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Статті в журналах з теми "RBRV"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Lotz, Henrike, Kai Sohn, Herwig Brunner, Fritz A. Mühlschlegel, and Steffen Rupp. "RBR1, a Novel pH-Regulated Cell Wall Gene of Candida albicans, Is Repressed by RIM101 and Activated by NRG1." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 3 (June 2004): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.3.3.776-784.2004.

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ABSTRACT The transcription factor Rim101p of Candida albicans has been shown to play a major role in pH-dependent gene regulation. Rim101p is involved in cell wall biosynthesis, since it regulates PHR1 and PHR2, two almost functionally redundant cell wall glycosidases important for adaptation to either neutral or acidic habitats within the human host. To identify additional cell wall components regulated by Rim101p, we performed transcriptional profiling with a cell wall-specific DNA microarray. We showed that Rim101p contributes to the activation of known hypha-specific genes such as HWP1 and RBT1 but is also required for repression of the previously uncharacterized potential cell wall genes RBR1, RBR2, and RBR3. Further characterization of RBR1 revealed that it encodes a small glycosylphosphatidyl inositol protein that is expressed under acidic conditions predominantly at low temperature. Deletion of the gene resulted in a filamentation defect at low pH. Most interestingly, NRG1, a transcriptional repressor of hyphal growth in C. albicans, was required for RBR1 expression. The apparently activating effect of NRG1 observed in this study has not been described before. In addition, we showed that expression of NRG1 is not only temperature but also pH dependent.

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2

Sabelli, P. A., R. A. Dante, J. T. Leiva-Neto, R. Jung, W. J. Gordon-Kamm, and B. A. Larkins. "RBR3, a member of the retinoblastoma-related family from maize, is regulated by the RBR1/E2F pathway." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102, no. 37 (September 1, 2005): 13005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506160102.

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3

Lumppio, Heather L., Neeta V. Shenvi, Anne O. Summers, Gerrit Voordouw, and Donald M. Kurtz. "Rubrerythrin and Rubredoxin Oxidoreductase inDesulfovibrio vulgaris: a Novel Oxidative Stress Protection System." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.1.101-108.2001.

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ABSTRACT Evidence is presented for an alternative to the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-catalase oxidative stress defense system inDesulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Hildenborough). This alternative system consists of the nonheme iron proteins, rubrerythrin (Rbr) and rubredoxin oxidoreductase (Rbo), the product of therbo gene (also called desulfoferrodoxin). A Δrbo strain of D. vulgaris was found to be more sensitive to internal superoxide exposure than was the wild type. Unlike Rbo, expression of plasmid-borne Rbr failed to restore the aerobic growth of a SOD-deficient strain of Escherichia coli. Conversely, plasmid-borne expression of two different Rbrs from D. vulgaris increased the viability of a catalase-deficient strain of E. coli that had been exposed to hydrogen peroxide whereas Rbo actually decreased the viability. A previously undescribed D. vulgaris gene was found to encode a protein having 50% sequence identity to that of E. coliFe-SOD. This gene also encoded an extended N-terminal sequence with high homologies to export signal peptides of periplasmic redox proteins. The SOD activity of D. vulgaris is not affected by the absence of Rbo and is concentrated in the periplasmic fraction of cell extracts. These results are consistent with a superoxide reductase rather than SOD activity of Rbo and with a peroxidase activity of Rbr. A joint role for Rbo and Rbr as a novel cytoplasmic oxidative stress protection system in D. vulgaris and other anaerobic microorganisms is proposed.

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4

Spratt, Donald E., Helen Walden, and Gary S. Shaw. "RBR E3 ubiquitin ligases: new structures, new insights, new questions." Biochemical Journal 458, no. 3 (February 28, 2014): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20140006.

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The RBR (RING-BetweenRING-RING) or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] E3 ubiquitin ligases comprise a group of 12 complex multidomain enzymes. This unique family of E3 ligases includes parkin, whose dysfunction is linked to the pathogenesis of early-onset Parkinson's disease, and HOIP (HOIL-1-interacting protein) and HOIL-1 (haem-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase 1), members of the LUBAC (linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex). The RBR E3 ligases share common features with both the larger RING and HECT (homologous with E6-associated protein C-terminus) E3 ligase families, directly catalysing ubiquitin transfer from an intrinsic catalytic cysteine housed in the C-terminal domain, as well as recruiting thioester-bound E2 enzymes via a RING domain. Recent three-dimensional structures and biochemical findings of the RBRs have revealed novel protein domain folds not previously envisioned and some surprising modes of regulation that have raised many questions. This has required renaming two of the domains in the RBR E3 ligases to more accurately reflect their structures and functions: the C-terminal Rcat (required-for-catalysis) domain, essential for catalytic activity, and a central BRcat (benign-catalytic) domain that adopts the same fold as the Rcat, but lacks a catalytic cysteine residue and ubiquitination activity. The present review discusses how three-dimensional structures of RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat) E3 ligases have provided new insights into our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of these important enzymes in ubiquitin biology.

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5

Zouros, Theo J. M., Sofoklis Nikolaou, Ioannis Madesis, Angelos Laoutaris, Stefanos Nanos, Alain Dubois, and Emmanouil P. Benis. "Radiative Cascade Repopulation of 1s2s2p 4P States Formed by Single Electron Capture in 2–18 MeV Collisions of C4+ (1s2s 3S) with He." Atoms 8, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms8030061.

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This study focuses on the details of cascade repopulation of doubly excited triply open-shell C3+(1s2s2p)4P and 2P± states produced in 2–18 MeV collisions of C4+(1s2s3S) with He. Such cascade calculations are necessary for the correct determination of the ratio R of their cross sections, used as a measure of spin statistics [Madesis et al. PRL 124 (2020) 113401]. Here, we present the details of our cascade calculations within a new matrix formulation based on the well-known diagrammatic cascade approach [Curtis, Am. J. Phys. 36 (1968) 1123], extended to also include Auger depopulation. The initial populations of the 1s2snℓ4L and 1s2snℓ2L levels included in our analysis are obtained from the direct nℓ single electron capture (SEC) cross sections, calculated using the novel three-electron close-coupling (3eAOCC) approach. All relevant radiative branching ratios (RBR) for n≤4 were computed using the COWAN code. While doublet RBRs are found to be very small, quartet RBRs are found to be large, indicating cascade feeding to be important only for quartets, consistent with previous findings. Calculations including up to third order cascades, extended to n→∞ using an n−3 SEC model, showed a ∼60% increase of the 1s2s2p4P populations due to cascades, resulting, for the first time, in R values in good overall agreement with experiment.

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6

Park, Eun Cheol. "Implementation of Korea RBRVS." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 40, no. 11 (1997): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.1997.40.11.1390.

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7

Gott, Vincent L. "RBRVS and cardiothoracic surgery." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 55, no. 1 (January 1993): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(93)90465-t.

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8

SAKSENA, SANJEEV. "RBRVS: The Second Coming." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 19, no. 2 (February 1996): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1996.tb03317.x.

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9

Foreman, Julie. "RBRVS Rules Finally Completed!" Archives of Ophthalmology 109, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1991.01080120038017.

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10

Chamberlain, C. J., J. Kraus, P. D. Kohnen, C. E. Finn, and R. R. Martin. "First Report of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in Rubus multibracteatus from China." Plant Disease 87, no. 5 (May 2003): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.5.603a.

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Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), genus Idaeovirus, has been reported in commercial Rubus spp. from North and South America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Infection can cause reduced vigor and drupelet abortion leading to crumbly fruit and reduced yields (3,4). In recent years, Rubus germplasm in the form of seed, was obtained on several collection trips to The People's Republic of China to increase the diversity of Rubus spp. in the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository, (Corvallis, OR). Before planting in the field, seedlings were tested for the presence of RBDV, Tomato ringspot virus, and Tobacco streak virus using triple-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) (antiserum produced by R. R. Martin). One symptomless plant of R. multibracteatus H. Lev. & Vaniot (PI 618457 in USDA-ARS GRIN database), from Guizhou province in China, tested positive for RBDV (RBDV-China). After mechanical transmission on Chenopodium quinoa Willd., this isolate produced typical symptoms of RBDV (3). To determine if RBDV-China was a contaminant during the handling of the plants, or if the source was a seedborne virus, the coat protein gene was sequenced and compared to published sequences of RBDV. RNA was extracted from leaves of R. multibracteatus and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers that flank the coat protein gene. Products from four separate PCR reactions were sequenced directly or were cloned into the plasmid vector pCR 2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and then sequenced. The coding sequence of the coat protein gene of RBDV-China was 87.5% (722/825) identical to that isolated from black raspberry (Genbank Accession No. s55890). The predicted amino acid sequences were 91.6% (251/274) identical. Previously, a maximum of five amino acid differences had been observed in the coat proteins of different RBDV strains (1). The 23 differences observed between RBDV-China and the isolate from black raspberry (s55890) confirm that the RBDV in R. multibracteatus is not a greenhouse contaminant but is indeed a unique strain of RBDV. In addition, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to RBDV (2) were tested against RBDV-China. In these tests, MAb D1 did not detect RBDV-China, whereas MAb R2 and R5 were able to detect the strain. This is the first strain of RBDV that has been clearly differentiated by MAbs using standard TAS-ELISA tests. Although RBDV is common in commercial Rubus spp. worldwide, to our knowledge, this is the first report of RBDV in R. multibracteatus, and the first report of RBDV from China. The effects of this new strain of RBDV could be more or less severe, or have a different host range than previously studied strains. It is more divergent from the type isolate than any other strain that has been studied to date. Phylogenetic analysis of coat protein genes of RBDV may be useful in understanding the evolution and spread of this virus. References: (1) A. T. Jones et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 106:623, 2000. (2) R. R. Martin. Can. J. Plant. Pathol. 6:264, 1984. (3) A. F. Murant. Raspberry Bushy Dwarf. Page 229 in: Virus Diseases of Small Fruits. R. H. Converse, ed. U.S. Dep. Agric. Agric. Handb. 631, 1987. (4) B. Strik and R. R. Martin. Plant Dis. 87:294, 2003.

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11

Uddin, MK, M. Ahammed, MR Rahman, and MAR Howlider. "Effect of Dwarf and Naked Neck Gene on the Egg Production Performance in Tropics." Progressive Agriculture 18, no. 2 (March 2, 2014): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18167.

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Cocks and pullets from each of 4 genotypes; Redbro (RbRb), Naked neck (NaNa), Redbro dwarf (Rbdw) and Naked neck dwarf (Nadw) were crossed reciprocally for egg production trial. Egg quality (egg weight, egg diameter, egg length, shell thickness, membrane thickness, membrane weight, shell weight, % of shell, yolk color score, albumen diameter, albumen height, yolk diameter and yolk weight) were compared among 4 genotypes. Daily feed intakes, almost related to respected body size were reduced in Rbdw and Nadw hens by 7.41 and 19.89% than in normal sized RbRb hens. The feed conversion and hen day egg production were highest in Rbdw, intermediate in RbRb and Nadw and lowest in NaNa. Naked neck (Na) and dwarf genotypes had favorable effect on egg fertility and hatchability. Parents in both Na and dw inheritance had favorable shell thickness, shell membrane weight (%), albumen height and diameter, yolk height and diameter, albumen weight and albumen weight (%) and yolk weight, while NaNa had highest yolk weight (%). Both egg weight and chick weight percent were highest in RbRb x Rbdw genotypes, followed by RbRb, RbRb x Nadw, RbRb x NaNa, Rbdw x RbRb, Rbdw, Rbdw x Nadw, Rbdw x NaNa, Nadw x RbRb, Nadw x Rbdw, Nadw, Nadw x NaNa, NaNa x RbRb, NaNa x Rbdw, NaNa x Nadw and NaNa respectively. Chick weight as percent of egg weight irrespective of genotype was simply the functions of egg weight.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18167 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 115 - 121, 2007

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12

Strik, Bernadine, and Robert R. Martin. "Impact of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus on ‘Marion’ Blackberry." Plant Disease 87, no. 3 (March 2003): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.3.294.

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Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), genus Idaeovirus, was first observed in 1997 in a planting of ‘Marion’ blackberry (a complex hybrid with Rubus idaeus, R. procerus, and R. ursinus in its background) established at the North Willamette Research and Extension Center (Aurora, OR) from tissue-cultured plants in 1993. RBDV was detected in 128 of the 280 plants. The incidence of RBDV in this planting did not increase from 1997 through 2001. In 1999 and 2000, we evaluated the impact of RBDV on yield, fruit quality, and plant growth of ‘Marion’ blackberry. RBDV had no effect on cane growth or fruit number, but it reduced yield (40 to 50%), fruit weight (23 to 40%), and drupelet number per fruit (36 to 39%) compared with uninfected plants. In 2000, we surveyed 32 commercial ‘Marion’ fields for RBDV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The locations of sampled fields were selected to reflect the acreage distribution of ‘Marion’ blackberry production in Oregon. RBDV-infected plants were detected in three fields.

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13

Chard, Jane, Susan Irvine, Adrian M. I. Roberts, Ian M. Nevison, Wendy J. McGavin, and A. Teifion Jones. "Incidence and Distribution of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in Commercial Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) Crops in Scotland." Plant Disease 85, no. 9 (September 2001): 985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.9.985.

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A survey was done in 1998 to determine whether Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) was established in raspberry fruiting plantations in Scotland. Raspberry-producing holdings were selected according to geographical area and size. Samples (201), each comprising 60 shoots per stock, were obtained from 77 holdings and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA-positive shoots from each infected stock were grafted onto cultivar Glen Clova, which is resistant to the Scottish-type isolate of RBDV (RBDV-S), to establish whether the virus is a resistance-breaking (RB) isolate. RBDV was detected in 22% of the stocks sampled, with 2 to 80% incidence of infection. No RBDV was in any of the 40 plantations containing cultivars resistant to RBDV-S or in Glen Clova plants, which were grafted successfully with samples from 15 infected plantations, indicating that no RB isolates were detected. The percentage of infected plantations increased with time from the planting date. In order to investigate possible sources of infection, ELISA for RBDV was made in 1999 on samples of stocks of raspberry cultivars entered for the lowest certified grade (Standard Grade) in Scotland and, in 1994 to 1997, on certified stocks planted with material originating from outside Scotland. No RBDV was detected in any of the samples. RBDV was found only rarely in samples of wild raspberry in Angus and Perthshire.

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14

Alcaraz-Contreras, Berenice, Guadalupe Guerrero-Reyes, Adrián Gutiérrez-González, Ricardo Hernández-Velázquez, David Fernando Taboada-Lozano, and Rigoberto Pallares-Mendez. "Alto porcentaje de ausencia de reflejo bulbocavernoso en pacientes neurológicamente sanos con disfunción vesical." Revista Urología Colombiana / Colombian Urology Journal 31, no. 02 (June 2022): e68-e72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743509.

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Resumen Introducción y Objetivo El reflejo bulbocavernoso (RBCV) se ha observado ausente incluso en pacientes neurológicamente sanos. Los trastornos funcionales del piso pélvico deben incluir su evaluación.Nuestro objetivo primario fue evaluar la prevalencia de ausencia de RBCV en pacientes sanos. El objetivo secundario fue observar la afectación del RBCV en presencia de otras comorbilidades cómo enfermedad neurológica y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, en el que se revisaron mil expedientes clínicos de pacientes sometidos a estudio urodinámico a quienes se les realizó exploración mecánica del RBCV como parte de una exploración rutinaria. Se realizó estadística descriptiva para las variables cuantitativas y cualitativas utilizando la prueba tde Student y la de chi cuadrado, respectivamente. Se consideraron estadísticamente significativos valores de p < 0,05. Resultados La muestra tenía una media de edad de 59,84 años (desviación estándar [DE]: ± 14,13 años), y contenía 36,19% de mujeres y 21,13% de hombres sin enfermedad neurológica y RBCV ausente. Se observó mayor ausencia de RBCV en pacientes con presencia de enfermedad neurológica en comparación con pacientes neurológicamente sanos: 21,6% versus 10,6%, respectivamente (p < 0,0001); además, se observó una ausencia importante de RBCV en presencia de diabetes mellitus en comparación con pacientes no diabéticos: 30.8% versus 18.8%, respectivamente (p < 0,0001). No se observaron diferencias al comparar grupos con respecto a disfunción vesical. Conclusión La ausencia de RBCV no es exclusiva de una enfermedad neurológica con repercusión de síntomas del tracto urinario inferior, y la proporción de pacientes neurológicamente sanos con ausencia de RBCV no es despreciable. No se encontró una diferencia significativa en los grupos con ausencia de RBCV con respecto a disfunción vesical.

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15

Stahler, M. M., F. J. Lawrence, and R. R. Martin. "Incidence of Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus in Breeding Plots of Red Raspberry." HortScience 30, no. 1 (February 1995): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.1.113.

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More than 300 red raspberry cultivars and selections were screened for raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), tobacco streak virus (TSV), and tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in three naturally infected breeding program selection plots at Corvallis, Ore. All genotypes tested negative for TSV and TomRSV. The RBDV incidence in primocane-fruiting cultivars and selections was 67%; in floricane-fruiting genotypes, it was 34%. The pattern of RBDV infection in the field showed no discernible trend. The high incidence may have been due to use of infected parents, propagation of infected genotypes, and pollen transmission. `Willamette', considered to be immune to the common strain of RBDV, along with 14 clones that had been in the field 10 years or longer, tested negative. The high incidence of RBDV in the breeding plots may provide an opportunity to identify resistant parents for breeding programs. An early seedling screening method for RBDV susceptibility is desirable to eliminate highly susceptible genotypes from the program and maintain a lower incidence of RBDV within the breeding plots.

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16

Fine, Robert C. "THE RBRVS: STEEPED IN CONTROVERSY." Orthopedics 14, no. 12 (December 1991): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-19911201-13.

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17

Rogers, Molly Meakin, and Angela K. Broughton. "Helping Physicians Cope with RBRVS." Hospital Topics 71, no. 4 (October 1993): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00185868.1993.10543730.

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18

GRIMALDI, PAUL. "Second RBRVS Fee Year Arrives." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 24, no. 2 (February 1993): 24???25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-199302000-00005.

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19

Dernburg, Judith. "The RBRVS for Oncology Services." Oncology Issues 7, no. 4 (October 1992): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10463356.1992.11905076.

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20

Weissman, Charles, Philip L. Beard, and Brenda E. Morrow. "Chemotherapy Administration and Medicare RBRVS." Oncology Issues 13, no. 2 (March 1998): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10463356.1998.11904738.

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21

Reifler, David M. "THE RBRVS AND ORGANIZED MEDICINE." Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 5, no. 1 (March 1989): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002341-198903000-00026.

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22

Winters, William L. "President's page: RBRVS in review." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 17, no. 4 (March 1991): 997–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(91)90888-g.

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23

Hsiao, W. "RBRVS: objections to Maloney, I." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 13 (April 1, 1992): 1822–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.267.13.1822.

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24

Radecki, S. E. "RBRVS: objections to Maloney, II." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 13 (April 1, 1992): 1824–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.267.13.1824.

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25

Fleischer, A. B. "A critical analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2893–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.267.21.2893.

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26

Phibbs, C. S. "A critical analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2894b—2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.267.21.2894b.

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27

Church, C. F. "A critical analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2894c—2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.267.21.2894c.

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28

Ramsey, D. M. "A critical analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2895b—2895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.267.21.2895b.

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29

Morris, C. R. "A critical analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2896b—2896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.267.21.2896b.

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30

Hsiao, William. "RBRVS: Objections to Maloney, I." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 13 (April 1, 1992): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480130138040.

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31

Radecki, Stephen E. "RBRVS: Objections to Maloney, II." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 13 (April 1, 1992): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480130140041.

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32

Fleischer, A. B. "A Critical Analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2893–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480210051023.

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33

Church, C. Franklin. "A Critical Analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480210051024.

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34

Phibbs, Ciaran S. "A Critical Analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480210051025.

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35

Gillette, Robert D. "A Critical Analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480210051026.

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36

Rowlett, John D. "A Critical Analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480210051027.

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37

Ramsey, David M. "A Critical Analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480210051028.

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38

Morris, Christopher R. "A Critical Analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480210051029.

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39

Troncale, Joseph A. "A Critical Analysis of RBRVS." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 21 (June 3, 1992): 2896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03480210051030.

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40

Tennant, Jeffrey S. "RBRVS Gets an Eye Test." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 268, no. 23 (December 16, 1992): 3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03490230043012.

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41

Tennant, J. S. "RBRVS gets an eye test." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 268, no. 23 (December 16, 1992): 3313b—3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.268.23.3313b.

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42

Foreman, Julie. "Harvard RBRVS Study Creates Controversy." Archives of Ophthalmology 106, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1988.01060140684017.

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43

Foreman, Julie. "Ophthalmologists Lose Big Under RBRVS." Archives of Ophthalmology 110, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1992.01080130024015.

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44

Werner, Elliot B. "Ophthalmologists Lose Big Under RBRVS." Archives of Ophthalmology 110, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1992.01080210018006.

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45

Lin, Xiaoqing, Kathy L. O'Reilly, Mamie L. Burrell, and Johannes Storz. "Infectivity-Neutralizing and Hemagglutinin-Inhibiting Antibody Responses to Respiratory Coronavirus Infections of Cattle in Pathogenesis of Shipping Fever Pneumonia." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.8.2.357-362.2001.

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ABSTRACT Respiratory bovine coronaviruses (RBCV) emerged as an infectious agent most frequently isolated from respiratory tract samples of cattle with acute respiratory tract diseases. Infectivity-neutralizing (IN) and hemagglutinin-inhibiting (HAI) antibodies induced by RBCV infections were monitored in sequential serum samples collected from cattle during a naturally evolving and experimentally monitored epizootic of shipping fever pneumonia (SFP). Cattle nasally shedding RBCV at the beginning of the epizootic started with low levels of serum IN and HAI antibodies. An increase in serum IN antibody after day 7 led to reduction of virus shedding in nasal secretions by the majority of the cattle between days 7 and 14. A substantial rise in the serum HAI antibody was observed during the initial phase among the sick but not the clinically normal cattle which were infected with RBCV. The RBCV isolation-positive cattle that developed fatal SFP had minimal serum IN and HAI antibodies during the course of disease development. Cattle that remained negative in RBCV isolation tests entered this epizootic with high levels of serum IN and HAI antibodies, which dramatically increased during the next two weeks. Protection against SFP was apparently associated with significantly higher levels of serum IN antibodies at the beginning of the epizootic. The RBCV-neutralizing activity is associated with serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), particularly the IgG2 subclass, while RBCV-specific HAI antibody is related to both serum IgG and IgM fractions.

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46

Kushnarenko, Svetlana Veniaminovna, Ulzhan Aitmukhametkyzy Manapkanova, Nazgul Kabdulakyzy Rymkhanova, Timur Tuigunovich Turdiev, Beibitgul Akimalievna Zhumabayeva, Karlygash Pazilhakovna Aubakirova, and Nurbol Nurpatovich Galiakparov. "Development of in vitro technique for elimination of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 110, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg2/76-84.

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Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is one of the most common and harmful raspberry pathogens, significantly reducing yield of the crop and quality of berries. The efficiency of various methods for RBDV eradication in Malinovaya Gryada variety in vitro plant lets was compared. Thermotherapy, chemotherapy and cryotherapy, as well as combinations of these techniques, have been tested to eliminate RBDV. Thermotherapy of aseptic plants was carried out in a growth chamber at alternating temperatures (16 h at 38°C, light intensity 25 µmol•m-2•s-1 ; 8 h at 24-26°C, darkness) for two weeks. Chemotherapy was carried out by in vitro plant culture for 4 weeks on Murashige-Skoog medium with 30 mg/L of ribavirin. For cryotherapy of shoot tips, the PVS2 vitrification technique was used. In vitro plants were tested for viruses by multiplex TaqMan real-time PCR. It was found that thermotherapy and chemotherapy alone, as well as the combination of these treatments with cryotherapy, did not result in RBDV elimination. Only when chemotherapy was used in combination with thermotherapy, RBDV was not detected in 37.5% of in vitro plants. The highest percentage of RBDV-free plants was obtained using the combined technique: chemotherapy + thermotherapy + cryotherapy, while RBDV elimination was confirmed in 66.7% plants.

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47

Whitney, Nathaniel, Lacey J. Pearson, Ryan Lunsford, Lisa McGill, Richard H. Gomer, and David F. Lindsey. "A Putative Ariadne-Like Ubiquitin Ligase Is Required for Dictyostelium discoideum Development." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 10 (October 2006): 1820–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00077-06.

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ABSTRACT The Dictyostelium rbrA gene encodes a putative Ariadne ubiquitin ligase. rbrA − cells form defective slugs that cannot phototax. Prestalk cell numbers are reduced in rbrA − slugs, and these prestalk cells do not localize to the tip of slugs. Chimeric slugs containing wild-type cells could phototax and form fruiting bodies.

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48

Schmidt, Ulrike, Jörg Beyer, Ulf Polster, Laurel J. Gershwin, and Ursula J. Buchholz. "Mucosal Immunization with Live Recombinant Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) and Recombinant BRSV Lacking the Envelope Glycoprotein G Protects against Challenge with Wild-Type BRSV." Journal of Virology 76, no. 23 (December 1, 2002): 12355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.23.12355-12359.2002.

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ABSTRACT Recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rBRSV) and an rBRSV deletion mutant lacking the G gene (rBRSVΔG) were characterized in calves with respect to replication competence, attenuation, and protective efficacy as live-attenuated BRSV vaccines. Both recombinant viruses were safe and induced protection against a BRSV challenge infection. rBRSV replicated efficiently in the upper respiratory tract. Intranasal immunization with rBRSVΔG led to infection but not to mucosal virus replication. Neutralizing antibodies were induced by rBRSV and rBRSVΔG. Thus, the BRSV attachment glycoprotein G seems to be dispensable in vaccinating calves against BRSV.

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49

Stope, Matthias B., Axel Karger, Ulrike Schmidt, and Ursula J. Buchholz. "Chimeric Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus with Attachment and Fusion Glycoproteins Replaced by Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase and Fusion Proteins." Journal of Virology 75, no. 19 (October 1, 2001): 9367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.19.9367-9377.2001.

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ABSTRACT Chimeric bovine respiratory syncytial viruses (BRSV) expressing glycoproteins of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3) instead of BRSV glycoproteins were generated from cDNA. In the BRSV antigenome cDNA, the open reading frames of the major BRSV glycoproteins, attachment protein G and fusion protein F, were replaced individually or together by those of the BPIV-3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and/or fusion (F) glycoproteins. Recombinant virus could not be recovered from cDNA when the BRSV F open reading frame was replaced by the BPIV-3 F open reading frame. However, cDNA recovery of the chimeric virus rBRSV-HNF, with both glycoproteins replaced simultaneously, and of the chimeric virus rBRSV-HN, with the BRSV G protein replaced by BPIV-3 HN, was successful. The replication rates of both chimeras were similar to that of standard rBRSV. Moreover, rBRSV-HNF was neutralized by antibodies specific for BPIV-3, but not by antibodies specific to BRSV, demonstrating that the BRSV glycoproteins can be functionally replaced by BPIV-3 glycoproteins. In contrast, rBRSV-HN was neutralized by BRSV-specific antisera, but not by BPIV-3 specific sera, showing that infection of rBRSV-HN is mediated by BRSV F. Hemadsorption of cells infected with rBRSV-HNF and rBRSV-HN proved that BPIV-3 HN protein expressed by rBRSV is functional. Colocalization of the BPIV-3 glycoproteins with BRSV M protein was demonstrated by confocal laser scan microscopy. Moreover, protein analysis revealed that the BPIV-3 glycoproteins were present in chimeric virions. Taken together, these data indicate that the heterologous glycoproteins were not only expressed but were incorporated into the envelope of recombinant BRSV. Thus, the envelope glycoproteins derived from a member of theRespirovirus genus can together functionally replace their homologs in a Pneumovirus background.

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50

Aufa, Naimatul, Ira Mentayani, Prima Widia Wastuty, Dila Nadya Andini, and Irma Fawzia. "Peningkatan Fungsi RTH menjadi Ruang Bermain Ramah Anak di Kelurahan Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru." Jurnal Pengabdian ILUNG (Inovasi Lahan Basah Unggul) 1, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/ilung.v1i3.4090.

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Ruang Bermain Layak Anak (RBRA) merupakan tanggung jawab pemerintah dalam memenuhi hak anak-anak sebagai warga negara untuk memiliki waktu beristirahat, melakukan aktivitas seni, budaya, dan olahraga. RBRA menjadi fasilitas bermain dan rekreasi yang mampu menjadi wadah untuk masyarakat, terutama anak-anak untuk mengembangkan kreativitasnya. Berdasar hasil kajian penelitian kerjasama antara tim peneliti dari Pusat Studi Pembangunan Permukiman Perkotaan LPPM ULM dan Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Daerah Kota Banjarbaru tentang Kajian Ruang Bermain Ramah Anak Kota Banjarbaru, tim peneliti berinisiatif untuk membuat desain RBRA pada ruang terbuka warga di Kelurahan Cempaka. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan memberikan gagasan rancangan RBRA untuk meningkatkan fungsi eksisting ruang terbuka yang berlokasi di Kelurahan Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru. Metode pelaksanaannya melalui evaluasi purna huni. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berupa rancangan RBRA yang meliputi rancangan tapak, perabot bermain dan perabot lingkungan.

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