Статті в журналах: "RCC LOAD BEARING WALL"

1

Maharjan, Rajib, and Vivek Shrestha. "Analysis of One Bay Residential Building with Combined RCC Frame and Load Bearing Wall Structures." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 13, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v13i1.20356.

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The major purpose of this study is to justify construction method of a hybrid structure in core area with construction complexity due unsafe excavation conditions and tries to define its rigidity and strength. Both RCC and Frame structure transfer same load to ground through foundation but the transfer mechanism varies. In some practical condition, building construction should be carried out in compact areas with unsafe adjoining building where adequate excavation for foundation cannot be carried out. In such cases, one bay hybrid structure is proposed for construction with combined RCC frame structure and load bearing walls. In these combined cases, both structures works as same unit to transfer building load but the transfer pattern varies. The variable load transfer pattern is due to discontinuity in structural system which also effect on seismic response of the building. The placement of a masonry load bearing structure in RCC frame structure varies design of all structural components of the building. To study actual behavior of hybrid structure in various load condition and introducing cost minimization techniques of buildings structural analysis was carried using ETABS 2016 with composite structural arrangement and with induction of load bearing wall as structural component. By which seismic behavior of building in both cases was obtained as well as reduction in rebar percentage and dimensional reduction of structural components can be achieved.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2017, 13(1): 117-124

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2

., Amit Barde. "LOAD BEARING RCC SHEAR WALL SYSTEM FOR TALL RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN INDIA – A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON MINIMUM WALL THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 05, no. 32 (November 25, 2016): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0532006.

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3

Shen, Zhao Wu, She Liang Wang, and Xiang Zhao. "Study on Aseismic Behavior of Shear Wall with Frame Column in the Large Thermal Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.621.

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In order to analyze aseismic behavior of the high reinforced concrete (R.C.) shear wall with frame column in the large thermal power plant, the model structure has been taken test with method of low frequency cyclic repeated load that has 1/15 scaling factor to practical structure. At same time the model has been analyzed by the finite element method which takes the Hognestad concrete constitutive model and ideal elastic-plasticity steel reinforcement constitutive equation. It has been found that the hysteretic curve is relatively full and energy dissipation capacity is better through the experiment. The bearing capacity, deformation and fracture results to the Shear wall of finite element analysis are closely with the test results. In general, the R.C. shear wall with frame column in the large thermal power plant has good aseismic performance. The finite element method can be taken to analyzed the similarity structure.

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4

Yuan, Hanquan, Lihua Zhu, Yixuan Wang, and Fengjian Zhang. "Mechanical and Thermal Properties of RCB Masonry Containing Three Rows of Holes." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (July 15, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5553406.

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In order to promote and apply the structures of the recycled concrete block (RCB) masonry, the thermal and mechanical properties of the recycled concrete specimens were tested in this study. The RCB can meet load-bearing and seismic requirements and was prepared through experiments. Concurrently, the mechanical property experiment was conducted on the RCB masonry, and then its failure process and mode were discussed. In addition, a thermal property test was completed on the RCB wall, and the difference in the thermal properties of single-row hole, three-row hole, and solid blocks was analyzed by theoretical calculations. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of the RCB masonry were basically the same as those of the natural concrete block masonry, and they have good compressive stability. The calculation formulas of the compressive and shear strengths of the natural concrete block masonry are applicable to the RCB masonry. The RCB masonry containing three rows of holes owns more outstanding thermal property than natural concrete block masonry and satisfies the requirements for related codes.

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5

Jadhav, Prasad J., Vikramsinh S. Tiware, Vivek V. Mane, Nitish A. Mohite, and Siddhesh Tiwale S. "Seismic Behaviour and Design of RC Shear Wall using ETABS software." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 4679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46047.

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Abstract: The present paper shows seismic behavior of building under the action of earthquake load [ bhuj earthquake] by performing time history analysis. Nowadays buildings with shear walls are more popular than buildings without shear wall in earthquake prone areas due to its resistance during earthquake. In this project G+10 RCC building is considered for the structural analysis for zone III and suitable load combination. The purpose of this study is to find the prime location of shear wall and then investigate the effectiveness of best shear wall for the RCC structure. The structure is analyzed for earthquake in the type of structural system using ETABS software. Wall which is mainly designed to resist lateral forces in its own plane is called shear wall Shear wall are mainly flexural membrane which are specially designed to resist lateral forces which are caused by seismic forces and other forces. Shear wall starts from foundation level and should be continuous throughout of the building.

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6

Pan, Li Cheng, Xi Yan Wang, and Deng Feng Wang. "Influence of Stressed Skin Effect on the Bearing Capacity of Electrostatic Precipitator Casing Wall." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.246.

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In wall-column structural system of electrostatic precipitator casing, wall will share the load with column and provide lateral bracing support when the load is applied on the column .Then the wall panel exert the stressed skin effect, which will influence its load bearing capacity. By nonlinear finite element method, when wall panel exerts stressed skin effect, whether the effect will influence the wall bearing capacity is investigated as well as the failure mode. The relationship is analyzed between the loading level onto column, panel thickness, loading form onto wall and the affecting degree on the bearing capacity of wall panel. The computation results indicate that the bearing capacity of wall panel is lower when it exerts the stressed skin effect. When the wall is thin, the weakening degree of panel bearing capacity resulting from stressed skin effect is slightly affected by loading level onto column. When the wall is thicker, the weakening degree of panel bearing capacity increases apparently as the loading level onto column increases. For a certain loading level onto column, compared with the locally loaded wall panel, the impact on load bearing capacity is greater for the globally loaded wall panel. Research work has reference value for the calculation and design of enclosure structures of electrostatic precipitator casing.

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7

Jin, Yu Jie, Kun Qian, and Miao Wang. "Experimental Analysis of Wall Consist of Straw Concrete Composite Board under the Action of Vertical Load." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.413.

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This article mainly analyzes characteristics on bearing capacity of wall consist of the straw composite board under vertical load, as well as bearing characteristics of various member under vertical load. Through the model test of 1:50 scale, it is obtained that cracking load, ultimate load and deformation of various elements of wall model in the process of test. The required data is provided that the bearing capacity formula under axial compression is to calculate straw concrete wall consist of composite board.

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8

Huang, Qunyi, John Orr, Yanxia Huang, Feng Xiong, and Hongyu Jia. "Seismic performance of a load-bearing prefabricated composite wall panel structure for residential construction." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 13 (June 6, 2020): 2928–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220927257.

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To improve both seismic performance and thermal insulation of low-rise housing in rural areas of China, this study proposes a load-bearing prefabricated composite wall panel structure that achieves appropriate seismic performance and energy efficiency using field-assembled load-bearing prefabricated composite wall panels. A 1:2 scale prototype built using load-bearing prefabricated composite wall panel is subjected to quasi-static testing so as to obtain damage characteristics, load-bearing capacity and load–displacement curves in response to a simulated earthquake. As a result, seismic performance indicators of load-bearing capacity, deformation and energy-dissipating characteristics, are assessed against the corresponding seismic design requirements for rural building structures of China. Experimental results indicate that the earthquake-resistant capacity of the prototype is 68% higher than the design value. The sample has a ductility factor of 4.7, which meets the seismic performance requirement mandating that the ductility factor of such concrete structures should exceed 3. The design can be further optimized to save the consumption of material. This shows that the load-bearing prefabricated composite wall panel structure developed here has decent load-bearing capacity, ductility and energy dissipation abilities, a combination of which is in line with the seismic design code. A new construction process proposed here based on factory prefabrication and field assembly leads to a considerable reduction of energy consumption.

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9

Fawzey, Sara, and Wael Ibrahim. "BEHAVIOR OF LOAD BEARING WALL FABRICATED FROM LIMESTONE." Engineering Research Journal 168 (December 1, 2020): 172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erj.2020.140130.

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10

Wissam K. Al-Saraj, Dr, Dr Layth Abdulbari Al-Jaberi, Sahar J. AL-Serai, and . "Carbon Fiber Strengthening of Geopolymer Concrete Wall Panels with Iron Fillings." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (November 28, 2018): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.26142.

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Wall is a vertical plate member resisting vertical (in-plane) or lateral loads. Load-Bearing walls were referred to RC wall panels which were commonly used as load-bearing structural members, braced and laterally supported by the rest of the structure, local materials such as Metakaolin and alkaline solutions are used to cast (600x400) mm reinforced concrete wall panels with 40 mm thickness. To find the ultimate bearing capacity and lateral deflection of wall panels. Seven specimens are divided in two groups to study the variation effect of iron filling (0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0)% and carbon fiber (225, 125 and 90 )mm spacing center to center of strips. The result shows that the maximum increasing are 17% and 14% for ultimate bearing capacity and cracking load of wall panels respectively, when iron filling is 1%. Also, the using of carbon fiber with 90 mm spacing center to center of strips leds to increasing in ultimate bearing capacity and cracking load by 31% and 7% respectively. Lateral deflection of wall panels was measured and compared with the reference wall to investigate the strengthening effect.

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11

Keerthan, Poologanathan, and Mahen Mahendran. "Thermal Performance of Load Bearing Cold-formed Steel Walls under Fire Conditions using Numerical Studies." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 5, no. 3 (August 19, 2014): 261–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2040-2317.5.3.261.

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Cold-formed Light gauge Steel Frame (LSF) wall systems are increasingly used in low-rise and multi-storey buildings and hence their fire safety has become important in the design of buildings. A composite LSF wall panel system was developed recently, where a thin insulation was sandwiched between two plasterboards to improve the fire performance of LSF walls. Many experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken to investigate the fire performance of non-load bearing LSF wall under standard conditions. However, only limited research has been undertaken to investigate the fire performance of load bearing LSF walls under standard and realistic design fire conditions. Therefore in this research, finite element thermal models of both the conventional load bearing LSF wall panels with cavity insulation and the innovative LSF composite wall panel were developed to simulate their thermal behaviour under standard and realistic design fire conditions. Suitable thermal properties were proposed for plasterboards and insulations based on laboratory tests and available literature. The developed models were then validated by comparing their results with available fire test results of load bearing LSF wall. This paper presents the details of the developed finite element models of load bearing LSF wall panels and the thermal analysis results. It shows that finite element models can be used to simulate the thermal behaviour of load bearing LSF walls with varying configurations of insulations and plasterboards. Failure times of load bearing LSF walls were also predicted based on the results from finite element thermal analyses. Finite element analysis results show that the use of cavity insulation was detrimental to the fire rating of LSF walls while the use of external insulation offered superior thermal protection to them. Effects of realistic design fire conditions are also presented in this paper.

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12

Osman, S. A., Zawawi Samba Mohamed, A. R. Sulaiman, and M. Fikri Ismail. "Experimental Analysis of Interlocking Load Bearing Wall Brickool System." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.439.

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This paper presents the results of investigation on structural behavior of the load bearing walls of interlocking bricks system called Brickcool. The model of Brickcool load bearing walls with and without reinforcement were tested in the laboratory until they failed. Both models were prepared with the same dimension of 1.3 m height, 1.0 m wide and 125 mm width. The influence of reinforcement on the deflection and strain of the load bearing walls were examined. Physical and mechanical tests of the individual brick were also been carried out. Results of this study proved that the model of load bearing wall with reinforcement have higher failure load with lower displacement at the top of the wall. The presence of reinforcement in strengthening the wall panel also increase the compression and tension strain compared to the wall panel without reinforcement. The physical and mechanical test results also found that the bricks have satisfied the minimum requirement values set by the British and American Standards.

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13

Wu, Jian Qing, Ying Yong Li, Hong Bo Zhang, Xiu Guang Song, and Chao Li. "Analysis on Bearing Capacity of Retaining Wall with Anchor." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.734.

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The opposite-pull retaining wall, formed by the anchor of both sides opposite-pulling the cantilever retaining wall, is a new type of supporting structure. Comparing with traditional retaining wall, the bearing ratio changes remarkably which will influences the structure stress. In order to popularize and apply the type of retaining wall structure, indoor model is made with different magnitude prestress applied and different magnitude is applied on top of the retaining wall to simulate different filling height. Test shows that as the top load increases the proportion of load beared by anchor decreases while that beared by retaining wall increases and the proportion of load beared by the lower anchor increases gradually. And soil arch effect appears near the anchor. The retaining wall around the anchor need reinforcement treatment during the construction.

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14

Ramaswamy, Anandakumar, Selvamony Chachithanantham, and Seeni Arumugam. "Performance of BFRP Retrofitted RCC Piles Subjected to Axial Loads." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/323909.

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This paper deals with the behaviour of basalt fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites retrofitted RCC piles subjected to axial compression loads. Currently the awareness of using FRP increases rapidly in engineering fields and also among public. Retrofitting becomes vital for aged and damaged concrete structures, piles, and so forth, to improve its load carrying capacity and to extend the service life. The load carrying capacity of piles retrofitted with basalt unidirectional fabric was studied experimentally. 15 nos. of RCC end bearing pile elements were cast with same reinforcement for axial compression experiment. Three piles were used as conventional elements, another 3 piles were used as double BFRP wrapped pile elements, and remaining 9 piles were used as retrofitted piles with BFRP double wrapping after preloaded to 30%, 60%, and 90% of ultimate load of conventional element. The effects of retrofitting of RCC pile elements were observed and a mathematical prediction was developed for calculation of retrofitting strength. The stress vs. strain relationship curve, load vs. deformation curve, preloaded elements strength losses are tabulated and plotted. Besides, crack patterns of conventional elements and tearing BFRP wrapped elements were also observed. The BFRP wrapped elements and retrofitted elements withstand more axial compressive load than the conventional elements.

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15

Amrapali Kasabe and Vaibhav Shelar. "Pushover analysis of building using soft story at different levels." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.1.0160.

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In India the enormous loss of life and property perceived in the last couple of decades, attributable to failure of structures instigated by earthquakes. Responsiveness is now being given to the assessment of the sufficiency of strength in framed RCC structures to resist solid ground motions. The seismic reaction of RCC building frame in terms of performance point and the earthquake forces on Reinforced building frame with the help of pushover analysis is carried out in this project. In this method of analysis a model of the building is exposed to a lateral load. Pushover analysis can afford a substantial insight into the weak links in seismic concert of a structure and we can know the weak zones in the structure. In this project effort has been made to investigate the effect of Shear Wall and Structural Wall on lateral displacement and Base Shear in RCC Frames. RCC Frames with G+13 are considered, one with soft storey and other with normal building in L- shape. The pushover analysis of the RCC building frame is carried out by structural analysis and design software ETABS.

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16

Rai, Gopal L. "Advanced Active Prestressed CFRP in RCC Structures." Advanced Materials Research 1129 (November 2015): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1129.290.

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. The need for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is rapidly increasing. Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials for concrete structures have high strength-to-weight ratios that can provide high prestressing forces while adding minimal additional weight to a structure. They also have good fatigue properties and exhibit low relaxation losses, both of which can increase the service lives and the load carrying capacities of reinforced concrete structures. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite system is integrated system based on carbon fibres and epoxy resins. By prestressing the CFRP laminates, the material is used more efficiently as a part of its tensile capacity is utilised and it contributes to the load bearing capacity under both service and ultimate load condition. This is an ideal technique as it combines the advantage of using noncorrosive and lightweight advanced composite material in the form of FRP laminates with high efficiency offered by external prestressing. An innovative mechanical anchorage system was developed to prestress the FRP laminates directly by jacking and reacting against the RCC structure.This paper describes the use of Prestressed CFRP laminates for strengthening of RCC structures including practical applications on slabs and bridges. Also it elucidates the post strengthening testing carried out for the validation of this technique.

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17

Li, Yan, Bingjun Gao, Shuo Liu, Kaiming Lin, and Juncai Ding. "Finite Element Analysis of the Limit Load of Straight Pipes with Local Wall-Thinning Defects under Complex Loads." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 4850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12104850.

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Local wall thinning is a common defect on the surface of pipelines, which can cause damage to the pipeline under complex pipeline loads. Based on the study on the limit load of straight pipes with defects, the nonlinear finite element method was used to analyze the limit load of straight pipes with local wall-thinning defects under internal pressure, bending moment, torque, axial force, and their combinations, and the empirical limit-load equations of straight pipes with local wall-thinning defects under single and complex loads were fitted. Based on the allowable load on the equipment nozzles, the influences of torque and axial force on the load-bearing capacity of straight pipes with local wall-thinning defects were quantitatively analyzed. For medium and low-pressure equipment, the load-bearing capacity was reduced by 0.59~1.44% under the influence of torque, and by 0.83~1.80% under the influence of axial force. For high-pressure equipment, the load-bearing capacity was reduced by 10.07~20.90% under the influence of torque, and by 2.01~12.40% under the influence of axial force.

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18

Yin, Xin Sheng, Pan Feng Ba, Jing Wei Cai, and Xin Ying Xie. "The Bearing and Earthquake Resistance Analysis of Aeroconcrete Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1152.

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This article analyzes the aeroconcrete wall of vertical ultimate load capacity.We make discussions about different spacing of the concrete structure colum, the different floor height, the different wall’s thick.Then combining the result, we discuss the wall’s ductility under the horizontal cyclic loads, the hysteresis loop and so on. Finally,we study the hole wall earthquake resistance performance under the central load and the non-central load function.Comprehensive all results, the improving methods are presented for your consideration.

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19

Cao, Bao Zhu, Bin Yuan, Wen Feng Duan, Jian Li, and Mo Wen. "Research and Design on Load Bearing Wall with Green Energy-Saving Straw Bale." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.260.

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The situation of the traditional house in Chinese rural areas was introduced with analyzing the residential structure, building materials and energy efficiency. According to the characters of different crops growing in countryside, we proposed the idea of using straw bale as the main construction material for load bearing wall in rural house. The tenon jointing and hardening bearing wall and the pre-stressed bearing wall with high density straw bale are designed. The constructional details of straw bale wall are provided also. It provides a new method for the construction of new countryside.

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20

Skadins, Ulvis, and Atis Dandens. "Load Bearing Capacity of Precast Concrete Slab–Wall Connection." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 960 (December 10, 2020): 042046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/960/4/042046.

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21

El-Sakhawy, Nagwa R., Hussein Abdel Raof, and Amira Gouhar. "Shearing Behavior of Joints in Load-Bearing Masonry Wall." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 14, no. 2 (April 2002): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2002)14:2(145).

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22

., A. Surekha. "ANALYSIS AND CONNECTION DESIGNS OF PRECAST LOAD BEARING WALL." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, no. 09 (September 25, 2014): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0309071.

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23

Moragaspitiya, H. N. P., and K. A. S. Susantha. "Pushover Analysis of Slip formed Load Bearing Wall Panels." Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka 40, no. 4 (October 30, 2007): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v40i4.7151.

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24

Wen, Fei, and Wen Fang Zhang. "The Seismic Performance Analysis of Brick Masonry Wall between Windows." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 1242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.1242.

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To research the brick masonry wall between windows under the low cyclic load test. Combining with ABAQUS finite element software simulated the wall between windows. Analyze the destruction process, ductility and seismic performance of the wall between windows. Explore the beneficial influence on the wall between windows which under the pressure. The results of study show that the brick masonry wall between windows occurred flexural failure.With the increase of pressure, the ductility of Brick masonry wall between windows will be decreased. But the yield load, maximum bearing capacity and limit bearing capacity is improved obviously. When compared 0.3MPa,the maximum bearing capacity under 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.6MPa increased by 8.3% , 16.4% and 23.9%. The seismic performance was improved. It had good engineering significance in practice.

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25

Qu, Yiwen, Yi Zhang, Zhitian Wang, Dahai Yang, and Jun Shi. "Load-Bearing Characteristics of PHC Piles Constructed by the Inner Digging Method Based on Ultimate Load Testing and Numerical Simulation." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (May 4, 2023): 5641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095641.

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This paper studies the load-bearing characteristics of two prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pipe piles constructed by the medium mid-digging and hammering methods. The ultimate load tests and numerical simulations of the pipe piles constructed by both methods were carried out to analyze the ultimate lateral resistance, and ultimate resistance performance characteristics of the two pipe piles and the influence of the wall thickness of the pipe piles on the bearing performance. The test results show that the pipe pile constructed by the middle inner digging method has a higher pile quality. The single pile bearing capacity of the pipe pile constructed by the middle inner digging method is 50% higher than that of the common hammering method. The enlarged part of the pile end has an obvious effect on improving the bearing capacity. The settlement of the pipe pile constructed by the middle inner digging method is smaller than that of the hammering method. The large diameter pipe pile constructed by the middle inner digging method usually shows characteristics of the end-bearing pile. The resistance of the pile end accounts for 40–50% of the top load. The numerical simulation results agree with the field test and are compared and discussed. The simulation results show that when the bearing capacity of the pile is provided by the pile side frictional resistance, the influence of the pile wall thickness on the bearing capacity is insignificant. When the top pile load is close to the bearing capacity of the pipe pile, the influence of the pipe pile wall thickness on the bearing capacity is greater.

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26

Hamzah, Siti Hawa, Chua Bon Yong, Nadiah Saari@Ash’ari, and Mat Som Marwi. "The Effect of Butt Joint on the Structural Behaviour of PSSDB Wall Panel." Scientific Research Journal 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v4i1.5663.

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An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the effect of butt joint on the structural behaviour of profiled steel sheet dry board (PSSDB) load bearing wall with window opening. The samples tested were three (3) PSSDB walls with window opening and butt joint in the dry boards, and three (3) PSSDB walls with window opening but without butt joint in the dry boards. The samples were subjected to axial compressive load and comparisons were made between the two sets of samples. The average value of the ultimate load capacity for PSSDB load bearing wall with butt joint was found to be 286 kN, while that for the samples of PSSDB load bearing wall without butt joint was 260 kN. The average maximum lateral deflection values for both types of PSSDB walls were 8.9 mm and 13 mm respectively. Significant difference due to butt joint in dry board was seen in the reduced number of cracks by about 33 % in comparison to that without butt joint.

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27

LUKIN, Aleksey O., Vadim Yu ALPATOV, and Dmitriy D. CHERNYSHEV. "IMPROVING CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTION OF BEAM WITH CORRUGATED WALL." Urban construction and architecture 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2016.02.1.

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The analysis of improving ways to test for load-bearing structures - metal beams with corrugated wall was conducted. Weak places, limiting their load-bearing capacity were determined. It was found that the criterion for determining the carrying capacity of thin-walled corrugated beam is its local resistance. The author's solution to increase the local stability of the corrugated wall beams was suggested. Author's solution is to give the corrugated wall of further extruded profile of different geometry. The influence of the shape and size of punching the wall on the carrying capacity of corrugated beams was determined. The studies confirming the effectiveness of the proposed constructive solutions increase the stability of the corrugated wall are conducted. Preliminary assessment of the degree of increase of the bearing capacity of the beam by punching its wall is obtained.

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28

Balasubramanian, K., and K. P. Jaya. "Reverse Cyclic Loading Effect on RCC Wall-Floor Slab-Deep Beam Connection." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (July 18, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8497173.

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High-rise structures are more vulnerable when subjected to lateral loading. Generally, the shear walls function as the main lateral load resistant system in high-rise structures. In the case of high-rise structures with an open ground story, the shear wall-floor slab-deep beam acts together as a rigid jointed frame connection to withstand gravity and lateral force induced by external loadings like earthquakes and wind. The wall-floor slab-deep beam connection will be subjected to a higher concentration of stresses, which is a more vulnerable area in any high-rise structure. Hence, it is necessary to design this connection with more ductility. This article presents the experimental investigations carried out to study the behavior of three different reinforcement detailing in RCC wall-floor slab-deep beam connections, such as (1) 90° bend up bars connection as per Indian Standard Code (Conventional connection), (2) U-hooks connecting the core region as per Euro code 2, and (3) proposed U-hooks with additional reinforcement in the core region transverse to the beam orientation. The additional reinforcement is provided at a distance of 50 mm from the face of the shear wall. The parameters considered for this study are load-carrying capacity, energy dissipation, ductility, and stiffness. The results were then compared with that of the conventional connection. It was found that the proposed U-hook with additional reinforcement performed better than that of the conventional connection and type 2 connection.

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Xia, Mingtan, Xudong Zhang, Gengshe Yang, Liu Hui, and Wanjun Ye. "Analysis of Vertical Load Transfer Mechanism of Assembled Lattice Diaphragm Wall in Collapsible Loess Area." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 8, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574934.

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Based on analysis of the formation mechanism and characteristics of the negative friction in collapsible loess areas, this study investigates the load transfer law of a wall-soil system under a vertical load, establishes the vertical bearing model of a lattice diaphragm wall, and analyzes the vertical bearing capacity of an assembled latticed diaphragm wall (ALDW) in a loess area. The factors influencing the vertical bearing characteristics of the ALDW in a loess area are analyzed. The vertical bearing mechanism of the lattice diaphragm wall in the loess area is investigated. The failure modes of the ALDW in the loess area are mainly shear failure of the soil around the wall and failure of the wall-soil interface. In the generation and development of negative friction, there is always a point where the relative displacement of the wall-soil interface is zero at a certain depth below the ground; at this point, the wall and soil are relative to each other. The collapsibility of loess, settlement of the wall and surrounding soil, and rate and method of immersion are the factors affecting the lattice diaphragm wall. The conclusions of this study provide a reference for the design and construction of ALDWs in loess areas.

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30

Nighute, Avinash, and Dr V. R. Rathi. "Study of RCC Silo structure for different Height/Dia. ratio." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45305.

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Abstract: This work shows the effect of height to diameter ratio on reinforced cement concrete circular silo. Janssen’s theory as per IS 4995:1974 part I & part II is used to determine the load intensity and structural dimensions. The Response Spectrum Method along with Wind load Analysis is used for analysis of the reinforced cement concrete silo structures. In the present studies, the silo structures are considered to be in Zone V of IS 1893:2005 Part 3 and IS 875:2015 Part IV. SAP 2000 software is used for the modelling and analysis of silo structure. Two different heights to diameter ratios are used for getting results on four models in the form of horizontal pressure on the silo wall due to stored material, displacement and base shear. The displacement will be more at the top of the structure due to increase in height of the silo. For earthquake and wind load analysis, empty silo structure shows the maximum value of displacement and base shear.

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31

Chen, Li Qun. "Research on the Basic Mechanical Behavior of Masonry Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 1539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1539.

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This paper analyzes the hole and open hole wall without cracking load, crack distribution and the order of appearance. We use MSC.Macr software and two-dimensional four-node element and the constitutive relation proposed masonry. Masonry shear wall is failed criterion for the force and deformation of elastic-plastic finite element analysis, wall cracking load is ultimate shear capacity. The predicted values of cracking load, ultimate shear load-bearing capacity and maximum horizontal deformation of wall agree better with testing results.

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32

Ma, Shaochun, Lianghui Li, and Peng Bao. "Seismic Performance Test of Double-Row Reinforced Ceramsite Concrete Composite Wall Panels with Cores." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 2688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062688.

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The research objective of this study was the seismic performance of double-row reinforced ceramsite concrete sandwich wall panels. The feasibility of upgrading a new wall panel from a non-load-bearing partition wall to a load-bearing seismic wall was examined by conducting cyclic load tests on five wall panel specimens. The test piece was a sandwich thermal insulation structure that could achieve a good protection distance between the thermal insulation material and the fire source so that the fire prevention problem could be solved. At the same time, the problem of easy fall-off of the insulation system was also solved. The specimens were divided into three groups, including three double-row reinforced ceramsite concrete sandwich wall panels with different dosages of alkali-resistant glass fiber, a double-row reinforced ordinary concrete sandwich wall panel, and a solid concrete ceramic wallboard. The effects of different dosages of alkali-resistant glass fiber, construction forms, and bearing side plate materials on the seismic performance of the sandwich wall panels were investigated separately for the specimens. From the analysis of the specimen results (damage characteristics, hysteresis curves, energy dissipation capacity, bearing capacity, ductility, longitudinal reinforcement strain, and stiffness degradation), it could be seen that among the five types of wallboard, the double-row reinforced ceramsite concrete sandwich wall panel with 0.3% fiber content had the best ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Adding fiber could solve or improve the problem of the low ultimate bearing capacity of ceramsite concrete as the wallboard’s bearing material. Compared with the same size solid ordinary concrete wallboard, the bearing capacity of the double-row reinforced ceramic concrete sandwich panel was slightly reduced. However, the additional seismic performance indexes were relatively superior. Through the analysis of the test results, it was shown that, when considering the thermal performance and seismic capacity, the new wall panel had good prospects for engineering applications.

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33

Fox, Steven R., and Reinhold M. Schuster. "Strength of wind load bearing wall stud-to-track connections." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-074.

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Cold-formed steel structural members are often used in building construction, with a common application being wind load bearing steel studs. The studs frame into horizontal steel track members at the top and bottom of the wall assembly, with the stud-to-track connection typically being made with self-drilling screws or welds. The design of the wall stud must include a check of the web crippling capacity at the end reactions. The type of end bearing that exists in these stud-to-track connections is not explicitly addressed by the current North American cold-formed steel design documents. Reported in this paper are the results and analysis of a collection of end-one-flange web crippling tests of common stud-to-track connections. The tests show that there are two failure modes: web crippling of the stud, and punch-through of the track flange. Design expressions are proposed to predict the capacity of the connection based on these two modes of failure. The effects of increasing the gap between the stud and the track and the effects of missing screws in the stud-to-track connection are also discussed.Key words: cold-formed steel, steel studs, structural design, connections, web crippling.

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ENOMOTO, Takanobu, Takashi HISADA, Fumihiro KATANO, Naoyuki HAMADA, Takeo HIRASHIMA, and Hideki UESUGI. "LOAD BEARING TESTS OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTING WALL USING TOUGHENED GLASS." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 13, no. 26 (2007): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.13.523.

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35

Kuddus, Mir Abdul, and Pere Roca Fabregat. "Literature Review of Experimental Study on Load Bearing Masonry Wall." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 14, no. 01 (January 2017): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-1401045258.

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36

Shi, Yu, Xu Hong Zhou, Xiao Li Yuan, and Shao Feng Nie. "Experimental Study on the Axial Behaviour of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Framing Wall Studs." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 1858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1858.

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A full-scale experimental study on the axial behavior of cold-formed thin-walled steel framing wall studs is presented. The influence of parameters, including whether the studs are sheathed or not, sheathing materials, the screws spacing and the studs spacing, on the bearing capacity of studs under vertical compression is analyzed by the test. The test results of the six wall specimens show that: the load carrying capacity of a stud increases significantly when it is covered with sheathings; the ultimate load of the stud sheathed with fiber reinforced calcium silicate board(CSB) is about 18.8 percent higher than that sheathed with oriented strand board(OSB); when the wall frames are sheathed with OSB or plasterboard, the change of screws spacing has little effect on the bearing capacity, however, the bearing capacity of CSB-sheathed wall stud will fall when the screws spacing decreases from 300mm to 150mm; when the studs spacing increases, the bearing capacity of stud decreases slightly.

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37

Guo, Yi Qing, and Ping Zhou Cao. "Experimental Research of Lightweight Composite Wall on Lateral and Vertical Loads." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.514.

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To overcome the shortcomings of assembly lightweight steel structure residential system in our country. A new type of lightweight energy-saving composite wall is proposed, which is composed by light-gauge shaped steel and thin panel. In order to investigate the load-bearing behaviour and failure mode of the composite wall, 4 wall specimens in full ratio were designed and manufactured. The experiment study is carried out under lateral and vertical loads. The results show that the self-drilling screw integrate the light-gauge shaped steel and thin panel to bear loads. The decrease of self-drilling screw spacing can effectively enhance the load-bearing capacity of the composite wall, and the best choice of the self-drilling screw pitch is 150mm. The composite wall has good bearing and deformation capacity, and it is suitable for applying to light weight steel residential system in our country.

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38

Jawad, Faris Waleed, Abbas Fadhil Ibrahim Al-Ameri, and Azhar Sadiq Yasun. "Experimental Investigation of Skirt Footing Subjected to Lateral Loading." Open Civil Engineering Journal 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501913010020.

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Background: The skirt foundation is one of the powerful types of foundations to resist the lateral loads produced from natural forces, such as earthquakes and wind action, or from the type of structures, such as oil platforms and offshore wind turbines. Objective and Methodology: This research experimentally investigated the response of skirted footing resting on sandy soil of different states to lateral applications of loads on a small-scale physical model manufactured for this purpose. The parameters studied are the distance between the footing and the skirt and its depth. Results and Conclusion: The results show that the presence of the skirt behind the footing loads to an increase in bearing load and a reduction in the lateral movement whereas the skirt near or adjacent to the footing edge causes maximum increases in bearing load and reduction in lateral movement, for skirted footing. The ratio between the wall distance and the width of the footing has no effect when it is greater than one. On the other hand, the state of the soil influences the bearing load and lateral movement with different ratio of wall distance and wall depth to the width of the footing, especially when the wall distance to the footing width is less than one and the state of the soil has no effect on the bearing load and lateral movement when the ratio is more than one.

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39

Advincula, Jericson H., Dustin Glenn C. Cuevas, Allan Dave A. Dela Cruz, and John Paul D. Carreon. "Structural Characterization of Foamed Composite Structural Insulated Panel with Coir for Load Bearing Wall Application." Materials Science Forum 934 (October 2018): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.934.222.

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Permanent formwork building system is a method that uses the formwork as a contributor to the load bearing capacity of the structure. This study characterized the proposed foamed composite structural insulated panel (CSIP) with coir for load bearing wall application in low rise construction. The percentage of coir in foamed concrete that could significantly increase the compressive and flexural strength of the panel considering the effect of coir to the workability of the foamed concrete were determined. The results showed that the samples with 0.5% coir had the maximum increase in its compressive and flexural capacity and further addition of coir decreases its capacities. The results also showed that it could carry the required design loads. Moreover, using Euler’s buckling equation for the effect of slenderness, the panel could be used as exterior wall for a height of 2m, 3m, and 4m and as interior wall for a height of 2m and 3m. It can be concluded that the proposed panel could be used as a load bearing wall in low rise construction.

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40

Drobotia, Olexander. "Experimental Tests of Prestressed Load-Bearing Elements of Fencing Structures Made of Cold-Formed Steel Profiles for Oblique Bending." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences 2, no. 7(38) (2023): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2023.7(38).2.204-212.

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Wall purlins serve as load-bearing elements of the light external wall girders of buildings. Structurally, such wall girders are horizontal beam elements. The external load on the wall girders is the vertical load from the own weight of the wall enclosure and the horizontal wind load. Thus, wall girders work for bending in two planes or the so-called oblique bending. The wide application of elements operating in conditions of oblique bending requires a comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of their operation. The load from the own weight of the wall enclosure, made of light sandwich panels, is approximately equal to the wind load on the territory of Ukraine. Therefore, in this case, the wall girders are designed with equal strength in two planes. To find out the real operation of obliquely bent elements, it is necessary to determine all the parameters that can affect the picture of the destruction of such elements. The purpose of the work is to study experimentally the possibility of applying pre-stressing in one plane of reinforced concrete girders with reduced metal capacity in this plane. The subject of the study is the stress-strain state and bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete rod prestressed in this way. The investigated steel-concrete girders were made of bent channel No. 10 with a wall thickness of 3 mm, the inner cavity of which was filled with concrete of class C20/25. Before concreting the inner cavity, a preliminary bending of the steel profile opposite to the operational one was carried out. The magnitude of the previous bending of the steel profile compensated for its reduced geometric characteristics in this plane. The use of a pre-stressed trough-shaped steel profile in the form of a bent channel No. 10 with a wall thickness of 3 mm for a wall run, followed by its concreting, allows you to reduce steel consumption by up to 38,5% compared to, for example, the use of an 80×3 mm pipe of the same bearing capacity for a run.

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41

Witzany, Jiří, Tomáš Čejka, and Radek Zigler. "Load-Bearing Capacity Determination of Historic Masonry Structures." Advanced Materials Research 923 (April 2014): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.923.81.

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The experimental, in-situ and laboratory research has manifested a relatively large variance of the physical and mechanical characteristics of historical masonry found e.g. within a masonry wall, a massive masonry pillar etc. Artical presents the evaluation of the experimentally determined physical and mechanical characteristics of masonry members and the binder obtained by sampling specimens and by non-destructive measurements relies on the application of appropriate probabilistic methods.

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42

Salehian, Sanaz, Muhammad Azzam Ismail, and Ati Rosemary Mohd Ariffin. "Assessment on Embodied Energy of Non-Load Bearing Walls for Office Buildings." Buildings 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10040079.

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Two important factors that have been put in the limelight in the current age are environmental concerns and sustainable future. The building sector has emerged as an important player in this matter due to their contribution into the large share of resources and energy consumption as well as harmful greenhouse gas emission. This paper discusses the percentage of embodied energy (EE) in two common building wall materials in Malaysia: steel and concrete. Concrete is used in concrete non-load bearing walls and steel is used to manufacture curtain walls. Although there are more materials used in the selected case studies, steel and concrete possess the high amount of embodied energy. Thus, the concrete wall and curtain wall in the lifecycle analysis (LCA) pre-use phase in high-rise office buildings in Malaysia are considered in this research. GaBi software is used to evaluate and calculate embodied energy in the case studies. The functional unit for this LCA study is determined as one cubic meter of concrete non-load bearing wall and curtain wall. In order to determine the components included in the analysis, input-output flowcharts are created for each process. The comparison of these walls shows that curtain wall has more embodied energy than concrete. The highest amount of embodied energy in curtain wall construction for case B is 4873.89 MJ, and for the case A is 4851.09 MJ approximately. The amount of EE in the concrete non-load bearing wall for both case studies are the lowest amount, with 278.85 MJ for case A and 280.66 MJ for case B. Results also show that the manufacturing of materials is the biggest contribution to the amount of EE at more than 50%, whereas transportation is between 1.83% and 3.77% only.

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43

Xu, Ming, Zhong Fan Chen, and Wei Jie Zhang. "Experimental Study on the Seismic Behavior of Concrete Composite Bearing Walls." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1090–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1090.

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Concrete composite bearing wall system is an innovated composite structure system, which is assembled by load-bearing walls, enclosure walls and thermal protection and insulation layers. Four concrete composite bearing walls were tested quasi-statically under low cyclic lateral loads. The characteristics including failure modes, hysteretic characteristics, ductility and stiffness degradation are investigated. It is shown that the concrete composite bearing walls possess high strength and ductility. In the elastic stage, the prefabricated slabs and frame could work together very well, and the composite walls exhibited enough stiffness against lateral deformation. With increasing horizontal load, the stiffness of the prefabricated slabs tended to decrease, and finally the composite wall system failed by flexural failure of frame structure with dense columns.

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44

Sun, Wei Dong, and Xin Yu Niu. "Experimental Study of Composed Wall with Site Laying Reinforcing Rib under the Effect of Vertical Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.954.

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Composed wall with site laying reinforcing rib is composed of reinforced concrete rib, girtstrip and filling brickwork. This kind of wall is energy-saving, environmental-friendly and of good earthquake resistant performance. It is suitable to village building structure. In this paper, the load carrying capability and failure mode of this kind of composed wall under the effect of vertical load, the maximum bearing capacity of the wall and its influencing factors are mainly introduced.

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45

Premrov, M., B. Ber, and E. Kozem Šilih. "Study of load-bearing timber-wall elements using experimental testing and mathematical modelling." Advances in Production Engineering & Management 16, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14743/apem2021.1.385.

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Combining timber and glass in the wall elements of the building envelope with the proper orientation of such transparent façade elements enables the utilization of solar energy for heating and internal illumination of the building. However, the asymmetrical layout of timber-glass wall elements in such buildings can result in problems with the horizontal stability of the structure, so their participation to load-bearing capacity of the structure is usually neglected. The study deals with solutions for such elements as horizontal load-bearing members with proper connection details. First, specifically developed timber-glass wall elements were experimentally tested under monotonic and cyclic horizontal point load, and further in combination with classical timber-framed wall elements implemented into special single and two-storey box-house models, which were further experimentally tested on the shaking table. In the second part as the main goal of the study, a quite simple mathematical model of the box-house prototypes is developed using a fictive diagonal element for simulating the racking stiffness of the bracing timber-glass wall element. The calculated results for the 1st vibration period are compared with the previously measured experimental results to prove an accuracy of the developed model. Finally, a linear time-history calculation is done as a sample presentation of the developed mathematical model using Landers acceleration spectrum. The developed mathematical model enables a simple and effective seismic response calculation of timber buildings considering the developed timber-glass wall elements as load-bearing bracing elements against horizontal load actions. The model can also be recommended for using in further parametric numerical academic studies analysing the influence of various parameters.

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46

Liu, Xi Jun, Lin Xiang Liu, and Yu Mei Wang. "Based on Experiment of Constitutive Model of Load-Bearing Insulation Masonry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 1089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.1089.

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In order to obtained the constitutive equations of thermal insulation masonry, the four masonry with different angles has pressed. Study on thermal insulation of masonry compressive mechanical parameters of constitutive equation and two-stage by compression stress-strain curves obtained in the servo press machine tests and data processing. The Basic mechanics parameters can be provided for finite element analysis of thermal insulation composite wall. The experiments showed that the constitutive model is discretization and the maximum stress and strain by press machine testing is different from brick masonry. The constitutive model is close with curve by press machine testing. The performance of mechanics in thermal insulation wall can be application by the stress-strain curves of thermal insulation of masonry. The stress-strain curves based experiments can be used finite element analysis of thermal insulation wall.

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47

Schmid, M. "Verankerung der Stützmauer Entschigtal / Anchorage of the Sustaining Wall Entschigtal." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 3, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): 619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-1997-5224.

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Abstract Structural design and the position of the sustaining wall Entschigtal were at the origin of corrosion of the back layer of reinforcement. A drecrease of the load bearing section was observed in 1995. The assessment of the actual state of the reinforcement turned out to be a complex task in the context of the inspection of the structure. It was the combination of different test methods which finally led to reliable results concerning the extent and the position of corrosion of reinforcement. In order to restore the load bearing capacity for the remaining required service- life consolidation measures werde necessary. Permanent strand anchors have been placed to strengthen the wall.

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48

Ariyanayagam, Anthony, and Mahen Mahendran. "Experimental Study of Load-Bearing Cold-Formed Steel Walls Exposed to Realistic Design Fires." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 5, no. 4 (November 18, 2014): 291–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2040-2317.5.4.291.

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This paper presents the details of full scale fire tests of LSF wall panels conducted using realistic fire time-temperature curves. Tests included eight LSF wall specimens of various configurations exposed to both parametric design and natural fire curves. Details of the fire test set-up, test procedure and the results including the measured time-temperature and deformation curves of LSF wall panels are presented along with wall stud failure modes and times. This paper also compares the structural and thermal behavioural characteristics of LSF wall studs with those based on the standard time-temperature curve. Finally, the stud failure times and temperatures are summarized for both standard and realistic design fire curves. This study provides the necessary test data to validate the numerical models of LSF wall panels and to undertake a detailed study into the structural and thermal performance of LSF wall panels exposed to realistic design fire curves.

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49

Huang, Xiaoxu, and Yongbin Zhang. "Energy-Conserved Hydrodynamic Lubricated Components with Wall Slippage." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2023 (April 13, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9937708.

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The hydrodynamic thrust slider and journal bearings as well as hydrodynamic lubricated gears with the merit of energy conservation by the wall slippage are reviewed. The principle for designing these hydrodynamic contacts is to artificially set the wall slippage on the stationary surface in the hydrodynamic inlet zone. To design the wall slippage on the moving surface in the hydrodynamic outlet zone can also give additional benefits. The technical merits of these mechanical components are the improved load-carrying capacity and the lowed friction coefficient, i.e., the energy conservation due to the wall slippage. Owing to the designed wall slippage, the carried load of the hydrodynamic step bearing can be increased by 200%~400% while its friction coefficient can be reduced by 50%~85%, and the load-carrying capacity of the hydrodynamic journal bearing can be increased by nearly 100% while at the same time, its friction coefficient can be reduced by more than 60%. For hydrodynamic lubricated gear contacts, by covering ultrahydrophobic or oilphobic coatings on the slower moving surface, the friction coefficient can be approaching to vanishing and the contact load-carrying capacity can be increased very significantly for large slide-roll ratios under medium or heavy loads.

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50

Oktavianus, Yusak, Kasun Shanaka Kristombu Baduge, Kristopher Orlowski, and Priyan Mendis. "Structural behaviour of prefabricated load bearing braced composite timber wall system." Engineering Structures 176 (December 2018): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.09.037.

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