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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 26 жовтня 2023
Оновлено: 16 квітня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "RAYON FIBER"

1

Rabe, Richard L., Billie J. Collier, and John R. Collier. "Processability and Properties of a Rayon/Nylon Composite Fiber." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 12 (December 1988): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805801208.

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Анотація:
The effectiveness of line speed and coating material feed pressure as control parameters in producing a rayon/nylon sheath-core bicomponent fiber has been studied, and the mechanical and sorptive properties of these internally reinforced rayon fibers have been determined. Results indicate that there is a wide range of line speeds and feed pressures under which a stable, completely regenerated viscose rayon coating can be applied to a nylon 6 core fiber, and line speed and viscose feed pressure can be successfully used as process control parameters. The nylon core fibers dominate the mechanical properties, conferring characteristics that should impart strength and durable press performance to the fabrics formed from them. The sorptive characteristics are dominated by the rayon skin, however, and since this skin is unoriented, its contribution is enhanced with respect to that which might be expected from oriented rayon found in neat fibers.
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2

Basit, Abdul, Wasif Latif, Sajjad Ahmad Baig, and Ali Afzal. "The Mechanical and Comfort Properties of Sustainable Blended Fabrics of Bamboo With Cotton and Regenerated Fibers." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 36, no. 4 (June 18, 2018): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x18782778.

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The worldwide growing need of cotton but its lower production has boosted the production of regenerated cellulosic fibers. This work compares the thermal comfort and mechanical properties of bamboo rayon fiber blends with cotton and other regenerated fibers. So, bamboo rayon fibers were blended with cotton, tencel lyocell, modal rayon, and viscose rayon. One-hundred-percent pure fabrics of bamboo rayon, cotton, tencel lyocell, modal rayon, and viscose rayon were made. Also, 50:50 blends of bamboo rayon with cotton, tencel lyocell, modal rayon, and viscose rayon were prepared. Plain-woven fabrics were made by using yarns of 20 tex. The thermal comfort and mechanical properties were analyzed. It is found that 100% tencel lyocell fabrics give higher mechanical and comfort properties. Similarly, bamboo rayon:tencel lyocell (50:50)–blended fabric gives better thermal comfort and mechanical properties than bamboo rayon:cotton–, bamboo rayon:modal rayon–, and bamboo rayon:viscose rayon–blended fabrics.
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3

Biantoro, Reynaldo, and Chandra Apriana Purwita. "Review: Pembuatan Serat Rayon." JURNAL SELULOSA 9, no. 02 (December 31, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25269/jsel.v9i02.273.

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Анотація:
Serat sintetis dari minyak bumi memiliki posisi penting dalam produk tekstil. Lebih dari 50% produksi serat dunia didominasi oleh serat sintetik. Meskipun serat sintetik lebih murah, produktivitasnya tinggi, dan lebih tahan lama tetapi serat tersebut tidak dapat terurai secara alami dan proses pembuatannya menggunakan bahan yang dapat merusak lingkungan dan mengancam kesehatan. Meningkatnya kesadaran terhadap isu-isu terkait ekologi dan lingkungan telah mendorong pencarian solusi alternatif bahan baku dan pengembangan metode pembuatan serat yang ramah lingkungan. Serat regenerasi merupakan jenis serat semisintetik yang dibuat dari hasil regenerasi selulosa yang menggunakan bahan baku terbarukan yaitu kayu dan nonkayu yang diproses lebih lanjut menjadi dissolving pulp. Serat ini lebih ramah lingkungan karena lebih mudah terdegradasi. Metode regenerasi serat selulosa lebih berkelanjutan dibandingkan penggunaan bahan baku minyak bumi yang ketersediannya terbatas. Dalam makalah ini dipaparkan sejumlah metode pembuatan serat rayon untuk tekstil menggunakan proses konvensional hingga proses alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Proses tersebut antara lain proses nitrat, cuproammonium, asetat, viskosa, lyocell, larutan ionik, modal, dan karbamat. Tujuan makalah ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi komprehensif mengenai berbagai proses pembuatan serat rayon serta keunggulan dan kelemahan yang menyertainya, karakteristik dan sifat serat yang diperoleh, dan metode terbaru seperti lyocell dan larutan ionik memiliki dampak lingkungan yang relatif rendah sehingga memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan. Review: Making Rayon FiberAbstractSynthetic fibers from petroleum have an important position in textile products. More than 50% of the world’s fiber production is dominated by synthetic fibers. Although synthetic fibers are cheaper, high productivity, and more durable, they cannot biodegrade naturally and the manufacturing process uses materials that can damage the environment and threaten health. Increased awareness of issues related to ecology and the environment hasled to the search for alternative solutions for new raw materials and the development of environmentally friendly fiber making process. Regenerated fiber is a type of semisynthetic fiber made from cellulose regeneration using renewable raw materials such as wood and non-wood which are further processed into dissolving pulp. This fiber is more environmentally friendly because it is more easily degraded. Regenerated fiber methods are more sustainable than the use of petroleum raw materials which have limited availability. In this paper, a number of methods for making rayon fibers for textiles are presented using conventional processes to alternative processes that are more environmentally friendly. These processes include nitrate, cuproammonium, acetate, viscose, lyocell, ionic solution, modal, and carbamate. The purpose of this paper is to provide comprehensive information on the various processes of making rayon fibers as well as the advantages and disadvantages, the characteristics and properties of the fibers, and the latest methods such as lyocells and ionic solutions have relatively low environmental impact so that they have the potential to be developed.Keywords: dissolving pulp, rayon fiber, cellulose, textile, viscose
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4

Duan, Ya Feng, Jiang Wei Yao, and Yue Zhang. "Development on the Multi-Component Blending Yarn of Hemp/ Anti Bacteria Fine Rayon/Micro-Porous Polyester Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 2013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.2013.

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Анотація:
The hemp, anti-bacteria fine rayon and micro-porous polyester fiber were select to spin into the multi-component blending yarn by ring spinning process. The performances of these fibers were analysed, the spinning process were presented. The multi-component blending yarn of Hemp/Anti bacteria fine rayon/micro-porous polyester fiber of excellent was spun successfully, and the performance of yarn was examined and discussed.
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5

Moon, Sook Young, Myung Soo Kim, and Yun Soo Lim. "Preparation and Characterization of Chemical Activated Fibers on Various Carbon Fibers." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.314.

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Анотація:
OXI-PAN fibers, Kynol fibers, and rayon fibers were used as precursors for the preparation of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) by chemical activation with KOH at 800°C. The effects of different precursor fibers and fiber/KOH ratios on the final ACFs are discussed. The precursor fibers used were appropriate for the ACFs in a single stage pyrolysis process. The OXI-PAN fibers, which were activated with KOH of 2.0M, showed a specific surface area of 2328m2/g, however, lost the fiber shape because of low yields. The Kynol fibers and Rayon fibers showed the high yields, but lower specific surface areas of 900m2/g and 774m2/g, respectively, at KOH of 1.5M. The OXI-PAN fibers, which were activated with KOH of 1.5M, have a specific surface area of 1028m2/g and higher micro-pore volumes and lower yields rather than Kynol-1.5 and Rayon-1.5 samples. This phenomenon is attributed to higher chemical resistance of the Kynol and Rayon fibers rather than OXI-PAN fibers. However, the Kynol fibers were the best precursors on KOH activation at 800°C when carbon yields, surface areas, and micropore volumes are condisered.
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6

Charoensai, Chakkrit, Porntip Sae-Bae, Jantip Setthayanond, Sasswat Sittikoon, and Somporn Chanchanuan. "Utilizing Rayon Fiber Residues from Fiber Manufacturing Industry for Preparation of Cellulose/CMC Hydrogels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.52.

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The cellulose-based hydrogel was successfully prepared from rayon fiber residue obtained from the fiber manufacturing industry. By chemical means, the hydrogel was simply prepared at an ambient temperature by mixing rayon with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in NaOH/urea solution with epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a crosslinking agent. Rayon cellulose was used for stabilizing of hydrogel structure, providing a dimensional stability to the hydrogel whereas CMC acted as a porogen, widening the pore size within the hydrogel structure while swelling in water. With increasing CMC content, the percent water uptake of the hydrogel was increased but the structural stability was impaired. The prepared rayon cellulose/CMC hydrogel could take up more than 200% water within 60 minutes with an appropriate rayon cellulose-to-CMC ratio of 1:1 providing an ultimate balance between percent water uptake and the structural stability of the hydrogel. Its percent water uptake was as high as 285% to its initial dry weight.
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7

Zuigyo, Yugo, and Masahiko Yamamoto. "Basic Study of PK Fiber Tire Cord3." Tire Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2802609.

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Abstract Rayon, nylon, and polyester have been used for a long time as general tire reinforcements. Recently application of p-aramid fiber, which has high tenacity and high modulus properties, is gradually increasing in order to satisfy high-performance requirements, large tires, and tire weight reduction. However, in working with high-strength and high-modulus fibers such as p-aramid it is normally difficult to obtain excellent adhesion with simple processing methods and their fatigue resistances are not good. This time we have focused on a new high-tenacity and high-modulus “polyketone” fiber obtained by gel-spun technology and performed a basic study in tire cord application. Through laboratory evaluation, we have confirmed that polyketone cord fiber has excellent adhesion, comparable with rayon and nylon, and good fatigue resistance in comparison with rayon. In addition, through its tire evaluation as a body-ply cord and cap-ply cord for PCR tires, we have confirmed its performance advantage in comparison to current tire cords.
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8

Di, Youbo, Guoqiang Long, Huiqin Zhang, and Qingshan Li. "Preparation and Properties of Viscose Rayon/O-carboxymethyl Chitosan Antibacterial Fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 6, no. 3 (September 2011): 155892501100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501100600305.

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Анотація:
Antimicrobial viscose rayon/O-carboxymethyl chitosan fibers (VCMFs) were manufactured by spinning the mixture of O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCS) xanthate and cellulose xanthate via the viscose process. The structure, morphology and mechanical properties were investigated by infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and tensile test. The results show that the blend fibers of cellulose and O-CMCS were satisfactorily prepared and the two polymers were mixed homogeneously. VCMFs display striation along the fiber similar to those of viscose rayon fibers, and their mechanical properties are close to that of viscose rayon. With O-CMCS blended, VCMFs showed good moisture absorption and antibacterial activity against E.coli.
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9

Andalia, Debbi, and Kurniawati. "Analysis of Sustainable Textile Practices by Viscose Rayon and Yarn Producer and Customers." 14th GCBSS Proceeding 2022 14, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.2(83).

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Анотація:
Modest fashion expenses reached USD 270 billion in 2017 and is expected to grow by 5% annually to reach approximately USD 371 billion by 2023, according to Thomson Reuters and Dinar Standard, in State of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2018-2019. While Textile Exchange reported that world textile fiber production is dominated by non-biodegradable fossil fibers, that is polyester. To this situation, viscose rayon (one of Man-Made Cellulose Fibers (MMCF)) come up as one of preferred fiber and material for textile. It is biodegradable because it primarily produced from wood. However, the nature of processing steps involve significant amount of chemicals and utilities, start from wood sources until dissolving wood pulp as raw material to viscose rayon and yarn production, which is also high risk to environment. It is important to study on the sustainability practices to integrate economic, social and environment aspects. This research is having two (2) groups of objects, they are: viscose rayon and yarn integrated producers and their customers. Primary source of the data are field observations and structural interview. In addition, this research is supported by second resources of data, such as: books, reports/records, credible websites, etc. Then, content analysis is used to analyse those data. Keywords: Sustainable practices, viscose rayon and yarn, textiles, content analysis.
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10

Li, Yan Qing, Hong Xia Zhang, Wei Tian, Cheng Yan Zhu, and Zhi Lei Chen. "Fuzzy Evaluation of the Properties of Fabrics Blended with PTT/PLA/Rayon Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.841.

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Анотація:
For fabrics, the diversification and superior of the properties and the styles can be achieved by blending fibers. To keep up with the demand of the market, PTT, PLA and Rayon were selected as the materials and 10 kinds of PTT/PLA/Rayon blended fabrics with different fiber content were designed and woven. And then the wearabilities of the fabrics were tested respectively. At last, fuzzy evaluation wad used to discuss the affection of the blended ratio on the fabric’s wearability. The results show that various kinds of wearabilities of the fabric are the best when the blending ratio is PTT/ PLA/Rayon 40/30/30.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "RAYON FIBER"

1

Modh, Haresh A. "Chemical treatment and adhesion in internally reinforced rayon fibers." Ohio : Ohio University, 1988. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182867766.

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2

Coda, Ryan. "A Study of Cellulose Based Biodegradable Foams and Sponges." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6961.

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Анотація:
Environmental concerns have brought about a push to replace non-biodegradable products that are made from non-renewable resources. Investigations regarding use of wood fibers and other biomass as a raw material for biodegradable foams and sponges are an example of such a replacement. Foams made at least partially of biomass can be created using cellulose from wood fibers once the cellulose is converted into a fluid form. Polyurethane foams can be made from polyols containing as much as 50% biomass by combined dissolution of wood and starch. Sponges can be made completely from cellulose regenerated from a viscose rayon solution, and the effect of using wood fibers as reinforcement material within the cellulose matrix of such sponges was studied. The effect of fiber content and fiber length on absorbance, swelling, density, air to cellulose ratios, bound water, and tensile was determined.
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3

Rabe, Richard L. "Drag and pressure die flow effects on the production and properties of a Rayon-Nylon skin-core type composite fiber." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1183057790.

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4

Holmström, Marcus. "Design of a Carbon Fiber Thermocouple for Elevated Temperature Measurements." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279105.

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Thermocouples are one of the most commonly used instruments for thermometry at elevated  temperatures. As of today, there are only a few types of thermocouples that are built to withstand a temperature beyond 1600 °C,however they usually have a temperature measurement uncertainty of around 1% at these high temperatures. Beyond the 1600 °C temperature span, most high temperature thermocouples tend to drift in the measurements, causing it to output a faulty and inaccurate read of the actual temperature. This thesis explores the usage of carbon fibers as a material to be used in thermocouples, by the combination of two dissimilar carbon fibers. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and rayon based fibers were used up to a temperature of 200 °C, where the output voltage of the thermocouple was logged. The study shows a promising and stable linear output of the electromotive force for this type of thermocouple using commercially available carbon fibers at lower temperatures. A comparison is made between the commonly used thermocouples type K and S, results shows that the carbon thermocouple have around 21% of the thermoelectrical efficiency of that of a type K or S thermocouple at 25 °C. For the case of its functionality at higher temperatures, similar graphite material has been studied through literature and found a potential increase in the thermoelectrical stability at higher temperatures beyond 2000 °C, which show that carbon-based thermocouples are well suited for high temperature measurements.
Termoelement är ett av de mest använda instrumenten för temperaturavläsning vid upphöjda temperaturer. Idag finns det bara några få typer av termoelement som är byggda för temperaturer över 1600 ℃, däremot innehar dom vanligtvis en temperaturmätnings osäkerhet på cirka 1% vid dessa höga temperaturer. Över 1600 ℃ temperaturintervallet har de flesta högtemperatur termoelement en tendens att skifta i mätningarna vilket orsakar en felaktig och inexakt mätning av den faktiska temperaturen. Denna avhandling undersöker användningen av kolfiber som ett material för användning i termoelement, genom kombinationen av två olika grafitfibrer. Polyacrylonitrile- (PAN) och Rayon-baserade fibrer användes i en sammansatt kombination upp till en temperatur av 200 ℃, där spänningen mättes mot temperaturen. Studien visar en lovande och stabil linjär effekt av dess elektromotoriska spänning för denna typ av termoelement med kommersiellt tillgängliga kolfibrer vid lägre temperaturer. En jämförelse görs mellan de vanliga termoelementen av typ K och S vid rumstemperaturer, resultaten visar att grafittermoelementen har cirka 21% av den termoelektriska effektiviteten hos den för en typ K eller S termoelement vid 25 ℃. När det gäller dess funktionalitet vid högre temperaturer har liknande grafitmaterial studerats och funnit en potentiell ökning av den termoelektriska stabiliteten vid högre temperaturer över 2000 ℃, vilket visar att grafitbaserade termoelement gör sig väl lämpade för högtemperaturmätningar.
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5

Li, Jian-xing. "Coupling agent effects on the interfacial adhesion in a sheath/core type bicomponent fiber." Ohio : Ohio University, 1989. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182441608.

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6

Le, Marec Nathalie. "Influence de l'irradiation précoce du cervelet aux rayons X sur l'apprentissage et la mémorisation chez le rat." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES030.

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Анотація:
L'étude présentée porte sur le rôle d'une des deux afférences au cortex cérébelleux (voie fibres moussues-cellules en grains-fibres parallèles) dans l'acquisition et la rétention de différents apprentissages. La lésion de cette voie est obtenue par des irradiations aux rayons X du cervelet pendant les deux premières semaines de vie post-natale. Les animaux étudiés ont subi des lésions partielles ou totales des cellules en grains. Certains de ces animaux lésés ont, en plus, subi au 15ème jour, une lésion totale de la 2ème afférence au cortex cérébelleux (voie fibres grimpantes) par administration I. P. De 3-AP. L'étude se divise en deux parties principales: apprentissage du comportement d'équilibration chez de jeunes rats les animaux sont ensuite soumis, à l'âge adulte, à un conditionnement d'évitement et à un apprentissage spatial. Dans les deux cas, l'apprentissage initial a été suivi, 7 jours plus tard, par un test de rappel. Les performances des animaux expérimentaux, ainsi que les stratégies qu'ils adoptent, sont comparées, dans les deux parties, à celles des animaux témoins. Les différents résultats montrent que l'intégrité de la voie fibres moussues-cellules en grains-fibres parallèles facilite l'acquisition mais n'intervient pas dans la rétention des apprentissages. De plus, l'absence, ou le manque d'inhibition comportementale chez les animaux lésés, perturbe la mise en place de stratégies adaptées
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7

Courtois, Loïc. "Monofilament entangled materials : relationship between microstructural properties and macroscopic behaviour." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0138.

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Анотація:
Les matériaux architecturés attirent de plus en plus d’attentions de par leur capacité à combiner différentes propriétés ciblées. Dans ce contexte, les matériaux enchevêtrés, et plus particulièrement les matériaux monofilamentaires enchevêtrés, présentent des propriétés intéressantes en terme de légèreté, de ductilité, et de facteur de perte. En raison de l’architecture interne complexe de ces matériaux, leur caractérisation et la compréhension des mécanismes de déformation nécessitent une méthodologie adaptée. Dans cette étude, l’enchevêtrement est réalisé manuellement pour différents fils d’acier et soumis à une compression oedométrique. De manière à étudier le comportement sous charge de ce type de matériaux, un dispositif de compression uniaxiale guidée a été mis en place dans le tomographe. Il est ainsi possible de suivre, à l’aide de mesures quantitatives, la déformation de l’échantillon et l’évolution du nombre de contacts pour différentes fraction volumiques. L’utilisation de ces données microstructurales a permis un meilleure compréhension du comportement mécanique de tels enchevêtrements. Une rigidité pouvant varier de 20 à 200 MPa en fonction des paramètres de mise en forme (diamètre et forme du fil, fraction volumique, matériau constitutif) a été déterminé. Un matériau homogène de rigidité plus faible a pu être obtenu en pré-déformant le fil sous forme de ressort avant enchevêtrement. Le facteur de perte du matériau a ensuite été mesuré à la fois sous chargement statique et dynamique. L’analyse mécanique dynamique a mis en évidence la capacité de ce matériau à absorber de l’énergie avec une valeur de facteur de perte d’environ 0.25. Les propriétés mécaniques du matériau ont tout d’abord été modélisées analytiquement par un modèle de poutres et un bon accord avec les résultats expérimentaux a pu être obtenu en définissant un paramètre d’orientation equivalent, spécifique à la compression oedométrique de matériaux enchevêtrés. En parallèle, un modéle éléments discrets a été developé afin de simuler le comportement en compression de matériaux monofilamentaires enchevêtrés. Ce modèle s’appuie sur une discrétisation du fil en éléments sphériques, acquise à partir de données de tomographie. Bien que seul le comportement élastique du fil constitutif ait été pris en compte, une bonne adéquation entre résultats numériques et expérimentaux a été obtenu en ajustant les coefficients de frottement du modèle
Playing with the architecture of a material is a clever way of tailoring its properties for multi-functional applications. A lot of research have been made, in the past few years, on what is now referred to as “architectured materials” (metal foams, entangled materials, steel wool, etc), mostly for their capacity to be engineered in order to present specific properties, inherent to their architecture. In this context, some studies have been carried out concerning entangled materials but only a few on monofilament entangled materials. Such a material, with no filament ends, could exhibit interesting properties for shock absorption, vibration damping and ductility. In this study, entanglements were manually produced, using different types of wire, and submitted to constrained (inside a PTFE die) in-situ compressive tests within the laboratory tomograph. This technique enabled a 3D, non destructive, microstructural characterization of the complex architecture of these materials, along with the analysis of their macroscopic mechanical properties. The stiffness of this material was found to be in a 20-200 MPa range and homogeneous samples could be obtained, while lowering their stiffness, by pre-deforming the initial wire as a spring. Damping measurements were performed using different types of entanglements (constitutive materials, volume fraction, wire diameter, wire shape) under both monotonic and dynamic loadings and directly linked to the measurements of the number of contacts. The Dynamic Mechanical Analysis underlined the great capacity of this material to absorb energy with a loss factor of about 0.25 and damping was found to decrease with the stiffness of the entanglement. The mechanical properties of this material were first modeled using an analytical “beam” model based on the experimental evolution of the mean distance between contacts and a good agreement was found with the experimental results. In parallel, a Discrete Element Method was used in order to model the compressive behaviour of Monofilament Entangled Materials. Although purely elastic properties were taken into account in the model, a very good agreement with the experimental results was obtained by adjusting the friction coefficients of the model. This tends to prove that the plasticity of these entangled materials is rather due to the structure (friction) than to the constitutive material itself
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8

Thomas, Jérémie. "Impact de la nanostructuration des fibres dopées Erbium sur leurs performances : application aux contraintes du spatial." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20178/document.

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Ce travail de thèse porte sur l'étude de l'impact de la nanostructuration de la matière sur le comportement des fibres dopées Erbium en environnement radiatif tel que l'Espace. Cette étude est motivée par le fait qu'il n'existe pas de fibre dopée Erbium qualifiée pour le spatial, rendant l'AOFD indisponible pour ces applications, réduisant fortement l'intérêt de l'ensemble de la technologie WDM pour les satellites. Ainsi nous avons testé plusieurs fibres basées sur des technologies différentes dans le but d'évaluer leurs comportements sous radiations gamma. Nous avons ainsi défini un critère objectif pour la sélection des fibres dopées Erbium, et avons montré des éléments permettant de durcir des fibres co-dopées Aluminium en se basant uniquement sur des paramètres de conception. Ainsi, nous avons démontré une fibre durcie aux radiations à base de nanoparticules de silice dopées Erbium, montrant une perte de puissance de l'ordre de 1 dB en fin de mission typique d'un satellite. L'accent a également été mis sur la modélisation de l'AOFD en proposant un modèle évolué prenant en compte des effets non linéaires liés à la complexité de la spectroscopie de l'ion Erbium. Ce modèle a été complété par une prise en compte de l'effet des irradiations et de la guérison optique en utilisant un modèle de proche de celui développé par R. Chen. Nous avons pu noter la grande importance de l'effet de la guérison optique sur les performances de l'AOFD en fin de vie
This thesis focuses on the impact of nanostructuration on the performance of Erbium Doped Fiber in severe environment like Space. This study is motivated by the fact that no on-the-shell Erbium Doped Fiber can satisfy the space requirement, disabling the availability of the AOFD and stongly limiting the interest of the WDM technology for satellites. Several fiber based on different technologies have been tested in order to check their behavior under gamma radiations. We have defined an objective criterion for the selection of erbium doped fibers, and showed elements for hardening aluminum co-doped fibers, based solely on design parameters. In this way, we brought to the fore a radiation hardened fiber, based on silica nanoparticles, exhibiting a power decrease of 1 dB after a typical space mission. We also focused on EDFA modeling by proposing an evolved model taking into account non-linear effects due to the complex spectroscopy of Erbium. This model is completed by including irradiation effects thanks to a model such as Chen's one. The photobleaching effect that has been found to be strong is also considered
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9

Blanchet, Thomas. "Influence des radiations (X, gamma, protons et électrons) sur les mesures par réseaux de Bragg à fibres optiques en environnement haute température." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES045.

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Les capteurs de température à fibres optiques possèdent de nombreux avantages tels que leurs faibles tailles et poids ainsi que leurs immunités à une large bande du spectre électromagnétique. La technologie des réseaux de Bragg inscrits sur fibre optique présente les mêmes avantages et ils sont de plus ultra-rapides, permettant de mesurer la température avec une précision meilleure que 0,5°C. Cependant pour des milieux radiatifs tels que l’espace ou le cœur des réacteurs nucléaires les performances de ces réseaux peuvent être affectés par les radiations ou des effets combinés des radiations et de la température. Dans ce manuscrit nous avons étudié la vulnérabilité de trois types de réseaux de Bragg : les réseaux de type I photo-inscrits avec des lasers continus ou pulsés, les réseaux de type R –Régénération – identiques aux réseaux de type I mais ayant subi un recuit à haute température (> 600°C) et caractérisés par une excellente tenue aux hautes températures (> 1000°C), et les réseaux de type II inscrits avec des lasers femtosecondes connus pour résister aux hautes températures. Même après un recuit à haute température (300°C) les réseaux de type I ne sont pas stables aux radiations. Les réseaux de type R ne sont également pas stables sous radiation à température ambiante alors que pour des températures d’irradiations supérieures à 150°C le réseau présente sous rayons X une incertitude sur la mesure inférieure à 1°C. Enfin après un recuit à haute température les réseaux de type II sont stables sous radiation, avec une erreur sur la mesure de température de moins de 1°C
Optical fiber temperature sensors have numerous advantages such as their small sizes, low weights and their immunity to a large band of the electromagnetic spectrum. The fiber Bragg gratings technology has the same advantages than the other optical sensors and is also characterized with an ultra-fast time response with a temperature accuracy better than 0.5°C. For nuclear environments such as near-Earth space or a nuclear reactor core the radiation – and the temperature – influence the performances of Bragg gratings. In this manuscript, we studied the behaviors of three gratings types: type I gratings are photo-inscribed with continuum or pulsed laser. They cannot resist to temperature higher than 400°C. Type R – Regenerated – gratings are done as type I with a further high-temperature treatment (> 600°C) to create a new grating resistant to temperatures exceeding 1000°C. Type II gratings are inscribed with femtosecond laser and are well-known to have a thermal stability as good as type R gratings. Regarding their responses to radiation and thermal constraints, type I gratings are unstable under radiations even with pre-thermal annealing (300°C). In addition, larger is the dose-rate or the accumulated dose larger the grating degradation is. Type R gratings are unstable under radiations at room temperature. However for the irradiation temperature above 150°C these gratings present an equivalent temperature error due to radiations of less than 1°C. After a thermal treatment at a temperature above 450°C, type II gratings are stable under radiations at room temperature (less than 1°C of radiation induced error)
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10

Harry, I. D. "Modification and characterisation of carbon fibre ion exchange media." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14123.

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This thesis examines the use of electrochemically treated viscose rayon based activated carbon cloth (ACC) for the removal of metal ions from aqueous effluent streams. Two types of treatment were performed: (i) electrochemical oxidation and (ii) electrochemical reduction to enhance cation and anion sorption capacities of the ACC, respectively. Electrochemical oxidation resulted in a loss of 61% BET surface area due to blockage of pores through formation of carboxylic acidic groups but its cation exchange capacity and oxygen content increased by 365% and 121%, respectively. The optimum constant current at which a combination of applied current and oxidation time at any extent of oxidation to produce ACC of maximum cation exchange capacity was found to be 1.1 A, with voltage of 4.2 V and current density of 0.8 mA/m2. Batch sorption experiments showed that the maximum copper and lead sorption capacities for electrochemically oxidised ACC increased 17 and 4 times, respectively, for noncompetitive sorption and 8.8 and 8.6 times, respectively for competitive sorption. Therefore, electrochemically oxidised ACC is an effective adsorbent for treating aqueous solution contaminated with copper/lead in both single component and multi-component systems. Industrial wastewaters are multicomponent systems, therefore, electrochemical oxidation of ACC is an efficient way of enhancing lead and copper ions sorptive capacity for industrial wastewater treatment. Electrochemical reduction resulted in a loss of 28% BET surface area due to formation of ether groups but its anion exchange capacity increased by 292%. The optimum constant current at which a combination of applied current and reduction time at any extent of reduction to produce ACC of maximum anion exchange capacity was found to be 5.5 A, with voltage of 9.8 V and current density of 6.4 mA/m2. Batch sorption experiments showed that the maximum chromium(VI) sorption capacity for electrochemically reduced ACC increased 2.12 times, with highest maximum chromium(VI) sorption capacity of 3.8 mmol/g at solution pH 4. Most industrial wastewaters contaminated with chromium(VI) are highly acidic, therefore, electrochemical reduction of ACC is an efficient way of enhancing chromium(VI) sorptive capacity for industrial wastewater treatment.
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Книги з теми "RAYON FIBER"

1

The rayon spinners: The strategic management of industrial relations. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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2

International Agency for Research on Cancer. and IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (1987 ; : Lyon, France), eds. Man-made mineral fibres and radon. [Lyon]: International Agency for Research on Cancer : Distributed by the Secretariat of the World Health Organization, 1988.

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3

Mass.) AMS Special Session on Radon Transforms and Geometric Analysis (2012 Boston. Geometric analysis and integral geometry: AMS special session in honor of Sigurdur Helgason's 85th birthday, radon transforms and geometric analysis, January 4-7, 2012, Boston, MA ; Tufts University Workshop on Geometric Analysis on Euclidean and Homogeneous Spaces, January 8-9, 2012, Medford, MA. Edited by Quinto, Eric Todd, 1951- editor of compilation, Gonzalez, Fulton, 1956- editor of compilation, Christensen, Jens Gerlach, 1975- editor of compilation, and Tufts University. Workshop on Geometric Analysis on Euclidean and Homogeneous Spaces. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2013.

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4

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Job or Commission Finishing of Manmade Fiber Broadwoven Fabrics Made from at Least 85-Percent Filament Yarns Excluding Rayon, Acetate, Lyocell, and Polyester. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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5

The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Job or Commission Finishing of Manmade Fiber Broadwoven Fabrics Made from at Least 85-Percent Filament Yarns Excluding Rayon, Acetate, Lyocell, and Polyester. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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6

The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Rayon, Acetate, and Lyocell Manufactured Fibers. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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7

Ramaswamy, E. A. The Rayon Spinners: The Strategic Management of Industrial Relations. Oxford University Press, USA, 1995.

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8

Samet, Jonathan M., and Aaron J. Cohen. Air Pollution. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0017.

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A wide variety of manmade and naturally occurring air pollutants are known to cause cancer. Diverse exposures such as tobacco smoke, radionuclides (radon), chemicals (benzene, mustard gas, and volatile organic compounds), fibers (asbestos), and metals and metalloids (chromium, nickel, and arsenic) have long been classified as carcinogenic to humans. Historically, these classifications were based predominantly on high levels of exposure in occupational settings. Over the last thirty to forty years, scientific attention has focused on quantifying the adverse health effects of indoor and outdoor air pollutants at exposure levels several orders of magnitude lower than were studied initially. These include secondhand smoke, household exposure to radon, residential and environmental exposure to asbestos, soot from diesel-powered engines, ambient exposures to small particles (PM2.5), and indoor air pollution from the combustion of biomass and coal. This chapter provides an overview of recent epidemiologic studies of air pollutants and cancer.
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9

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Rayon, Acetate, and Lyocell Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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10

(Producer), World Health Organization, ed. Man-Made Mineral Fibres and Radon. Vol 43 (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to H). World Health Organisation, 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "RAYON FIBER"

1

Gooch, Jan W. "Rayon Fiber." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 610–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9787.

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2

Sengupta, A. K. "Rayon fibres." In Manufactured Fibre Technology, 480–513. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5854-1_17.

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3

Thrower, Peter A. "Cellulose (Rayon)-Based Fibers." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 165–66. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145333.ch115.

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4

Hale, Robert C., Meredith E. Seeley, Ashley E. King, and Lehuan H. Yu. "Analytical Chemistry of Plastic Debris: Sampling, Methods, and Instrumentation." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, 17–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_2.

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AbstractApproaches for the collection and analysis of plastic debris in environmental matrices are rapidly evolving. Such plastics span a continuum of sizes, encompassing large (macro-), medium (micro-, typically defined as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm), and smaller (nano-) plastics. All are of environmental relevance. Particle sizes are dynamic. Large plastics may fragment over time, while smaller particles may agglomerate in the field. The diverse morphologies (fragment, fiber, sphere) and chemical compositions of microplastics further complicate their characterization. Fibers are of growing interest and present particular analytical challenges due to their narrow profiles. Compositional classes of emerging concern include tire wear, paint chips, semisynthetics (e.g., rayon), and bioplastics. Plastics commonly contain chemical additives and fillers, which may alter their toxicological potency, behavior (e.g., buoyancy), or detector response (e.g., yield fluorescence) during analysis. Field sampling methods often focus on >20 μm and even >300 μm sized particles and will thus not capture smaller microplastics (which may be most abundant and bioavailable). Analysis of a limited subgroup (selected polymer types, particle sizes, or shapes) of microplastics, while often operationally necessary, can result in an underestimation of actual sample content. These shortcomings complicate calls for toxicological studies of microplastics to be based on “environmentally relevant concentrations.” Sample matrices of interest include water (including wastewater, ice, snow), sediment (soil, dust, wastewater sludge), air, and biota. Properties of the environment, and of the particles themselves, may concentrate plastic debris in select zones (e.g., gyres, shorelines, polar ice, wastewater sludge). Sampling designs should consider such patchy distributions. Episodic releases due to weather and anthropogenic discharges should also be considered. While water grab samples and sieving are commonplace, novel techniques for microplastic isolation, such as continuous flow centrifugation, show promise. The abundance of nonplastic particulates (e.g., clay, detritus, biological material) in samples interferes with microplastic detection and characterization. Their removal is typically accomplished using a combination of gravity separation and oxidative digestion (including strong bases, peroxide, enzymes); unfortunately, aggressive treatments may damage more labile plastics. Microscope-based infrared or Raman detection is often applied to provide polymer chemistry and morphological data for individual microplastic particles. However, the sheer number of particles in many samples presents logistical hurdles. In response, instruments have been developed that employ detector arrays and rapid scanning lasers. The addition of dyes to stain particulates may facilitate spectroscopic detection of some polymer types. Most researchers provide microplastic data in the form of the abundances of polymer types within particle size, polymer, and morphology classes. Polymer mass data in samples remain rare but are essential to elucidating fate. Rather than characterizing individual particles in samples, solvent extraction (following initial sample prep, such as sediment size class sorting), combined with techniques such as thermoanalysis (e.g., pyrolysis), has been used to generate microplastic mass data. However, this may obviate the acquisition of individual particle morphology and compositional information. Alternatively, some techniques (e.g., electron and atomic force microscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry) are adept at providing highly detailed data on the size, morphology, composition, and surface chemistry of select particles. Ultimately, the analyst must select the approach best suited for their study goals. Robust quality control elements are also critical to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the sampling and analysis techniques. Further, improved efforts are required to assess and control possible sample contamination due to the ubiquitous distribution of microplastics, especially in indoor environments where samples are processed.
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5

Singer, Sandra M., David M. Northrop, Mary W. Tungol, and Walter F. Rowe. "The Infrared Spectra of Buried Acetate and Rayon Fibers." In Biodeterioration Research, 577–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9453-3_46.

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6

Hei, Tom K. "Oncogenic Transformation by Asbestos Fibers and Radon-Simulated Alpha Particles." In Effects of Mineral Dusts on Cells, 389–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74203-3_49.

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7

"Rayon fiber." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 819–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_9607.

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8

"high modulus rayon fiber." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365072.7679.

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9

"high wet modulus rayon fiber." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365072.7690.

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10

Blanc, Paul David. "Rayon Will Be with Us." In Fake Silk. Yale University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300204667.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses the continued production of viscose rayon, suggesting that it may not disappear from our everyday lives anytime soon despite the emergence of new knowledge about the toxicity of carbon disulfide. Viscose was a pacesetter at the start of the twentieth century, the first major synthetic-fiber success story. Even as rayon went offline in much of Europe and North America in the last decades of the twentieth century, carbon disulfide is still very much a part of an ongoing and indeed expanding viscose-manufacturing industry. Indeed, carbon disulfide has made another comeback, not through pharmaceuticals but via agribusiness. Both viscose rayon and cellophane have retained a symbolic presence in society. Viscose remain very much in existence, thanks to technological innovation and savvy green marketing. Today rayon is marketed as an eco-friendly, nearly green product. As Halston aptly expressed in an advertisement made for ITT Rayonier, Inc., “Rayon. It's going to be with us a long, long time”.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "RAYON FIBER"

1

Wu, Qilin, and Ding Pan. "STM Studies on the Surface Structure of a New Carbon Fiber From Lyocell." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39473.

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Rayon-based carbon fiber (RCF) and lyocell-based carbon fiber (LCF) were investigated through surface analysis by SEM and STM. SEM delineated much smoother surface of LCF, while RCF exhibited rough surface with obvious cracks and grooves, which undoubtedly lead to the tensile strength decrease of RCF. At 500nm×500nm area using STM, it was found that the surfaces of LCF are characterized by bulk structure with the area of about 150nm2. The bulk structure was constituted of smaller slug-like microstructures, each of which has a width of about 25 nm and length of 150 nm aligned at an angle of 45° to the fiber axis. The distance between two adjacent carbon atoms of LCF estimated by section analysis of STM revealed that hexagonal carbon rings did not form on the surface of LCF.
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2

Su, Xuefeng, and Theodore J. Heindel. "Effect of Gas Distributor on Gas Holdup in Fiber Suspensions." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56222.

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Two different aeration plates are used to study their effect on gas holdup and flow regime transition in fiber suspensions. Two gas distributors with different open areas (A = 0.57% and 2.14%) and the same orifice diameter (do = 1 mm) are used, and experiments are performed using three different Rayon fiber lengths (L = 3, 6, and 12 mm) over a range of superficial gas velocities (Ug ≤ 18 cm/s) and a range of fiber mass fractions (0 ≤ C ≤ 1.8%) in a 15.24 cm diameter semi-batch bubble column. Experimental results show that the distributor with A = 2.14% tends to produce lower gas holdup than the one with A = 0.57% for both air-water systems and fiber slurries. However, the effect of distributor open area on gas holdup diminishes at high fiber mass fractions (C ≤ 1.2%). Both distributors generate homogeneous, transitional, and heterogeneous flow regimes over the range of superficial gas velocities for air-water and low fiber mass fraction suspensions. However, the distributor with A = 2.14% enhances the flow regime transition, i.e., the superficial gas velocity at which the transitional flow regime appears is lower. Additionally, the fiber mass fraction at which purely heterogeneous flow is observed is lower when A = 2.14%.
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3

Pires da Costa, L. "Tensile behaviour of rayon cords in different conditions." In AIMETA 2022. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902431-22.

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Abstract. Different polymeric fibrous materials, such as polyester, nylon, aramid and rayon, can be employed as reinforcement in tyres or in other rubber composites. The present contribution focuses on the experimental characterization of rayon yarns and cords and makes some steps towards developing a constitutive model for cords, to be later integrated into a finite element procedure for the analysis of fibre-reinforced composites. Uniaxial tensile tests under monotonic and cyclic loading together with creep tests have been performed on rayon specimens in different conditions. A simple, preliminary viscoelastic-viscoplastic model is proposed which can describe the main experimental findings for untwisted yarns.
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4

Doehring, Todd C. "Marker-Less Measurement and Analysis of Collagen Uncrimping, Orientation, and Local Deformation Patterns Under Controlled Loads." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61018.

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Deformation, crimp, and alignment patterns of collagen fibers in soft tissues have been measured using a novel testing system combining controlled loading with synchronized high-resolution imaging. Marker-less feature tracking was used to measure 2-D local deformations, and a radon transform was used to compute quantitative maps of crimp patterns and local tissue fiber orientation. We found highly nonuniform deformation and crimp patterns, with the highest strains near the clamps, and the lowest strains in the midsubstance region.
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5

Schaub, Nicholas J., Ryan J. Gilbert, and Sean J. Kirkpatrick. "Electrospun fiber alignment using the radon transform." In SPIE BiOS, edited by E. Duco Jansen and Robert J. Thomas. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.875019.

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6

Monteiro, C. S., L. Coelho, S. M. Barbosa, and D. Guimarães. "Development of a New System for Real-Time Detection of Radon Using Scintillating Optical Fibers." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.2018.wd5.

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7

Jeong, Namin, David W. Rosen, and Yan Wang. "A Comparison of Surfacelet-Based Methods for Recognizing Linear Geometric Features in Material Microstructure." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13370.

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Integration of material information and mechanical properties with geometry enables many product development activities, including design, analysis, and manufacturing. To integrate material information into CAD systems, geometric features of material microstructure must be recognized and represented, which is the focus of this paper. Linear microstructure features, such as fibers or grain boundaries, can be found computationally from microstructure images using surfacelet based methods, which include the Radon or Radon-like transform followed by a wavelet transform. By finding peaks in the transform results, linear features can be recognized and characterized by length, orientation, and position. The challenge is that often a feature will be imprecisely represented in the transformed parameter space. In this paper, we investigate several variations of the surfacelet based feature recognition methods, including masks, clustering methods, and whether to recognize features in the Radon or wavelet transform. These variations will be investigated to identify their strengths and limitations on a metal alloy and reinforced polymer microstructures.
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8

Tommasino, L., and G. Espinosa. "From the similarities between neutrons and radon to advanced radon-detection and improved cold fusion neutron-measurements." In 1ST WORKSHOP ON SPECIALITY OPTICAL FIBERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. American Institute of Physics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4890697.

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9

Jäsberg, Ari, Pasi Selenius, and Antti Koponen. "The Effect of Fibrous Materials on the Rheology of Aqueous Foams." In Advances in Pulp and Paper Research, Oxford 2017, edited by W. Batchelor and D. Söderberg. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2017.1.159.

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We studied fully developed pipe flow of fibre-laden aqueous foams and decoupled their bulk rheological properties boundary effects like slippage at the pipe wall. The air volume fraction of the foams varied between 70% and 75%. The addition of hardwood fibres at the consistency 20 g/kg to plain aqueous foam increased viscosity more than 100%, while with microfibrillated cellulose at a consistency of 25 g/kg the increase was about 30%. The effect of synthetic (cellulosic)rayon fibres was negligible at the consistency of 20 g/kg. All the studied foams could be described as shear-thinning power-law fluids with significant slippage at the pipe wall by particles size and interactions between particles and bubbles.
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Pressyanov, D., D. Dimitrov, I. Dimitrova, S. Georgiev, and K. Mitev. "Novel approaches in radon and thoron dosimetry." In 1ST WORKSHOP ON SPECIALITY OPTICAL FIBERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. American Institute of Physics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4890699.

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