Статті в журналах: "RC FRAMED BUILDING"

1

Gondaliya, K. M., T. N. Palsanawala, V. Bhaiya, S. A. Vasanwala, and A. K. Desai. "Seismic Vulnerability of Code Compliant RC Frame Building with Unreinforced Masonry Infill Walls." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 925–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.603.

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Unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls in Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings are normally designed as non-structural elements. However, in the past, the post-earthquake response of the RC frame building showed that URM infill walls increase the strength and stiffness of the RC frame buildings. Further, it is also observed that URM helped to prevent the disastrous destruction by acting as a structural member in RC frame. In the present study, the performance assessment of a four-storey URM infill RC frame with different infill configurations, namely bare and Open Ground Storey (OGS) is done using fragility analyses. Nonlinear masonry material is modelled as the equitant three strut model in ETABS. Nonlinear static pushover analysis is applied for the analysis of the configured RC frames. The probability of damage states is determined by firstly converting pushover curves into capacity curves and accordingly, performance-point values of Spectral acceleration and Spectral displacement for seismic demand Zone-V (Elastic Response Spectra as per IS 1893:2016) using the capacity-spectrum method (ATC-40) are determined. The fragility function used is an approximation of the continuous to discrete distribution. Fragility curves and mean damage matrix are derived to compare performance with each other. From the vulnerability analyses, it is observed that the OGS framed RC building performs better as compared to the bare frame.

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2

., M. Muthulakshmi, and M. Vinod Kumar . "Experimental Studies on Fibre Integrated Lightweight Concrete Frames Under Lateral Forces: A Review." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 7, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2018.7.1.874.

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Reinforced Concrete (RC) framed structure with masonry infill is the most common type of building in which, RC frames participate in resisting lateral forces. The poor performance of RC frame buildings under lateral forces is due to its heavy mass and rigid construction. Use of Lightweight concrete (LWC) is preferred since the dead load of concrete is enormous. A low density of the LWC, decreases the weight of the building thus reducing the effect of lateral forces. However, LWC having a lower modulus of elasticity, has a faster rate of crack development in RC members. So, fibres are employed as an additive to increase the energy absorption capacity and to control the crack development. Pumice is a natural material of volcanic origin, has low density, which makes it ideal for production of LWC. Based on these ideas, Pumice aggregate is used as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate to its volume with addition of steel fibres to the volume of concrete. This paper summarizes the collected literatures related to RC frames, LWC, Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) and thereby attempts to predict the lateral load response of RC portal frame with the use of LWC and Steel fibres.

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Raju, Y. Kamala, G. V. V. Satyanarayana, and G. Arun Sai. "RCC Highrised Residential Buildings its Influence on Earthquake Loads." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401107.

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The present decade, high rise multi-storey buildings are subjected to many external effects such as earthquake, wind loads, tidal loads, etc., in most cases high rise buildings have more vulnerable to earthquake and wind loads. Most of the reinforced concrete multi-storeyed frame buildings were heavily damaged and many of them completely collapsed during due earthquakes. RC frame buildings were severely damaged due to various deficiencies when proper codal provisions are not designed. A study is need to study the behaviour of the RC framed structure under earthquake load to reduce the damage caused by earthquake forces In this investigation a RC framed building of G+20 storeyed is considered in several seismic zones under different soils as per Indian Standard code IS 1893(part1):2016, using STAAD. Pro V8i as software tool. Finally evaluate the ultimate Base shear using Equivalent static method and Response spectrum method addressing under design forces.

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4

Katsimpini, Panagiota S., and George A. Papagiannopoulos. "Effectiveness of the Seesaw System as a Means of Seismic Upgrading in Older, Non-Ductile Reinforced Concrete Buildings." Vibration 6, no. 1 (January 21, 2023): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration6010008.

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This work investigates and discusses the effectiveness of the seesaw system when installed in an older, non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) building for seismic upgrading purposes. In particular, two different configurations of the seesaw system are assumed in a two-storey 3D RC framed building which was designed according to older seismic provisions and, thus, is susceptible to flexural and shear failures. To check if there is any merit in employing the seesaw system in this RC building, non-linear time-history (NLTH) analyses are conducting using 11 seismic motions. Peak values for inter-story drift ratios (IDR), residual inter-story drift ratios (RIDR) and floor accelerations (FA) are computed, and the sequence and cause (i.e., due to surpass of flexural or shear strength) of plastic hinge formations are monitored. Leaving aside any issues related to fabrication and cost, interpretation of the results obtained by the aforementioned seismic response indices for the RC building under study leads to the conclusion that the seesaw system can be a retrofitting scheme for the seismic upgrading of older, non-ductile RC framed buildings.

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5

Talledo, Diego Alejandro, Irene Rocca, Luca Pozza, Marco Savoia, and Anna Saetta. "Numerical Assessment of an Innovative RC-Framed Skin for Seismic Retrofit Intervention on Existing Buildings." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 9835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219835.

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The seismic safety of existing building stock has become a very critical issue in recent years, mainly in earthquake-prone South Europe where most of the buildings were designed before the enforcement of seismic standards. Therefore, the concept, development and testing of efficient and cost-effective seismic retrofitting technologies are nowadays strongly needed, both for the society and for the scientific community. This study deals with the seismic assessment of a new RC-framed skin for retrofit intervention of existing buildings, evaluated through nonlinear static (pushover) analyses. A preliminary description of the proposed technology is provided, then numerical modeling of a typical RC existing building before and after retrofitting intervention is performed within the OpenSees framework. The results revealed that the proposed retrofitting technology improves the seismic performance of the RC building, also modifying the failure mode from a brittle soft-story mechanism to a more ductile one. The presented study, dedicated to the structural aspects of the system, is part of the TIMESAFE research project, where the thermo-hygrometric and acoustic performances achievable by the proposed RC-framed skin are also investigated.

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6

Rathore, Mohit. "Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Building with Infill Wall and Overhead Water Tank." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 966–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49161.

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Abstract: Infill walls are typically treated as non-structural elements in building design and assessment, and they are ignored in analysis methods because they are assumed to be non-beneficial to response of a structure. Reinforced concrete framed buildings with infill walls are typically analysed as bare frames, with strength and stiffness contributions of the infills ignored. In this study an attempt is be made to find the effect of overhead water tank load on RC building with unreinforced infill wall. From the study it has been found that water tank load makes RC building more vulnerable against lateral loads, but proper incorporation of unreinforced infill walls can enhance storey stiffness, storey drift and other structural deformations parameters.

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7

Jagadeesan, P., N. Sudharsan, S. M. Subash, Pradeep Thirumoorthy, B. Sugumaran, Jabar Abdul Bari, R. Vetturayasudharsanan, D. Ambika, K. Sharmiladevi, and Kathiresan Karuppanan. "Study on Performance of Infilled Wall in an RC-Framed Structure Using a Reinforcing Band." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (September 6, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8643959.

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Infilled wall is a primary structure which is used in a multistorey RC-framed structure. It is not designed like structural elements, but it is subjected to structural load and response as a heavily damaged element into the building. The main problem of an infilled wall is not actively utilizing in the framed structure and it is not interacted with frame elements. The objective of research is to utilize the infilled wall in the RC-framed structure by improving its performance of behavior. Here, two different types of brick masonry like Autoclaved concrete and clay brick masonry were used as the infilled wall in an RC-framed structure. A singly bay and single storey RC framed structure was cast and tested under a 1/10th scale model by diagonal compressive loading. The specimen was subjected to static loading by a universal testing machine. Infilled wall is weak in tension, so a reinforcing band was used to improve the performance like load carrying capacity, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity. Based on the results of the experimental study, it is found that reinforcing band with the infilled wall gives better behavior of the RC-framed structure.

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8

Cinitha, A., P. K. Umesha, Nagesh R Iyer, and N. Lakshmanan. "Performance-based Seismic Evaluation of RC Framed Building." Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A 96, no. 4 (August 28, 2015): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40030-015-0129-8.

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9

Thapa, Gokarna, and Govind Prasad Lamichhane. "Seismic vulnerability assessment of public RC framed building." Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research 12, no. 3 (2023): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2278-4853.2023.00042.3.

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10

Mehdipour, Zabih, Elisa Poletti, Jorge M. Branco, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Numerical Analysis of Masonry-Infilled RC-CLT Panel Connections." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12112009.

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CLT panels have been investigated for reinforcement of existing masonry-infilled RC framed buildings through the increase of the overall lateral stiffness of the structure, thus reducing the story drift demand. The contribution of CLT panels depends on the connection to the RC frame elements. This paper evaluates the role of connectors by which CLT is attached to RC frames for capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation of the structure and its elements separately using different kinds of RC-CLT connections, and ultimately finds and compares the optimum number and arrangement of connectors. The results show that the geometry of connections plays a greater seismic role in RC frames than their mechanical properties. Regarding masonry infills, they allow a higher strength capacity but reduce the efficacy of CLT strengthening. However, strong connectors decrease the ability of infills in dissipation. Finally, in the optimum arrangement of connectors, they are distributed equally along the upper and lower beams at equal spacing, where CLT is added, starting in the middle of the beams and moving to the frame corners.

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11

Kumar, Jawala, and Mr Varun Kumar Sikka. "Moment Capacity Ratio at Column – Beam Joint in a RC Framed Structure." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 6, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v6i3.274.

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Beam-column joint is the gap in the modern ductile design of building. Especially under the earthquake loading this is more susceptible to damage. Due to brittle nature of failure this type of failure cannot be afford. Since 1970’s this areas is under the light of research, but with the paper of Park and Paul, It got momentum. But still due to versatile nature of the joints core behaviour, the problem is still persisting. Though many international codes recommend the moment capacity ratio at beam column joint to be more than one, There are discrepancies among the major international codes with regard to MCR. Indian standard codes for design of RC framed buildings are silent on this aspect. Draft 13920 (2014) code suggests a value of MCR similar to other international codes without proper theoretical basis. Hence a rational study is required on the values of MCR. A computationally attractive procedure for calculating flexural capacity of column developed for determining MCR at a beam-column joint. To reach at an appropriate and acceptable MCR for capacity design of RC framed building reliability based approach is done. This research deals with the fragility and reliability analysis of five, seven and ten storey RC frames designed using various values of MCR ranging from 1.0 to 3.2. The RC frames are designed as per IS 1893 (2002) for all seismic zones. Hazard curves required of various seismic location in India (like zone II, III, IV and V) has been selected from National Disaster Management Authority, Government of India. Seismic risk assessment of all the designed buildings is conducted and based on the achieved Reliability Index and the Target Reliability Index minimum value of Moment Capacity Ratio (MCR) is suggested.

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12

Jamaiwar, Mr Ritesh, and Prof Prajwalita Thamke. "Seismic Assessment of Existing Gravity Load-Designed RC Framed Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 1401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48836.

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Abstract: Reinforced concrete frames designed with early seismic codes, or sometimes without seismic codes, tend to be low and in most cases have limited ductility. Very often the details are poor and therefore the critical zones do not behave flexibly and have delicate failure mechanisms. Because of these problems, the evaluation of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures requires a complex procedure. A summary of the models that allow the analysis of the nonlinear behavior of RC structures is discussed. An innovative numerical model is presented that takes into account the main mechanical phenomena influencing the nonlinear behavior of RC frames. Finally, the influence of different force and deformation sources on the global behavior of existing buildings is investigated and the necessary features of numerical models are pointed out.

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13

P. Sangamnerkar and S. K. Dubey. "Effect of Plan Area of the Building on Period of Vibration of RC Framed Structures." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 17 (January 1, 2017): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.17215.

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Fundamental natural period of vibration T of the building is an important parameter for evaluation of seismic base shear. Empirical equations given in the Indian seismic code for the calculation of the fundamental period of a framed structure, primarily as a function of height, and do not consider the effect of stiffness of the structure, base dimensions of the structure, number of panels in both the directions, plan are of the building and amount of infill as well as properties of the infill. The fundamental natural period can be evaluated using simplified expressions found in codes, which are based on earthquake recordings in existing buildings, laboratory tests, numerical or analytical computations. These technical codes provide expressions which depend on basic parameters such as building height or number of stories. Building periods predicted by these expressions are widely used in practice although it has been observed that there is a scope for further improvement in these equations, since the height alone is inadequate to explain period variability. It is also known that the period of a RC frame structure differs depending on whether the longitudinal or transverse direction of the structure is considered. The aim of this study is to find the effects of plan area of the building to predict the fundamental natural period of vibration of reinforced concrete buildings with moment resisting frames (MRF). A few examples of dynamic analysis are presented in this study in order to show that the effect of plan area of the structure in calculating the time period of the structure.

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14

Haider, Syed Muhammad Bilal, Zafarullah Nizamani, Chun-Chieh Yip, and Jing-Ying Wong. "NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF TWO STOREY RC BUILDING MODEL." Jurnal Teknologi 83, no. 4 (June 7, 2021): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.16390.

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Peninsular Malaysia lies in a low seismic zone, but its building structures had come across the concrete deterioration due to the seismic ground motion originated from far or near field. Notably, most of the building structures in this country are designed based on wind load only. Moreover, current practice to analyze or design a building such as FEMA 368 and EC8 underestimated the effect of repeated excitations. These guidelines only considered single vibrations to evaluate the framed structure. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the performance of private educational institute reinforced concrete building with generic 3D two storey frame structure under multiple seismic motions. Structural model was examined under series of earthquake motions which include pre-shock, main shock and aftershock scenario. Total of 7 seismic ground motions were selected to quantify the structural frame model by nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. Pseudo-dynamic ground motions were recorded on shaking table ranging from 0.18 g to 0.82 g were applied onto the building model for assessment. The outcome of this study has identified that the low-rise building model survived at higher PGA values. Moderate damages (0.25 ≤ DI < 0.40) were recorded after passing through multiple ground motions. Moreover, low seismic vibrations with large ground movement had caused ground floor storey act as soft storey. The study concluded that low rise building model had higher tendency to absorb lower to higher ‘g’ values and resist the earthquake loading due to the strength of framed structure.

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15

Patil, Udaysingh. "Seismic Response of a RC Framed Building with SSI." HELIX 9, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 5764–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29042/2019-5764-5767.

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16

Abd-Elhamed, Ayman Mohammed, and Sayed Mahmoud. "Linear and Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Masonry Infill RC Framed Buildings." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 10 (November 4, 2017): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-030922.

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This paper aimed to investigate the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings under linear and non-linear dynamic analysis. Different building models as bare frame and fully masonry infill frame have been developed for performing the analysis. In order to investigate the effect of irregular distributions of masonry infill walls in elevation on the seismic response behavior, an infill frame model with soft story has also been developed. The linear response spectrum (RS) dynamic analysis and the nonlinear time-history (TH) analysis methods are employed. Moreover, the induced energies in terms of input, potential and kinetic are also obtained from the TH analysis. Moreover, the interaction between infill walls and frames leads to considerable change in the induced responses comparable with the bare model.

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17

Wankhade, Vaishnavi Nitin. "A Seismic Vulnerability and Fragility of RC Conventional and Monolithic Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 4732–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45042.

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Abstract: This thesis aim is to study the modeling and analysis of monolithic building by STAAD PRO modeling of normal framed building and regular monolithic building have to be conducted and analysis and modeling of different plan irregular building, using equivalent static analysis, modal analysis, response spectrum analysis. The earthquake response of the building and damage assessment and are found out by comparing the analysis result. The earthquake parameters of building is comparing in X-direction. In this study the vulnerability assessment is analyzed by DCR method. In this study we compared the RC building and monolithic buildings analysis with two types of seismic zones

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Masi, Angelo, and Giuseppe Santarsiero. "Seismic Tests on RC Building Exterior Joints with Wide Beams." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.771.

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Reliable assessment procedures of existing RC buildings are currently available, and have been introduced in the Italian and European codes reporting new rules for seismic analysis. However, further studies are required in order to further improve such procedures and, specifically, obtain more accurate data on the behavior of beam-column joints, whose role on the global behavior of framed RC buildings can be crucial. Until now studies on this issue have been mainly devoted to joint specimens with stiff beams, however frame structures having wide (also called flexible or flat) beams are widely used in the European residential building stock. To this purpose, given the lack of knowledge, an experimental investigation on full scale beam-column joints with wide beam has been planned and is currently in progress. In the present paper the main results of three tests are reported and discussed. The role of different earthquake resistant design levels on joint performances is pointed out.

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19

Shrestha, Ashish, Bikal Kandel, Mandip Shrestha, Basanta Adhikari, and Ashish Poudel. "Impact of Shear Wall Location on the Response of RC Framed Building." OCEM Journal of Management, Technology & Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (April 19, 2023): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ocemjmtss.v2i2.54248.

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The objective of this study was to understand the impact of storey walls on the Response of RC Framed Building. The shear wall provides huge stiffness against lateral load, making the structure less vulnerable during the Earthquake. The location of the shear wall plays a vital load defending seismic force on the building. The research method was experimental research. In this paper, the most favorable position of the shear wall was determined by creating different alternates ALT-1, ALT-2, ALT-3 and ALT-4. The results of storey drift, lateral sway and base share were computed with the base model. Finite element software ETABS was used for the linear dynamic analysis and design of 11 storey building. The results show that Lateral sway and storey drift declined with the introduction of a shear wall with a central location exhibiting the most desirable result. The implication of this study would be beneficial to the Engineering Department of OCEM, students, researchers, and scholars to know the impact of Shear Wall Location on the Response of RC Framed Buildings.

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Bilgin, Hüseyin, and Rezarta Uruçi. "Effects of structural irregularities on low and mid-rise RC building response." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 4, no. 2 (June 9, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2018.02.001.

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During the recent earthquakes, it has been observed that structural irregularities are one of the main reasons of the building damage. Irregularities are weak points in a building which may cause failure of one element or total collapse of the building during an earthquake. Since Albania is a country with moderate seismicity which has been hit by earthquakes of different magnitudes many times establishes the need to study the effect of irregularities is well-founded. The main structural irregularities encountered in Albanian construction practice consist of short column, large and heavy overhangs and soft story. In this study, these types of irregularities are considered in two different types of buildings, low and mid-rise reinforced concrete frame buildings represented by 3- and 6- story respectively. Pushover analyses are deployed to get the effect of structural irregularities on RC building response. A building set is chosen to represent the existing construction practice in the region; regular framed building and buildings with irregularities such as soft stories, short columns, heavy overhangs and the presence of soft story with heavy overhangs. The analyses have been conducted by using ETABS and Seismosoft software. Pushover curves of building set are determined by nonlinear static analysis in two orthogonal directions. Comparative performance evaluations are done by considering EC8 and Albanian Seismic codes (KTP-N2-89). From the obtained results, it is observed that low and mid-rise structures with soft story- two sided overhangs and short column are more vulnerable during earthquakes.

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Margani, Giuseppe, Gianpiero Evola, Carola Tardo, and Edoardo Michele Marino. "Energy, Seismic, and Architectural Renovation of RC Framed Buildings with Prefabricated Timber Panels." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 13, 2020): 4845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124845.

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In seismic European countries most of the residential building stock is highly energy-intensive and earthquake-prone because it was built before the enforcement of the most recent energy and seismic codes. Furthermore, this stock often shows a low architectural quality due to poor maintenance and/or construction and design deficiencies: for all these reasons, it needs deep renovation, but the use of common energy and seismic upgrading techniques is often unsustainable in terms of costs, work duration, and occupants’ disturbance. Therefore, new integrated, affordable, fast, and low-disruptive renovation actions are strongly needed. This study proposes an innovative energy, seismic, and architectural renovation solution for reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings, based on the addition of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels to the outer walls, in combination with wooden-framed panels. The two panels integrate insulation and cladding materials in order to improve the energy performance and the architectural image of the renovated building. Moreover, the CLT panels are connected to the existing RC frame through innovative seismic energy dissipation devices. In case of an earthquake, these devices in combination with the CLT panels reduce the drift demand of the building, preventing or reducing structural damages and consequent repair costs. In particular, this paper investigates the technical feasibility, the energy efficiency, and the architectural enhancement of the proposed retrofitting system. To this purpose, dynamic thermal simulations were conducted on a typical multi-story residential building from the 1960s, located in Catania, Italy. The results indicated that this retrofitting technique considerably improved the energy performance of the selected building, with a reduction of the global energy demand up to nearly 60%. The presented study is part of a larger research project aimed at also investigating, in a further stage, the seismic performance achievable by the above-mentioned renovation solution.

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Wang, Qi Ming, Ke Jian Ma, Zhi Hua Chen, and Tao Sun. "A Building System Called RC Grid Framed-Tube with Gypsum Wall." Advanced Materials Research 382 (November 2011): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.382.233.

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A new building system, which is called concrete grid framed tube with gypsum wall, is introduced in this paper. On the basis of an actual office building in Tang Shan city using this new system, the mechanical characteristics, economy and technology target are studied. The result indicates that: this new building system has good seismic behavior and high economic benefit and it is worth further study and further application.

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Panthi, Ashim, Ashin Lamsal, Binod Pathak, Kishor Poudel, and Bharat Pradhan. "Design Demands of RC Buildings Due to Irregularities." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 8, no. 1 (June 23, 2023): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55915.

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The RC-framed building is one of the most common construction technique for seismic-resistant structures due to its ductile nature. However, the seismic performance of RC structures can be significantly influenced by different factors, irregularities being one of the most important aspect. Irregularities on buildings increase the lateral seismic forces and inter-storey drifts thus increasing seismic demands in the structural elements. Due to architectural or functional requirements, many times irregularities cannot be avoided even though such arrangements are discouraged in the building codes including the Nepal National Building Code (NBC) 105:2020. Although many studies have been performed to quantify the effects of such irregularities internationally, design effect has not been analyzed in the context of Nepal and NBC 105:2020. Therefore, this study aims to present the variation in design demand for RC buildings in different irregularities scenarios. Three buildings models exhibiting irregularities in torsion, stiffness, and diaphragm are taken and analyzed in Finite Element platform SAP 2000 and compared with a regular building in terms of storey drift, internal forces, etc. The final design of the structural elements shows that the design demand in terms of section size and reinforcements can be significantly influenced by the presence of such irregularities.

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Malama Kushwaha, Vikash Kumar Badal, and Zeyaul Haque. "Seismic effectiveness of retrofitting techniques for RC framed structure." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 8, no. 2 (March 30, 2023): 018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.2.0130.

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Many potentially devastating earthquakes have been allowed to occur in India. The Indian subcontinent suffered a devastating earthquake. The resulting human and material costs are enormous. The Bhuj earthquake hit Gujarat around 8:40 a.m. on January 26th, 2001. A lot of things have changed after the earthquake. India’s seismic regulations. There is a great need to evaluate the seismic performance of existing RC frame buildings, many of which were designed for a different load, and to retrofit them as necessary to increase their strength against earthquake forces, given what is known about the causes of past earthquakes and the likelihood that similar events will occur in the future. As we saw in the Bhuj Earthquake of 2001, open ground storey frame structures are especially vulnerable to the destructive forces of earthquakes, making it imperative that the ground story be fortified against massive deformation. The first floor of this G+3 building in Seismic Zone 4 has been retrofitted using three different methods. Here is a list of them: jacketing for the basement’s concrete slab. Filler wall made of reinforced concrete. Iron Reinforcement. Therefore, the primary goal of this research is to determine the efficacy of various retrofitting strategies with respect to reducing seismic risk.

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Spires, David, and J. S. Arora. "Optimal Design of Tall RC‐Framed Tube Buildings." Journal of Structural Engineering 116, no. 4 (April 1990): 877–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1990)116:4(877).

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S, Naveen Kumar. "Lateral Load Analysis of High-Rise RC Framed Building with and without RC Shear Walls." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 3630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.5596.

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Hejazi, Farzad, Samira Jilani Kojouri, Jamal Noorzaei, M. S. Jaafar, W. A. Thanoon, and A. Ali Abang Abdullah. "Inelastic Seismic Response of RC Building with Control System." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.241.

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Conventional buildings are mainly designed based on elastic analysis of structures subjected to moderate earthquakes. In this case, the seismic forces are much smaller than the forces introduced by strong ground motions with the considered structural behavior going to nonlinear response during these severe earthquakes. Improving the earthquake resistance of reinforced concrete buildings using a variety of earthquake energy dissipation systems has received considerable attention in recent years by civil engineers. In the present study, a nonlinear computational scheme was developed to predict the complete nonlinear dynamic response of reinforced concrete framed buildings equipped with viscous damper device subjected to earthquake excitation. A finite element program code is developed based on the nonlinear analysis procedure of reinforced concrete buildings equipped with viscous damper devices and a two dimensional, five story models of RC buildings subjected to earthquake were analyzed. Result of nonlinear analysis of RC buildings which furnished by viscous dampers indicated that using of viscous dampers effectively reduced the damages occurring in the building and structural motion during severe earthquakes.

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Dudhal, Mr Vaibhav B. "Effect of Variation in Shapes of High Rise Structures on Resistance against Seismic Loads." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 1659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53943.

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Abstract: When a building is carried by Heavy Loads, which includes both Earthquakes and wind loads, a major building collapse occurs. Many modern buildings are involved in the value of buildings, and it is very difficult to plan with a standard design. This inconsistency is the cause of building collapse due to flexible loads. As a result, thorough research is needed to achieve high performance and even poor configuration. The impact of vertical alignment and bulk instability on multi-storey buildings under flexible loads is investigated in this work. Three RC building frames have been selected, and it is recommended that all framed and modified frames be analyzed. The ETABS analysis system is recommended to be analyzed by all parties to determine all migrations. The 3-D frames of the G + 20 floor with the same height arrangement across its entire length and the exact uneven configuration starting on the 9th floor are considered in this study. It is suggested that the responses of all previous frames are limited to all upload combinations. The reaction spectrum analysis method is proposed to detect lateral loads and floor checks of all three frames due to earthquake loads, and IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016 recommends dynamic analysis (direct dynamic analysis).

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Rimal, Suspana, Bibek Pokhrel, Sunil Shrestha, and Bharat Pradhan. "Design Demand of RC Building as per Soil Type." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 8, no. 1 (June 23, 2023): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55919.

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The RC-framed building is one of the most common construction techniques for seismic-resistant structures due to its ductile nature. But the seismic performance of the RC structure is affected by various factors among which site soil condition is vital. The sub-soil condition affects the time period of the structure which eventually impacts the earthquake force in the structure, thus making variations in seismic loadings. Although several studies have been performed and design elastic spectra have been defined as per soil types in the design codes, there are no studies quantifying the effect of design demand in the buildings due to variation of soil type in the context of Nepal and NBC 105:2020. Therefore, this study aims to present the variation in design demand for moderately high-rise RC buildings in different soil types. A representative sample building has been taken and analyzed in the Finite Element platform SAP 2000. Numerical analysis is performed using linear static and response spectrum methods. Based on the study, variation in the base shear, story displacement, inter-story drift, and section size to meet the limit state of strength are compared for soil types A, B, C, and D.

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Ramesh, Vemundla, and Chitla Raju. "Effect of different grades of concrete on rc framed multi-storied building." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901194.

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Due to the application of advanced material technology, concrete with high compressive strength is currently produced and used in many countries. This type of concrete can be produced by micro-silica and superplasticizers as well as applying good quality control procedures. The use of high-strength concrete (HSC) in building construction is becoming popular because it has many advantages such as increased strength and stiffness, reduced size of concrete sections, improved resistance to creep and drying shrinkage, and material durability. Therefore we can use high strength concrete (HSC) in columns and normal strength concrete (NSC) for beams & floor sections. Thus this study will investigate the performance of 8 storey tall buildings in ZoneIV for medium grade soil with varying high strength concrete (HSC) normal strength concrete (NSC) subjected to far-field ground motions scaled to collapse of the structure using varying grades (M20, M25, M30, M35, M40, and M50) of concrete strength subjected to seismic ground motions scaled to collapse of the structure using a linear static method and this will be achieved through analytical modeling and analysis using ETABS2018 software.

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Bahadir, Fatih, Mehmet Kamanli, Hasan Husnu Korkmaz, Fatih Suleyman Balik, Alptug Unal, and Serra Zerrin Korkmaz. "Strengthening of Gravity Load Designed Reinforced Concrete Frames with the External RC Shear Walls." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.265.

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Turkey is situated on a very earthquake zone of the world namely Alp-Himalayan Earthquake Zone. Several destructive earthquakes resulted in high dead losses in the last century. Turkish building stock consisted of nonductile RC framed structures commonly 3 to 7 stories. The common properties of the existing structures is the poor lateral resistance. The residental buildings with poor earthquake resistance must be rehabilitated with a rapid, economical, feasible and effective strengthening methods. The external shear wall addition to the existing poor frame is studied experimentally in this study. 6 specimens were tested under reversed cyclic lateral loading simulating the seismic action. The first specimen was the reference specimen and didn't contain any strengthening and tested to see reference behaviour. The other specimens were strengthened with external shear walls with or without openings. The size of the openings is a parameter in the study. Secons specimen didn't contain any opening. Columns of the frames also jacketed with reinforced concrete. The maximum lateral load carrying capacity, ductility capacities, energy consuption capacities, improvement in the lateral rigidities were investigated.

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Smiroldo, Francesco, Isabella Paviani, Ivan Giongo, Stefano Zanon, Rossano Albatici, and Maurizio Piazza. "An Integrated Approach to Improve Seismic and Energetic Behaviour of RC Framed Buildings Using Timber Panels." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 11304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011304.

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In the present paper, an integrated intervention system applicable to concrete-framed buildings is presented. The purpose of the intervention is to improve both the seismic and the energetic behaviour of such buildings using cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels. Two alternative intervention configurations with different levels of invasiveness are described. Considering a double-wythe masonry-infilled frame, the most invasive configuration consists in the replacement of the external masonry wythe with the CLT panel, while the least invasive configuration consists in the arrangement of the CLT panel from the outside without removing the wythes. The technical details and implementation procedures were studied, considering functionality and disturbance to occupants. An isolated one-storey-one-bay frame was used as a reference for the seismic and thermal analyses. Subsequently, the two intervention configurations were applied to a case-study building by identifying two alternative intervention strategies. The obtained results showed that the proposed integrated intervention approach can significantly reduce both the seismic vulnerability and the energy consumption of concrete buildings.

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Islam, Md Shafiqul, and Aojoy Kumar Shuvo. "Comparative study of strengthening strategies for reinforced concrete frame with soft ground story." Challenge Journal of Concrete Research Letters 8, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjcrl.2017.04.003.

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One of the common forms of reinforced concrete (RC) framed building is to provide parking facility at ground level which is created by not providing any infill masonry at parking floor level. Due to the presence of infill walls in the entire upper story except for the ground story makes the upper stories much stiffer than the open ground story resulting in their poor performance during earthquakes. So strengthening of such reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings with an open ground story is indispensable. In the present study several Strengthening options were evaluated for their effectiveness in improving the performance of such building without disturbing the parking facility of ground story based on linear and nonlinear analysis. The strengthening techniques studied were changing column dimension, providing diagonal bracing, lateral buttresses, shear wall, and providing chevron. The Strengthened building results were compared with the results of the original structure to deduce the structural performance improvement and cost associated to each solution were determined to develop cost efficiency relation for different strengthening technique. Providing lateral buttresses in the open first story was found to be more feasible in both case of increase ground story strength and economic point of view among all strengthening options.

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Zucconi, Maria, Marco Bovo, and Barbara Ferracuti. "Fragility Curves of Existing RC Buildings Accounting for Bidirectional Ground Motion." Buildings 12, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070872.

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In recent decades, the considerable number of worldwide earthquakes caused considerable damage and several building collapses, underlining the high vulnerability of the existing buildings designed without seismic provisions. In this regard, this work analyses the seismic performance of a reinforced concrete building designed without any seismic criteria, characterized by a seismically-stronger and a seismically-weaker direction, such as several existing reinforced concrete-framed structures designed for vertical load only. The case study building was modelled in OpenSees considering a non-linear three-dimensional model, also accounting for the contribution of joint panel deformability on the global behavior. Thirty bidirectional ground motions have been applied to the structure with the highest component alternatively directed along the two principal building directions. Time-history analyses have been performed for eight increasing hazard levels with the aim of evaluating the influence of bidirectional ground motion on structural response and estimating the seismic vulnerability of the building. The seismic performance of the structures are provided in terms of fragility curves for the two principal directions of the building and for different damage states defined according to the European Macroseismic Scale.

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35

Hur, Moo-Won, Sang-Hyun Lee, and Young-Soo Chun. "Seismic Capacity of Non-seismic Designed RC Framed Building Retrofitted by CBD System." Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute 27, no. 6 (December 30, 2015): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4334/jkci.2015.27.6.625.

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36

Barnaure, Mircea, and Daniel Nicolae Stoica. "Analysis Of Masonry Infilled RC Frame Structures Under Lateral Loading." Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmce-2015-0004.

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Abstract Partition walls are often made of masonry in Romania. Although they are usually considered non-structural elements in the case of reinforced concrete framed structures, the infill panels contribute significantly to the seismic behaviour of the building. Their impact is difficult to assess, mainly because the interaction between the bounding frame and the infill is an intricate issue. This paper analyses the structural behaviour of a masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame system subjected to in - plane loading. Three numerical models are proposed and their results are compared in terms of stiffness and strength of the structure. The role of the openings in the infill panel on the behaviour is analysed and discussed. The effect of gaps between the frame and the infill on the structural behaviour is also investigated. Comparisons are made with the in-force Romanian and European regulations provisions.

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37

Pozza, Luca, Anna Degli Esposti, Alessandra Bonoli, Diego Talledo, Luca Barbaresi, Giovanni Semprini, and Marco Savoia. "Multidisciplinary Performance Assessment of an Eco-Sustainable RC-Framed Skin for the Integrated Upgrading of Existing Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 9225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169225.

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Recent earthquakes have highlighted a general inadequacy of the existing building stock in Italy and the need to address this critical issue by increasing its structural resilience. At the same time, the problem of energy consumption in existing residential and commercial buildings is increasingly significant and incompatible with the environmental targets set by governments. Considering all the aforementioned aspects, the seismic upgrading of existing buildings, based on the use of an eco-friendly and sustainable technology, has become more and more relevant and different intervention approaches have been developed. This paper aims to provide a multidisciplinary approach for the performance assessment of an eco-friendly and sustainable RC-framed skin for integrated refurbishment of existing buildings. A preliminary description of such skin technology is provided with particular attention to the simultaneous improvement of structural (e.g., seismic) and non-structural (e.g., energy, acoustic) performances and to issues concerning the limitation of invasiveness and interruption of use of the building. Technological details and in situ installation phases are described with special regard to connection and interaction with the existing building. Procedures for the assessment of upgraded building performances, in terms of seismic capacity and thermo-hygrometric and acoustic performances, are defined and applied to a selected basic cell structure. The feasibility and sustainability of the proposed upgrading intervention is finally investigated by means of a holistic Life Cycle Assessment for environmental impact and Life Cycle Cost for an economic evaluation. Finally, results from a multidisciplinary performance assessment are critically discussed by relating the performance aspects to the technological and installation issues.

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38

Chun, Young-Soo, and Jong-Dae Bang. "Mitigating Seismic Response of RC Framed Apartment Building Using Isotropic Hysteretic Steel Dampers." LHI Journal of Land, Housing, and Urban Affairs 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5804/lhij.2014.5.2.107.

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39

Vasudev, Deepali. "Comparative Study on Seismic Analysis of Multi Storied RC Framed Structure with and without Diaphragm Discontinuity." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38474.

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Abstract: Any Structure that is designed in today’s world has to be designed not only for aesthetics but also for stability. These days high rise multi storied structures are quiet prominent. These types of structures, should not only be designed for aesthetic point of view but also must be designed to resist earthquake forces which are subjected on these structures. These earthquake forces acting on the structures are also known as seismic forces. Due to architectural purposes, some buildings, have openings, provided in them, this creates structural discontinuities in the building. These openings or discontinuities can change the load transfer path of the structures which may cause significant change in the building behavior, under the application of the seismic forces. In this paper pushover analysis is carried out to study the behavior of the building in case of architectural opening for staircase or cut outs etc which results in discontinuity in the structure. Keywords: Diaphragm, Discontinuity, ETABS, Pushover Analysis, Seismic

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40

Chaulagain, Hemchandra, Hugo Rodrigues, Enrico Spacone, and Humberto Varum. "Design Procedures of Reinforced Concrete Framed Buildings in Nepal and its Impact on Seismic Safety." Advances in Structural Engineering 17, no. 10 (November 2014): 1419–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.17.10.1419.

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The present paper analyses the design procedure and its impact on seismic safety of the structures. For this, a representative reinforced concrete frame building (WDS) is designed and the results are compared with similar buildings detailed with: i) Current Construction Practices (CCP); ii) the Nepal Building Code (NBC) and iii) the Modified Nepal Building Code (NBC+) recommendations. The seismic performance evaluation is done with global strength, inter-storey drift and displacement of the structures. Likewise, the sensitivity of the structural and geometrical parameters of the RC frame building is studied through nonlinear analysis. The study parameters considered for parametric analysis are column size, beam size, inter-storey height, bay length, bay width, and compressive strength of concrete. The results show that the influence on the structural behaviour, particularly by variation in column size and inter-storey height. Additionally, the influence of the seismic zone factor on reinforcement demand of the structure is studied. The result shows that structures designed for high to medium seismic hazard demands double the reinforcement in beams compared to structures in low seismic zone.

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41

Falcão Moreira, Rodrigo, Humberto Varum, and José Miguel Castro. "Influence of Masonry Infill Walls on the Seismic Assessment of Non-Seismically Designed RC Framed Structures." Buildings 13, no. 5 (April 26, 2023): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051148.

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This paper examines how the decision to include (or exclude) masonry infill walls in the modelling of non-seismically designed RC framed structures can affect the results of the EC8-3 seismic assessment process. A frequently used macro-modelling technique for the simulation of infill panels within bounding RC members is first reviewed. A case-study application follows in which the seismic assessment of a sample structure is carried out, with and without considering the effect of its infill walls, using nonlinear static and dynamic analysis models. The obtained results are then discussed according to the applicable limit states’ performance requirements, and conclusions are drawn regarding the overall outcome. The study indicates that, when low and medium seismic input motions constitute the base demand for the assessment of older-type RC framed buildings, the protection provided to the RC members by the confined masonry infill panels should not be neglected. Moreover, it shows that the identification of the most likely collapse mechanism might also be significantly influenced by the modelling decision in question. As such, the default recommendation is to include masonry infill walls in the modelling of such structures.

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42

Raj, Ranjana. "Analysis of RC Framed Post Tensioned Slab Structure to Evaluate the Performance of Floating Column with and without Shear Wall using ETABS." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 5279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36201.

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This research aims to develop analytical study of post tensioned slab with floating column. In present scenario buildings with floating columns are of typical feature within the fashionable multi storey construction practices in urban India. Such sorts of constructions are highly undesirable in building inbuilt seismically active areas. For this buildings are given floating columns at one or more storey. These floating columns are highly disadvantageous during a building inbuilt seismically active area. The earthquake forces that are developed at different floor levels during a building got to be carried down along the peak to the bottom by the shortest path. Deviation or discontinuity during this load transfer path leads to poor performance of the building. In this paper, analytical study of post tensioned slab to evaluate the performance of floating column at ground level or at alternative story for G + 10 story building without shear wall, shear wall at corner, shear wall at center, shear wall at external middle and combined shear wall are provided for regular building is taken for study. The response of building like storey drift, storey displacement and storey shear has been wont to evaluate the results obtained using ETABS software.

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43

Ibrahim, A. R., D. A. Makhloof, and Xiaodan Ren. "Probabilistic progressive collapse assessment for RC framed-wall structure." Structures 48 (February 2023): 551–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2022.12.115.

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44

Chen, Bo Wang, Yang Oyang, and Jian Guo Tan. "Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Tall Building Structure of Concrete Filled Steel Tube (CFST) with Transfer Story." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 1882–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.1882.

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The seismic performance test of the model CFST tube structure with transfer story has been finished. The model with 13 floors and with a scale of 1:10 consists of an outer-tube and an inner-tube. The former is a framed tube supported on CFST frames and the latter is an RC tube. A series of seismic performance tests of the model, which is equivalent as two degrees of freedom system, on acceleration earthquake waves in four cases (0.22g, 0.4g, 0.62g and 1.0g) have been fulfilled. The experiment has illustrated that the CFST tube structure is an outstanding structural style with excellent anti-seismic behavior.

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45

Nishane, Utkarsh R. "Comparison of Seismic Zone-II & Zone-V With Respect to Wind Effects on High Rise Structure Using ETABS." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40015.

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Abstract: Reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings with ground parking are commonly seen in major cities. These RC framed structures are constructed in densely populated cities of developing countries all around India. Earthquakes in the past have major effects on the life and economy as to the buildings and infrastructure was poorly built. Earthquake and wind are both juggernaut as they cannot be stopped in any way, though the solutions are provided only to safeguard the buildings. It is therefore necessary to analyse and modify the building elements satisfactorily to withstand earthquake and wind effects. The Indian code for wind load resisting structure is prepared for analysis of the building and to design the structure for resisting wind loading effects. The wind loading is predominant in effect for three seconds. When the wind loading is taken account the internal pressure of wind and external pressure of the wind loading is taken into account. Wind acts on the surface that is been exposed to it. Mostly windward wind is considered to act on the building. The parameter from analysis of the wind loading on the structure is compared to seismic loading in different zones. Practically seismic effect on building is unpredictable though there is specification suggested in IS code for designing of earthquake resistant structure. The structure is accordingly designed and analysed with proper method with respect to the building height and plan aspect. The response of the building to lateral forces of seismic loading is considered to be in horizontal direction whereas the force acting in the vertical direction is negligible. The response of the building is considered to the same movement that of the shaking to earth motion. The response of building in wind loading effect is compared with response of the elements in seismic loading effects. Up to a certain height wind effect is considered to be same. Seismic loading affects from the foundation itself and the lateral force shake the building in the direction of earthquake motion. The design criteria can be changed when building can be efficiently analysed for both wind and seismic effect. With the help of comparison of the building structure in seismic and wind loading effect, the building can be designed safely if in the analysis the structure is shown failure. Precautions can be adopted in designing of the building material or the building elements. The consulting structural engineer needs to design, and build to safeguard the building from the seismic and wind effect Keywords: Earthquake, Bending moment, Seismic zones, Wind, Direction, Effects.

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46

Gino, Diego, Costanza Anerdi, Paolo Castaldo, Mario Ferrara, Gabriele Bertagnoli, and Luca Giordano. "Seismic Upgrading of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings Using Friction Pendulum Devices: A Probabilistic Evaluation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 8980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248980.

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In many countries around the world a huge number of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures have been realized without account for seismic detailing, even if they are located in areas subjected to high seismicity. In this context, several passive seismic protection techniques have been developed and applied to retrofit these structures such as, for an example, seismic isolation. The aim of this work is to characterize in probabilistic terms the seismic performance of a framed RC building retrofitted by means of sliding friction pendulum (FPS) devices. Specifically, the response of an existing RC building located in a high seismicity area in Italy is investigated. After the description of the main available information about the structure, a non-linear numerical model has been defined by means of fiber-elements approach. Then, non-linear dynamic analyses considering multiple recorded ground motions with the three accelerometric components have been carried out to assess the seismic response of the building with and without the retrofitting intervention composed of FPS isolators. Finally, the results are processed to achieve a probabilistic assessment of the seismic performance of the retrofitting intervention.

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47

YAMAKAWA, Tetsuo, Shinya TAKARA, and Md Nafiur RAHMAN. "CYCLIC LOADING TESTS ON RETROFITTED RC FRAMED SHEAR WALLS AND THEIR SEISMIC PERFORMANCE." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 73, no. 634 (2008): 2167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.73.2167.

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48

Dheeraj, Kumar Singh, Chandra Arora Harish, and Shobharam. "Seismic evaluation and rehabilitation of G+1 corroded RC building." i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering 11, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jste.11.1.18651.

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Reinforcing steel corrosion is one of the major cause of degradation in Reinforced Concrete (RC) construction. Corrosion is caused by the processes of carbonation and chloride attack, which results in a reduction in the structural performance of structures over time. The time-dependent corrosion process has an impact on structure safety and serviceability, and it can even lead to progressive failure. Corrosion causes reinforcing bar diameter reductions, concrete fissures, concrete cover expulsion, concrete and steel strength reductions, and the breakdown of the link between the concrete and imbedded steel. When it comes to multistory concrete buildings, corrosion is a considerably bigger issue in terms of seismic performance. As a result, accurately assessing and establishing the current corrosion degree of structural parts, as well as evaluating the local and global seismic capacity of existing corroded RC buildings, has been a major challenge around the world. The current study used a methodology in which revised properties were applied for seismic evaluation and establishing the correct restoration scheme for existing two-story RC framed buildings based on non-destructive and destructive material site as well as laboratory testing. The findings of linear seismic analysis and non-linear static pushover analysis for sound, corroded, and retrofitted buildings have been compared and analyzed and a new corrosion evaluation model is being proposed based on NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) and other established analytical models.

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Hur, Moo-Won, Young-Soo Chun, Jae-Seung Hwang, and Jong-Ho Kim. "Seismic Capacity of Non-seismic Designed RC Framed Building Retrofitted by Double I-type Metallic Damper." Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection 19, no. 6 (November 1, 2015): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11112/jksmi.2015.19.6.010.

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50

Abate, Mistreselasie, Ana Catarina Jorge Evangelista, and Vivian W. Y. Tam. "Comparative Response Spectrum Analysis on 15- and 50-Story Reinforced Concrete Buildings Having Shear Walls with and without Openings as per EN1998-1 Seismic Code." Buildings 13, no. 5 (May 16, 2023): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051303.

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Medium-rise reinforced concrete (RC) framed apartment complexes with stories ranging from 15 to 50 are becoming more common in Ethiopia’s main cities. In these RC-framed structures, shear walls are included for lateral load resistance. As apertures are frequently provided in shear walls, it is critical to evaluate their influence on story drift, stiffness, shear and moments, and stress within the shear walls. A 3D study with five different cases was carried out with ETABS version 19.00 software to investigate the influence of apertures in a building’s shear wall. This study looks at the effects of changing the size and location of these apertures. Based on this analysis, extensive data were acquired, and useful conclusions were formed that will be useful to practicing engineers. The seismic parameter utilized for the response spectrum study was Building Code of Ethiopia ES8-15, which conforms to Eurocode 8-2004 seismic code guidelines (based on EN1998-1) with target response spectrum type-I. The following parameters were used: ground acceleration, ag/g = 0.1, spectrum type = I, ground type = B, soil factor, S = 1.35, spectrum period, Tb, = 0.05 s, spectrum period, Tc = 0.25 s, spectrum period, Td = 1.2 s, lower bound factor, beta = 0.2, behavior factor = 1, and damping ratio = 5%. The outcomes are compared using various parameters such as displacement, story drift, story stiffness, story shear, and story moment both with and without shear wall opening cases. This study will give tremendous insight into the effect of shear wall openings on the performance of the structure. The analysis in this work was carried out on a linear model, which may not represent the complete local response of the structure; thus, future researchers should perform nonlinear analysis based on a performance-based design. It was concluded from this investigation that incorporating shear walls considerably enhanced the performance of the building over framed structures. Shear wall openings in a structure have a significant influence on the building’s performance. Due to their significant resistance to earthquake forces, shear wall structures are highly recommended for seismic hazard zones.

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