Дисертації з теми "Rationality of group"
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Heffernan, Courtney. "Rationality and Group Decision-Making in Practical Healthcare." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2811.
Повний текст джерелаWaligóra, Marcin [Verfasser], Bettina [Gutachter] Rockenbach, and Dirk [Gutachter] Sliwka. "Behavior in Rent-Seeking Contests: The Role of Beliefs, Bounded Rationality, Envy, and Group Identity / Marcin Waligora ; Gutachter: Bettina Rockenbach, Dirk Sliwka." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1124587780/34.
Повний текст джерелаKämmer, Juliane Eva. "How people make adaptive decisions with (the help of) others." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16823.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation is an investigation from an ecological rationality (ER) perspective of how people make decisions in social contexts, for example, when people collectively make decisions in small groups or with the help of another person’s advice. Of particular interest were the questions of what and how environmental factors influence the use and performance of different decision strategies. The studies thus were aimed at linking the framework of ER with research on group decision making and advice taking, respectively, in order to derive new insights for the related research streams. A first project compared the performances of individuals and two-person groups in a strategy-learning task. The task was to learn with the help of feedback the most adaptive strategy for a given task environment. One environment favored take-the-best (i.e., the strategy to rely on the best discriminating cue and ignore the rest); the second environment favored the weighted additive strategy, which weights and adds all available cues. Results show that individuals and dyads learned to select the most appropriate strategy over time, with a steeper learning rate in dyads when take-the-best was adaptive. A second project investigated whether small groups apply decision strategies conditional on the group’s composition in terms of task-relevant features. Results of an experiment with three-member groups working on a paired-comparison task support the hypothesis that groups indeed adaptively apply the strategy that leads to the highest theoretically achievable performance. A third project investigated the impact of perceived task difficulty on the performance and use of choosing and averaging, two prominent advice-taking strategies. Perceived task difficulty was reflected in the statistical properties of the environment, which, in turn, determined the theoretical accuracy of choosing and averaging. Further, people were found to adaptively use the strategies in different task environments.
Farrell, N. "Rationality of blocks of quasi-simple finite groups." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17653/.
Повний текст джерелаFino, Raphaël. "Around rationality of algebraic cycles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066231/document.
Повний текст джерелаLet $X$ and $Y$ be some varieties over a field $F$. In many situations, it is important to know if an algebraic cycle modulo rational equivalence $y$ on $Y$ defined over the function field $F(X)$ of $X$ is actually defined over the base field $F$. In this dissertation, we study that matter, making the variety $X$ vary among varieties such as quadrics, projective homogeneous varieties or principal homogeneous spaces. In each situation, we use appropriate tools, such as Steenrod operations, motivic decomposition results or cohomological invariants of algebraic groups
Londoño, María del Pilar. "Institutional arrangements that affect free trade agreements : economic rationality versus interest groups /." Rotterdam : Rotterdam : Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), Erasmus University Rotterdam ; Erasmus University Rotterdam [Host], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/7578.
Повний текст джерелаBano, Masooda. "Self-interest, rationality and cooperative behaviour : aid and problems of cooperation within voluntary groups in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440557.
Повний текст джерелаGaulier, Sylvie. "Approche énonciative de la rationalité dans la prise de décision sociométrique : (cas d'adolescents d'un groupe-classe en formation alternée)." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR2028.
Повний текст джерелаJ. L. Moreno (1889-1974), the sociometry founder sets down the sociometric choice as the result of the spontaneity-creativity. Through the constellation of the choices, the actor becomes a social atom, the basal social unity. The sociometry, the science of the social measure, obeies the main principles of the positive thinking. Taking up the sociometric choice as a decision-making having resort to a limited rationality amounts to change the epistemologist view point. The sociometric choice starts on a constructivist angle. Through the subject statement, the sociometric choice seems like a decision process. It integrates into a non-linear reasoning basically based on abduction thinking with analogic and/or deductive connections. Rationality is limited inasmuchas the subject takes singular situations about the groupal environment into consideration. In this way, it illustrates with the sociometric decisionmaking environment. Finally, the abductif reasoning shows that the subject accompanies with doubts the construction of his decision. The social atom, according to J. L. Moreno, is, in the constructivist perspectives, the cognitive-social subject… It develops his own decision from what he is and what he has the use of. He requires the heuristic reasoning
Pang, Cheuk Fung Thomas Indiana. "The networked public sphere vs. the broadcasting public sphere : a qualitiative analysis of communicative & strategic rationality in a USENET newsgroup and radio phone-in talk shows." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1999. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/188.
Повний текст джерелаLannuzel, Thibault. "Génération Formes Utiles, étude d’un groupe de designers en France : 1945-1973." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040127.
Повний текст джерелаThe topic is focused on a main period of the history of art and French post-war design but which is though largely unknown. During this period of growth also called « Trente Glorieuses », a line of eleven young French designers impose their self in the landscape of the model’s creation. This generation tries hard to promote the design from the end of the Second World War by basing on the social functionalism’s doctrine which is defended before by Francis Jourdain, father of the French serial furniture and member of the UAM, and then by his disciples René Gabriel and Marcel Gascoin. Their communal training in the best schools or in the design offices of their eldests, the similarity of their careers and the existence of personal affinities may allow us to claim the possibility of a generational phenomenon never identified in itself yet. Together or separately, this designers desire to defend the French rationalism and a production without any artifice, but above all the collaboration of the creator and the manufacturer for relevant forms and the proclamation of the beauty in the utility. Moreover, it is with them that appears the designer status who has to conceive furniture and interior organisations of quality and which is functional and reachable for everyone. This pioneer generation, relegated at the middle ground of the design history, deserves to have their place in the genesis of a profession and a discipline from which we still learn lessons
Gounelas, Frank. "Free curves on varieties." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3a7f6dba-fad2-4517-994e-0b51ea311df8.
Повний текст джерелаOzkes, Ali Ihsan. "Essays on hyper-preferences, polarization and information aggregation." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01071827/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, some important problems and properties of collective decision-making are studied. In particular, first, a stability property of preference aggregation rules is introduced and some well-known classes of rules are tested in this regard. Second, measuring preferential polarization is studied, both theoretically and empirically. Finally, strategic behavior in information aggregation situations is investigated in light of a sort of bounded rationality model, both theoretically and experimentally. The stability notion studied in the first part of the thesis is imposed particularly on social welfare functions and requires that the outcome of these functions should be robust to reduction in preference submission that are argued to take place when individuals submit a ranking of alternatives when the outcomes are also restricted to be rankings. Given the preference profile of a society, that is a collection of rankings of alternatives, a compatible collection of rankings of rankings are extracted and the outcome of social welfare functions in these two levels are compared. It turns out that no scoring rule gives consistent results, although there might exist Condorcet-type rules. Polarization measures studied in second part are in form of aggregation of pairwise antagonisms in a society. The public opinion polarization in the United States for the last three decades is analyzed in light of this view, by using a well-acclaimed measure of polarization introduced in the literature of income inequality. The conclusion is that no significant trend in public opinion polarization can be claimed to exist over the last several decades. Also, an adaptation of the same measure is shown to satisfy desirable properties in lieu of ordinal preference profiles when three alternatives are considered. Furthermore, a measure that is the aggregation of pairwise differences among individuals' preferences is characterized by a set of axioms. In the final part of the thesis, information aggregation situations described as in Condorcet jury model is studied in light of cognitive hierarchy approach to bounded rationality. Specifically, a laboratory experiment is run to test the theoretical predictions of the symmetric Bayesian Nash equilibrium concept. It is observed that behavior in lab is not correctly captured by this concept that assumes a strong notion of rationality and homogeneity among individuals' behaviors. To better describe the findings in the experiment, a novel model of cognitive hierarchy is developed and shown to perform better than both strong rationality approach and previous cognitive hierarchy models. This endogenous cognitive hierarchy model is compared theoretically to previous models of cognitive hierarchy and shown to improve in certain classes of games
Pirutka, Alena. "Deux contributions à l'arithmétique des variétés : R-équivalence et cohomologie non ramifiée." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769925.
Повний текст джерелаLiang, Yongqi. "Principe local-global pour les zéro-cycles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630560.
Повний текст джерелаMello, Patrícia Perrone Campos. "Nos bastidores do Supremo Tribunal Federal: constituição, emoção, estratégia e espetáculo." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7958.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims at identifying legal and non-legal factors that interfere with Brazilian Supreme Court decisions. The analysis is developed with basis on the legal model, on the attitudinal model, on the institutional model and on the strategic model of judicial decision-making. It examines the influence of constitutional law, ideology, collegial process, Executive Power, Legislative Power, public opinion and of the media on Brazilian Supreme Court attitudes.
(10996413), William J. Brown. "Essays on experimental group dynamics and competition." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаLiu, Te-Kan, and 劉德淦. "A Study of the Rationality and Fairness of Imposing “Tax Collection Handling Fees” on Taxpayers - From High-Income Group Not Paying Taxes." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87157578280363015446.
Повний текст джерела元智大學
資訊社會學研究所
94
The main purpose of this research is to study the rationality and fairness of high-income group not paying taxes through a review of theory of justice and tax justice literatures, and research methods of literature study and data analysis were adopted. In addition, the rationality and fairness of imposing handling fees on taxpayers by the government in various tax payment methods were analyzed in the context of high-income group that not paying taxes. The research gathered private sector’s business revenues, local governments’ parking fees income derived from public parking lots, governments’ tax levy and foreign governments’ tax collection. Then, an analysis was conducted to study whether the receivers or the payers of the above-mentioned income are responsible for the payment of the related handling fees. In the meantime, the statistical information compiled from questionnaires was supplemented to support and justify the purpose of this research Through literatures review and the study of handling fees payment for the above-mentioned incomes collected by the relevant public and private sectors, this research analyzed and compared the fairness of high-income group not paying taxes and taxpayers pay for the tax payment handling fees. And, supported by the statistical information compiled from questionnaires, this research concluded the following findings: (1) It is unfair and injustice that the high-income group does not pay tax; (2) The governments should pay for the handling fees that arise in various tax payment methods provided to the taxpayers.
Hu, Wei-Tun, and 胡惟惇. "An Inquiry into Jürgen Habermas’ Theory of Communicative Rationality and Its Implication for the Problem of Communication among Groups in the Complete High School in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15151645618971942668.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
96
This research aims at exploring Jürgen Habermas’s theory of communicative rationality, and clarifying its implications for the visions of communication among groups in the Complete High School in Taiwan. In order to achieve the above mentioned research target, this study makes use of the research methods, including content analysis, and critical hermeneutics. Furthermore, the researcher will, first of all, attempt to sketch the theory of communicative rationality and its meanings. In addition, the researcher will focus on the crucial reason of communicative problems among groups in the Complete High School. In the end, this study will illuminate Jürgen Habermas’s theory of communicative rationality, and bring up some tactics to innovate the Complete High School’s communicative problems. Based on the above purports, this research firstly explores the crucial reason of communicative problems according to communicative beliefs and case evidence methods. The conclusions of the crucial reasons are made explications of the following issues: 1.the systematized of distorted communicative problems; 2.the problem of idealized communicative situation; 3.the democracy of rational communication problems. Besides, the strategies of salvation of communicative problems are following: 1.to introspect and criticize the ideology of the school administration; 2.to execute the dialogue relationship among the administration, teacher and the parent; 3.to emphasize the rational-regulation of communicative action among groups in school. More precisely speaking, the theory of communicative rationality sets out that one should place rationality in the level of life-world communicative situation in order to analyze it. By using of language and the intention of action, all participants could be identically reached consensus. This research aims to emphasize and solve the communicative problems between different groups in the Complete High School. It is based on Jürgen Habermas’s theory of communicative rationality. Hence, the educational implications are made as follows: 1.to create a fine speech act situation among groups in the Complete High School; 2.to construct the reasonable life-world by the way of introspecting and criticizing instrumental-rationality of the school administration.
Chuan, Chun-Yuan, and 莊專圓. "Study of the Tw-DRGs Payment System’s Structure Applicability and Medical Resource Disposition Rationality- Take Kidney and Urinary Tract Infection (DRG320, 321) Two Groups in Kao-ping Areas as Example." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15013640986121194234.
Повний текст джерела高雄醫學大學
醫務管理學研究所碩士在職專班
96
Background: The Bureau of National Health Insurance(BNHI) had planed to implement theTw-DRGs ( Taiwan Diagnosis Related Groups) payment system under the global budget system in 2008. However, under the objection of the medical group and other aspects, the plans was abolished on December, 2007, and declared to continue negotiation with the medical group. Under this development, it’s important to perform an evidence-base research to prove the feasibility of the system, then providing a good strategy of medical quality control for Bureau of National Health Insurance . Therefore, Our study chose one of the original first stage’s 6 MDC( Maior diagnosis categry) , MDC11(urogenital system) including the two groups of DRG320 and DRG321, as the research’s object .The characteristics of MDC11 including the the commonest medical payment claims of the 6 MDCs(49%), the highest proportions of healthcare expenses (38%). We aimed to explore the Tw-DRGs payment system’s structure applicability, medical resource distribution, rationality of expense and explored the factors that affect the medical resource expense. Methods:Using the inpations medical payment claimed data of the bureau of national health insurance, Kao-Ping branch, we tried to introduce the Tw-DRGs payment system into the DRG with the variations between different healthcare stratums, and analyzed how to deal the outlier of our study to validation structure of payment. Using the average of medical cost, rates of returning to emergency department (ED) within three days and readmission within fourteen days as indicators, we analyzed the challenges that the medical providers may face in the future. Moreover, using the variants of the popularity, clinical specialty, hospital peculiarity, we explored the aspects of future monitor and inspection. Results:First, the application of the Tw-DRG paymentstructure: 1. The comprehensiveness of disease’s category: The CV value of DRG320 was 38.1% with DRG321 value <22.7% after introducing the system. 2. After introducing the system, the case falling into the area of fixed payment in DRG320 was 91% with DRG320 96%. 3. Different severity of diseases with different payment: After introducing, the average of medical cost was increasing in DRG320 and decreasing in DRG321. The statistic average inpatient days were lower than public announcement in DRG 320 and 321, but both of the average inpatient days were higher than the reference value of announcement. The rate of transfer was 6.5%, with the higher rate in the regional hospital and the patients admitted within 0-2 days. Second, the reasonableness of medical resource distribution and expense: There was a significant difference of average medical cost in the age and stratums of hospital. Rate of returning to ED within 3 days was <1.8%, and readmission with the same disease was <0.4%. Readmission rate of whole diseases within 14 days was 6.0% in DRG 320 and 2.8% in DRG 321. Third, the impact factors of medical cost: Both the important factors of DRG 320 and 321 were including days of inpatient, the status of discharge, the stratum of hospital, base rate and numbers of secondary coding. Discussion and Suggestions:First, it’s positive of lower CV value in the category of diseases. With the stable payment system, after being introduced, it’s proper because more money was deposited into the more severity patients of DRG 320 group. The principle of payment system was equalization; the whole expense of medicine was not increasing. Therefore, the Tw-DRG payment system was applicable. For the negative revenue hospitals, they should start to increase the efficiency and use standardized procedures. Hospitals with more budget should be monitored the quality of care. The hospitals having higher length of inpatient should be enforced to be supervised. Second, although there was a difference between age in the average medical cost, the package payment of DRG could complement each others that the hospital could not have difference treatment of patients with different payment. The clinical pathways should be established and increasing the quality of care. There was a difference in the average medical cost of different stratum of hospital, which revealed that the medical centers should release the lower CV value patients of DRG 320 and 321, and transferred to community hospital to decrease wasting of medical resource and establishing the diversion. Community hospital should increase the ability of care and the regional hospitals should increase its efficiency. Overall, the distribution of medical resource was reasonable. Third, the most important factors affected the medical cost was average days of inpatient and it should be the first priority of hospital management and the key point of investigation by bureau. We suggest using the quality control and resource redistribution to investigate the length of inpatient and develop associated strategy. Medical providers could using the clinical pathways and concept of prime of cost with proving suggestion to government and create a triple-wining situation.