Дисертації з теми "RC and masonry"
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Wang, Chuanlin. "Retrofitting of infilled RC frames using collar jointed masonry." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15961/.
Повний текст джерелаOuyang, Yi, and 欧阳禕. "Theoretical study of hybrid masonry : RC structure behaviour under lateral earthquake loading." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196090.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
Loots, Jurie. "Computational assessment of seismic resistance of RC framed buildings with masonry infill." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50299.
Повний текст джерелаSome digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Reinforced concrete (RC) frames with unreinforced masonry infill form the structural system of many buildings and this is also true for South Africa. It is common practice to consider the masonry infill as a non-structural component and therefore it does not contribute to the performance of the Re frame buildings under lateral loading such as earthquake loading. This is done by leaving a sufficient gap between the Re frame and the infill. This ensures that there is no contact between the frame and the infill during an earthquake event. However, it has been suggested that masonry infill can play a significant role in the performance of a Re frame building under lateral loading. The first part of the study focuses on the South African situation. The relevance of shear walls in these Re frame buildings as well as the size of the gap (between frame and infill) left in practice, are investigated. This is done by finite element analysis. The second part of the study focuses on the effects that the infill can have on the global performance of the structure when there is full contact between the Re frames and infill. The effect of openings in the infill to the response of the frame is also investigated. Finite element models of single span Re frames with infill is built and analyzed in order to investigate possible damage to the infill, frame infill interaction and to obtain the non linear stiffness of the frame with infill as a whole. This obtained non linear stiffness can be modelled in Diana as a non linear spring that will be used in the development of a simplified analysis method. The simplified method developed consists of a frame and two such non linear springs, placed diagonally, and which have the same force versus displacement behaviour as the original frame with infill. These single span frames can be added together to model a whole frame. In a first step to generalise the simplified method, various geometries of infills are considered, varying span and height, as well as opening percentage, representing windows and doors of varying total area and positioning. However, in this study a single masonry type, namely solid baked clay bricks set in a general mortar, is considered. To generalise the approach further, other masonry types can be considered in the same way. The use of these springs in a simplified model saves computational time and this means that larger structures can be modelled in Diana to investigate response of'Rf' frame buildings with infill. The work reported in this thesis considers only in-plane action. Out-of-plane-action of the masonry infill has been reported in the literature to be considerable, under the condition that it is sufficiently tied to the frame to prevent mere toppling over, causing life risking hazards in earthquake events. This matter should be studied in continuation of the current research to generalise the simple approach to three dimensions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gewapende betonrame (GBR-e) met ongewapende messelwerk invulpanele (invul) vorm die strukturele ruggraat van vele geboue en dit geld ook vir geboue in Suid-Afrika. Dit is algemene praktyk om die invulpaneel in sulke geboue as 'n nie-strukturele komponent te beskou. Daarvolgens dra dit nie by tot die gedrag van 'n GBR gebou onderhewig aan 'n aarbewing nie. Dit word bereik deur 'n groot genoeg gaping tussen die betonraam en die invul te los. Die gevolg is dat daar geen kontak tussen die betonraam en die invul plaasvind indien daar 'n aardbewing sou voorkom nie. Dit is egter voorgestel dat invul 'n noemenswaardige rol kan speel in die gedrag van 'n GBR gebou onderwerp aan 'n horisontale las. Die eerste deel van die studie fokus op die Suid-Afrikaanse situasie. Die relavansie van skuifmure in GBR geboue asook die grootte van die gaping (tussen die raam en invul) wat in die praktyk gebruik word, word ondersoek. Dit word gedoen met behulp van eindige element analises. Die tweede deel van die studie fokus op die effek wat invul kan hê op die globale gedrag van 'n struktuur wanneer daar volle kontak tussen die GBR en die invul is. Die effek wat die teenwoordigheid van openinge in die invul kan hê op die gedrag van 'n GBR is ook ondersoek. Eindige element modelle van enkelspan GBR met invul is gemodelleer en geanaliseer om die moontlike skade aan die invul, die interaksie tussen die GBR en die invul asook die nie-lineêre styfheid van die raam en invul as 'n geheel, te ondersoek. Hierdie nielineêre styfheid kan in Diana as 'n nie-lineêre veer gemodelleer word en word gebruik in die ontwikkeling van 'n vereenvoudigde metode. Hierdie vereenvoudigde metode wat ontwikkel is, bestaan uit 'n raam en twee sulke nielineêre vere (diagonaal geplaas). Die raam met vere het dieselfde krag teenoor verplasingsgedrag as die van die oorspronklike raam met invul wat dit voorstel. Hierdie rame kan saamgevoeg word om 'n raam uit 'n gebou as 'n geheel te modelleer. Verskeie invul geometrieë word gebruik in die analises in 'n eerste stap om die vereenvoudigde metode te veralgemeen. Die span en hoogte asook opening persentasie van die invul word gevariëer om vensters en deure van veskeie grootte en posisie voor te stel. In die studie, 'n enkel messelwerk tipe, naamlik solied klei bakstene geset in algemene mortar, word gebruik. Ander messelwerk tipes kan gebruik word om die metode verder te veralgemeen. Die gebruik van die vere in die vereenvoudigde metode spaar berekenings tyd en dit beteken dat groter strukture in Diana gemodelleer kan word om die gedrag van GBR geboue met invul te ondersoek. Die werk gedoen in die tesis neem slegs in-vlak aksie in ag. Literatuurstudie dui daarop dat goeie uit-vlak-aksie van messelwerk invul bestaan, mits dit goed geanker is aan die raam om te verseker dat dit nie kan omval en 'n gevaar vir lewens in 'n aardbewing inhou nie. Dit behoort verder bestudeer te vord in die vervolging van die huidige ondersoek om die vereenvoudige metode na drie dimensies te veralgemeen.
Stefani, Francesca <1987>. "Seismic retrofit of existing RC and masonry buildings using external aluminium alloy exoskeleton." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9875/1/Stefani_Francesca_tesi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDI, TRAPANI Fabio. "RC Masonry infilled frames: Experimental results and development of predictive techniques for the assessment of seismic response." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91783.
Повний текст джерелаThe presence of infill masonry in RC framed structures substantially modifies of the overall response in presence of seismic actions with respect of bare frames in terms of stiffness, strength and displacement capacity . The thesis presents the results of an experimental campaign on infilled frames with different kinds of masonry subjected to cyclic loading tests. Subsequently, a criterion for the simplified modeling of the cyclic hysteretic behavior through a macromodel equivalent diagonal strut is proposed. A further numerical investigation is carried out to assess the influence of local effects due to the interaction between infill a frame and a criterion for their inclusion when concentric strut models are used is developed. Finally calibration of the equivalent strut by means of a fiber model is performed. This approach is also applied to study the in plane-out of plane behavior of masonry infill panels when in the presence of seismic actions acting in any direction .
Kirch, Nienkotter Rocha Bruna. "Intrinsic variations in geometric properties of nonlinear equivalent strut models for infill-RC frames." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2187.
Повний текст джерелаKožík, Jiří. "Objekt občanské vybavenosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-410032.
Повний текст джерелаBor-MinChang and 張博閔. "Backbone Model for Partially Confined Masonry Panels in RC Frames." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69jxz3.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
建築學系
106
A nonlinear push-over analytical model for Taiwan’s partially confined masonry in RC frames is re-established in this research, which is based on the existing analytical model and the inductive conclusions of the structural behavior observed in the experiments. By comparing the results of the new analytical model and those of studies at home and abroad, it is observed that theoretical curves and performance points’ strength can effectively reflect experimental results. Furthermore, the determination of both masonry panels’ failure mode and whether shear failure occurred in columns is also accurate.
Manju, M. A. "Numerical Investigation of Masonry Infilled RC Frames Subjected to Seismic Loading." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/3156.
Повний текст джерелаHsiue, Kai-Yuan, and 薛凱元. "In-Plane Behavior of Slender Unreinforced Masonry Walls in RC Frames." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27651443336417954198.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
96
Slender unreinforced masonry (URM) walls can easily be found in typical RC school buildings in Taiwan, in-filled between RC frames and doors or windows due to the need for opening. Since the walls are only 60~100cm wide with a slenderness ratio more than 1 and lack of vertical boundary members, they are usually damaged by flexural bending in earthquakes. Based on the failing behavior investigated from in-site tests and the concept from former researches, an analytical model for flexural cracking and ultimate strength of slender URM walls is established in this thesis. From the observation in in-site tests for existing school buildings, it is found that when the slender URM wall is subjected to lateral loading comes from the top slab, horizontal flexural cracks appears along its top and bottom edges at once due to lack of tensile capacity. However, with sufficient vertical confinement by RC boundary frame, an inclined strut can form between the top and bottom compressive zones and provide lateral resistance by arching action. In the analytical model, the lateral resistance is derived from equilibrium of the couple by eccentric resultant compression at the top and bottom compressive zones and the moment resulted from lateral load. By assuming the wall is nearly rigid between cracked sections, the strain and depth of compressive zone can be derived geometrically. A stress-strain relationship for masonry is then employed to calculate the compressive stress and resultant compression. The lateral load-drift curve can be obtained by repeating the calculation for any given drift and the maximum load in the curve means the flexural ultimate strength of the wall. The model shows that analytical flexural ultimate strength of URM walls is proportional to its uniaxial compressive strength and almost inversely proportional to the slenderness ratio. The effect by simultaneously applied axial loading is also considered in this model. It appears that the analytical flexural strength increases slightly with the increase of initial axial loading less than about 60% of the ultimate axial strength but decreased rapidly after axial loading exceeds the range. Determination of analytical failure mode by introducing an existing model for shear strength is presented in the thesis as well. Comparison with experimental results shows that the analytical flexural strength and load-drift curves are conservative and reasonable.
Lai-ChengAo and 區麗貞. "Improvement of Earthquake Damage Evaluation Procedure for RC and Confined Masonry Buildings." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05292702703386049022.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
98
Data collection is an important work in the earthquake reconnaissance. However, major issues were found in the damage data collected from the past earthquakes. Different damage evaluation standards and data formats were used by different inspectors, causing the difficulty and misunderstanding in using these data. Therefore, this thesis is aimed at improving the post-earthquake damage evaluation procedure. Firstly, several current damage evaluation standards were reviewed. A new damage evaluation procedure was then presented based on the review. The presented procedure was validated by the comparison with 3 in-situ test specimens. The positions of damage conditions on the push over curves and the drift ratio corresponding to each damage state were discussed. The ability to distinguish moderate damage states of the procedure was also verified by using the data of 10 school buildings damaged during recent earthquakes. Twelve professionals with different backgrounds were asked to evaluate the damage state of the buildings with both their subjective judgments and the presented procedure. The damage states determined by using the presented procedure showed less dispersion and stricter result than the subjective judgments. The procedure results between professionals from different back grounds also showed less difference. The procedure was then compared with current procedure used by the Construction and Planning Agency; the results from the two procedures showed good agreement. Finally, the presented procedure was applied to an existing databank for school buildings damaged during the Chi-Chi earthquake to revise the damage state. The relationships between the revised damage state and structural factors, including adjacent building condition, building orientation, and column density, were studied. Typical school buildings that had adjacent buildings facing them with the strong axis showed lighter damage state than those that had no adjacent buildings or adjacent buildings facing with the weak axis. The building orientation also showed clear relationship with the damage state in this earthquake. Buildings with the longitudinal axis along the E-W and NW-SE directions had heavier damage than buildings lie in the N-S direction. The relationship between the column density and the damage state was reasonable; the column density decreased as the damage state became heavier.
Lin, Hsuan-Pai, and 林宣百. "Out-of-Plane Seismic Behavior of Unreinforced Masonry Infilled Walls in RC Frames." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07475701989160419135.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
94
In Taiwan, many people live in RC buildings that were constructed with un-reinfroced infilled masonry walls in RC frames. The existing seismic assessment for such structures usually emphasizes only on in-plane capacity of the infilled walls. However, the damage reports for earthquakes tell that sometimes the infilled masonry walls collapse at out-of-plane direction before they can contribute in-plane capacity. In this thesis, failing behavior of infilled masonry walls and interaction between the walls and RC boundary frames when they were subjected to out-of-plane loading were investigated from results of in-site tests. Analytical models were developed for estimating out-of-plane cracking and ultimate strength and displacement of the infilled masonry walls. From 2 in-site tests, it is found that when the infilled masonry walls were subjected to out-of-plane concentrated loading, the top and bottom of walls bended and cracks happened at the tensile side. Out-of-plane displacement measured show that after the cracking happened, region between top and bottom cracks remained rigid, therefore the walls behave like 2-force members with hinges at both ends. The analytical model assumes that infilled masonry walls are subjected to only concentrated loading. The cracking strength and displacement can be calculated simply by material and geometric properties, while the ultimate strength and displacement are developed by strut model. The ratio of height to thickness and compressive strength of brick piers are found to be main factors of the out-of-plane ultimate strength. Analytical P-Δ curves of infilled masonry walls are compared with the experimental ones. Analytical model presented in this thesis shows conservative but better prediction than other analytical models. It shows that the analytical model presented in this thesis is reasonable and applicable.
Yen-FenChao and 趙彥棻. "Experiment of In-filled Masonry Panels with Openings in RC Frames under In-plane Loading." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65356666016898774672.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
建築學系
103
This study tested two specimens: An in-filled masonry panel with a door opening in a reinforced concrete (RC) frame called specimen ID, and a bare RC frame called specimen BF. To reuse the RC frame of specimen ID, we removed the panels after the test. Both specimens were tested under lateral cyclic loading and constant vertical force. Test results show that the panels and columns of specimen ID separated soon after the loading started. The panels were failed in bed-joint sliding. Flexural cracks appeared at both ends of the columns; however, they were not seriously damaged. The columns of specimen BF exhibited double curvature deformation, and failed in flexural mode at maximum load. Comparison between the two specimens shows that the in-filled masonry panels increased the strength and the stiffness if the frame and did not affect the failure mode of the columns. The capacity curves of the columns and panels were calculated independently, and then superposed to get the analytical curve of the whole frame. Comparison with the test result shows that using modified FEMA356 model with the axial force distributed by the axial stiffness ratio to the columns and panels can provide a reasonable estimation.
Yu-SyuanLin and 林育瑄. "In-plane Load Tests for Confined and Infilled Masonry Panels in RC Frames with Eccentric Openings." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93847444283069668400.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
建築學系
104
Four full-scale masonry panels in RC frames were tested to investigate the influence of openings and type of masonry panel on in-plane seismic behavior. Test parameters of specimens were construction method and opening condition. Confined masonry panels failed in diagonal tension, and infilled masonry panels failed in bed-joint sliding. Columns of specimens without opening failed in shear, and columns of specimen with openings were flexural behavior. Behavior of both columns and panels, interaction between column and panel are affected by opening condition and construction method. The maximum strength and initial stiffness is higher for confined specimens and specimens without opening, and the maximum displacement has opposite trend. The experimental results were compared with FEMA 356 and Chen’s model. The capacity curves of panels were superposed on the ones of columns. The results show the distribution of axial force and behavior of columns affect the estimation of maximum strength.
Hua-WanWang and 王華婉. "A study of Validation on an Earthquake Damage Evaluation Procedure for RC and Confined Masonry Buildings." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54906600837415156771.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
101
ABSTRACT Earthquake damage is a major issue for buildings in Taiwan. However, Different damage evaluation standards and data formats were used by different inspectors, causing misunderstandings in processing damage evaluation of buildings. Therefore, this thesis is aimed at improving and validating a damage evaluation procedure for RC and confined masonry buildings established in former research. The evaluation procedure is a simple check list consists of non-structural component damage, structural components (beam/column/wall) damage, and residual drift. The overall damage state is determined by the severest damage condition checked. Following the former research, questionnaires to professionals are used to study how the evaluation procedure is capable of discriminating moderate damage states. Professionals including architects, structural engineers, and researchers were asked to observe damaged building examples with provided pictures and fill the evaluation form, but determine the overall damage state according to their subjective judgment. Another damage state is determined by the author in accordance with the filled form. The accuracy and applicability of the evaluation procedure is then studied by comparing the form-determined damage state and the subjectively judged result. RC building examples with RC walls were added in this research. An internet-based questionnaire platform is established to reduce the paperwork and enlarge the number of evaluators. A lecture on earthquake damage for the evaluators was performed to study the effect of training in advance of damage evaluation. The questionnaire result shows that the form-determined and subjectively judged damage states are close, and the form-determined one is lightly stricter. The form-determined damage states shows less difference between professionals from different back grounds than the subjectively judged ones. However, the training in advance of the damage evaluation shows little effect on the result. A few building examples has larger dispersion in the form-determined damage states than in the subjectively judged ones. The questionnaire answers for these buildings were thoroughly examined. Most of the errors are found to come from the misunderstanding of the evaluators, such as mistaken crack width and misidentification for member types. Since the errors did not come from the procedure itself, the evaluation procedure is not majorly modified, only the division for residual story drift is changed to correspond with the damage evaluation procedure by the Construction and Planning Agency. A blank space is also added for recording special damage condition that is not covered in the check list. The modified evaluation procedure is then validated by comparing with in-situ pushover tests of school buildings and shaking table tests of one-third scale RC building specimens. It is found that the divisions between damage states in the in-situ specimens are usually showed at larger drift than in the shaking table specimens. The main reason is the lack of crack width and residual drift data in the in-situ tests. The evaluation procedure by the Construction and Planning Agency is also used to evaluate the specimens. Good agreement is found in the results from both procedures. Keywords: earthquake damage, damage evaluation, reinforced concrete, confined masonry
I-TingTung and 董宜婷. "In-plane Load Tests and Retrofit for In-filled Masonry Panels in RC Frames with Eccentric Openings." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3gegk7.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
建築學系
105
This paper presents the results of in-plane loading tests for in-filled masonry panels with eccentric openings. The specimens included two full-scale masonry panels with eccentric door and window openings, respectively. An additional specimen with a door opening was retrofitted using a new method. All specimens were tested under a combination of constant vertical loading and cyclic lateral loading with controlled displacement. The experimental results showed that diagonal cracks occurred on all specimens, but the locations of the cracks were affected by the windowsills. Diagonal cracks occurred on retrofitted specimen in the two directions due to the constraint of retrofit elements. The independent column with door openings exhibited flexure-shear failure, and the adjoining column failed in shear. Due to the increased of shear capacity on the columns for the retrofitted specimen, shear failure occurred earlier then did ID-e-1.8. The columns with window openings exhibited shear failure due to short-column effect. Specimen IW-e-1.8 showed a much higher maximum strength but lower deformation capacity than that of ID-e-1.8. While the retrofitted specimen ID-e-1.8R showed a much higher maximum strength and displacement but lower stiffness than those of ID-e-1.8. When analyzing with Chen’s model, if the suggested axial load distribution and column analyzing method were used, the analytical curves would be similar to but slightly underestimated comparing to the experimental curves. All of the specimens met the criteria except for specimen ID-e-1.8R, which its failure mode of the columns is different from the actual circumstances. The FEMA 356 model cannot be used to evaluate the strength contribution of the panels, and is thus not applicable to this study. SPOCC can be used to analyze the behavior of bare frames accurately estimate maximum strength and displacement.
Ting-WenYang and 楊廷文. "In-plane Load Tests for Confined Masonry Panels in RC Frames with Eccentric Door and Window Openings." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7v25jp.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
建築學系
105
Two full-scale confined masonry (CM) panels in RC frames were tested under lateral cyclic load and constant vertical force simultaneously to expore the influence of opening type of masonry panel on in-plane seismic behavior. Test parameters of specimens were opening condition. Thus, two types of openings are proposed:eccentric door and window opening. The test results show that the specimens had asymmetric behavior under cyclic loading. Both masonry panels failed in bed-joint sliding when the loading was pushing. Adjoining columns of specimens failed in shear, and independent columns of specimens failed in shear after they exhibited flexural strength. The windowsill here did not show to affect the panel behavior, but precipitated short-column effect to the frame and inhibited the deformation capacity. Comparing with prevailing analytical models, Chuang’s model can conservatively forecast the envelope curve after appropriately modification and Chen’s model overestimated the contribution of panels apparently whatever the distribution of axial force and behavior of columns.
DI, TRAPANI FABIO. "Masonry infilled RC frames: Experimental results and development of predictive techniques for the assessment of seismic response." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2673116.
Повний текст джерела