by rearrangements that involve a member of the MiT/TFE transcription factor gene family, most commonly TFE3. There are currently no molecularly-targeted therapies specific to tRCC, owing in part to an incomplete mechanistic understanding of precisely how MiT/TFE gene fusions exert their oncogenic function. In prior work, we leveraged “histologic overlap” between tRCC and other RCC subtypes to identify tRCC cases from across multiple genomic, clinical trial, and retrospective RCC datasets, with the goal of defining the molecular landscape of this disease. Here, by analyzing pathways selectively activated in tRCC relative to other RCC subtypes in this aggregate dataset, we observed that tRCCs display strong enrichment for genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), reactive oxidative species (ROS) sensing, and the response to oxidative stress mediated by the transcription factor NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived2-like 2 [NFE2L2]). We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-Seq) on a panel of tRCC and clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) cell lines, using antibodies against TFE3 as well as the active enhancer mark H3K27ac. We found that tRCC cell lines display a distinctive epigenomic profile characterized by activation of a host of genes involved in driving OXPHOS as well as NRF2 signaling. We further found that TFE3 fusions and NRF2 physically interact and genomically co-localize at multiple genes critical for mediating the response to antioxidant stress, suggesting that this metabolic phenotype is transcriptionally driven by TFE3 fusions. Genome-scale CRISPR screening in tRCC cell lines subsequently revealed tRCC-selective vulnerabilities in components of the OXPHOS machinery and in the NRF2 pathway, a distinction from most other kidney cancers in which aerobic glycolysis predominates. Overall, our genomic and functional studies implicate an essential transcriptional program driven by TFE3 fusions that converges on activation of the OXPHOS and NRF2 pathways. These molecular features provide mechanistic rationale for exploring the therapeutic targeting of OXPHOS and/or redox homeostasis pathways in tRCC. Citation Format: Jiao Li, Danny S. Gallant, Ananthan Sadagopan, Bingchen Li, Qingru Xu, Srinivas R. Viswanathan. An integrative genomics approach converges on a critical OXPHOS program driven by MiT/TFE fusions in translocation renal cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Kidney Cancer Research; 2023 Jun 24-27; Austin, Texas. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(16 Suppl):Abstract nr PR013.

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Sivanantham, Pradeep, Deepak Pugazhlendi, Beulah Gnana Ananthi Gurupatham, and Krishanu Roy. "Influence of Steel Fiber and Carbon Fiber Mesh on Plastic Hinge Length of RCC Beams under Monotonic Loading." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6120374.

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The most susceptible area of a structural member, where the most inelastic rotation would take place, is the plastic hinge. At this stage, flexural elements in particular achieve their maximal bending flexibility. This study uses finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental inquiry to analyze and test the effects of carbon fiber mesh jacketing and steel fiber reinforcement at the concrete beam’s plastic hinge length subjected to a vertical monotonic load. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength tests are used to evaluate the mechanical qualities, such as compressive strength and tensile strength, of M25 grade concrete that is used to cast specimens. While conducting this analysis, seven different parameters are taken into account. After the conventional concrete beam has been cast, the steel-fiber reinforced beam is cast. Several empirical formulas drawn from Baker, Sawyer, Corley, Mattock, Paulay, Priestley, and Park’s methods were used to calculate the length of the beam’s plastic hinge. Finally, the steel fiber was inserted independently at 150 mm into the concrete beam’s plastic hinge length mechanism using the techniques described by Paulay and Priestley. The analytical and experimental results are compared. The results obtained from the investigations by applying monotonic loads to the beam show that fibers used at specific plastic hinge lengths show a 41 kN ultimate load with 11.63 mm displacement, which is similar to that of conventional beam displacement, and performance. Meanwhile, the carbon fiber mesh wrapped throughout the beam behaves better than other members, showing an ultimate load of 64 kN with a 15.95 mm deflection. The fibers provided at the plastic hinge length of the beam perform similarly to those of a conventional beam; eventually, they become economical without sacrificing strength.

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30

Sutherland, Michael R., Ayo Y. Simon, Katherine Serrano, Peter Schubert, Jason Acker, and Ed L. G. Pryzdial. "Persistence Of Dengue Virus In Stored Platelets and Red Blood Cells." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2397.2397.

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Abstract Dengue virus (DENV), a single stranded RNA member of the Flavivirus family, is responsible for morbidity and mortality, causes ∼50 million infections annually, exists at a relatively high asymptomatic number in blood and is transfusion-transmitted. It is therefore a significant risk to blood systems globally. Universal pathogen inactivation (PI) of platelets and plasma promises to eventually eradicate DENV from blood systems, however, approval of PI in North America has been complicated as some patients may develop respiratory distress and clinical efficacy is currently being further evaluated. Moreover, the technology for PI red cells and whole blood is only in early development with a phase III clinical trial underway. While these studies will ultimately protect the blood system, it is currently unknown whether DENV can maintain its viability or even replicate under the various conditions of stored cellular blood products. Therefore, we investigated the persistence of DENV in platelet (PC) and red blood cell concentrates (RCC) throughout storage under standard blood bank conditions. Purified DENV particles (serotypes 1-4), were produced by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of infected Vero cell supernatants. To mimic the approximate DENV concentration known to circulate at an asymptomatic level, purified virus at 105 plaque forming units/ml was spiked into donor-derived, leukoreduced PC or RCC obtained under institutionally approved informed consent and produced by Canadian Blood Services standard operating procedures at the Network Centre for Applied Development. All units were free of bacterial contamination after production as determined by the BacT/Alert microbial detection system. Following inoculation, the PCs were stored for up to 7 days on an industry-approved rocker at 22oC, while RCC were stored for 42 days at 1-6oC. Platelet and RBC were sampled antiseptically daily or weekly (respectively) through side couplers added to the product bags. Each DENV serotype was detected using cytolytic plaque assays immediately following inoculation of platelets or RBC demonstrating the presence of infectious virus. However, possibly due to the 22oC storage conditions, viable DENV underwent logarithmic inactivation in platelet units by Day 1 post inoculation. Nevertheless, between 1-5% of the initial infectious DENV added was detected up to Day 7. This was in contrast to purified DENV in the absence of cells, suggesting virus replication in or protection by the donor platelets. The presence of DENV1-4 was confirmed by quantitative rtPCR, which showed that the DENV RNA genome was replicated with a peak at Day 3 by as much as 7-fold, with continued detection throughout the 7 day platelet storage period. These observations are consistent with platelets having known translational machinery to produce protein from mRNA. Analysis of the RBCs by plaque assays showed viable DENV throughout the 42 day storage period, consistent with stabilization of the virus at 1-6oC. Interestingly, even though RBCs do not have the ability to translate mRNA, evidence of virus replication was observed, possibly due to the presence of residual white blood cells in the leukoreduced RBC products. The possibility that Dengue viruses or other RNA viruses may persist and replicate in cellular blood products highlights the need to hasten the development and implementation of universal pathogen inactivation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Khalid, Khandker Mohammad, Wishrawana S. Ratnayake, Christopher A. Apostolatos, Luke Lajmi, Sloan Breedy, Nuzhat N. Oishee, and Mildred Acevedo-Duncan. "Abstract 158: A combination therapy of atypical protein kinase C inhibitors and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor reduces resistance & invasiveness in renal cell carcinoma (RCC)." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-158.

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Abstract Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer (85%) of which 75% of the cases involve conventional clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Choice of treatments recommended for clear cell carcinoma and non-clear cell carcinoma are partial nephrectomy (Stage I), radical nephrectomy (Stage II and III) and chemotherapy (stage IV). Phosphatidylinositol-3- kinase (PI3K) inhibitors can be a viable candidate in the chemotherapy of ccRCC as the PI3K/PDK1 pathway is frequently activated in RCC. Hence, PI3K inhibitors like Alpelisib (BYL 719) can be a choice of treatment. In addition, aPKCs, PKC ί/λ and PKC ζ are overexpressed in most cancer cells and play a central role in tumor progression and metastasis of different type of cancers. Treatment of ccRCC metastatic clear cells with a combination of aPKC inhibitor [8-hydroxynaphthalene-1, 3, 6-trisulfonic acid] ζ-stat, or ICA-1 and BYL 719 inhibits PKC ί/λ and PKC ζ with the downstream inhibition of c-Myc (a major protein controlling cell survival and cell cycle progression in RCC). Inhibition of the aPKCs (PKC ί/λ and PKC ζ) also reduces the activation of other important proteins, for example, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2). It is observed that treatment with ζ-stat, or ICA-1 disrupts the aPKC-AKT1 association which in turns reduces the activation of AKT1 through phosphorylation. ζ-stat, or ICA-1 treatment also disrupts association between aPKC and c-Myc. Inhibition of aPKCs and other downstream effector proteins by combination therapy is more pronounced compared to the single therapy. These effects contribute to reduced cell growth, cell survival and eventually induction of apoptosis. Boyden Chamber assay also suggested that there is decreased invasiveness of the cells when treated with the combination treatment. This can be due to the inactivation of both ERK1/2 and AKT by the combination treatment. In addition, efflux proteins, (p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2), responsible for developing cell resistance, had reduced expression in the cells when treated with ζ-stat as a single therapy along with the combination of Alpelisib and ζ-stat. Hence, combination therapy of Alpelisib and an aPKC inhibitor for metastatic ccRCC can reduce expression of multi drug resistance (MDR) proteins/efflux transporter P-gp and ABCG2. Therefore, a combination of Alpelisib and an aPKC inhibitor is an effective approach to reducing cell proliferation, invasion and resistance eventually inducing apoptosis. Citation Format: Khandker Mohammad Khalid, Wishrawana S. Ratnayake, Christopher A. Apostolatos, Luke Lajmi, Sloan Breedy, Nuzhat N. Oishee, Mildred Acevedo-Duncan. A combination therapy of atypical protein kinase C inhibitors and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor reduces resistance & invasiveness in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 158.

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32

Shah, Rinky, Sanjay K.C, Shubhanshu Kumar Bhagat, Srijana Chaudhary, Subash Pokharel, and Yogesh Yadav. "A State-of-The-Art Technical Review on Seismic Resilience of Rcc Structural Components Using Seismic Resistance Based Retrofitting Techniques." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 8, no. 1 (June 23, 2023): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55909.

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Existing buildings can be at a greater seismic risk due to non-conformance to current design codes and may require structural retrofitting to improve building performance. The most recent example of that can be seen from the 2015 AD earthquake in Nepal and other sub continental regions, where numbers of buildings were destroyed with more fatal consequences have drawn the attention of the government authorities of Nepal and the general public for seismic earthquake resistance design of buildings. Following the post seismic assessment of building in Nepal after 2015 earthquake, it is revealed that the existing reinforced concrete buildings have some inadequacies in structural components and thus the intensive research and study is required to for the better understanding of the structure in terms of immediate consequences due to direct damage and way to recovery using seismic retrofit assessment. This paper presents an overview on performance based evaluation of retrofitted rcc structural member using some advanced retrofitting techniques which is innovative and can be cost effective retrofitting strategies demanding less skilled man power. It is concluded that better seismic resilience can be achieved with the help of innovative methods with the application of innovative materials like textile mortars and fibers. In the following sections a review of experimental flexural loading on beam is presented.

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33

Liao, Chengheng, Liwei Jia, Hua Zhong, Lianxin Hu, Payal Kapur, James Brugarolas, and Qing Zhang. "Abstract 2600: BBOX1 is a novel tumor suppressor in kidney cancer." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-2600.

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Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common type of cancer with a steady increase in new cases and deaths for the past several decades while its development is not fully understood. We previously identified the γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase 1 (BBOX1), a member of the 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase family whereas functionally uncharacterized previously in human cancers, plays a vital oncogenic role in triple-negative breast cancer. However, the role of BBOX1 in other cancers such as kidney cancer remains unclear. We found that BBOX1 is a highly context-dependent enzyme, reflected by its expression only detected in a few organs such as kidney. Intriguingly, according to our immunohistochemistry staining results and the data from The Human Protein Atlas database, BBOX1 is only expressed in the proximal tubule cells where clear cell RCC (ccRCC, the most common form of kidney cancer) derives from, indicating a connection of BBOX1 with kidney malignant transformation. In this study, we investigated the BBOX1 mRNA and protein expression in paired normal and tumor ccRCC patient samples from the UTSW Kidney Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) program, as well as patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) or Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), which consistently showed that BBOX1 is remarkably downregulated in the ccRCC patient tumors compared to normal kidneys, and its low expression associates with worse prognosis in ccRCC patients. Furthermore, expression of BBOX1 was highly presented in the human primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) while robustly suppressed after malignant transformation of the RPTEC cells. These data suggest a pathological loss of BBOX1 during RCC progression. Restoration of BBOX1 in multiple human ccRCC cell lines suppressed xenograft tumor growth in mice but not in the 2D in vitro growth with normal tissue culture conditions, suggesting BBOX1 plays an important role in ccRCC tumor development. By comparing the gene expression profiles from transcriptomics analyses in the control or BBOX1 overexpression samples either from xenograft tumors or cells grown in normal 2D culture, we found that BBOX1 suppresses the mTORC1 signaling only in the in vivo condition. Interestingly, we could recapitulate this phenomenon by culturing the control or BBOX1 overexpression ccRCC cells in a physiologic medium but not the standard cell culture medium. These data suggested BBOX1 may regulate the mTORC1 signaling depending on the nutrient status of the tumor cells. Overall, we identified BBOX1 as a novel tumor suppressor in ccRCC. Citation Format: Chengheng Liao, Liwei Jia, Hua Zhong, Lianxin Hu, Payal Kapur, James Brugarolas, Qing Zhang. BBOX1 is a novel tumor suppressor in kidney cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2600.

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R., Balamuralikrishnan, and Ibrahim Shabbir Mohammedali. "Comparative Study on Two Storey Car Showroom Using Pre-engineered Building (PEB) Concept Based on British Standards and Euro Code." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 4 (April 28, 2019): 881–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091296.

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Majority of steel structures are used for low-rise single storey buildings mainly for industrial purpose. Steel structures are preferred for industrial buildings due to its higher strength to weight ratio as compare to RCC structures and steel structures also gives more free internal space by allowing long clear span between columns. Pre-engineered building (PEB) is a modern age concept of utilizing structural steel and optimizing the design by ensuring the economical integrity of the structure. The structural members are designed and fabricated in the factory under controlled environment to produce optimum sections by varying the thickness of the sections along the length of the member as per the bending moment requirement. The aim of the research paper is to analyses and design a PEB car showroom of two storey (G+1) using STAAD Pro in accordance to British standards (BS 5950-1:2000) and Euro codes (EC3 EN-1993-1) with wind and seismic analysis. In order to achieve the above aim of the project, two models of the car showroom were created namely British Standard (BS) model and Euro code (EC) model using STAAD Pro. The member property for BS model is assigned with tapered frame sections while the EC model is assigned with universal standard section frames. The load cases were assigned to the models for analysis include dead load, live load, wind load and seismic load. Wind load and seismic load being the critical dynamic loads that will be analyzed for the stability of the structure against lateral forces. The results from the analysis and design of the two models were within the allowable limits for ultimate and serviceability limit state since the internal stresses in all the members satisfies the unity check ratio requirements for both design codes. The dynamic analysis results suggest that EC model has higher resistance to seismic loading as compare to BS model since the maximum displacement with time in X-direction for EC model is 8.83 mm and for BS model is 10.5 mm. The total weight of the structure for BS model is 1125.431 kN and for EC model is 1214.315 kN, which makes EC model 7.9% heavier than BS model. Moreover, the total weight of all the portal frames for BS model is 457.26 kN and for EC model is 574.725 kN, which makes tapered frame sections to utilize and reduce the amount of steel by 25.7%. Therefore, BS model proved to be an economical model when compared to Euro code.

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Chen, Zongping, Ji Zhou, Peihuan Ye, and Ying Liang. "Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Members after Exposure to High Temperatures." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 18, 2019): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102057.

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In order to study the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) specimens after exposure to high temperatures, 120 RAC prism specimens, 57 reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RRAC) specimens, and 56 steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SRRAC) specimens were designed, involving two varying parameters such as recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage and temperature. The performance degradation of RCA materials, RRAC members, and SRRAC members after exposure to high temperatures was analyzed in depth. The research results show that after exposure to high temperatures the surface color of members may change from cinereous to gray-white. Some cracks may appear on surface of members and the mass of members may be lighter. With the increase of the experiencing temperatures, the bearing capacity (compressive, bending, and shearing) of RAC and its members are reduced, but their ductility and energy dissipation capacity have little effect on the change of high temperature. With the increase of the RCA replacement percentage, the mass loss ratio, ultimate bearing capacity, and peak deformation of each RAC and its members increase slightly, and the displacement ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the RRAC members decrease slightly. With the increase in replacement percentage of RCA, mechanical properties of RAC and their members have little effect after exposure to elevated temperatures, and the fluctuation range is within 20%.

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Peters, Inga, Natalia Dubrowinskaja, Michael Kogosov, Mahmoud Abbas, Joerg Hennenlotter, Mario W. Kramer, Ralph Scherer, Axel S. Merseburger, Markus A. Kuczyk, and Juergen Serth. "Association of reduced GATA1 mRNA expression with clinicopathology and shortened recurrence-free survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2014): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.521.

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521 Background: GATA1, a zinc-finger transcription factor and member of the GATA family proteins 1-6, is known to be involved in cell growth and apoptosis, especially in the erythroid lineage. Recent studies demonstrated that GATA1 interacts with p53 and its overexpression leads to an inhibition of the p53 gene function. Increased p53 expression levels have been shown to be associated with prognosis and tumor progression in renal cell carcinoma. Methods: Quantitative real-time reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction was applied to measure relative GATA1 mRNA expression levels in 135 kidney tissue samples, including 77 clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tissues and 58 paired adjacent normal renal tissue samples. Relative GATA1 expression levels were determined using the ΔΔCt method. Results: The mean GATA1 expression levels were significantly decreased in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001, paired t-test). In univariate logistic regression analysis decreased GATA1 mRNA expression was associated with advanced tumor disease (p = 0.005), positive status of distant metastasis (p = 0.03) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.011). Reduced GATA1 expression was associated with an increase risk of disease recurrence (p = 0.005, hazard ratio HR = 0.05). Status of distant metastasis remained also a significant independent parameter in the bivariate Cox regression model (p = 0.05, HR = 3.01). Conclusions: GATA1 mRNA expression is reduced in ccRCC and associates with a poor clinical outcome and worse clinicopathology, indicating a possible role of GATA1 in tumor development and aggressiveness of ccRCC. GATA1 could therefore serve as a new biomarker for tumor progression in ccRCC.

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Srinivasan, Surabhi, Nguyen Tan, Hsin-Yuan Cheng, Yi Zhang, Silvia Tacheva-Grigorova, Tom Van Blarcom, Cesar Sommer, Duy Nguyen, Barbra Sasu, and Siler Panowski. "Investigation of ALLO-316: A Fratricide-Resistant Allogeneic CAR T Targeting CD70 As a Potential Therapy for the Treatment of AML." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142161.

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CD70, a member of the TNF superfamily, is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that interacts with its receptor (CD27) to promote survival of primed T cells and leads to formation of effector and memory T cells. Expression of CD70 in normal tissues is restricted to activated T and B lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells. CD70 is also widely expressed in various malignancies, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The restricted expression pattern of CD70 in normal tissues makes it an attractive target for cancer therapeutics. Adoptive transfer of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an exciting new therapeutic modality showing great promise in hematologic malignancies. Approval of two CD19-targeting autologous CAR Ts, Kymriah® and Yescarta®, has been followed with promising results from BCMA autologous CAR T clinical trials, showing that activity can extend to other targets. We have previously described the functional screening of a library of anti-CD70 scFv-based CARs and the identification of lead CD70 allogeneic CAR T cells (AlloCAR TTM) with robust activity against RCC cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we evaluate the anti-tumor activity and safety of a lead CD70 AlloCAR T (ALLO-316) for the treatment of AML. CD70 expression was evaluated and detected on three AML cell lines and in six primary AML patient samples, with 5/6 patient samples showing expression on 24%-99% of cells. CD70 expression will be profiled in a broader subset of AML patients and preliminary data will be presented. Despite the expression of CD70 on activated T cells it was possible to generate CD70 AlloCAR T cells. No CD70 expression was observed on CAR T cells after generation, suggesting either cells are succumbing to fratricide or are being "masked" by the CAR. CD70 was also not detected on Jurkat cells expressing CARs and this data, in combination with results showing CAR expression is protective when overexpressed in RCC cells support the phenomenon of "masking". Cellectis' TALEN® gene-editing was used to inactivate the TRAC and CD52 loci with the intent to minimize the risk of graft-versus-host disease and to confer resistance to ALLO-647, an anti-CD52 antibody that can be used as part of the conditioning regimen to deplete host alloreactive immune cells potentially leading to increased persistence and efficacy of the infused allogeneic cells. ALLO-316 cells were highly effective at lysing CD70-expressing target cells and eliminated greater than 99% of cells at the high effector to target (E:T) ratio and were unable to lyse AML cells in which CD70 was knocked out. Moreover, ALLO-316 cells were able to kill primary AML blasts with CD70 expression ex vivo. An orthotopic in vivo model utilizing the AML cell line MV4-11 was developed and anti-tumor activity was observed. In addition to evaluating efficacy against AML cell lines and tumors we also explored potential toxicity liabilities related to ALLO-316 treatment. Previous studies have reported that certain AML tumor antigens can also be expressed on normal hematopoietic progenitors and such expression could potentially lead to toxicity with targeted therapeutics. No detectable CD70 was observed by flow cytometry on purified CD34+ cells from 14 healthy donors. Taken together, our results support clinical development of CD70 AlloCAR T therapy for the treatment of AML. Disclosures Srinivasan: Allogene Therapeutics: Current Employment. Tan:Allogene Therapeutics: Current Employment. Cheng:Allogene Therapeutics, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Zhang:Allogene Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Tacheva-Grigorova:Allogene Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Van Blarcom:Allogene Therapeutics, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Sommer:Allogene Therapeutics, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Nguyen:Allogene Therapeutics, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Sasu:Allogene Therapeutics, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Panowski:Allogene Therapeutics, Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company.

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Al Amli, Ali Sabah, Nadhir Al-Ansari, and Jan Laue. "Study Numerical Simulation of Stress-Strain Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Bar in Soil using Theoretical Models." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 11 (November 3, 2019): 2349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091416.

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Nonlinear analysis for reinforced concrete members (R.C.) with two types of bars also with unsaturated and saturated soils was used to represent the models. To control the corrosion in the steel bar that used in R.C. member and decrease the cost, the geogrid with steel bar reinforcement are taken in this study to determine the effect of load-deflection and stress-strain relationships. The finite element method is used to model the R.C. member, bars and soil. A three-dimensional finite element model by ABAQUS version 6.9 software program is used to predict the load versus deflection and stress versus strain response with soil. The results for the model in this study are compared with the experimental results from other research, and the results are very good. Therefore, it was concluded that the models developed in this study can accurately capture the behavior and predict the load-carrying capacity of such R.C. members with soil and the maximum stresses with strains. The results show plastic strain values in the R.C. member with saturated soil are larger than their values in unsaturated soil about (54%, 58%, and 55% and 52%) when the geogrid ratios are (without geogrid, 60%, 40% and 20%) respectively, with the same values of stresses.

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George, Ben, Donald A. Richards, William Jeffery Edenfield, Steven L. Warner, Lars Mouritsen, Reyna Bishop, Stephen Patrick Anthony, David Bearss, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, and Clifford Whatcott. "A phase I, first-in-human, open-label, dose-escalation, safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic study of oral TP-1287 administered daily to patients with advanced solid tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 3611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.3611.

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3611 Background: TP-1287 is a an orally bioavailable phosphate prodrug of alvocidib, a cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor. TP-1287 exhibits potent inhibition of intracellular kinases including CDK9. Inhibition of CDK9 leads to downregulation of the BCL-2 family member, MCL-1, which in turn inhibits tumor growth in preclinical animal models of prostate, breast, and lung carcinomas. Methods: This is a multicenter, Phase 1, dose escalation study using a standard 3+3 design with a modified Fibonacci scheme to examine the safety and clinical activity of TP-1287 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients will be added at the maximum tolerated dose (i.e. expansion cohort) to test TP-1287 as a single agent in patients with castrate resistant prostate cancer. Results: Twenty-two patients who were enrolled between December 2018 and January 2020 received a range of doses from 1 mg QD to 11 mg BID over 7 cohorts. Data are available for 20 patients as of the data cutoff date. TP-1287 plasma PK Cmax and AUC increased in near linear fashion over cohorts 1 thru 6, reaching 80 ng/mL and 499.3 ng*h/mL in cohort 6 for Cmax and AUC, respectively. TP-1287 treatment resulted in dose-dependent reductions of phospho-RNA Pol II, consistent with CDK9 inhibition, as measured by a flow cytometric assay assessing pharmacodynamic changes in phosphorylation state in PBMCs. The most frequently observed Grade 3 AE was unrelated anemia in 2 patients. All other events of Grade 3 (9 events/7 patients) and Grade 4 (1 event/seizure with new CNS mets) were unlikely related or unrelated. Clinical benefit was seen in one sarcoma patient with PR (15+cycles), one RCC patient with SD (7+cycles) and 2 bladder cancer patients with SD (6 and 8 cycles). Conclusions: These findings suggest that TP-1287 is tolerated as a monotherapy in patients with heavily pretreated, relapsed, refractory solid tumors and further clinical development in selected indications is warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT03298984 .

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Wang, Changlin, Licheng Cai, Jing Liu, Gang Wang, Haoming Li, Xiaoxiong Wang, Wanhai Xu, et al. "MicroRNA-30a-5p Inhibits the Growth of Renal Cell Carcinoma by Modulating GRP78 Expression." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 43, no. 6 (2017): 2405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000484394.

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Background/Aims: MiR-30a-5p, a member of the microRNA-30 family (miR-30), is known to function as a tumor suppressor in several different cancers. However, the expression levels, biological function, and underlying mechanisms of miR-30a-5p in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unclear. Glucose-regulated protein78 (GRP78) is a common cancer biomarker and promotes the growth and survival of cancer cells. The expression of GRP78 has been reported to be modulated by miR-30a in neurons. In this study, the expression profile of miR-30a-5p in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its effect on ccRCC through regulating GRP78 expression was investigated. Methods: MiR-30a-5p expression was analyzed using bioinformatic software on open microarray datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in ccRCC cell lines. Cell proliferation was investigated using CCK-8 and cell count assays. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, luciferase reporter assays, and flow cytometry were employed to investigate the mechanisms of the effect of miR-30a-5p on ccRCC Results: MiR-30a-5p was down-regulated in ccRCC and related to the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of ccRCC. MiR-30a-5p was found to both suppress the growth of ccRCC cells and promote apoptosis of ccRCC cells in vitro. GRP78 was the direct target gene of miR-30a-5p, and the GRP78 expression was inversely correlated with the expression of miR-30a-5p in vivo and in vitro. The functional studies of GRP78 overexpression or knockdown demonstrated that GRP78 promoted proliferation and anti-apoptosis of ccRCC cells, and the oncogenic activity of GRP78 resulting in by miR-30a-5p overexpression. Conclusion: MiR-30a-5p is a bona fide negative regulator of GRP78 expression, and the anti-tumor activity of miR-30a-5p in ccRCC is due at least in part to down-regulating GRP78 expression and modulating the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Thus, miR-30-GRP78 interaction provides a novel therapeutic candidate target in ccRCC treatment.

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Grimaldi, Anna Maria, Ornella Affinito, Marco Salvatore, and Monica Franzese. "CBX Family Members in Two Major Subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Bioinformatic Analysis." Diagnostics 12, no. 10 (October 11, 2022): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102452.

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The biological function and clinical values of Chromobox (CBX) family proteins in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are still poorly investigated. This study aimed to compare the expression profiles and clinical relevance of CBXs between the two most frequent subtypes of RCC, clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) and papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCC), and to investigate whether CBXs would play a more or less similar role in the pathogenesis and progression of these RCC subtypes. Considering these two RCC populations in the TCGA database, we built a bioinformatics framework by integrating a computational pipeline with several online tools. CBXs showed a similar trend in ccRCC and pRCC tissues but with some features specific for each subtype. Specifically, the relative expressions of CBX3 and CBX2 were, respectively, the highest and lowest among all CBXs in both RCC subtypes. These data also found confirmation in cellular validation. Except for CBX4 and CBX8, all others were deregulated in the ccRCC subtype. CBX1, CBX6, and CBX7 were also significantly associated with the tumor stage. Further, low expression levels of CBX1, CBX5, CBX6, CBX7, and high expression of CBX8 were associated with poor prognosis. Otherwise, in the pRCC subtype, CBX2, CBX3, CBX7, and CBX8 were deregulated, and CBX2, CBX6, and CBX7 were associated with the tumor stage. In addition, in pRCC patients, low expression levels of CBX2, CBX4, and CBX7 were associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Similarly, CBX3, CBX6, and CBX7 presented the highest alteration rate in both subtypes and were found to be functionally related to histone binding, nuclear chromosomes, and heterochromatin. Furthermore, CBX gene expression levels correlated with immune cell infiltration, suggesting that CBXs might reflect the immune status of RCC subtypes. Our results highlight similarities and differences of CBXs within the two major RCC subtypes, providing new insights for future eligible biomarkers or possible molecular therapeutic targets for these diseases.

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Pelekanou, Vassiliki, George Notas, Katerina Theodoropoulou, Marilena Kampa, Dimitrios Takos, Vassilia-Ismini Alexaki, Jelena Radojicic, et al. "Detection of The TNFSF Members BAFF, APRIL, TWEAK and Their Receptors in Normal Kidney and Renal Cell Carcinomas." Analytical Cellular Pathology 34, no. 1-2 (2011): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/108631.

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In advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), surgery combined with systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy have had limited effectiveness. Therapeutic modalities targeting VEGF, PDGF, and c-kit using tyrosine kinase inhibitors and m-TOR using specific biologic factors are in development. Therapeutic approaches targeting TNF-alpha have shown limited efficacy, while anti-TRAIL (TNFSF10) antibodies have shown enhanced activity. The presence and potential significance of other members of the TNFSF has not been investigated. Here, we assayed the TNFSF members APRIL, BAFF, TWEAK and their receptors (BCMA, TACI, BAFFR, Fn14) in 86 conventional type clear cell RCC, using immunohistochemistry and correlated our findings with histological data and, in a limited series, follow-up of patients. We observed a differential expression of these TNFSF ligands and receptors in cancerous and non-cancerous structures. BAFF was found in all RCC; APRIL expression is associated with an aggressive phenotype, correlating negatively with patients' disease-free survival, while TWEAK and its receptor Fn14 are heterogeneously expressed, correlating negatively with the grade and survival of RCC patients. This is the first study, presenting together the TNFSF members APRIL, BAFF, TWEAK and their receptors in different areas of normal renal tissue and RCC, suggesting a potential role of these TNFSF members in renal tumor biology.

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Antón Aparicio, Luis M., Vanessa Medina Villaamil, Guadalupe Aparicio Gallego, Maria Quindós Varela, Sergio Vazquez-Estevez, Luis Leon Mateos, Francisco J. Afonso Afonso, et al. "Expression of Notch family members in stage IV renal cell carcinoma tumors: Notch1 as medium-risk prognosis factor." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e15076-e15076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e15076.

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e15076 Background: The characterization of factors involved in the etiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may lead to the identification of new targets for therapy and prognostic markers. Recent data indicate that Notch family members can be expressed by malignant RCC cells and this expression may have potential use as a strong prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Notch family members as prognostic markers for stage IV patients. Methods: We analyzed, by means of immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, protein and mRNA levels of 4 Notch family members in tumor specimens obtained from 48 patients with stage IV RCC. Clinicopathological data for these patients were evaluated. A 34% of the population had hypertension, 7.3% had hypothyroidism, 19.5% were diabetic, 7.7% prediabetic, and 22% showed hyperlipidemia. RCC specimens included clear cell RCC: 34; papillary: 3; mixed: 1; undifferentiated: 1; hypernephroma: 1.The association among biomarkers and clinicopathological factors were explored using One-Way ANOVA test and non-parametric statistics, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Relative expression of Nocth3 and Notch4 transcript levels were elevated 25-fold in clear cell RCC tumors when compared with normal kidney tissues. Notch1 and Notch2 were overexpressed at protein level in clear cell RCC (p>0.05). Those renal tumors with right localization showed highest levels of Notch4 protein (p=0.096). Notch2 overexpression was associated with patients who had undergone nefrectomy (p=0.038). Finally, Bonferroni post-hoc statistic test showed us a statistically significant association (p = 0.020) between Nocth1 protein expression levels and patients with medium risk prognosis. Conclusions: These results show a deregulated expression of Notch receptors in RCC and suggest a role for this pathway in the progression of this tumoral pathology.

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Fu, Jia Li, Bing Kang Liu, Jun Wei Ma, and Hui Zhou. "Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Torsion Beams with ABAQUS." Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (December 2014): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.220.

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The torsional capacity oftwo recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) beams with 100% recycled coarse aggregate(RCA) and two normal concrete beams subjected to monotonic torsion was investigatedby the finite element software ABAQUS, and the simulated results were comparedwith the experimental results. The investigation shows that recycled aggregateconcrete torsional members have good seismic behavior. The simulated resultsagree well with experimental ones. It can be reference for actual engineering.

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Santana Rangel, Caroline, Marco Pepe, Mayara Amario, Lucas Caon Menegatti, Enzo Martinelli, and Romildo Dias Toledo Filho. "Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Cycles on Tension Stiffening Behavior of Reinforced RAC Elements." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 10063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110063.

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In the last several decades, the growth of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) production and the increased consumption of natural resources have led to promoting the use of secondary raw materials for a more sustainable construction. Specifically, the use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), derived from waste concrete, for the production of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) has attracted a significant interest both in industry and in academia. However, the use of RAC in field applications still finds some barriers. In this context, the present study investigates experimentally the effects of freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles on the stress transfer mechanisms of reinforced RAC elements through tension stiffening tests. First of all, the paper presents a detailed analysis of the degradation due to the aging process of RAC with RCAs obtained from different sources. Particularly, the results of tension stiffening tests are analyzed in terms of crack formation and propagation, matrix tensile strength contribution and steel-to-concrete bond. The results highlight that the pre-cracking elastic modulus, the first crack strength as well as the maximum concrete strength are strongly influenced by the presence of the Attached Mortar (AM) in RCA, as the former affects the concrete’s open porosity. Therefore, the amount of AM is identified as the key parameter for the evaluation of durability of reinforced RAC members: a degradation-law is also proposed which correlates the initial concrete open porosity with the damage observed in reinforced RAC elements.

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Wood, Lori, Georg A. Bjarnason, Peter C. Black, Ilias Cagiannos, Daniel Yick Chin Heng, Anil Kapoor, Christian K. Kollmannsberger, et al. "Improving outcomes through the development of quality indicators in renal cell cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2012): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.5_suppl.422.

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422 Background: Optimal quality of care is necessary for ideal outcomes, and quality indicators (QI) are increasingly being used to measure quality of care. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), there is a paucity of information defining such optimal care. This is particularly important as care of RCC patients is becoming increasingly complicated with more options and requiring greater expertise. The goal of this study was to identify QI for RCC across the entire disease spectrum from presentation to palliation. Methods: A multidisciplinary expert panel (13 members) of medical and urologic oncologists from across Canada reviewed potential QI. These potential QI were identified from a systematic review of the literature. In addition, panel members were encouraged to suggest additional potential QI. A modified Delphi technique was utilized to select QI that were both relevant and practical to RCC; this technique incorporated 2 email questionnaires and 1 in-person meeting. Results: From 250 citations in the systematic review, 34 possible QI were identified; 24 additional potential QI were suggested by panel members. A final set of 23 QI were established by the expert panel. These were distributed across the RCC disease spectrum as follows (number of QI in parentheses): screening (1), diagnosis and prognosis (3), management of localized disease (7), surgical management of locally advanced or metastatic disease (3), systemic therapy (4), and follow-up (3). These 21 QI focused largely on the treatment of RCC. In addition, two QI related to survival outcomes (overall and progression-free) were selected. An example of a QI in localized disease is the proportion of patients undergoing partial nephrectomy for tumors < 4 cm. An example in advanced disease is the proportion of patients who are assessed by members of a multidisciplinary genitourinary cancer team. The final 23 QI selected will be presented in detail. Conclusions: A systematic, consensus-based approach was used to determine relevant QI in RCC care. These 23 QIs will provide a means of evaluating the quality of RCC care in an effort to improve outcomes for our patients. The next step will be to establish a means of measuring each of these QI based on defined or yet to be defined benchmarks.

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Chintapatla, Rangaswamy, Leticia Varella, Peter Wiernik, Valerie Rusciano, and Janice P. Dutcher. "Association of Renal Cell Carcinoma and B-Cell Hematological Malignancy." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 5086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.5086.5086.

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Abstract Abstract 5086 Purpose of the study: We observed an increased frequency of hematologic malignancy (HM) in patients and family members of patients with renal cell cancer (RCC) and sought to characterize the association further in terms of frequency and characteristics of HM, and the importance of such an association. Methods: We performed a chart review of our data base of approximately 700 RCC patients seen by us from 2004 to the present in an effort to determine the frequency of HM in patients and in the families of patients diagnosed with RCC. Results: Of the 700 charts reviewed, both HM and RCC occurred in 19 individuals. [11 males and 8 females]. HM diagnosis included acute myeloid leukemia in 1 patient, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in 4 pts, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in 7 pts, (3 small cell and 4 large B-cell lymphoma), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in 2 pts and hairy cell leukemia (HCL), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) myelodysplasia (MDS) in one patient each. A family history of HM was found in 71 relatives involving 56 families of patients with RCC. Of these, 48/71 cases of HM were in first degree relatives and 18/71 were in second degree relatives. The most common HMs were lymphoma and leukemia: 24 NHL, 9 HL, 6 lymphoma not further specified (NOS), 11 CLL, 1 acute myeloid leukemia, 5 acute leukemia NOS and 6 leukemia NOS. Other HM observed once were multiple myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera. In addition, 2 family members had blood cancers that were NOS. Thus, of 77 patients/family members with known HM diagnosis 94% were B-cell malignancies. Clear cell histology was the most common subtype of RCC, and all subtypes of RCC occurred in the study population with expected frequency. RCC and HM occurred in the same patient in this study more frequently at 2. 7% than would be expected from a SEER database. In that database the observed to expected (O/E) ratio of NHL and RCC was 1. 86 to 2. 07% [Kunthur et al. Am J Hematol 2006; 81:271–80]. Conclusions: Increased incidence of B-cell malignancy has been reported in individuals with RCC [Dutcher et al. Proc Am Fed Clin Res, Eastern Division, April 2011]. Wiernik et al. [Cancer J 2000] reported a similar increase was noted between adenocarcinoma of the breast and B cell malignancies in same individual and mouse mammary tumor virus was proposed a potential causative agent. There is a preponderance of B-cell malignancy in both the individuals and in the families of the patients with RCC noted in this study. The etiology of this association between RCC and HM is unclear and suggests a common etiopathogenesis for RCC and B-cell tumors, or a familial immunologic defect that facilitates both malignancies. We plan to further explore the relationship of HM to RCC. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Balabeikina, O., A. Dmitriev, and E. Solodyankina. "Religious Institution as Part of Social and Economic Sphere." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 9 (2022): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-9-119-129.

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The subject of the article is the peculiarities of functioning of the structural components of the major religious institution, the identification and substantiation of the degree of its significance in the social and economic development of a country on the example of the Roman Catholic Church of Austria (RCCA). The aim of the work is a comprehensive characterization of manifestations of economic, social, culture-forming role of the leading religious organization at the national level, using the methods of processing statistical and empirical data adopted in economic and regional-confessional studies. It is shown that in Austria, since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a sharp decline in the number of persons who remain members of the national Christian Church. The RCCA has an annual quantitative loss in the number of parishioners: 1–1.5% of their total number. Over a 10-year period (2009–2019), the proportion of Catholic adherents in Austria has fallen from 62.2 to 56%, according to calculations based on official reports. In this study, the territorial concentration coefficient for the parishes of the RCC was calculated and gave a relatively low value, indicating the accessibility of Catholic parishes to the population in various regions of Austria in terms of social and other activities organized on their premises. This indicator remains stable over time. The RCCA is currently represented in the country by a dense network of parishes (3014 as of 2019). The basis of the church-administrative territorial division at the regional level consists of two archdioceses and seven dioceses, the boundaries of which fully coincide with the federal states of Austria. This fact allows us to raise the question of the degree of influence of RCCA structures on the development of individual regions of the country, including through the implementation of socially significant activities, partially duplicating state functions that receive budgetary funding. The RCCA also has a traditional focus on social responsibility for Christian national churches in Europe, which is related to facilitating the adaptation of migrants. Activities contributing to this goal include German as a foreign language courses in individual parishes, temporary housing, employment assistance, etc. The model of development of the confessional space in Austria, where the leading role is played by the national RCC, has a number of distinctive characteristics that condition and confirm the high importance of the religious institution in the social and economic development of the state. The presented experience of Austria can be useful for the leadership of religious organizations in Russia, European and other countries, where the leading civilizational basis is the Christian religion.

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Lee, Kyung-Hun, Toshihiko Doi, Tae Min Kim, Atsushi Ohtsu, Tae Yong Kim, Masafumi Ikeda, Kiyotaka Yoh, et al. "Phase I study (A8471004) in Asian patients of PF-03446962, a fully human mab against ALK-1 receptor involved in tumor angiogenesis: Safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 11031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.11031.

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11031 Background: Activin receptor like kinase 1 (ALK-1) is a member of the TGF-βRI family selectively expressed in proliferating endothelial cells, and plays an important role in regulating tumor initiation and metastasis. PF-03446962 is a fully human IgG2 mAb anti ALK-1 evaluated within two phase 1 studies in Western and Asian pts. Herein we report the preliminary safety, PK and PD data of the Phase I study. Methods: Primary objective is to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in Asian cancer pts; secondary objectives include the safety profile, PK, antitumor activity, and potential PD markers in blood and tumor samples. PF-03446962 is administered IV on Day 1, 29 and then q 2 weeks. Results: Study A8471004 consists of two parts: a 3+3 dose escalation (Part 1) and a dose expansion (Part 2) at 2 dose levels. In Part 1, 16 pts have been enrolled at 3 dose levels (4 pts at 4.5 mg/kg, 3 pts at 7.0 mg/kg, and 9 pts at 10 mg/kg). No DLTs occurred in Part 1 and 10 mg/kg was confirmed as MTD in the Asian population. The observed AUC0-28day for the 4.5, 7 and 10 mg/kg doses, were 12960, 22190 and 28030 μg·h/mL and Cmax were 97.1, 131.5 and 179.8 μg/mL, respectively. Drug exposure (mean Cmax and AUC) increased in a nearly dose proportional manner in Asians. In Part 2, expansion cohorts at doses of 7.0 mg/kg (10pts) and 10.0 mg/kg (8pts) of pts previously treated with VEGF inhibitors (VEGFi) have been enrolled, and the most common drug related adverse events observed (>10%) being thrombocytopenia, pyrexia, epistaxis, and telangiectasia (an anti-ALK-1 mediated toxicity) similarly in the 2 dose levels. Telangiectasia was observed in 1 CRC and 3 HCC patients. 4 patients who progressed after VEGFi treatment (RCC, sarcoma, 2 HCC patients) presented a SD lasting for 290, 248, 247 and 208 days, respectively, suggesting the ALK-1 could serve as mechanism of escape for VEGF. Conclusions: PF-03446962 is a first in class mAb targeting ALK-1. Treatment with PF-03446962 is well tolerated in the Asian pts and preliminary observation of clinical activity supports ALK-1 as a viable target. Update of study results and potential PD effects obtained on blood and tumor samples will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT01337050.

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Zhu, Qian, and Jie Liu. "Calculation Method for the Cracking Resistance and Bearing Performance of SFRAC Beams." Materials 16, no. 13 (July 1, 2023): 4769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134769.

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The utilization of recycled aggregate (RCA) in preparing recycled concrete (RAC) is an effective measure to solve the increase in construction waste. Furthermore, applying RAC to flexural members is a viable practice. The addition of steel fiber to RAC to prepare steel fiber recycled concrete (SFRAC) solves the performance deterioration caused by the recycled aggregate, so it is necessary to study the effects of the recycled aggregate replacement rate and fiber–volume ratio on the crack resistance and bending performance of SFRAC beams. In this study, 13 beams were designed and manufactured, with the water–cement ratio, recycled aggregate replacement rate, and fiber–volume ratio as the primary variables, and the cracking moment and ultimate moment of the SFRAC beams were systematically studied. The results show that the cracking and ultimate moments of the SFRAC beams increased with decreases in the water–cement ratio or with increases in the fiber–volume ratio and were unaffected by the replacement rate of recycled aggregates. Based on the experimental results and theoretical analysis, a calculation model and formula for the cracking moment were established. The ultimate bearing capacity of SFRAC beams can be accurately determined using the ACI 318 and ACI 544 standards. The research results serve as a valuable reference for the design of SFRAC beams, effectively address the issue of performance degradation in RAC structural members, and promote the use of green building materials.

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